Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacterial volatiles

Academic literature on the topic 'Bacterial volatiles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacterial volatiles"

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Hunziker, Lukas, Denise Bönisch, Ulrike Groenhagen, Aurélien Bailly, Stefan Schulz, and Laure Weisskopf. "Pseudomonas Strains Naturally Associated with Potato Plants Produce Volatiles with High Potential for Inhibition of Phytophthora infestans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 3 (November 14, 2014): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02999-14.

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ABSTRACTBacteria emit volatile organic compounds with a wide range of effects on bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. The antifungal potential of bacterial volatiles has been investigated with a broad span of phytopathogenic organisms, yet the reaction of oomycetes to these volatile signals is largely unknown. For instance, the response of the late blight-causing agent and most devastating oomycete pathogen worldwide,Phytophthora infestans, to bacterial volatiles has not been assessed so far. In this work, we analyzed this response and compared it to that of selected fungal and bacterial potato pathogens, using newly isolated, potato-associated bacterial strains as volatile emitters.P. infestanswas highly susceptible to bacterial volatiles, while fungal and bacterial pathogens were less sensitive. CyanogenicPseudomonasstrains were the most active, leading to complete growth inhibition, yet noncyanogenic ones also produced antioomycete volatiles. Headspace analysis of the emitted volatiles revealed 1-undecene as a compound produced by strains inducing volatile-mediatedP. infestansgrowth inhibition. Supplying pure 1-undecene toP. infestanssignificantly reduced mycelial growth, sporangium formation, germination, and zoospore release in a dose-dependent manner. This work demonstrates the high sensitivity ofP. infestansto bacterial volatiles and opens new perspectives for sustainable control of this devastating pathogen.
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Song, Geun Cheol, Je-Seung Jeon, Hee-Jung Sim, Soohyun Lee, Jihye Jung, Sang-Gyu Kim, Sun Young Moon, and Choong-Min Ryu. "Dual functionality of natural mixtures of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth." Journal of Experimental Botany 73, no. 2 (October 22, 2021): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab466.

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Abstract Bacteria emit volatile compounds that modulate plant growth. Previous studies reported the impacts of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth; however, the results varied depending on bacterial nutrient availability. We investigated whether the effects of plant growth–inhibiting volatiles (PGIVs) and plant growth–promoting volatiles (PGPVs) depended on the perceived dose by evaluating the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings placed at 7, 14, and 21 cm away from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 colonies growing in rich medium. A large bacterial colony (500 μl inoculum) inhibited plant growth at 7 cm and promoted growth at 21 cm, whereas a small bacterial colony (100 μl inoculum) induced the opposite pattern of response. We identified pyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine as candidate PGIVs that significantly reduced plant growth at a distance of 7 cm. PGIV effects were validated by exposing plants to synthetic 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and bacteria emitting PGPVs, which showed that PGIVs overwhelm PGPVs to rapidly increase salicylic acid content and related gene expression. This is referred to as the defence-growth trade-off. Our results indicate that high PGIV concentrations suppress plant growth and promote immunity, whereas low PGPV concentrations promote growth. This study provides novel insights into the complex effects of bacterial volatile mixtures and fine-tuning of bacteria-plant interactions.
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Silva Dias, Bruno Henrique, Sung-Hee Jung, Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira, and Choong-Min Ryu. "C4 Bacterial Volatiles Improve Plant Health." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060682.

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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with plant roots can trigger plant growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. Several bacterial determinants including cell-wall components and secreted compounds have been identified to date. Here, we review a group of low-molecular-weight volatile compounds released by PGPR, which improve plant health, mostly by protecting plants against pathogen attack under greenhouse and field conditions. We particularly focus on C4 bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs), such as 2,3-butanediol and acetoin, which have been shown to activate the plant immune response and to promote plant growth at the molecular level as well as in large-scale field applications. We also disc/ uss the potential applications, metabolic engineering, and large-scale fermentation of C4 BVCs. The C4 bacterial volatiles act as airborne signals and therefore represent a new type of biocontrol agent. Further advances in the encapsulation procedure, together with the development of standards and guidelines, will promote the application of C4 volatiles in the field.
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Gfeller, Aurélie, Pascal Fuchsmann, Mout De Vrieze, Katia Gindro, and Laure Weisskopf. "Bacterial Volatiles Known to Inhibit Phytophthora infestans Are Emitted on Potato Leaves by Pseudomonas Strains." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081510.

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Bacterial volatiles play important roles in mediating beneficial interactions between plants and their associated microbiota. Despite their relevance, bacterial volatiles are mostly studied under laboratory conditions, although these strongly differ from the natural environment bacteria encounter when colonizing plant roots or shoots. In this work, we ask the question whether plant-associated bacteria also emit bioactive volatiles when growing on plant leaves rather than on artificial media. Using four potato-associated Pseudomonas, we demonstrate that potato leaves offer sufficient nutrients for the four strains to grow and emit volatiles, among which 1-undecene and Sulfur compounds have previously demonstrated the ability to inhibit the development of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the causative agent of potato late blight. Our results bring the proof of concept that bacterial volatiles with known plant health-promoting properties can be emitted on the surface of leaves and warrant further studies to test the bacterial emission of bioactive volatiles in greenhouse and field-grown plants.
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Warr, Jennifer, Fenny Dane, and Bob Ebel. "Effect of C6-Volatiles on Bioluminescent Plant Pathogens." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 557d—557. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.557d.

