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1
Mostafa, Hanan S. ,., Hanan A. Khalifaa, Wafaa M. Elsyd, and Abdel-Ghaffar N.Y. "Management of Potato Bacterial Wilt Disease Using Abiotic Treatments." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v37i3.619.
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Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi is one of the most important bacterial diseases in the world. This study aimed to test some chemical compounds such as bactericides that were applied to control bacterial wilt disease under artificial inoculation conditions and their effects on the yield of potatoes under greenhouse conditions.In vitro, tested chemical compounds (Cefalexin, Gentamycin, and Copper sulphate) inhibit the growth of R. solanacerum compared with control treatment. Copper sulphate was the most effective where the Inhibition zone diameter was 6.0 to7.4mm compared with cefalexin and gentamycin, 3.6 to 5.8mm respectively, but cefalexin was moderately effective 4.2 to 5.8mm and gentamycin was less effective 3.6 to 5.8mm against the pathogen. Inhibition zone diameter was increased with increasing concentrations of tested chemical compounds. Greenhouse experiments showed that the chemical compounds used reduced the severity of potato bacterial wilt disease and increased potato yield compared with control treatment. When using Cefalexin, the mean of wilted shoots was 20.5 and the severity of disease 16.3, while when using Gentamycin as an Abiotic, the mean of wilted shoots was 22.8 and severity of disease 17.6 which was the most effective compared with Copper sulphate treatment were wilted shoot was 31.8 and severity of disease 29.6. The application of tested chemical compounds as soil drench treatment led to a percentage of infection which ranged from16.4 to19.0 more effective than tuber treatment where the percentage of infection ranged from 18.4 to 20.1.
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Sarfo, NY, EW Cornelius, and SK Torkpo. "Greenhouse tomato farmers' knowledge, perceptions, and management of tomato bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) disease." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 24, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): 25537. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.127.22870.
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A major constraint to tomato cultivation is bacterial wilt disease. The use of greenhouses to cultivate tomato is vital to controlling the bacterial wilt disease. Bacterial wilt can be successfully managed when farmers are well-informed with better knowledge of bacterial wilt in tomatoes. This study was conducted to assess farmers’ knowledge and experiences on the cultivation practices, prevalence, detection, spread, and control of bacterial wilt disease in tomato in greenhouses in the Volta, Eastern, Central, and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. Questionnaires were administered for fifty (50) greenhouse farmers, purposefully selected using a database of greenhouse tomato producers in southern Ghana provided by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA). Frequency data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The majority (86%) of respondents had formal education. Most of the greenhouses in operation were in the Greater Accra Region, and none was under cultivation in the Volta region at the time of the study. Most respondents have been involved in greenhouse tomato cultivation for barely three years. The frequency of greenhouse tomatoes production varied from one region to the other. Only 28% of greenhouse farmers knew the test to detect the disease with 64% of greenhouse farmers without any knowledge about how the disease spreads. 62% of respondents used roughing and burying of the infected plants to control the disease. Out of the 54 greenhouses (domes) surveyed, 12 were infected with the bacterial wilt disease. Greenhouse farmers had little knowledge on the spread, detection, and control of the bacterial wilt disease of tomato. The findings of this study would lead to the design of targeted training programs on cultivation practices, detection, spread and management of bacterial wilt of tomato to increase yield and boost income levels of greenhouse tomato farmers in Ghana. Key words: bacterial wilt, tomatoes, spread, detection, control, greenhouse, farmers, constraints
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Wang, Beibei, Mingze Sun, Jinming Yang, Zongzhuan Shen, Yannan Ou, Lin Fu, Yan Zhao, Rong Li, Yunze Ruan, and Qirong Shen. "Inducing banana Fusarium wilt disease suppression through soil microbiome reshaping by pineapple–banana rotation combined with biofertilizer application." SOIL 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-17-2022.
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Abstract. Crop rotation and biofertilizer application have historically been employed as efficient management strategies for soil-borne disease suppression through soil microbiome manipulation. However, how this occurs and to what extent the combination of methods affects the microbiota reconstruction of diseased soil is unknown. In this study, pineapple–banana rotation combined with biofertilizer application was used to suppress banana Fusarium wilt disease, and the effects on both bacterial and fungal communities were investigated using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Our results showed that pineapple–banana rotation significantly reduced Fusarium wilt disease incidence and the application of biofertilizer caused additional suppression. Bacterial and fungal communities thrived using rotation combined with biofertilizer application: taxonomic and phylogenetic α diversity of both bacteria and fungi increased along with disease suppression. Between the two strategies, biofertilizer application predominantly affected both bacterial and fungal community composition compared to rotation. Burkholderia genus may have been attributed to the general wilt suppression for its change in network structure and high relative importance in linear models. Our results indicated that pineapple–banana rotation combined with biofertilizer application has strong potential for the sustainable management of banana Fusarium wilt disease.
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Rojas, Erika Saalau, Jean C. Batzer, Gwyn A. Beattie, Shelby J. Fleischer, Lori R. Shapiro, Mark A. Williams, Ricardo Bessin, et al. "Bacterial Wilt of Cucurbits: Resurrecting a Classic Pathosystem." Plant Disease 99, no. 5 (May 2015): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-14-1068-fe.
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Bacterial wilt threatens cucurbit crop production in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. The pathogen, Erwinia tracheiphila, is a xylem-limited bacterium that affects most commercially important cucurbit species, including muskmelon, cucumber, and squash. Bacterial wilt is transmitted and overwintered by striped and spotted cucumber beetles. Since there are few commercially available resistant cultivars, disease management usually relies on use of insecticides to suppress vector populations. Although bacterial wilt was initially described more than 100 years ago, our knowledge of disease ecology and epidemiology advanced slowly for most of the 20th century. However, a recent wave of research has begun to fill in missing pieces of the bacterial wilt puzzle. This article—the first review of research toward understanding the cucurbit bacterial wilt pathosystem—recounts early findings and updates our understanding of the disease cycle, including pathogen and vector biology. We also highlight research areas that could lead to more efficient and ecologically based management of bacterial wilt.
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Tessema, Gebrehanna Lemma, and Hussen Ebrahim Seid. "Potato bacterial wilt in Ethiopia: history, current status, and future perspectives." PeerJ 11 (January 18, 2023): e14661. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14661.
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Background Potato is an essential food staple and a critical tuber crop for rural livelihoods in Ethiopia, where many pathogenic pests are threatening production. Bacterial wilt, also known as brown rot of potato, ranks among the diseases that most affect many potato farmers in Ethiopia and the disease losses dramatically threatening the vibrant potato sector even in the highlands of the country where it has been uncommon so far. Methodology To devise a strategy towards boosting potato productivity in Ethiopia where food insecurity is most prevalent, production constraints should be investigated and properly addressed. Hence, we have used existing reviews and reports on the subjects, such as textbooks, and proceeding and conference abstracts in Plant Protection Society of Ethiopia; Web of Science; Google Scholar; Research Gate and CIP’s database to document most relevant information on the occurrence, distribution, and disease management of bacterial wilt in Ethiopia. Results Provision of comprehensive information on potato bacterial wilt occurrence, distribution, and management techniques are crucial for potato growers, researchers and stakeholders engaged on potato industry. In this review, we provided insights on the history, status, and future perspectives of potato bacterial wilt in Ethiopia. Conclusions Awareness of potato bacterial wilt and integrated disease management approaches could bring a fundamental impact to the farming community mostly to smallholder farmers in developing countries. This document compiled such imperative information targeting bacterial wilt management techniques to ensure food security.
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Nain, Y., AR Wasnikar, S. Verma, K. Choudhary, and K. Chand. "Response of seed endophytic bacteria for the management of chickpea wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 14 (October 5, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.58628/jae-2214-28.
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Vascular wilts are devastating plant diseases that can affect both annual crops as well as woody perennials, hence inducing major food losses and damaging valuable natural ecosystems. Because of ecological and economic reasons, the management of vascular wilt diseases by conventional chemical methods is raising concerns. More environmentally friendly alternatives such as the use of microbial antagonist to control phytopathogens are now of growing interest. The fact that bacterial endophytes are able to colonize an ecological niche similar to that of vascular wilt pathogens favours them as potential biocontrol agents against wilt diseases. Several possible disease suppression mechanisms of beneficial bacteria were proposed, among them induction of systemic resistance, growth promotion and competition. In this view, we studied out the seed endophytic bacteria (SEB) for the management of chickpea wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Among the treatment of seed entophytic bacterial isolate in SEB-5 was found highest germination percent (92% in JG 11), minimum mortality percent at pre and post–emergence (7.69 and 9.53% in JG 11 and JG 16, respectively). The minimum total mortality percent 17.82 % was found in JG 11 of SEB-5. The other seed entophytic bacterial isolate were found statistically at par with SEB-5. The minimum germination percent (78.5% in JG 62) as well as highest total mortality percent approximate 58% in JG 11 was found in T6 (treated control). Similarly, all the treatments of seed entophytic bacterial had higher root length and shoot length as compared to T6. Among the treatments the SEB-5 was found significantly highest by 23 cm in root length and 48 cm in shoot length as well as highest vigour index (6613) over the T6 in JG 11 variety. Among the varieties grown the JG 11 was perfumed better and found resistant and JG 62 was found susceptible to wilt. The treatment of seed endophytic bacterial isolate SEB-5, SEB-3, SEB-2, SEB-1 and SEB-4 was identified against wilt pathogen in reduce disease incidence, plant mortality and severity as well as promoting plant growth and health.
