Journal articles: 'Bacterial leaching'

1

Devasia, Preston, and K. A. Natarajan. "Bacterial leaching." Resonance 9, no. 8 (August 2004): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02837575.

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Henry, J. G., D. Prasad, and W. B. Lohaza. "Fate of indicator organisms in sludge during bacterial leaching of metals." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-028.

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Biological extraction (bacterial leaching) of heavy metals from digested sewage sludge has been shown to be a practical means for decontaminating sludge for use on agricultural land. However, it was not known whether pathogenic organisms would survive or be destroyed in the acidic environment necessary for the bacterial leaching process. The purpose of the research reported herein was to assess the effect of bacterial leaching on various bacteria commonly used to indicate the possible presence of pathogenic organisms. Although pathogenic viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths may be present in sludge, this study is concerned only with bacterial pathogens. The concentrations of the four indicator bacteria selected to represent the bacterial pathogens were determined in a series of laboratory bacterial leaching units. Results showed that, although about 80–90% metal removal efficiencies were achieved (at a pH of 4.0, an aeration rate of 100 mL of air per minute per litre of sludge) at a temperature of 20–25 °C, the indicator bacteria were not reduced during bacterial leaching at high suspended solids concentrations. The survival of indicator bacteria was found to be a function of the suspended solids concentration in the leaching units, regardless of the source or type of indicator bacteria. At suspended solids concentrations greater than 10 g/L, the indicator bacteria were able to survive, apparently unaffected by the unfavourable environmental conditions (10 days retention at pH 4.0). Below this suspended solids concentration of 10 g/L, significant reductions of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci were achieved. Total heterotrophs did not follow the same trends as the other indicator bacteria. Key words: bacterial leaching, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, indicator bacteria, enteric pathogens removal, sewage sludge, sludge disposal.

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Gibbs, H. E., M. Errington, and F. D. Pooley. "Economics of Bacterial Leaching." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 24, no. 2 (April 1985): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1985.24.2.121.

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Haddadin, Jamal, Christophe Dagot, and Michel Fick. "Models of bacterial leaching." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 17, no. 4 (April 1995): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(94)00032-8.

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Susilawati, Rita. "BIOLEACHING FOR THE RECOVERY OF METALS PEMISAHAN UNSUR LOGAM DENGAN BIOLEACHING." Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi 10, no. 3 (November 8, 2015): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47599/bsdg.v10i3.149.

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A simple laboratory experiment has been conducted in order to demonstrate the ability of bacteria to leach the metal elements from insoluble ores or solid substrates. The experiment was conducted in a leaching column that was set up using 5 cc syringe that contained 1 cc of glass wool and 3.5cc of mine tailings. The basal salt was used as an inoculation media while mine tailing was used as a leaching subject and a source of bacterial leaching. Bacterial leaching was isolated using the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, the results of the experiment showed the capability of bioleaching process to recover metals from the mine tailings.

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Rohwerder, Thore, and Wolfgang Sand. "Combined Test for Bioleaching Activities." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.171.

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Both, the employment of leaching bacteria for metal winning as well as the mitigation of bioleaching processes at AMD/ARD sites, require reliable monitoring methods for assessing bacterial activities. Therefore, we have developed a robust and rapid test system combining two sensitive analytical techniques: quantification of heat evolution by microcalorimetry and determination of all relevant inorganic sulfur species by chromatographic methods (IC and HPLC). Generally, only about 1 g of sample is sufficient for a complete analysis. The combined test has been applied to various leaching biotopes such as bioreactors, columns, heaps and natural sites. The bacterial activity of diverse sulfidic materials such as lignite and coal wastes, pure metal sulfides and complex ores has been investigated. In our labs, microcalorimetry can be performed in the range of 5 to 80 °C, covering most of the temperature spectrum of leaching bacteria. Hence, the heat evolution values of samples as a direct measure for calculating leaching rates can be obtained at nearly all relevant in situ temperatures. The combination with sulfur species determination results in additional information on leaching mechanisms (thiosulfate or polysulfide pathway) and general leaching performance (e. g. accumulation of sulfur intermediates).