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C6 volatile compounds are known to be produced by the plant upon pathogen attack or other stress-related events. The biological activity of many of these substances is poorly understood, but some might produce signal molecules important in host–pathogen interactions. In this research we explored the possibility that lipid-derived C6 volatiles have a direct effect on bacterial plant pathogens. To this purpose we used a unique tool, a bacterium genetically engineered to bioluminesce. Light-producing genes from a fish-associated bacterium were introduced into Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, enabling nondestructive detection of bacteria in vitro and in the plant with special computer-assisted camera equipment. The effects of different C6 volatiles (trans-2 hexanal, trans-2 hexen-1-ol and cis-3 hexenol) on growth of bioluminescent Xanthomonas campestris were investigated. Different volatile concentrations were used. Treatment with trans-2 hexanal appeared bactericidal at low concentrations (1% and 10%), while treatments with the other volatiles were not inhibitive to bacterial growth. The implications of these results with respect to practical use of trans-2 hexanal in pathogen susceptible and resistant plants will be discussed.
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Papaioannou, Georgia, Ioanna Kosma, Anastasia V. Badeka, and Michael G. Kontominas. "Profile of Volatile Compounds in Dessert Yogurts Prepared from Cow and Goat Milk, Using Different Starter Cultures and Probiotics." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 3153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123153.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of volatile compounds (aroma) and overall flavor in dessert yogurts prepared from cow and goat milk, using three different, commercially available starter cultures, in the presence or absence of probiotic bacteria and to correlate this to organoleptic evaluation results obtained using a consumer acceptability method. The extraction of volatile compounds was carried out by solid phase micro-extraction; separation and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Variations among the different classes of compounds (i.e., aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, volatile acids, hydrocarbons, and terpenes) were recorded for different treatments. The results showed that the main volatiles in the cow milk dessert yogurts without Bifidobacterium BB-12 were: acetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, 3-OH-2-butanone, 2-propanone, hexanoic acid and limonene). Respective volatiles in cow milk dessert yogurts with Bifidobacterium BB-12 were: acetaldehyde, pentanal, hexanal, the same ketones, acetic acid and limonene). The volatiles in goat milk dessert yogurts without Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 were: acetaldehyde, the same ketones, no carboxylic acids, limonene, camphene, α- and β-pinene. Respective volatiles in goat milk dessert yogurts with Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 were: aldehydes acetaldehyde, the same ketones, butanoic acid, α-pinene and camphene varying in concentration in different samples. Based on the results of volatiles and organoleptic evaluation, it can be concluded that dessert yogurts from cow milk without probiotic bacterial strains using the mild and classic starter cultures, and dessert yogurts from goat milk with probiotic bacterial strains using the classic and acidic starter cultures are found to be more organoleptically acceptable by consumers. In most cases, a positive correlation was found between dessert yogurt organoleptically determined flavor and volatiles (aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids).
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Blom, Dirk, Carlotta Fabbri, Leo Eberl, and Laure Weisskopf. "Volatile-Mediated Killing ofArabidopsis thalianaby Bacteria Is Mainly Due to Hydrogen Cyanide." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 3 (November 29, 2010): 1000–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01968-10.

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ABSTRACTThe volatile-mediated impact of bacteria on plant growth is well documented, and contrasting effects have been reported ranging from 6-fold plant promotion to plant killing. However, very little is known about the identity of the compounds responsible for these effects or the mechanisms involved in plant growth alteration. We hypothesized that hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a major factor accounting for the observed volatile-mediated toxicity of some strains. Using a collection of environmental and clinical strains differing in cyanogenesis, as well as a defined HCN-negative mutant, we demonstrate that bacterial HCN accounts to a significant extent for the deleterious effects observed when growingArabidopsis thalianain the presence of certain bacterial volatiles. The environmental strainPseudomonas aeruginosaPUPa3 was less cyanogenic and less plant growth inhibiting than the clinical strainP. aeruginosaPAO1. Quorum-sensing deficient mutants ofC. violaceumCV0,P. aeruginosaPAO1, andP. aeruginosaPUPa3 showed not only diminished HCN production but also strongly reduced volatile-mediated phytotoxicity. The double treatment of providing plants with reactive oxygen species scavenging compounds and overexpressing the alternative oxidase AOX1a led to a significant reduction of volatile-mediated toxicity. This indicates that oxidative stress is a key process in the physiological changes leading to plant death upon exposure to toxic bacterial volatiles.
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Popova, Alexandra A., Olga A. Koksharova, Valentina A. Lipasova, Julia V. Zaitseva, Olga A. Katkova-Zhukotskaya, Svetlana Iu Eremina, Alexander S. Mironov, Leonid S. Chernin, and Inessa A. Khmel. "Inhibitory and Toxic Effects of Volatiles Emitted by Strains ofPseudomonasandSerratiaon Growth and Survival of Selected Microorganisms,Caenorhabditis elegans, andDrosophila melanogaster." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/125704.