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Singh, T. H., DC Lakshmana Reddy, C. Anand Reddy, A. T. Sadashiva, P. Pandyaraj, and Y. B. Manoj. "Evaluation of Solanum species and eggplant cultivated varieties for bacterial wilt resistance." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2019.v14i01.004.
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major diseases in Solanum species including cultivated Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Bacterial wilt (BW) disease management in eggplant is difficult due to high survival rate of pathogen in soil and chemical application is not eco-friendly. The best way to avoid bacterial wilt in eggplant is using disease-resistant varieties. However, only a limited number of bacterial wilt resistant varieties are available and, there is a necessity to identify and/or develop new resistant varieties. In the current study, wild Solanum species, and eggplant cultivated varieties were evaluated against Ralstonia solanacearum, and disease incidence was recorded. The cultivated varieties IIHR-108, Pusa Purple Long and Rampur Local were identified as susceptible, whereas, IIHR-7 and CARI-1 were identified as resistant to bacterial wilt. These resistant wild and cultivated varieties can be used as a root-stock in bacterialwilt disease resistant breeding programmes.
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Singh, T. H., DC Lakshmana Reddy, C. Anand Reddy, A. T. Sadashiva, P. Pandyaraj, and Y. B. Manoj. "Evaluation of Solanum species and eggplant cultivated varieties for bacterial wilt resistance." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v14i1.713.
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major diseases in Solanum species including cultivated Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Bacterial wilt (BW) disease management in eggplant is difficult due to high survival rate of pathogen in soil and chemical application is not eco-friendly. The best way to avoid bacterial wilt in eggplant is using disease-resistant varieties. However, only a limited number of bacterial wilt resistant varieties are available and, there is a necessity to identify and/or develop new resistant varieties. In the current study, wild Solanum species, and eggplant cultivated varieties were evaluated against Ralstonia solanacearum, and disease incidence was recorded. The cultivated varieties IIHR-108, Pusa Purple Long and Rampur Local were identified as susceptible, whereas, IIHR-7 and CARI-1 were identified as resistant to bacterial wilt. These resistant wild and cultivated varieties can be used as a root-stock in bacterialwilt disease resistant breeding programmes.
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Gleena Mary, C. F., and Sally K. Mathew. "Efficacy of Lignophenolic Composts for the Management of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato." Journal of Biological Control 30, no. 1 (June 21, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbc/30/1/6460.
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Bacterial wilt is one of the most dreaded diseases in tomato growing areas all over the world. Though chemical control measures and resistance breeding offers certain degree of protection against wilt pathogen, both have their own limitations such as high cost, environmental impact, non target effect and development of resistance. Hence, biologically safe methods such as use of composts as soil amendments for wilt management was investigated in the present study which revealed the possibility of the use of ligno-phenolic composts in disease management. Among the five composts tested, application of ayurvedic compost at 45 days after planting was found to be the most effective with lowest wilt incidence of 6.94 per cent against 36.10 per cent in control, with 80.77 per cent disease reduction. At 60 DAP, same trend was noticed with minimum disease incidence in ayurvedic compost (13.88 %) which was on par with full basal application of leaf litter compost (15.27 %), and coir pith compost (16.66 %) with 86.79 to 60.02 per cent reduction of wilt incidence. In case of yield, among the different composts, split and basal application of ayurvedic compost recorded highest yield of 8.9 kg/6.48 m<sup>2</sup>.
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Harmon, Philip F., Carrie Harmon, and Dave Norman. "Bacterial Wilt of Southern Highbush Blueberry Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum." EDIS 2016, no. 9 (November 9, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp332-2016.
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Bacterial wilt is a newly discovered disease of blueberry in Florida. Plants with bacterial wilt will show signs of water stress such as wilting and marginal leaf burn. The disease was initially confirmed on three farms in Florida. This 3-page fact sheet describes the symptoms, occurrence, and management of bacterial wilt in blueberry. Written by Philip F. Harmon, Carrie Harmon, and Dave Norman, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, November 2016. PP332/PP332: Bacterial Wilt of Southern Highbush Blueberry Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (ufl.edu)
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Ali, Subhan, Rabia Rasheed, Muzamil Qazi, Umair Rafiq, and Hira Akhtar. "Enhancing rhizosphere bacterial activity against bacterial wilt of tomato (Ralstonia solanacearum) using biochar." Journal of Agriculture and Biology 1, no. 2 (September 23, 2023): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/agribiol.001.02.0651.
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Tomato is a plant of tropical origin and belonging to the Solanaceae family, and it provides the body with dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins, and essential proteins. It is grown globally, and its production is prone to bacterial wilt, which is caused by the disease agent Ralstonia solanacearum. Bacterial wilt can result in substantial damage to tomato production, leading to losses in yield and economic losses to farmers. The rhizosphere, which is the part of soil where plants penetrate their roots deeply in contact with the soil, contains many microorganisms that generate metabolites that act as chemical signals for motile bacteria to migrate to the surface of the roots and fix nitrogen for plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to explore biochar in the management of bacterial wilt of tomato disease caused by R. solanacearum. The experiment consisted of three parts to discern effects of different isolates of R. solanacearum, the influence of biochar with various concentrations on plant height and fruit yield, and the effects of biochar amendment with rhizosphere bacteria on plant height, fruit and disease. The result indicated that the most aggressive R. solanacearum was isolated from Chiniot district, and the 1 % biochar concentration exhibited the highest value when the plant height, the number of fruits, and the disease reduction were considered. Biochar can supplement the population of rhizosphere anti quorum quenching bacteria against R. solanacearum.
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Atiq, Muhammad. "CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM CAUSING BACTERIAL WILT OF TOMATO." Agricultural Sciences Journal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.166.
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Bacterial wilt is an important disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes 90% yield losses. The present research was done to evaluate the effect of different chemicals against bacterial wilt of tomato. By using inhibition zone technique, five chemicals (Oxyrich, Forum top, Electus Super, Cabriotop and Kocide) at three different concentrations (250, 300 and 350 ppm) along with control were evaluated against R. solanacearum under lab conditions with Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Among all the treatments, maximum inhibition zone was expressed by Oxyrich (20.687mm). Under field conditions using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Oxyrich and kocide were evaluated alone and in combination at three different concentrations (2, 2.5 and 3%) along with control. Among these treatments, maximum reduction in disease incidence was expressed by combination of Oxyrich + Kocide (18.38%). Difference among treatments was observed using least significant difference (LSD) at probability level of 0.05%. It is concluded that identification of different chemicals will be helpful in future studies for the management of bacterial wilt disease of tomato.
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Wu, Sixuan, Hao Su, Fuyun Gao, Huaiying Yao, Xuelian Fan, Xiaolei Zhao, and Yaying Li. "An Insight into the Prevention and Control Methods for Bacterial Wilt Disease in Tomato Plants." Agronomy 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2023): 3025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123025.
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Continuous cropping is the primary cultivation method in Chinese facility agriculture, and the challenge of it stands as a global issue in soil remediation. Growing tomatoes continuously on the same plot for an extended period can result in outbreaks of tomato bacterial wilt. It is caused by the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, a widespread plant pathogen that inflicts considerable damage on economically significant crops worldwide. Simultaneously, this plant pathogen proves extremely resilient, as it can adhere to plant residues and persist through the winter, continuing to infect plants in subsequent years. Scientists have dedicated considerable efforts towards finding effective methods to manage this disease. This article delineates the characteristics of tomato bacterial wilt and the various types of pathogenic bacteria involved. It systematically reviews the progress in research aimed at controlling tomato bacterial wilt, encompassing both physical and biological aspects concerning soil and plants. Emphasis is placed on the principles and current applications of these control measures, alongside proposed improvements to address their limitations. It is anticipated that the future of tomato bacterial wilt control will revolve around the development of a novel environmental protection system and efficient control strategies, focusing on microecological management and enhancing tomato resistance against bacterial wilt through breeding.
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Morante-Carriel, Jaime, Marlon Vera-Carranza, Carlos Belezaca-Pinargote, Mercedes Carranza-Patiño, and Robinson J. Herrera-Feijoo. "Microorganisms associated with bacterial wilt disease in Dendrocalamus asper (Giant Bamboo) from Ecuador." Bionatura Journal 1 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2024.09.01.32.