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7

Wang, Xin, Hong Ying Yang, Lin Lin Tong, Zhe Nan Jin, and Su Xing Zhao. "Research on Bio-Leaching of Nickel-Bearing Tailings in Jilin, China." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.177.

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Gradually bio-metallurgy technology is becoming an irreplaceable new technology. The nickel-bearing tailings in Jilin, China contains Ni 0.13 %, Cu 0.03%, Co 0.01%, S 15.20%, Fe 6.30%. A comparative study of the HQ0211 bacteria, indigenous bacteria (after the domestication named ZXJE511 bacteria) and acid pool leaching revealed that the local species ore leaching was preferably the best way. At pH 2.0, room temperature (about 23°C), pulp density 20%,the Ni, Co and Cu leaching rates were 70.08%, 40% and 57.67 % , respectively ,after 38 days of bioleaching, proving the superiority of the bacterial leaching of Ni, Co, Cu from tailings. Biological leaching tailings solved the problem of the conventional methods which could not be addressed by acid leaching. This technology is environmentally friendly and can make maximum use of the resources, thereby avoiding the waste of the resources.

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Fečko, Peter, Vojtěch Zechner, Michal Guziurek, Barbora Lyčková, and Eva Pertile. "The Possibilities of Application of Bacterial Leaching in Retrieval of Valuable Metals From Mining Waste." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10296-012-0017-9.

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Abstract The paper deals with an application of bacterial leaching on two selected samples from old ecological loads situated in the Karlovy Vary Region. To be specific, they are heaps in Prebuz and Kraslice. Bacterial leaching was applied making use of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and lasted 28 days. The results imply that the given method is suitable for the retrieval of valuable metals from waste and may help to deal with the issue of old heaps and dumps.

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NAKAZAWA, Hiroshi, Naofumi KUDO, Hayato SATO, and Ming CHEN. "Bacterial leaching of manganese nodules." Shigen-to-Sozai 105, no. 6 (1989): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.105.470.

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Brierley, C. L. "Bacterial succession in bioheap leaching." Hydrometallurgy 59, no. 2-3 (February 2001): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00171-7.

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Belyi, A. V., P. P. Pustoshilov, Yu L. Gurevich, G. G. Kadochnikova, and V. P. Ladygina. "Bacterial leaching of manganese ores." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 42, no. 3 (May 2006): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0003683806030124.

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12

Deveci, Nuran, and Cüneyt Göktug Delaloglu. "Sulfate decomposition by bacterial leaching." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 53, no. 1 (April 1995): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02783483.

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13

Demergasso, Cecilia. "Microbial Succession during a Heap Bioleaching Cycle of Low Grade Copper Sulphides. Does this Knowledge Mean a Real Input for Industrial Process Design and Control?" Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.21.

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The paper “Bacterial succession in bioheap leaching” [1] initiated the search for methods to analyze the microbial dynamics in bioleaching industrial processes as a key to advancing commercial bioheap applications. “Chemical and physical conditions within bioheaps change radically from the time the bioheap is stacked and inoculated until bioleaching is completed.” The results from a comprehensive monitoring program by culturing and molecular techniques in an industrial bioleaching process for Run-of-mine (ROM) low grade copper sulfide ore in Chile will be summarized. The analysis of the compiled information permits an understanding of changes in microbial substrates availability, chemical and physical conditions. The impact of other aspects on microbiology, such as the mining programme and the industrial design are also considered. The bacterial succession in bioheap leaching solutions allowed the leaching cycle stages to be describe as: i) Acid conditioning and soluble copper releasing, ii) Chalcocite Bacterial leaching (ferrous oxidation); iii) Chalcocite Bacterial leaching (ferrous and reduced sulfur compounds –RSC- oxidation); iv) Bacterial leaching of sulphide minerals with higher rest potentials (pyrite and covellite ), v) Bacterial oxidation of remnant sulfide minerals and RSC.

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Kupka, Daniel, Michal Lovás, and Vladimir Šepelák. "Deferrization of Kaolinic Sand by Iron Oxidizing and Iron Reducing Bacteria." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.130.