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In previous research, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by various bacteria into the chemosphere were suggested to play a significant role in the antagonistic interactions between microorganisms occupying the same ecological niche and between bacteria and target eukaryotes. Moreover, a number of volatiles released by bacteria were reported to suppress quorum-sensing cell-to-cell communication in bacteria, and to stimulate plant growth. Here, volatiles produced byPseudomonasandSerratiastrains isolated mainly from the soil or rhizosphere exhibited bacteriostatic action on phytopathogenicAgrobacterium tumefaciensand fungi and demonstrated a killing effect on cyanobacteria, flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans). VOCs emitted by the rhizosphericPseudomonas chlororaphisstrain 449 and bySerratia proteamaculansstrain 94 isolated from spoiled meat were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and the effects of the main headspace compounds—ketones (2-nonanone, 2-heptanone, 2-undecanone) and dimethyl disulfide—were inhibitory toward the tested microorganisms, nematodes, and flies. The data confirmed the role of bacterial volatiles as important compounds involved in interactions between organisms under natural ecological conditions.
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Riu, Myoungjoo, Jin-Soo Son, Sang-Keun Oh, and Choong-Min Ryu. "Aromatic Agriculture: Volatile Compound-Based Plant Disease Diagnosis and Crop Protection." Research in Plant Disease 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.1.1.

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Volatiles exist ubiquitously in nature. Volatile compounds produced by plants and microorganisms confer inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communications. Autoinducer signaling molecules from contact-based chemical communication, such as bacterial quorum sensing, are relayed through short distances. By contrast, biogenic volatiles derived from plant-microbe interactions generate long-distance (>20 cm) alarm signals for sensing harmful microorganisms. In this review, we discuss prior work on volatile compound-mediated diagnosis of plant diseases, and the use of volatile packaging and dispensing approaches for the biological control of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In this regard, recent developments on technologies to analyze and detect microbial volatile compounds are introduced. Furthermore, we survey the chemical encapsulation, slow-release, and bio-nano techniques for volatile formulation and delivery that are expected to overcome limitations in the application of biogenic volatiles to modern agriculture. Collectively, technological advances in volatile compound detection, packaging, and delivery provide great potential for the implementation of ecologically-sound plant disease management strategies. We hope that this review will help farmers and young scientists understand the nature of microbial volatile compounds, and shift paradigms on disease diagnosis and management to aromatic (volatile-based) agriculture.
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Perez, Rufino, John Linz, Matt Rasick, and Randolph M. Beaudry. "Volatile Profiles of Microorganisms on Various Substrates, Including Fruits and Vegetables." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 489B—489. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.489b.

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Minimally processed fruits and vegetables, by virtue of cell disruption resulting from processing and handling, can encourage the growth of microorganisms. There is potential for identification of microorganisms and characterization of microbial products and constituents in food, based on volatile profile analysis. We have prepared a flow-through system to grow several bacteria including E. coli 25922-ATCC and E. coli 0157:H7 and monitored the volatile profiles under conditions similar to those experienced by minimally processed fruits and vegetables during marketing conditions. Specific volatiles have been identified that may have potential to serve as signature-type volatiles in accurate automated quality control systems. For example, indole and a number of short-chain fatty acids are produced in copious amount by E. coli 25922-ATCC, but are not constituent of broccoli or carrot aroma profiles. The data suggest that specific volatiles may serve as “markers” for bacterial presence.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacterial volatiles"

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Caunt, P. "Degradation of volatile fatty acids by immobilised bacteria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233711.

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The aims of this project were to study the immobilisation of microorganisms and the use of immobilised cell preparations in biochemical reactors. One particular process, the biodegradation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), was chosen as a model system. Volatile fatty acids are compounds which are commonly found in odorous wastes and so can present a pollution problem. A bacterium was isolated, which was capable of VFA degradation in a minimal medium. The organism was identified as a strain of Alcaligenes denitrificans. The strain was able to grow on, and degrade, individual straight chain VFAs and mixtures, at concentrations much higher than those used in the isolation conditions. The strain was found to grow at a wide range of pH values, and a moderately wide range of growth temperatures. The strain was also tested for the degradation of VFAs in piggery slurry, but was found to be less effective than the natural population of organisms present in the waste. This bacterium was used to assess various immobilisation techniques, and their suitability for use in bioreactors. Four gel entrapment systems were tested. Conventional polyacrylamide and aluminium alginate gels both resulted in loss of cell viability. Calcium alginate was found to be too fragile for use in bioreactors, and only polyacrylamide hydrazide gel was found to be suitable. Beads of polyacrylamide hydrazide were used for longer term operation in a bubble column reactor, in a series of experiments to study the effects of changes in operating conditions, on bioreactor efficiency. Mathematical correlations were developed to explain the effects. Other parameters such as the mass transfer coefficients were calculated, to assist in the prediction of scale up. The second immobilisation system tested was adsorption to inorganic matrices. Four different types of particle were tested for their ability to adsorb non-growing cells from solution. The capacity to adsorb cells was related to the surface properties of the particles. Celite diatomaceous earth particles were found to have the greatest capacity to adsorb cells. Celite beads could be seeded in this manner, and then operated in a bubble column bioreactor. A biofilm was formed on the beads, which was capable of steady state biodegradation when the reactor was operated at dilution rates above the theoretical maximum for free cell growth. Bubble columns were the most suitable reactor of those tested for use with immobilised cell preparations. Mixing in these reactors was sufficient to provide good mass transfer, but not so violent as to disrupt the immobilised cell particles. Cell immobilisation by adsorption onto Celite was found to have several advantages over the other systems tested. The matrix could adsorb large quantities of cells, resulting in rapid biofilm formation and was also relatively cheap. Therefore, this appears to be an excellent new technique, and its potential applications in industrial processes are discussed.
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Sydney, Eduardo Bittencourt. "Valorization of vinasse as broth for biological hydrogen and volatile fatty acids production by means of anaerobic bacteria." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914329.