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Dendrocalamus asper (Bamboo) is an essential component of forest ecosystems, whose health and survival are intrinsically linked to complex interactions with its microbiome. This study focuses on the pathogenic dynamics between the fungi Arthrinium spp. and Erwinia spp. Bacteria and their impact in the shoots wilting and culm rot in bamboo. Through humid chamber induction methods and selective cultivation techniques, pathogenic strains that significantly affect the regeneration and propagation of bamboo were identified and isolated. The investigation revealed a pathogenic synergy resulting in a high prevalence of diseases, 97% of the shoots evaluated showed signs of deterioration. Morphological identification challenged conventional techniques due to the variability of Arthrinium spp—conidia, suggesting the need for more specific identification methods. The findings suggest that regulating soil pH and using beneficial biofilms could be promising strategies to mitigate bacterial infection. This study highlights the importance of sustainable management and in-depth knowledge of microbial ecology for integrated disease management in bamboo ecosystems. Understanding these microbial interactions is crucial for developing effective control strategies and long-term conservation of these vital ecosystems. Keywords: Dendrocalamus asper, Arthrinium spp., Erwinia spp., bacterial wilt, disease management
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Suchoff, David H., Frank J. Louws, and Christopher C. Gunter. "Yield and Disease Resistance for Three Bacterial Wilt-resistant Tomato Rootstocks." HortTechnology 29, no. 3 (June 2019): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04318-19.
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Interest and use of grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the United States continues to grow. Pioneered in Asia, herbaceous grafting is a commonly used cultural practice to manage many soilborne pathogens. Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, is an aggressive soilborne pathogen that affects tomato grown in the southeastern United States. Traditional fumigation methods have limited effectiveness in the management of this pathogen. The present study was conducted to compare the bacterial wilt resistance of three commercially available tomato rootstocks, which are purported to be resistant to bacterial wilt: ‘Cheong Gang’, ‘RST-04-106-T’, and ‘Shield’. The determinate hybrid tomato ‘Red Mountain’, which is susceptible to bacterial wilt, was used as the scion and nongrafted control. Three locations were used over 2 years in North Carolina: an on-farm site with a history of bacterial wilt and two North Carolina Department of Agriculture Research Stations with no recent history of bacterial wilt. No disease symptoms were observed in any of the three grafted treatments, whereas the nongrafted controls showed between 30% and 80% disease incidence at the on-farm location. The resultant rootstock-imparted resistance improved marketable yields by between 88% and 125% compared with the nongrafted plants. When grown in locations lacking BW there were no yield benefits to grafting with any of the three rootstocks.
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Sood, Deepika, Amit Sharma, and Monica Sharma. "Prevalence and Epidemiology of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato." International Journal of Economic Plants 9, Nov, 4 (November 20, 2022): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0469c.
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The present investigation was carried out during 2017 at the Department of Plant Pathology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. The objective of the study was to understand the prevalence of bacterial wilt of tomato as influenced by the edaphic factors. Periodic survey were undertaken during the crop season in major tomato growing regions and incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato ranged from 10.00% to 84.02%. 20 days old tomato seedlings were inoculated with bacterial suspension (3x108 cfu/ml) either through root dip or drenching and kept in green house with temperature 30+2°C. Inoculation of bacterial pathogen R. solanacearum in through seedling root dip in bacterial suspension was found better compared to drench application for development of typical symptoms of bacterial wilt disease. There was 100% disease incidence with seedling root dip method compared to 68.74% disease incidence with drenching of bacterial suspension in soil. Epidemiological studies of R. solanacearum revealed that with the increase in soil moisture from 40% to 90%and soil temperature from 25° to 35°, there was a progressive increase in disease incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato seedlings. Maximum disease incidence was observed at 30–35°C and at 90% soil moisture. However, no disease was observed at 20°C and at 20% and 30% soil moisture. The finding on epidemiology from the present study will be helpful to design effective disease management strategy.
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Kim, Hyeon Ji, Su Min Kim, Yeon Hwa Kim, Jeong Hoon Park, Dong Ki Kang, Jae Gill Yun, Ryoung Shin, and Jeum Kyu Hong. "Reduced Tomato Bacterial Wilt by Ferrous Chloride Application." Research in Plant Disease 29, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.1.82.
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Exogenous ferrous chloride (FeCl<sub>2</sub>) suppressed in vitro growth of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, causing bacteria for tomato bacterial wilt. More than 50 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> reduced the in vitro bacterial growth in dosedependent manners. Two to 200 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> did not affect the fresh weight of detached tomato leaves at 3 and 5 days after the petiole dipping without the bacterial inoculation. The bacterial wilt of the detached tomato leaves was evaluated by inoculating two different inoculum densities of R. pseudosolanacearum (10<sup>5</sup> and 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/ml) in the presence of FeCl<sub>2</sub>. Bacterial wilt in the detached leaves by 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml was efficiently attenuated by 10–200 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi), but bacterial wilt by 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/ml was only reduced by 200 μM of FeCl<sub>2</sub> at 3 and 5 dpi. These results suggest that iron nutrients can be included in the integrated disease management of tomato bacterial wilt.
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Guo, Jing, Xiaofei Gong, Shuisheng Yu, Boliang Wei, Liying Chu, Jinliang Liu, Xiaoyong He, and Mingjian Yu. "Responses of Soil Microbial Diversity to Forest Management Practices after Pine Wilt Disease Infection." Forests 14, no. 5 (April 22, 2023): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050862.
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Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a serious threat to coniferous forests worldwide. However, little is known about how soil microbial diversity responds to PWD and associated management practices. We investigated the community composition and diversity of bacteria and fungi in bulk and rhizosphere soil of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) forests following 0, 1, and 5 year PWD, with the dead pine in a certain plot being either managed (logged and removed from the plot) or unmanaged (maintained as standing dead wood). Both bacterial and fungal alpha diversity decrease after 5 year PWD and logging, with response degree being different between site locations. Alpha diversity of rhizosphere fungi, rather than bacteria, significantly decreases with the disease and logging. We observe an increase in the relative amount of bacterial functional groups involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism after PWD infection and logging practice. With the disease infection, the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi decreases, while the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi increases. Compared with logging treatment, unmanaged practice had a weaker effect on soil microbial communities. Our findings provide new insights into the short-term responses of soil microbial diversity to management practices after PWD infection.
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McAvoy, Theodore, Joshua H. Freeman, Steven L. Rideout, Stephen M. Olson, and Mathews L. Paret. "Evaluation of Grafting Using Hybrid Rootstocks for Management of Bacterial Wilt in Field Tomato Production." HortScience 47, no. 5 (May 2012): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.5.621.
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Seven hybrid tomato rootstocks with possible resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and a known resistant cultivar were tested as grafting rootstocks to impart resistance to a bacterial wilt-susceptible cultivar, BHN 602. Greenhouse studies showed resistance of all the rootstocks to bacterial wilt. The disease incidence and yield of ‘BHN 602’ grafted to these rootstocks were evaluated in open-field tomato production in Florida and Virginia over four seasons. Significant differences in bacterial wilt incidence were observed between grafted entries in three of the four trials. In these three trials, grafted entries consistently exhibited the least bacterial wilt incidence compared with the controls; the self-graft, and non-grafted entries. Over all the trials, tomato plants grafted onto ‘Cheong Gang’, ‘BHN 1054’, and ‘BHN 998’ displayed the least bacterial wilt incidence. Rootstocks had a significant effect on total marketable yield in all the trials with certain grafted entries yielding significantly greater than non-grafted ‘BHN 602’. Field studies show that grafting holds promise for decreasing the impact of bacterial wilt on tomato cultivars as well as increasing the overall productivity of tomato cultivars.
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Faruk, MI, MM Islam, F. Khatun, MA Hossain, and TK Dey. "Integrated management of bacterial wilt and root knot nematode of brinjal." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v44i3.43476.