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Iron oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, iron reducing bacteria Acidiphilium spp. and their mixture were applied for leaching of iron impurities from quartz sand. The bacterial leaching was carried out in order to decrease the amount of colouring iron oxides and to improve the technological properties of the raw material. Mineralogical analysis confirmed the presence of siderite, iron-bearing muscovite and various amorphous and crystalline forms of iron oxides occurring both free and coating siderite and quartz particles. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed various oxidation and magnetic states of iron ions, with the prevalence of reduced ionic species. Highest extraction of iron was achieved with pure culture of iron-reducing bacteria with ferrous iron as dominant species in the leaching liquor. Surprisingly, iron oxidizing bacteria caused passivation of the surface of iron-bearing minerals, resulting in the depression of iron leaching in comparison with abiotic control. Ferric iron was major species in the leaching solution containing the mixed culture of iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing bacteria. The mixture was far less efficient in iron extraction than pure culture of iron-reducing bacteria.

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15

Conić, Vesna, Srđan Stanković, Branislav Marković, Dragana Božić, Jovica Stojanović, and Miroslav Sokić. "Investigation of the optimal technology for copper leaching from old flotation tailings of the copper mine bor (Serbia)." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 26, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/514.

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This work aimed to investigate optimal leaching technology for copper extraction from old flotation tailings of the Copper Mine Bor. The leaching degree of copper after leaching with sulphuric acid at 80 °C was 50%, the maximal leaching degree was achieved after 30 minutes. Then, old flotation tailings were leached with adapted moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria in a bioreactor at 40 °C. Maximal leaching degree of 84% was achieved after nine days of the experiment. The third leaching experiment was conducted with biogenic lixiviant obtained by bacterial oxidation of the ferrous iron (concentration of Fe3+ 1300 mgL-1, pH 2.14). Biogenic lixiviant with ferric sulphate was then used in the leaching experiment at 80 °C. Maximal leaching degree was 78%, and it was achieved after five minutes. Results of the leaching experiments show that the most efficient technology for copper recovery from the old flotation tailings of the Copper Mine Bor was leaching with biogenic lixiviant.

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Luo, Wen Jie, Hong Ying Yang, and Zhe Nan Jin. "Study on the Gold Recovery of Double Refractory Gold Ore Concentrate by Biological Oxidation Pretreatment." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.379.

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In this paper, Bacterial oxidation-cyanide leaching experiments were carried out and the carbonaceous substances composition of carbonaceous gold concentrate was been studied. The elemental composition was 9.73 % iron, 9.66 % sulfur, 4.84 % arsenic and 13.23 % carbon which element carbon and organic carbon was 12.11wt.% and 0.06 wt.% respectively. The main carbonaceous substances were elemental carbon which the morphology was dense and similar to graphite. The removal rates of iron, arsenic and sulfur were achieved to 93.78%, 97.02% and 95.54% respectively by bioleaching, and the gold recovery of oxidation residue reached 92.34% by carbon inhibited cyanide leaching process. The sulfide minerals packing problem could be effectively solved by bacterial oxidation process and greatly increased the gold recovery. So the bacteria oxidation and carbon inhibited leaching process is applicable to the carbonaceous gold ore.

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17

CRUNDWELL, F. K. "The Indirect Mechanism of Bacterial Leaching." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509608962434.

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18

McCready, R. G. L., and Marcos Zentilli. "Beneficiation of Coal by Bacterial Leaching." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 24, no. 2 (April 1985): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1985.24.2.135.

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Srimekanond, Amphan, Vincent J. Thangavelu, and John C. Madgwick. "Thermophilic bacterial leaching of manganese dioxide." Journal of Industrial Microbiology 10, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01569769.

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Liu, Jian-she, Hai-bo Xia, Zhao-hui Wang, and Yue-hua Hu. "Bacterial oxidation activity in heap leaching." Journal of Central South University of Technology 11, no. 4 (December 2004): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-004-0078-2.

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Ke, Jiajun, and Hongmei Li. "Bacterial leaching of nickel-bearing pyrrhotite." Hydrometallurgy 82, no. 3-4 (August 2006): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.011.

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22

Saavedra, Albert, and Eduardo Cortón. "Leaching of Pyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Monitored by Electrochemical Methods." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.541.