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Vinasse is the liquid waste removed from the base of sugarcane ethanol distillation columns at a ratio of 12-15 liters per liter of alcohol, resulting in an estimated production of approx. 350 billion liters in 2012/2013 in Brazil. Vinasse has a low pH and high chemical oxygen demand, which can cause land desertification when indiscriminately used as fertilizer. Also, underground water contamination is being observed in some regions. We evaluated the potential of vinasse as nutrient source for biohydrogen and volatile fatty acids production by means of anaerobic consortia. Two different vinasse-based media were proposed, using sugarcane juice or molasses as carbon source, and were compared to fermentation in a sucrosesupplemented medium. Pure cultures (4) and consortia (7) were cultured in the propose media and evaluated for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and biohydrogen production. The consortium LPBAH1, originated from faeces of fruit bat, was selected for fermentation of vinasse supplemented with sugarcane juice and resulted in a higher H2 yield of 7.14 molH2/molsucrose and hydrogen content in biogas of approx. 31% after process optimization. Similarly, the optimized process using the consortium LPBAH2, originated from a lake of a dairy farm, resulted in 3.66 molH2/molsucrose and 32.7% hydrogen content in biogas. The proposed process is of great importance for giving a more rational destination to vinasse and expanding Brazilian energy matrix, reducing the dependence of fossil fuels.
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Linton, Christopher John. "Anti-microbial effects of volatile bacterial products, with particular reference to Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306776.

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Turon, Violette. "Coupling dark fermentation with microalgal heterotrophy : influence of fermentation metabolites mixtures, light, temperature and fermentation bacteria on microalgae growth." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS201/document.

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La production de microalgues en hétérotrophie présente plusieurs avantages pour la production de biocarburants par rapport à la production autotrophe, comme une productivité plus importante en termes de biomasse et de lipides. Cependant, le développement industriel de ce procédé est limité par les coûts de productions associés au substrat organique (i.e. glucose) et à ceux liés à la stérilisation des fermenteurs. Les effluents de fermentation sombre, composés principalement d’acétate et de butyrate, pourraient être utilisés comme milieux de culture peu onéreux pour la culture hétérotrophe ou mixotrophe de microalgues. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient i) de mieux appréhender la croissance algale sur des mélanges variés d’acétate et de butyrate en fonction de la présence ou l’absence de lumière et de la température de croissance et ii) d’évaluer la faisabilité d’utiliser des effluents de fermentation non stérilisés pour soutenir la croissance de microalgues oléagineuses. Tout d’abord, un modèle basé sur des bilans de masse a été construit afin de caractériser la croissance hétérotrophe de Chlorella sorokiniana et Auxenochlorella protothecoides (taux de croissance et rendements) sur des mélanges d’acétate et de butyrate. Les résultats ont montré que le rapport acétate:butyrate et la concentration en butyrate étaient deux paramètres clés pour soutenir la croissance hétérotrophe. Puis, il a été démontré que la présence de lumière et l’utilisation d’une température suboptimale (30 °C) pour la croissance algale permettaient de réduire l’inhibition du butyrate en permettant une production de biomasse autotrophe ou en améliorant la croissance sur acétate. Enfin, il a été montré que les microalgues peuvent être compétitives sur l’acétate lors de la croissance sur des effluents bruts de fermentation sombre en présence de bactéries fermentaires, grâce à la croissance rapide des microalgues sur acétate (1.75 j-1) et à un changement drastique des conditions de culture peu favorables à la croissance des bactéries d’origine fermentaire
Growing microalgae in heterotrophic mode present several advantages over autotrophic mode such as a higher productivity in terms of biomass and lipids for biofuels production. Nevertheless, this process is limited by the production cost associated with the organic substrate (i.e. glucose) and fermenters sterilization costs. Dark fermentation effluents, mainly composed of acetate and butyrate, could be used as a low-cost medium to grow microalgae heterotrophically or mixotrophically. The aims of this PhD were i) to optimize microalgae growth on various mixtures of fermentations metabolites using the presence or absence light and different cultivation temperatures and ii) to assess the feasibility of using unsterilized fermentation effluents. First, a model based on mass balance was built to characterize heterotrophic growth rates and yields when Chlorella sorokiniana and Auxenochlorella protothecoides were supplemented with different mixtures of acetate and butyrate. Results showed that the acetate:butyrate ratio and the butyrate concentration per se were two key parameters for promoting heterotrophic growth. Then, further studies showed that the presence of light and the use of suboptimal temperature (30 °C) could reduce the butyrate inhibition on growth by either triggering autotrophic production of biomass or enhancing growth on acetate. Finally, it was shown that microalgae could outcompete fermentation bacteria for acetate when growing on raw dark fermentation effluents, thanks to a fast algal growth on acetate (1.75 d-1) and a drastic change of culture conditions to the detrimental of bacterial growth
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Yooyen, Juthatip. "Degradation of volatile organic compounds by various bacteria isolated from the environment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425992.