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The field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Hathazari, Chattagram to find out the efficacy of integration of poultry refuse (PR) with stable bleaching powder (SBP) or CaNO3 and Furadan 5G for the management of bacterial wilt (Ralstoniasolanacearum) and root-knot nematode disease (Meloidogyne incognita) of brinjal. Soil was treated with PR @ 3 t/ha 3 weeks before transplanting, stable bleaching powder @ 20 kg/ha during final land preparation and Furadan 5G @ 20 kg/ha on the day of seedlings transplanting while CaNO3 was used as soil drenching 10 days after seedling transplanting. Results showed that integration of poultry refuse with Furadan 5G and stable bleaching powder or CaNO3 reduced root-knot and bacterial wilt diseases and increased plant growth as well as yield of brinjal. The most effective treatment combination was PR + stable bleaching powder + Furadan 5G with early sowing, followed by PR + CaNO3 + Furadan 5G with early sowing for the management of bacterial wilt and root knot nematode diseases and increasing plant growth and yield of brinjal. The technology, poultry refuse+ stable bleaching powder + Furadan 5G was validated at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Regional Agricultural Research Station of Jessore, Hathazari and Jamalpur and also at Agricultural Research Station and farmers field at Burirhat, Rangpur and OFRD farm at Alamnagar, Rangpur. The validation trials showed that integration of poultry refuse + stable bleaching powder+ Furadan 5G in early sowing was an effective management package of bacterial wilt and root knot nematode diseases of brinjal which also offered 21.81 to 25.98% higher yield over the conventional practices.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 427-437, September 2019
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Han, Gil, Mohamed Mannaa, Namgyu Kim, Hee Won Jeon, Hyejung Jung, Hyun-Hee Lee, Junheon Kim, et al. "Response of Pine Rhizosphere Microbiota to Foliar Treatment with Resistance-Inducing Bacteria against Pine Wilt Disease." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040688.
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In this study, two bacterial strains, IRP7 and IRP8, were selected to induce resistance against pine wilt disease (PWD). Foliar application with these strains to nematode-inoculated pine seedlings significantly reduced PWD severity. The effect of nematode inoculation and bacterial treatment on the rhizosphere bacterial community was investigated. The results indicated that the rhizosphere of nematode-inoculated seedlings contained a lower relative abundance of beneficial microbes such as Paraburkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobacter, Lysobacter, and Caballeronia. Bacterial treatment resulted in significant changes in the microbes that were represented in relatively low relative abundance. Treatment with IRP7 resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Nitrospirillum, Bacillus, and Luteibacter, which might be useful for protection against infection. Treatment with IRP8 resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of obligate bacterial predators of the Bdellovibrio genus that were previously shown to control several bacterial phytopathogens and may have a role in the management of nematode-carried bacteria. The selected bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis IRP7 and Lysobacter enzymogenes IRP8 and are suggested as a potential treatment for induced resistance against PWD. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of foliar treatment with resistance-inducing bacteria on the rhizosphere microbiota.
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Kunwar, Sanju, Fanny Iriarte, Qiurong Fan, Eduardo Evaristo da Silva, Laura Ritchie, Nghi Song Nguyen, Joshua H. Freeman, et al. "Transgenic Expression of EFR and Bs2 Genes for Field Management of Bacterial Wilt and Bacterial Spot of Tomato." Phytopathology® 108, no. 12 (December 2018): 1402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-17-0424-r.
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Field trials were conducted at two locations in Florida to evaluate transgenic tomato expressing the ELONGATION FACTOR TU RECEPTOR (EFR) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, the Bs2 gene from pepper, or both Bs2 and EFR (Bs2/EFR) for managing bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas perforans. Expression of EFR or Bs2/EFR in the susceptible genotype Fla. 8000 significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence (50 to 100%) and increased total yield (57 to 114%) relative to lines expressing only Bs2 or the nontransformed Fla. 8000 control, although the marketable yield was not significantly affected. Following harvest, surviving symptomatic and nonsymptomatic plants were assessed for colonization by R. solanacearum. There were no significant differences in the population at the lower stem. Interestingly, in the middle stem, no bacteria could be recovered from EFR or Bs2/EFR lines but viable bacterial populations were recovered from Bs2 and nontransformed control lines at 102 to 105 CFU/g of stem tissue. In growth-chamber experiments, the EFR transgenic tomato lines were found to be effective against seven different R. solanacearum strains isolated from the southeastern United States, indicating utility across the southeastern United States. In all of the bacterial spot trials, EFR and Bs2/EFR lines had significantly reduced disease severity (22 to 98%) compared with the Fla. 8000 control. The marketable and total yield of Bs2/EFR were significantly higher (43 to 170%) than Fla. 8000 control in three of four field trials. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of using the EFR gene for field management of bacterial wilt and bacterial spot diseases of tomato.
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Kurabachew, Henok, and Getachew Ayana. "Bacterial Wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Ethiopia: StatusaAnd Management Approaches: A Review." International Journal of Phytopathology 5, no. 3 (May 19, 2017): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.005.03.1829.
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating plant diseases of economically important crops mainly Solanaceous family such as tomato, potato, pepper and eggplant. These crops play a significant role primarily as sources of income and food security for the small scale farming community in Ethiopia. The occurrence of bacterial wilt disease in Ethiopia was reported in 1956 and is known to cause significant yield loss on different Solanaceous crops in different parts of the country. On the basis of conventional characterization and classification, the strains of R. solanacearum found in Ethiopia have been identified as biovar 1 and 2. Recent characterization of R. solanacearum strains based on phylotype grouping using multiplex PCR and partial endoglucanase gene sequencing identified the occurrences of phylotype II and III. The association of biovar and phylotyping schemes indicated that phylotype II comprises only biovar 2, and phylotype III comprises strains of biovar 1 and biovar 2. The importance of the disease on Solanaceous crop is increasing from time to time specially in potato producing areas of the country. Apart from Solanaceous crops, the disease has also been posing a catastrophic damage to ginger production. Latently infected ginger rhizomes and potato seed tuber and decreasing of land holdings that limit crop rotation have contributed to the wider spread of the disease. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important disease in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future considerations. Because, there is no single effective control measure against the target pathogen so far, a well-coordinated effort is required to develop an integrated disease management program that will help to minimize the damage and yield loss caused by the disease.
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PK, Nischay, Naresh Ponnam, Gobinda Chandra Acharya, Satyaprakash Barik, Sandeep V, Meenu Kumari, Srinivas P, and Gouri Shankar Sahoo. "Identification of potential chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) accession as a rootstock for managing bacterial wilt disease in bell pepper." Vegetable Science 48, no. 02 (December 27, 2021): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2021.v48.i2.20.
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Bacterial wilt caused due to Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is pervasive across the major pepper growing parts of world and impede production. It is reported that 30-100% yield losses in crops was due to bacterial wilt (James et al. 2003). Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is highly heterogeneous bacterial pathogen cause wilting of important crops (Smith et al. 1995). These pathogen propagules remain viable and active in soil for several years making the control almost impossible through any means of cultural management like crop rotation, involvement of biological agents as well as chemical treatments especially in the regions where repeated and protected cultivation is undertaken (Thakur et al. 2014). Bell pepper is highly susceptible to bacterial wilt, which is a major constraint for growing bell pepper in bacterial wilt endemic areas and protected cultivation. Chemical management often leads to the presence of toxic residues in the fruits, thus raises the concern of food safety and reduces the export potential. Incorporation of bacterial wilt resistance genes into bell pepper background takes longer time.
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Jibat, Merga, and Shamil Alo. "Management of ginger bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) epidemics by biofumigation at Tepi, southwestern Ethiopia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 37, no. 1 (2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif2201021j.
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Bacterial wilt of ginger, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most damaging disease, which brings rapid and serious wilting, and reduces the quality and yield of ginger rhizome in Ethiopia. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different biofumigants on bacterial wilt in Ethiopia during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. The experiments were conducted at the Tepi Agricultural Research Center. Different biofumigation soil amendments (citronella, palmarosa, mint, lemongrass and Chinese chive) were applied before planting. The trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Examination of variance showed that soil amendments with biofumigants strongly decreased bacterial wilt severity and improved rhizome yield and components. Rhizome yield gains of about 90.2% were achieved by soil biofumigation with lemongrass, as compared to untreated control. The relative mean rhizome yield damage due to bacterial wilt in the control plot was 47.4%. Wilt severity was inversely and very significantly (p ?0.01) proportional (r = -0.90) to rhizome yield. The overall results of the study show that soil amendments with botanicals, particularly lemongrass, before planting should be used to manage ginger bacterial wilt in experimental areas and further similar agro-ecologies.
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Zheng, Cong, Wei Li, Yang Zhou, Zhiwen Zhu, and Xiaozong Wu. "Physiochemical Properties and Microflora of the Rhizosphere Soil of Tobacco Plants with and without Bacterial Wilt." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043661.
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Bacterial wilt is a destructive soilborne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, posing a severe threat to plants in the Solanaceae family. It impacts on tobacco productivity worldwide. This study was conducted to analyze the changes in the soil’s physical and chemical properties, the number of microbes, and the bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere soil before and after the wilt disease. The rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased tobacco plants was collected from Pucheng, Nanping, Fujian Province, Southern China. The results revealed significant differences in the trends of physical and chemical properties of the soil of healthy and diseased plants. The soil pH, available potassium (K), available phosphorous (P), and organic matter contents (SOM) were lower in the rhizosphere soil for healthy plants than for pre-diseased plants (HW). Only the available P, among all physical and chemical properties in the rhizosphere of diseased plants (HS), was significantly lower than those for pre-diseased plants (HW), changing from 149.59 mg/kg to 59.19 mg/kg. The order of numbers of the three main microbes in the rhizosphere soil for healthy plants (HC) and pre-diseased plants was the following: bacteria > actinomycetes > fungi. The number of actinomycetes in the soil of the diseased tobacco plants increased significantly. A comparison of the rhizosphere soil of diseased and healthy tobacco plants showed that the relative abundance of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of the pathogenic tobacco plants changed significantly. The community diversity was increased, and the Pseudomonadaceae, to which the bacterial pathogen of bacterial wilt belonged, rose to a certain extent. Both pre-diseased and healthy plants showed changes in the physical and chemical properties, microbial quantity, and microbial diversity, thus proving that tobacco disease was closely related to the soil’s ecological environment.
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Biswal, G., and N. K. Dhal. "Management of bacterial wilt disease of potato in coastal plains of Odisha." African Journal of Microbiology Research 12, no. 12 (March 28, 2018): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2017.8714.
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Adebayo, O. S., A. A. Kintomo, and H. Y. Fadamiro. "Control of Bacterial Wilt Disease of Tomato Through Integrated Crop Management Strategies." International Journal of Vegetable Science 15, no. 2 (March 11, 2009): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260802508283.
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Gabrekiristos, Endriyas, and Tola Demiyo. "Hot Pepper Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici): Epidemics, Characteristic Features and Management Options." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 10 (September 15, 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n10p347.
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the important cash crops to Ethiopian smallholder farmers and an important agricultural commodity which contribute to export earnings. In Ethiopia, this high value crop is constrained by powdery mildew, Phytophthora leaf blight, Fusarium wilt, bacterial leaf spot, bacterial wilt, bacterial soft rot and pepper motile virus. Among this diseases, wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (FOC) is one of the major pathogen that constrained production and productivity of hot pepper in Ethiopia mainly the Central Rift valley. In Ethiopia, hot pepper fusarium wilt is reported in all production regions in different magnitude. The highest wilt incidence due to fusarium is 90% in some Farmers association of Alaba districts in South Nation Nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia. The economic yield losses due to Fusarium wilt has been estimated at 68 to 71%. Infection and disease development in Fusarium wilt is favored by warm soil temperature, low soil moisture, susceptible host, virulent pathogen and 5.0 to 6.0 pH levels; are some of epidemic factors. Fusarium is reproduced by sexually by teleomorphs and asexually by microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospore. From the Central rift valley of Ethiopia, 49 FOC isolates were identified based on micro and macroscopic characteristics and the isolate having pink colony color, 3-5 septa forming conidia on potato dextrose agar, perform the most pathogenic ability to Mareko Fana Variety. This pathogen has an over wintering stage called chlamydospore which can exist in the soil for more than ten years without the host. Hot pepper fusarium wilt can be managed by host resistance, biological agent, botanicals and fungicide. In Ethiopia, pepper screening for resistant source, in vitro evaluation of bioagents and fungicides were done. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important crop, hot pepper fusarium wilt and associated factors in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future prospects.
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Krasnow, Charles, and David Norman. "Efficacy of PostivaTM for Management of Bacterial Diseases of Ornamental Crops." Applied Microbiology 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol2020022.
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Pathogen management commonly includes environmental regulation and sanitization. There are limited numbers of effective registered bactericides. In 3 years of greenhouse trials, PostivaTM, a premix of pydiflumetofen (6.9%) and difenoconazole (11.5%), was tested for activity against xanthomonas leafspot of geranium, zinnia, ficus and bacterial wilt of geranium caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. PostivaTM applied at 0.73–1.5 L/ha significantly reduced disease incidence and/or severity on each crop tested. PostivaTM applications were similar (p = 0.05) to commercially available standards on geranium, zinnia and ficus. PostivaTM (0.73 L/ha) reduced incidence and severity of bacterial wilt similar to that observed with applications of Cease® (9.35 L/ha). PostivaTM may be beneficial in an integrated disease management program to control bacterial diseases. PostivaTM is highly promising as a rotation option to reduce the buildup of bacterial populations resistant to copper compounds and antibiotics that are frequently used in the industry.
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Karim, Z., and MS Hossain. "Management of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) of potato: focus on natural bioactive compounds." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 4, no. 1 (August 18, 2018): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v4i1.37879.
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The bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an extremely destructive soil borne bacterial pathogen to potato. It appeared as rapid and fatal wilting symptoms in the host. The pathogen entered through different wounds and easily disseminated via infected biological material, soil, contaminated irrigation water, surface water, farm equipment etc. and could survive for many years in association with alternate hosts. It is a widely distributed and very much diversified soil borne pathogen having an unusually broad host range with long-term survivable ability. Direct yield losses caused by the pathogen varied from 30 to 90% depending on different factors such as cultivar, weather factors, soil type, cropping pattern and strain etc. Bacterial wilt continued to be an economically serious problem for field-grown potatoes in many tropical, subtropical and warmer areas of the world including Bangladesh. But the effectiveness of conventional management is limited because of some special biological features of the bacteria. Mostly protective methods and chemical control remain ineffective, antibiotics show hardly any effect, and efficacious biocontrol method has yet to be developed against the organism. However, during the recent decades, some natural bioactive compounds, viz. propolis, honey, turmeric, magnesium chloride, cow dung, aromatic rice extract, iodine, sodium bicarbonate etc. have got attention for their effectiveness in inhibiting a range of serious bacterial pathogens from both Gram positive and Gram negative types. As no conventional method has been found effective alone, such compounds could be tested for their effectiveness against the very successful soil borne bacteria to overcome the traditional management limitations.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 73-92
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Jibat, Merga, and Mulukan Asfaw. "Compost enriched with effective microorganism and bordeaux mixture on ginger bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanaceurum) epidemics in southwestern, Ethiopia." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 12, no. 1 (August 23, 2022): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v12i1.61034.
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Ginger is one of the most widely distributed spices grown in various cropping systems and locations throughout the southwestern Ethiopia. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the serious diseases of ginger in Ethiopia. Field experiments were conducted during 2019 and 2020 to assess effects of soil amendments on bacterial wilt development and epidemics at Tepi, Ethiopia. Three soil amendments practices: compost, effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture alone and in integration were evaluated. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Compost at the rate of 7 ton ha-1 enriched with effective and Bordeaux mixture treatment significantly reduced ginger bacterial wilt severity, AUDPC and disease progress rate. This treatment reduced bacterial wilt mean severity by up to 21.08% as compared to untreated control plot. Compost at the rate of 7 ton ha-1 application also slowed down epidemic progression of bacterial wilt and significantly reduced the disease parameters when integrated effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture. The overall results indicated that integrated compost enriched with effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture was effective to slow down the epidemics of bacterial wilt and to sustain ginger production and productivity. Hence, integrated compost enriched with effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture along with other crop management systems are recommended for improved ginger production and productivity. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 72-78, June 2022
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Wang, Sai, Zhanbing Bai, Zhuo Zhang, Jingjing Bi, Enzhao Wang, Miaomiao Sun, Bismark Asante-Badu, et al. "Organic or Inorganic Amendments Influence Microbial Community in Rhizosphere and Decreases the Incidence of Tomato Bacterial Wilt." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123029.
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There are many kinds of soil amendments that consist of different materials. The soil amendment is usually of benefit to plant health. However, the effects of the soil amendments on plant disease have rarely been compared and the involved mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the influences of five contrasting soil amendments (i.e., potassium silicate (PS), calcium silicate (CS), biochar (BC), calcium silicate humic acid (SCHA), and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF)) on tomato bacterial wilt. In addition, we dissected the mechanism with high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that BC, SCHA, and BOF significantly reduced the incidence and delayed the disease, while BOF significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt disease in the whole tomato growing period. In the early stage of the disease, BC, SCHA, and BOF significantly reduced the soil pH compared to CK. However, the contents of soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N were significantly increased. Some beneficial bacteria genera (Burkholderia, Mortierella, and Trichoderma) had a certain correlation with the incidence. Burkholderia and Mortierella were negatively associated with morbidity, but Trichoderma was positively associated with morbidity. Particularly, the Spearman correlation and the least partial squares path analysis indicated that Trichoderma was significantly positively correlated with the disease incidence, the soil physicochemical properties, and the numbers of soil pathogens (NSP) were significantly positively correlated with the number of root pathogens (NRP) and the physicochemical properties of plants were negatively correlated with the disease incidence. Moreover, BOF had better inhibitory effect on the occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt. Our results have implications for the better integrated management of tomato bacterial wilt.
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Guji, Merga Jibat, and Abukiya Getu Baliher. "Management of Ginger Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) Epidemics through Soil Solarization and Botanical Mulch at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia." Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal 5, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37637/ab.v5i3.935.