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Teiseh, Eliasu Azinyui. "Anaerobic hydrogen production by photosynthetic purplenonsulfur [sic] bacteria using volatile fatty acids." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594490411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thabloga, Wannapa. "Volatile compounds and Some properties of soy yoghurt fermented by lactic acid bacteria." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485705.

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Soybean milk is a nutritional food consisting high protein content, unsaturated fatty acids and no cholesterol. However, soymilk and soy products are commonly characterised by a beany off-flavour leading to low-consumer acceptability in Western cultures. The aims of the cUJ:rent study are to reduce the main off-flavour, such as hexanal, by preparing soymilk freshly with control processing steps and investigating lactic acid bacteria to explor~the reduction of hexanal and enhance desirable volatile compounds in soymilk. Soybeans soaked in NaHC03 had an appearance and colour of soymilk better than the unsoaked soybeans. In addition, soymilk from soybeans soaked in purified water, dehulled soybeans, and boiled in NaHC03for 10 min, produced good qualities in total solids, and whiter than soymilk boiled for 30 min. The chosen procedure for the production of the soymilk, a blended (for 2 min) soybean milk was mixed by mixer emulsifier at 8000 rev min-I for 5 min, homogenized at 200 kg sq cm-I and finally separated the milk with centrifugation at 169 x g for 5 min. This soymilk was rich in total solids content (77.8 g kg-I). Soy yogl:mrt has a weak viscoelastic behaviour. The optimised ratio of soybeans: water (1 : 5) was used to prepare soy yoghurt. The aroma profiles ofsoymilk were identified by GC-MS analysis. The main volatile compound in soymilk was hexanal. Other volatiles present in high amounts were 1-octen-3-01, 1-hexanol, pentanal, 2-pentyl furan and 1-pentanol. Selected Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei mixture produced acetaldehyde, diacetyl andacetoin and also reduced hexanal. The survival in soy yoghurt ofLact. casei was better than that ofLact. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus during 48h of incubation. Strep. thermophilus preferred to utIlIze sucrose to glucose whIle Lact. casei utilized glucose. Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei did not reduce stachyose and raffinose. Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei in single or mixture culture reduced hexanal to hexanol, and the hexanol was further reduced during the 24 h of the fermentation. The reduction ofhexanal to hexanol in soy yoghurt is desirable because hexanol has a weaker flavour than hexanal. Soy yoghurt fermented by mixed cultures ofStrep. thermophilus and Lact. casei had characteristics of yoghurt with a good curd and a pH of4.5-5.6. Strep. f' thermophilus grew rapidly during the first 6 h, and then grew slowly during the next 18 h of incubation. Lact. casei grew continually during 24h of incubation. Soy yoghurt fennented by mixed cultures contained desirable aroma compounds, including acetaldehyde, diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione and acetoin. The soy yoghurts from soymilks with added glucose or sucrose had increased levels ofpyruvate, 2,3- pentanedione and diacetyl, suggesting that sugars contribute to the production of these products. The amino acids, methionine and threonine, did not contribute to the production of acetaldehyde in yoghurt but promoted ethanol fonnation. The microstructure of soy yoghurt was studied by scanning electron microscope. Soy yoghurt contained a gel network with branched chains and Strep. thermophilus and Lact. casei were found in the spaces or embedded in the netWork.
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Berrou, Kevin. "Développement d’outils innovants pour l'étude de l’infection chronique." Thesis, Nîmes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NIME0001.