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Ginger is a valuable revenue crop for Ethiopian farmers in many sections of the country. In Ethiopia, bacterial wilt disease is a serious constraint to ginger output. Heavy losses are common as a result of the disease, with extra losses happening as a result of the disease's boundaries, which prevent continued production in infested areas. To investigate the impact of soil solarization and botanical mulch on epidemics of bacterial wilt of ginger in Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia, field studies were done throughout the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. Four different soil solarization periods were used: two weeks, four weeks, six weeks, and eight weeks before planting, with four different botanical mulches: vetivar grass, lemon grass, Chinese chive, and lantana camara added after planting. The control plots were not solarized nor mulched. Treatments were placed in factorial arrangements with three replications using a randomized full block design. In comparison to the control, soil solarization combined with lemon grass mulch treatment dramatically reduced bacterial wilt mean severity by 22.1 percent to 42.2 percent. These treatments also significantly lowered the rate of AUDPC and disease progression. When compared to control, soil solarization for eight weeks combined with lemon grass mulch resulted in the lowest disease severity (42.2%) and AUDPC (33.8%). Overall, the findings of this study showed that using a mixture of soil solarization and botanical mulches to slow down bacterial wilt outbreaks and recover ginger production and productivity, along with other crop management strategies, was effective.
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Anith, K. N., M. T. Momol, J. W. Kloepper, J. J. Marois, S. M. Olson, and J. B. Jones. "Efficacy of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, and Soil Amendment for Integrated Management of Bacterial Wilt on Tomato." Plant Disease 88, no. 6 (June 2004): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.6.669.
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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; Bacillus pumilus SE 34, Pseudomonas putida 89B61, BioYield, and Equity), acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard), and a soil amendment with S-H mixture (contains agricultural and industrial wastes such as bagasse, rice husk, oyster shell powder, urea, potassium nitrate, calcium super phosphate, and mineral ash) on bacterial wilt incidence caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (race 1, biovar 1) in susceptible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Solar Set). In experiments with PGPR, Pseudomonas putida 89B61 significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence when applied to the transplants at the time of seeding and 1 week prior to inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum. BioYield, a formulated PGPR that contained two Bacillus strains, decreased disease significantly in three experiments. Equity, a formulation containing more than 40 different microbial strains, did not reduced wilt incidence compared with the untreated control. With inoculum at low pathogen densities of 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 CFU/ml, disease incidence of Actigard-treated plants was significantly less than with nontreated plants. This is the first report of Actigard-mediated reduction of bacterial wilt incidence in a susceptible tomato cultivar. When PGPR and Actigard applications were combined, Actigard plus P. putida 89B61 or BioYield reduced bacterial wilt incidence compared with the untreated control. Incorporation of S-H mixture into infested soil 2 weeks before transplanting reduced bacterial wilt incidence in one experiment. Combination of Actigard with the S-H mixture significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence in tomato in two experiments.
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Rivard, Cary L., and Frank J. Louws. "Grafting to Manage Soilborne Diseases in Heirloom Tomato Production." HortScience 43, no. 7 (December 2008): 2104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2104.
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Organic heirloom tomato production is limited in the southeastern United States by foliar and soilborne diseases, thermal stress, and weathered soil structure. Heirloom cultivars command a premium market, but tolerance to disease and abiotic stress is often poor. Organic growers need research that supports the advantages of market niches afforded by heirloom tomatoes through the development of integrated systems to manage pests and reduce risks of associated crop losses or low yields. Two major soilborne diseases common in the southeast, bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) and fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici), were effectively managed using susceptible heirloom scions grafted onto resistant rootstock. In naturally infested soil, bacterial wilt incidence for nongrafted ‘German Johnson’ was 79% and 75% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. ‘German Johnson’ showed no symptoms of bacterial wilt in either year when grafted onto the resistant genotypes CRA 66 or Hawaii 7996. Fusarium wilt incidence was 46% and 50%, respectively, in nongrafted and self-grafted ‘German Johnson’ controls. When ‘Maxifort’ rootstock was grafted with ‘German Johnson’, no symptoms of fusarium wilt were seen, and plants with ‘Robusta’ rootstock had an intermediate level of disease (29%). An evaluation of commercially available rootstock was carried out in three separate experiments in diverse organic production systems to determine yield impacts with low disease pressure. ‘Maxifort’ rootstock significantly increased yield in one location (P = 0.05), but ‘Maxifort’ and ‘Robusta’ rootstock did not consistently impact yield at the other two locations. Grafting is an effective management tool for organic growers in the southeast United States to reduce risk of crop loss resulting from soilborne diseases and will be a valuable component in an integrated pest management program.
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Din, Naseerud, Musharaf Ahmad, Muhammad Siddique, Asad Ali, Ishrat Naz, Najeeb Ullah, and Fayaz Ahmad. "Phytobiocidal management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): e1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016143-9012.
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Phytobiocides are a good alternative to chemicals in managing bacterial diseases including bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In the present research study, finely ground dried powders of seven widely available medicinal plants/weeds species viz., Peganum harmala (esfand or wild rue), Calotropis procera (sodom apple), Melia azedarach (white cedar), Allium sativum (garlic), Adhatoda vasica (malabar nut), Tagetes patula (marigold) and Nerium oleander (oleander) were assessed for their anti-microbial activity, both in-vitro (10% w/v) and in-vivo (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg of potted soil) against R. solanacearum. Aqueous extracts (prepared as 10% w/v, soaking for 48-72 h and filtering) of C. procera, A. vasica, and T. patula inhibited the in-vitro growth of the bacterial pathogen over 60% of that produced by the standard antibiotic streptomycin. A. sativum, N. oleander and P. harmala aqueous extracts were less effective while M. azedarach showed no effect against R. solanacearum. The higher dose (40 g/kg of soil) of C. procera, A. vasica and T. patula decreased disease severity quite effectively and increased yield and plant growth characters as much as the standard antibiotic did. No phytotoxicity of medicinal plants powder was observed on tomato plants. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids were detected in the aqueous extracts of T. patula and A. vasica whereas C. procera was found to have only alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Our data suggest that dried powders of T. patula, C. procera and A. vasica (40 g/kg of soil) could be used as an effective component in the integrated disease management programs against bacterial wilt of tomato.
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Albuquerque, Géssyka R., Lucas P. Lucena, Emanuel F. Assunção, Júlio Carlos P. Mesquita, Adriano Márcio F. Silva, Elineide B. Souza, Alessandro Nicoli, and Marco Aurélio S. Gama. "Evaluation of tomato rootstocks to Ralstonia solanacearum and R. pseudosolanacearum in Mata mesoregion, PE." Horticultura Brasileira 39, no. 1 (March 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20210111.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial wilt limits tomato production and resistant rootstocks could be important for the integrated management of the disease. Since there is an interaction between local bacterial strains and tomato genotype, this study aimed to evaluate 14 tomato rootstocks to bacterial wilt in the Mata mesoregion of Pernambuco state, Brazil. The rootstocks reaction to two sequevars of Ralstonia solanacearum and two of R. pseudosolanacearum was evaluated in four experiments carried out in the greenhouse using the completely randomized experimental design, with four replications composed of four plants each. Seven genotypes were selected to evaluate the reaction to bacterial wilt as rootstocks grafting in tomato plants ‘Tomini F1’ in a production area with disease history in the Chã Grande municipality, using randomized block design with four plants per treatment in each block. In the field experiment, disease symptoms were not observed in the grafted plants in ‘Guardião’, ‘Woodstock’, and ‘Yoshimatsu’. Regarding all experiments, ‘Guardião’ and ‘Muralha’ showed the best resistance levels and could be used in the integrated management of bacterial wilt and studied in plant breeding programs.
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Jibat, Merga, and Abukiya Getu. "Management of ginger bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) epidemics by soil solarization and botanical mulching at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 38, no. 1 (2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif2301023j.
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Ginger is one of the most valuable cash crops for farmers in different parts of Ethiopia. Bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, creates major limitation to production of ginger in Ethiopia. Heavy losses due to the disease occur regularly, causing an additional impediment for production in infected areas. Field tests were conducted at Tepi, South- Western Ethiopia, during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons to assess the effects of soil solarization and botanical mulch on epidemics of bacterial wilt of ginger. Four soil solarization periods, lasting two, four, six or eight weeks before planting were integrated with four different botanical mulch treatments after planting: vetivar grass, lemon grass, Chinese chive and Lantana camara. Unsolarized and unmulched plots were used as the control for comparison. Treatments were arranged in factorial arrangements with randomized complete block design with three replications. The outcomes indicated that soil solarization integrated with lemon grass mulch treatments significantly reduced bacterial wilt mean incidence by 22.1% up to 42.2%, compared to control plots. These treatments also dramatically reduced AUDPC and disease progress rates. Soil solarization for eight weeks integrated with lemon grass mulch resulted in the lowest (42.2%) final mean disease severity and AUDPC (33.8%) in comparison to the control. Typical results of this study indicated that soil solarization integrated with botanical mulch treatments were effective in slowing dawn the epidemics of bacterial wilt and in recovering ginger production and productivity, and they are consequently recommended for application in the study areas along with other crop management schemes.
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Karim, Z., MSM Chowdhury, and MS Hossain. "Management of Ralstonia solanacearum (potato wilt disease) virulence by using bioactive compounds." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v6i1.51333.
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Potato is an important vegetable crop of Bangladesh which is facing challenges worldwide due to a quarantine pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. It is a very successful bacterial pathogen against most of the traditional management practices. Suspension of ten bioactive compounds viz. propolis, honey, turmeric powder+oil, turmeric powder, magnesium chloride, boiled rice fluid, boiled rice fluid+iodine, sun dried cow dung powder, honey+iodine and sodium bicarbonate were evaluated and compared with control (sterile water), commercial bactericide (Krosin AG) and farmers practice (stable bleaching powder). In vitro assessment was done by comparing the inhibition zones produced on TZC (tetrazolium chloride) solid medium in disc diffusion method. All of those compounds produced larger inhibition zones as compared to control which indicated the effectiveness of the test compounds against the bacteria. To screen out the performances of those compounds in vivo, potato seedlings were inoculated in sterilized soil by soil soak method. Later, mature plants were inoculated in unsterilized soil to find the better resulting compound(s) in field soil condition against the disease. Finally, suspension of cow dung (@25%), propolis (@ 6mg/ml) and turmeric powder (@25%) were selected for trial as soil and seed treatment against the pathogen. It was found that, cow dung reduced 28.89% disease severity index which was followed by 26.67% in propolis and 22.22% in turmeric powder as compared to control (84.44%) in artificially inoculated potato plants against R. solanacearum.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(1): 65-76
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Wubshet, Zenebe, and Dula Geneti. "Bacterial diseases seriously infecting major horticultural crops in Ethiopia and their management." Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science 2, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v2i2.53.
Full textAbstract:
Horticultural crops that can solve food insecurity problems are essential commodities. The availability of diverse soil, favorable climatic conditions, and comfortable agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia provide ample opportunities to produce them. However, the success of production has been challenged by biotic and biotic factors. From which, diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are the current globally emerging and re-emerging threats of crop production. Hence, this review is crucial to accentuating newly emerged and re-emerged bacterial diseases that cause great economic damage to essential horticultural crops in the country. Many African countries are experiencing outbreaks and the potential for these bacterial pathogens to emerge. Among these, many hosts killing and yield loss problems due to ginger bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), bacterial blight of coffee (Pseudomonas syringae), banana, and enset wilt (Xanthomonas campestris) diseases result in > 50% yield reduction. Various factors like introducing new types within a species, homogeneity of resistant plant varieties, hybridization within pathogen species, and introducing an arthropod vector to be "emergence" or increase in importance within that environment to favor their distribution. Once they are established, bacterial disease management is so complex both by chemical and biological means and is restrained primarily by preventive measures such as hygiene, healthy planting materials, good cultural practices, and avoidance. The potential use of community heterogeneity/plant population/is an exciting and controversial option to reduce the risk of disease emergence. In all, this article is crucial to offer detailed insight on some bacterial diseases that threaten the production of economically essential horticultural crops.
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Rojas, E. Saalau, M. L. Gleason, J. C. Batzer, and M. Duffy. "Feasibility of Delaying Removal of Row Covers to Suppress Bacterial Wilt of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo)." Plant Disease 95, no. 6 (June 2011): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-10-0788.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial wilt, caused by Erwinia tracheiphila, is a major disease of cucurbit crops in the United States. Management of the disease relies on controlling two vector species, striped (Acalymma vittatum) and spotted (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) cucumber beetles. Six field trials were conducted at Iowa State University research farms during 2007, 2008, and 2009 to assess the efficacy of delayed removal of spunbond polypropylene row covers to control bacterial wilt on muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Treatments were (i) row cover removed at anthesis (conventional timing of removal), (ii) covers removed 10 days after row cover ends were opened at anthesis, (iii) covers removed 10 days after bumble bee hives were inserted under row covers at anthesis, and (iv) a noncovered control. In two field trials during 2007 and 2008, the delayed-removal row-cover treatments significantly suppressed bacterial wilt throughout the growing season and enhanced yield compared with the noncovered and removal-at-anthesis controls. In Gilbert in 2008, however, bacterial wilt suppression was equivalent among all three row-cover treatments. No bacterial wilt was observed during three trials in 2009, and there was minimal difference in marketable yield among treatments. Net returns were compared using partial budget and sensitivity analyses. Melon prices and occurrence of bacterial wilt had a strong impact on net returns. Using row covers increased production costs by 45%. In site years in which bacterial wilt occurred, delaying removal of row covers resulted in the highest returns. When bacterial wilt was absent, however, the delayed-removal row-cover treatments had the lowest returns. Results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that delaying removal of row covers for 10 days could be a cost-effective component of an integrated bacterial wilt suppression strategy for muskmelon where bacterial wilt occurs ≥50% of production seasons.
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Zeist, André R., Juliano TV de Resende, Bruna C. Pozzebon, André Gabriel, Alex Antônio da Silva, and Ricardo Antônio Zeist. "Combination of solarization, biofumigation and grafting techniques for the management of bacterial wilt in tomato." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 3 (July 2019): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190302.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Considering the aforementioned information, the objective was to evaluate the influence of combining techniques of solarization, biofumigation with chicken manure and grafting on the incidence of bacterial wilt and productivity of the hybrid tomato ‘Absoluto’. Two experiments were carried out in a chapel-type greenhouse and in field, in the agricultural year 2013/2014, in a commercial farm on the municipality of Barra do Rio Azul-RS. In the two cultivation environments, treatments were arranged in randomized block experimental design, with the plots subdivided into space and treatments randomly arranged, in an area naturally infested with race 1, biovar 1, phylotype II of R. solanacearum. The treatments were soil solarization, biofumigation, biofumigation +solarization and control, and in the subplots, the commercial hybrid tomato Absoluto with and without grafting on the hybrid rootstock Guardião. Based on the incidence of bacterial wilt, the plant health index and the area under the disease progress curve were estimated. The number, production and average mass of commercial fruits were evaluated. A beneficial effect was found of soil solarization associated with the addition of chicken manure in the control of bacterial wilt and increase of productivity. Grafting was more efficient in increasing plant health index and reducing the area under the disease progress curve than solarization and biofumigation, thus indicating that the association of the three measures is beneficial to the integrated control of the disease
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Mekonnen, Habtamu, Mulugeta Kibret, and Fassil Assefa. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Biocontrol of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum." International Journal of Agronomy 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1489637.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial wilt induced by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most damaging and widespread diseases of tomatoes in the world. Biological control with rhizobacteria is one of the efficient components of integrated pest management methods used to control the disease and enhance production. To this end, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus isolate BDUA1, and Pseudomonas isolates BBDUA2 and BDUA3) isolated from the tomato rhizosphere were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting traits using standard methods, and selected isolates were also tested for their biocontrol efficacy on tomato bacterial wilt disease under greenhouse conditions. All isolates produced cellulase and lipase, and only BDUA1 and BDUA3 produced protease and amylase. Besides, BDUA1 and BDUA2 showed phosphate solubilization and production of indole-3-acetic acid, HCN, and siderophore, while BDUA3 solubilized phosphate and produced HCN and siderophore. Our results showed that BDUA1 and BDUA2 reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the Maya variety by 51.9% and 48.5%, respectively, and on the Melkesalsa variety by 51.8% and 48.5%, respectively. Treatment of the Melkesalsa variety with BDUA1 displayed the highest height (36.91 cm), followed by treatment with BDUA2 (31.74 cm) on the same variety. BDUA1 induced the highest effect on increasing the dry weight of shoots and roots by 4.16 g and 0.59 g in the Maya variety and in the Melkesalsa variety by 3.63 g and 0.48 g, respectively. Similarly, BDUA2 had the greatest effect on increasing the dry weight of shoots and roots by 3.8 g and 0.54 g of the Maya variety and on the Melkesalsa variety by 3.12 g and 0.41 g, respectively. The overall result showed that BDUA1 and BDUA2 could be used as promising plant growth promotion and biocontrol agents for the management of tomato bacterial wilt disease provided they were validated under field conditions.
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Li, P., X. X. Wu, Z. Y. Wang, H. H. Ho, Y. X. Wu, Z. C. Mao, and Y. Q. He. "First Report of Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Bacterial Wilt of Yacon in China." Plant Disease 96, no. 6 (June 2012): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-11-0940-pdn.