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Un des enjeux majeurs dans la gestion de la plaie de pied diabétique est l’obtention d’informations permettant d’anticiper l’évolution de ces infections. Actuellement, il n’existe pas d’outils suffisamment efficaces qui permettent de distinguer une plaie colonisée d’une plaie infectée. L’approche proposée est basée sur discrimination de plusieurs bactéries fréquemment retrouvées dans les plaies chroniques de pied diabétique à partir de leur profil métabolique, et plus particulièrement des métabolites volatils qu’elles produisent. En effet, le dynamisme du métabolisme bactérien serait à même de mettre en évidence les changements qui s’opèrent dans la plaie. Dans un premier temps, une nouvelle méthodologie de concentration des métabolites volatils par Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) a été développée. Elle est basée sur l’utilisation de barreaux qui sont placés à la fois dans le milieu de culture et en espace de tête, suivie d’une analyse par GC-MS. La méthode a ensuite été comparée avec une autre méthode de concentration utilisant des fibres (la SPME) et a montré une meilleure capacité de concentration, permettant ainsi une détection plus sensible. Cette méthodologie a ensuite été utilisée pour suivre la production métabolique de six souches bactériennes cultivées dans des conditions mimant la plaie chronique. Grâce à leur profil métabolique, il a été possible de distinguer des espèces bactériennes. De plus, de manière plus surprenante, il a été possible de distinguer deux souches de Staphylococcus aureus présentant des profils de virulence différents. Enfin, une étude en co-culture a mis en évidence que 83% des métabolites produit en culture simple étaient retrouvés, prouvant l’intérêt de la méthodologie pour distinguer des souches bactériennes d’une même espèce au sein d’une plaie
One of the major challenges in the management of diabetic foot wounds is to obtain information to anticipate the evolution of these infections. Currently, there are no sufficiently effective tools to distinguish a colonized wound to an infected wound. The proposed approach is based on the discrimination of several bacteria frequently found in chronic diabetic foot wounds from their metabolic profile, and more specifically the volatile metabolites they produce. Indeed, the dynamism of bacterial metabolism would be able to highlight the changes that are occurring in the wound. First, a new methodology for the concentration of volatile metabolites by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) was developed. It is based on the use of stir bars that are placed both in the culture medium and in headspace, followed by GC-MS analysis. The method was then compared with another concentration method using the fibres (SPME) and we highlighted a better concentration capacity with a more sensitive detection. This methodology was then used to monitor the metabolic production of six bacterial strains grown under conditions mimicking the chronic wound. Their metabolic profile allowed us to distinguish bacterial species. Moreover, more surprisingly, it was possible to distinguish two strains of Staphylococcus aureus with different virulence profiles. Finally, a co-culture was performed and we showed that 83% of the metabolites produced in simple culture were found, proving the interest of the methodology to distinguish bacterial strains of the same species within a wound
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Westling, Magnus. "Microbial Processes and Volatile Metabolites in Cheese Detection of Bacteria Using an Electronic Nose." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-42412.

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Cheese is a fermented product in which bacteria contribute to different flavours and textures. In order to understand the microbial processes in cheese, it is necessary to not only look at the genomic information in bacteria. The metabolome consists of a complete collection of metabolites in a biological sample. These metabolites are small molecules with a Mr >1.5 kDa, including flavour compounds. During the ripening process of cheese, many microbiological and biochemical changes occur that give cheese a diversity of textures and flavours. Proteins that go through proteolysis and amino acid catabolism are of great importance in the development of flavour in cheese, regardless of variety. Even though techniques for measurements of metabolites have existed for a long time, there are some unique challenges by analysing of several metabolites in parallel in a biological sample that promotes different metabolic pathways. Metabolic fingerprinting is the most common approach used in metabolomics, which is based on statistical analysis that through algorithms presents differences between samples. The electronic nose is able to identify the sum of volatile metabolites in a food, which is unlike the gas chromatograph that identifies individual metabolites. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of metabolomics of selected Enterobacteriaceae together with electronic nose technology in order to analyse possible patterns of volatile metabolites produced in soft cheese. By this we hope to evaluate potential application of this approach in food quality control and microbial contamination screening. The pilot study was done together with the center for AASS, Örebro University where bacteria were analysed using the electronic nose NST3320. The study showed that it is possible to discriminate between Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and cheese-associated bacteria, but also between the Enterobacteriaceae species Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei and Klebsiella neumoniae. It is important to consider the gas sensors gradually lose their ability to detect substances after continual use, in which they need to be replaced with new gas sensors. Further, data processing requires special knowledge and can be hard to handle if the expertise is lacking. We believe that there is evidence that metabolomics together with the electronic nose have future prospects in terms of quality control and microbial contamination screening.
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Chung, Myung-Sub. "Effects of psychotropic bacteria on the formation of volatile compounds in raw ground beef /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487687959967817.

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Books on the topic "Bacterial volatiles"

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Ryu, Choong-Min, Laure Weisskopf, and Birgit Piechulla, eds. Bacterial Volatile Compounds as Mediators of Airborne Interactions. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7293-7.

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Smith, Neil A. Metabolism of dimethyl disulphide, carbon disulphide and other volatile sulphur compounds by chemolithoautotrophic sulphur bacteria. [s.l.]: typescript, 1988.

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Charles, Humfrey, Shuker Linda, and Harrison Paul 1953-, eds. IEH assessment on indoor air quality in the home: Nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, house dust mites, fung, and bacteria. Leicester: Institue for Environment and Health, 1996.

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Piechulla, Birgit, Choong-Min Ryu, and Laure Weisskopf. Bacterial Volatile Compounds As Mediators of Airborne Interactions. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2021.

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Piechulla, Birgit, Choong-Min Ryu, and Laure Weisskopf. Bacterial Volatile Compounds As Mediators of Airborne Interactions. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2020.

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Weisskopf, Laure, Choong-Min Ryu, Jos M. Raaijmakers, and Paolina Garbeva, eds. Smelly Fumes: Volatile-Mediated Communication between Bacteria and Other Organisms. Frontiers Media SA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-222-4.

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Krist, Sabine. Volatile Compounds: The Utilisation of Volatile Compounds in the Characterisation of Vegetable Oils and Fats and in Reducing the Bacterial Count of Ambient Air. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2011.

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Lachmann, Robin H., and Nigel Manning. Trimethylaminuria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0064.

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Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) or “Fish Odor Syndrome” is a disorder caused by increased concentrations of the volatile amine trimethylamine (TMA) in body fluids resulting in an unpleasant odor. The excess TMA may occur either due to deficient hepatic oxidation (primary) or increased bacterial generation (secondary). Testing urine for TMA concentration is the first line of investigation, preferably following a dietary load of a TMA precursor such as choline. Measurement of TMA and TMA-oxide are used as a guide to determine a primary or secondary cause, which can be confirmed by DNA analysis. FMO3 deficiency may have further clinical consequences due to the wide range of substrates oxidized by the enzyme including many drugs. Treatment of both primary and secondary TMAU relies on restriction of dietary precursors of TMA, antibiotic-based reduction of gut flora, and odor chelators. Riboflavin may also benefit some patients.
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Medical Research Council (Great Britain). IEH assessment on indoor air quality in the home: Nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, house dust mites, fung, and bacteria (Assessment ;2). Institue for Environment and Health, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bacterial volatiles"

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Baysal, Ömür, and R. Soner Silme. "Bacterial Volatile in Rhizosphere." In Volatiles and Food Security, 219–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5553-9_11.

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Sarsan, Sreedevi. "Bacterial Volatiles for Plant Growth." In Volatiles and Food Security, 335–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5553-9_18.

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Schulz, Stefan, Christian Schlawis, Diana Koteska, Tim Harig, and Peter Biwer. "Structural Diversity of Bacterial Volatiles." In Bacterial Volatile Compounds as Mediators of Airborne Interactions, 93–121. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7293-7_3.

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Wenke, Katrin, Teresa Weise, Rene Warnke, Claudio Valverde, Dierk Wanke, Marco Kai, and Birgit Piechulla. "Bacterial Volatiles Mediating Information Between Bacteria and Plants." In Biocommunication of Plants, 327–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23524-5_17.

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Altaf, Mohd Musheer, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan, and Iqbal Ahmad. "Bacterial Volatiles: Potential Applications in Plant Growth and Health." In Volatiles and Food Security, 199–217. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5553-9_10.

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Jain, Shekhar, Ajit Varma, Narendra Tuteja, and Devendra Kumar Choudhary. "Bacterial Volatiles in Promotion of Plant Under Biotic Stress." In Volatiles and Food Security, 299–311. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5553-9_16.

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Ryu, Choong-Min. "Bacterial Volatiles as Airborne Signals for Plants and Bacteria." In Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 53–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_8.

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Vaishnav, Anukool, Ajit Varma, Narendra Tuteja, and Devendra Kumar Choudhary. "Characterization of Bacterial Volatiles and Their Impact on Plant Health Under Abiotic Stress." In Volatiles and Food Security, 15–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5553-9_2.

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Kai, Marco, and Uta Effmert. "Bacterial Volatiles as Players in Tripartite Interactions." In Bacterial Volatile Compounds as Mediators of Airborne Interactions, 237–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7293-7_10.

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Bailly, Aurélien. "How Plants Might Recognize Rhizospheric Bacterial Volatiles." In Bacterial Volatile Compounds as Mediators of Airborne Interactions, 139–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7293-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bacterial volatiles"

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Hanifah, Mohd Azri, Sai Ravindra Panuganti, Nur Atiqah Zakaria, Nur Hazrina Kamarul Zaman, and Raj Deo Tewari. "Reservoir Souring Prediction in Deepwater Reservoirs for Field Development Planning." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205791-ms.

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Abstract A deep-water Field X with two major Reservoirs U and L discovered recently offshore Malaysia is on development for early production. The subsurface plan for the Field X includes water injection. But the presence of sulphate rich seawater can provide a favorable environment for souring activity to take place. This study evaluates the reservoir souring potential for the green Field X as a result of seawater flooding. Reservoir souring is the increase of the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration in produced reservoir fluids. As hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and corrosive gas, the production of H2S has a huge impact on the safety, infrastructure and facilities of the field. Whether a reservoir is susceptible to souring is dependent on a variety of factors. Some of these include water injection flow rate, temperature of the reservoir, presence of bacterial nutrients and rock minerology. Effective prediction of biogenic reservoir souring using computer models is essential when undertaking major technical and economic decisions regarding field development. For H2S concentration calculation PETRONAS utilized in-house stand-alone modeling tool that considers physicochemical hydrodynamics of multiphase flow, heat transfer, substrate propagation and bacterial activity. The simulator looks at bacterial growth both in planktonic and sessile forms. Monod kinetics is applied for the growth of bacteria, leading to the consumption of sulphate and volatile fatty acids which in-turn is linked to H2S generation. Along with H2S propagation, H2S scavenging by rock and H2S partitioning between the various phases is also accounted for. The model can also deal with the effects of lift gas, reinjection of sour produced water, injection of biocide and nitrite. Since the Field X is a green field and historical production data is unavailable, the model is calibrated against the provided field development plan (FDP) data with sensitivity analysis. The simulation runs show that the H2S breakthrough occurs before the end of production. The amount of H2S produced indicates that the risk of reservoir souring associated with seawater injection in U and L Reservoirs of the Field X is high. It is recommended to evaluate different reservoir souring preventive measures in combination with mitigative options in terms of chance of success, risks, and cost (CAPEX/OPEX) in the context of the Field X development plan.
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Senecal, Andre G., Joshua Magnone, Walter Yeomans, and Edmund M. Powers. "Rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria by volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis." In Environmental and Industrial Sensing, edited by Janet L. Jensen and Larry W. Burggraf. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.456915.