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Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is an important cash crop in Yunnan Province, China. In 2003, yacon was introduced to Yunnan province as a novelty root crop and as an experimental source of natural sugars; now more than 15 provinces cultivate the crop. Yunnan is one of the major yacon producing areas of China, with up to 10,000 ha yielding up to 50,000 t of yacon, which is nearly half of the production in China. In April and May 2010, bacterial wilt of yacon was observed in the fields of Lion Mountain of Wuding County, Yunnan Province, China. In 2011, the disease occurred in approximately 1 ha of yacon, resulting in 10% crop loss in that area. The initial symptoms observed were irregular, black, necrotic lesions on leaf margins. After 4 to 7 days, leaves became totally necrotic, plants wilted, and black stripes were observed on plant stems. Within 2 to 3 weeks, more than 70% of leaves within the crop were wilted. Subsequently, the plants died and stems became brittle. When dead plants were pulled from the soil, tubers were found to have turned black. When diseased stems and/or petioles were cut with a sterile sharp knife or razor blade, bacterial ooze appeared on the cut ends. High populations of morphologically uniform bacteria were isolated from the diseased plants by conventional methods. When cultured on TZC (2,3,5-Triphenylte tetrazolium chloride) agar medium (3), colonies were large, elevated, fluidal, and entirely white with a pale red center. The isolated bacterium was gram-negative, grew aerobically, and did not form endospores. The cells were 0.5 to 0.7 × 1.5 to 2.0 μm and nonencapsulated. Ralstonia solanacearum was identified and confirmed as the pathogen on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis (1,4). The nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank (Accession No. HQ176322.1). The pathogenic strain belonged to race 1 and biovar 3 according to the pathogenicity and carbohydrate utilization tests (2). Koch's postulates were tested in the greenhouse, with 10 plants inoculated per species. Plants were inoculated with 15 μl of cell suspension containing 106 to 107 CFU ml–1 deposited into the third axilla with a capillary tube. The bacteria could infect tomato, pepper, tobacco, potato, common sage (Salvia dugesii Fernald), and patchouli, and caused typical symptoms of wilt and black lesions, but could not infect leaves of swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta Smith), stramonium (Dature stramonium Datura L.), ginger, or maize. To our knowledge, this is the first report of yacon as a host of R. solanacearum. Since the pathogen has a wide host range, monitoring of the vegetation in and around yacon fields should be implemented as a mandatory management measure to prevent disease spread. References: (1) C. A. Boucher et al. J. Bacteriol. 169:5626, 1987. (2) A. C. Hayward. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 27:265, 1964. (3) A. Kelman. Phytopathology 44:693, 1954. (4) W. G. Weisburg et al. J. Bacteriol. 173:697, 1991.
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Musah, S. M., R. K. Birithia, H. W. Kamiri, and E. Kahariri. "Effect of intercropping on potato bacterial wilt disease and tuber yield in Kenya." African Crop Science Journal 31, no. 4 (December 6, 2023): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v31i4.6.
Full textAbstract:
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major tuber crop in Kenya, whose productivity is heavily impaired by bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith). Existing management strategies have not been effective, owing to the diversity and robustness of the pathogen and variation in the host range. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping on the incidence of bacterial wilt and yield of potato in Kenya. A field experiment was conducted in four potato-growing counties, namely; Nyandarua, Nakuru, Bomet and Bungoma in Kenya. Treatments included intercroping with spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.); garden pea (Pisum sativum L.); and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Treatments also included a pure stand of potato as the control. Generally, intercropping had a significant suppressive effect (P<0.05) on the incidence and severity of bacterial wilt disease. Intercropping potato with spring onion, in particular, had the highest disease suppressive effect, followed by intercropping potato with cabbage; and lastly by potato with garden pea. Accordingly, potato-onion intercrop recorded the highest potato tuber yield (12.9 t ha-1), while the potato pure stand recorded the lowest tuber yield (7.9 t ha-1). Bacterial wilt disease incidence positively correlated with disease severity (r = 0.931; P<0.05). In contrast, the disease incidence and severity negatively correlated with tuber yield. In terms of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), the highest value (1.64) was with potato-onion intercrop; and the lowest (1.35) with the potato-garden pea intercrop.
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Chandel, Sunita, and Savita Jandaik. "Non-chemical strategies in integrated management of wilt and stem rot diseases of chrysanthemum." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2021.10202.
Full textAbstract:
Wilt and stem rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp. chyrsanthemi and Rhizoctonia solani are most devastating diseases, amounting to cause 18 -27 per cent loss under congenial environmental conditions in chrysanthemum. Due to many issues such as fungicide resistance, cost, and adverse effects, eco-friendly integrated approaches seem to be an applicable management method against the wilt and stem rot diseases of chrysanthemum. The objective of our present study was to evaluate the alternative methods such as soil amendments, biological agents and soil solarization (SS) alone and in integrated form which are cheap and easily adoptable having long-term benefits in combating the wilt and stem rot infection of chrysanthemum. Neem cake and cotton cake were found superior against Fusarium wilt pathogen with highest 68.11 per cent disease reduction while mustard cake showed highest effectiveness followed by neem and groundnut cakes to minimize the Rhizoctonia solani infection by 64.29 per cent. Fungal antagonists proved better in controlling disease compared to bacterial antagonist. For soil solarization, 25µ thickness polythene sheet resulted in less disease than 50 µ thickness. Integration of all the components resulted into excellent control of stem rot and wilt under field conditions due to additive effects. Maximum disease control (73.15 %) achieved in SS+ T. harzianum + Neem cake, SS+ T. harzianum + T. viride. A drastic decrease in the inoculums load of both pathogens recorded after two months period in solarized than unsolarized soils with varied microbial counts and almost negligible appearance of weeds in solarised plots.
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Srivastava, Seweta, Aspak, Meenakshi Rana, Kanuri Komala Siva Katyayani, Dipshikha Kaushik, Rajeev Kumar, Manash Shukla, Shubham Kumar, Raghavendra Reddy Manda, and Vinit Pratap Singh. "EXPLORING THE BIOEFFICACY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA AGAINST IMPORTANT PLANT PATHOGENS." Journal of Biopesticides 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.79-99.
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The biological management of plant diseases has developed into a separate scientific and technological discipline, and in recent years, this change has happened quickly. A form of bacterium known as a bacterial endophyte may colonize any portion of a plant without causing any symptoms or harm to the host plant. Endophytic bacteria have been discovered by several researchers, and there is growing evidence that they can stop a variety of plant diseases from growing and functioning. Endophytes have a variety of benefits including growth-increasing and disease-hampering properties. Researchers’ interest in this field is growing as a result of its potentially to be utilized as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. This review's main objectives are to chart the development of endophytic bacterial research and give scientists access to current knowledge that will spur further investigation. Endophytic bacteria are employed to control plant diseases including wilt, rot and post-harvest damage, as well as nematode infestation. Endophytic bacteria are also used to control nematodes and postharvest diseases. With an emphasis on endophytic bacteria, this review explains the diverse mechanisms of bacterial endophytes to shield the plant from biotic infection.
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Sakthivel, K., V. Baskaran, K. Abirami, K. Manigundan, and R. K. Gautam. "Cross-Infectivity of Ralstonia solanacearum from Marigold Grown in Andaman Islands." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v11i2.92.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the major concerns for marigold cultivation in Andaman Islands. Cross-infectivity potential of the bacterial wilt pathogen, isolated from marigold, was tested in other common vegetable-hosts of the Island. Pathogen identity was confirmed by morphological identification and Biolog based phenotypic fingerprinting. Cross-infectivity tests revealed tomato to be the most susceptible among the three solanaceous hosts tested. Highest wilt incidence was observed in tomato and marigold (100%) plants, followed by 55.6% in brinjal and 22.3% in chilli, upon artificial soil inoculation. Our study enlightens pathogenic potential of the bacterial wilt pathogen in important vegetable crops of Andaman Islands and can help formulate suitable management practices for successful management of the pathogen.
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Mohanan, C. "Bacterial diseases of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in forest nurseries and plantations in Kerala and their management." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-r4n394.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas tectonae in Teak (Tectona grandis) nurseries and young 9 to 18 months old plantations raised in the Kerala State have been recorded. P. tectonae causes cotyledon rot, collar rot and wilt of seedlings in conventional seedbed nurseries as well as root trainer nurseries and vascular wilt of plants in young plantations. Severe disease incidence resulted in partial to complete failure of nurseries and large-scale mortality of plants in young plantations. Diseases in nursery, can be managed by following proper hygiene nursery practices and also; by application of bactericides (Pantmycin/Oxytetracycline/ Streptocycline @1000 ppm as soil drench). Spread of disease from nursery to plantation can be managed by preparing planting material (stump/seedlings) from disease free nursery stock and following strict quarantine measures.