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Fujiwara, Kazuhito, Tetsuyuki Hiroe, and Makio Asakawa. "Shock Sterilization of Dry Powder Foods." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1973.

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The sterilization for fungi and bacteria in some kinds of dry powder foods is limited to keep their grade. Especially in spices the heat sterilization is restricted to minimum use, because the heat reduces the hot-taste that is a principal component in spices. The operation for the sterilization has to act only on fungi and bacteria, not to degrade the volatile components contained in flavor elements. In this paper, the instance of shock sterilization is shown, and the development of the idea to the sterilization equipment and its performance are presented. Experimental results showed the potential of the shock for the sterilization and the feasibility for the industrial use.
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Becher, Gunther, Tobias Raessler, Roman Purkhart, Claus Steppert, Sven Schimanski, Werner Schüler, and Rolf Graupner. "MCC-IMS Spectral Analyses of Volatile Markers for sensitive Detection of Bacterial Growth." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa3325.

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Becher, Gunther, Roman Purkhart, Romy Gerber, Werner Schueler, and Rolf Graupner. "MCC-IMS Spectral Analyses of Volatile Markers for Screening of Clinically Relevant Bacterial Infection." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2615.

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Vigano`, Federico, Stefano Consonni, Marco Ragazzi, and Elena Cristina Rada. "A Model for Mass and Energy Balances of Bio-Drying." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5457.

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The viability of Mechanical Biological Treatments (MBT) is a widely discussed topic regarding Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in the world. Bio-drying is a MBT process that shows its best performances when the waste has a high moisture content. The purpose of bio-drying is the exploitation of the exothermic bacterial reactions for the evaporation of the highest part of the moisture in the waste with the lowest conversion of organic matter. As side effects the waste stream increases its calorific value and its composition is partially stabilized. This paper presents a simple model based on bio-drying mass and energy balances. The model takes into account the heat release from biochemical oxidation of the volatile matter, the evaporation of moisture, the heating of process air and the thermal losses, as well as changes in the chemical composition of the volatile matter that remains in the waste. Some very simple rules are identified to allow a rapid evaluation of the process performances.
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Kamal, Faisal, Sacheen Kumar, Aran Singanayagam, Michael Edwards, Andrea Romano, Kirrill Veslkov, Ivan Laponogov, et al. "Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis to differentiate between bacterial and viral respiratory infections in COPD." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa5301.

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Vazquez Guillamet, Cristina, Brian Leen, and Joe Hsu. "Identification Of Bacterial Pathogens By Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Using Mid-Infrared Incoherent Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5245.

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Pandiella, S., I. Salmeron, R. Rozada, and K. Thomas. "Flavour volatile compounds developed during fermentation of a cereal based fermented food with Lactic Acid Bacteria." In 13th World Congress of Food Science & Technology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/iufost:20060843.

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Ghosh, Sayanti, and Saswati Chakraborty. "Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-rich wastewater by aerobic granules of oil degrading bacterial strains in salinity influence." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.23.

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Granulation of sewage and brewery sludge isolated oil degrader Brevibacterium and Staphylococcus were investigated in hydrocarbon-rich wastewater with 280 mg/L of hydrocarbon at 10-25 g/L NaCl salinity influence. Brevibacterium and Staphylococcus cultures were inoculated in aerobic granular reactors (AGRs) R1 and R2 which were operated with 24 h cycle time and 2 L/min air flow rate. Yellowish matured granules appeared within 15 days. R1 granules achieved stability till 15 g/L NaCl concentration but faced disintegration between 15-20 mg/L NaCl exposure which reduced granule size and hydrocarbon removal from 2.15-1.7 mm and 78-73%. R2 granules were more salt tolerant providing 2.5±0.5 mm granule size with 4±1 g/L volatile suspended solids (VSS) and 201±1 mg/g VSS extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content achieving 81±0.7% hydrocarbon removal in 30 days. High granule stability and biomass concentration ensured less biomass washout from reactors. Granule settling velocity (GSV) in R1 and R2 reached 20±1 and 32±0.8 m/h which corresponded with granule size profiles. Kinetics analysis showed that at steady state, R1 and R2 were capable of 72 and 91% phenol removals in 30 and 24 h, respectively. Hence, the study provided salt tolerant oil degrading granules for refinery wastewater treatment.
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Reports on the topic "Bacterial volatiles"

1

Frank, Matthias. Elucidating algal-bacterial community interactions by tracking volatile biomarkers (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617565.

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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.
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