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The aim of this work was to use electrochemical methods, capable to follow the corrosion of minerals, in order to monitor the progressive attack of the bacteria on the mineral. The assay was performed in a three electrode cell, with pyrite as the working electrode. The tests were performed in the absence and presence of iron; when present it was in low concentration. In order to compare the bacterial attack with other conditions, the study was conducted in three systems: live bacteria in culture media, dead bacteria in culture media, and sterile culture media, used as a control. The initial bacterial concentration was 106 bact.mL-1. To follow the process, current and corrosion potential were calculated. Live bacteria system showed a continuous increase of current with respect to the incubation time, being up to 4-times higher in the condition with iron (the corrosion current is related to the increase of the mineral area, produced by the bacterial attack, which was corroborated identifying by SEM the bacterial fingerprint on the mineral). Dead bacteria and sterile culture medium showed no current increase with respect to time. In addition, voltammetric studies shown that in live bacteria system the surface area increased when the biofilm was present. Whereas, in the dead bacteria system only the presence of some organic compounds interacting with the mineral was detected. The controls (sterile culture medium) showed the presence of iron hydroxides complexes and elemental sulfur, product of chemical leaching and the initial phase of a passivation process. With this study we demonstrated that the leaching process can be monitored by electrochemical methods, where the process of bacterial-mineral interaction could be followed, and also simultaneously identifying the initial processes of passivation. Our work can be useful for the development of a device for the in situ monitoring of biomining processes.

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Jiang, Shuang, Graeme D. Buchan, Mike J. Noonan, Neil Smith, Liping Pang, and Murray Close. "Bacterial leaching from dairy shed effluent applied to a fine sandy loam under irrigated pasture." Soil Research 46, no. 7 (2008): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07216.

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This experiment investigated bacterial transport from land-applied dairy shed effluent (DSE), via field lysimeter studies, using 2 contrasting irrigation methods. Transient water flow and bacterial transport were studied, and the factors controlling faecal coliform (FC) transport are discussed. Two trials (Trial 1, summer; Trial 2, autumn) were carried out, using 6 undisturbed soil monolith lysimeters, 500 mm diameter by 700 mm deep, with a free-draining, Templeton fine sandy loam. DSE with inert chemical tracers was applied at the start of both trials using the same method, followed with repeated 14-day cycles of either flood or spray irrigation of water. A bacterial tracer, antibiotic-resistant faecal coliform, was added to the DSE in Trial 2 only, to distinguish applied FC from external or resident FC. Leachates were collected after each water application (or heavy rainfall when applicable) for enumeration of FC and measurement of tracers. All lysimeters were instrumented for monitoring volumetric water content, matric potential, and soil temperature at 4 depths (100, 250, 450, and 600 mm). The results showed that bacteria could readily penetrate through 700-mm-deep soil columns, when facilitated by water flow. The highest post-water irrigation concentration was 3.4 × 103 cfu/100 mL under flood irrigation, which resulted in more bacterial and Br– leaching than spray irrigation. Trial 2 (autumn) results also showed significant differences between irrigation treatments in lysimeters sharing similar drainage class (moderate or moderately rapid), flood irrigation again gave more bacterial and tracer (Cl–) leaching. In the summer trial, FC in leachate as high as 1.4 × 106 cfu/100 mL, similar to the concentration of DSE, was detected in one lysimeter that had a higher clay content in the topsoil immediately after DSE application, and before any water irrigation. This indicates that applied DSE leached through preferential flow paths without any dilution. Bacterial concentration in the leachate was positively correlated with both volumetric water content and water potential, and sometimes drainage rate. Greater bacterial leaching was found in the lysimeter with rapid whole-column effective hydraulic conductivity, Keff, for both flood and spray treatments. Occasionally, the effect of Keff on water movement and bacterial transport overrode the effect of irrigation. The ‘seasonal condition’ of the soil (including variation in initial water content) also influenced bacterial leaching, with less risk of leaching in autumn than in summer. These findings contribute to our increased understanding of bacterial transport processes on the field scale.

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Vereh-Belousova, Ekaterina, and Alina Harlamova. "Environmentally Safe Trends of Coal Mining Waste Usage as Aluminum Technogenic Raw Material." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 20, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-1-142-150.

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Purpose: Substantiation and development of new environmentally safe trends for utilization of dump rock of Donbass coal mines as technogenic aluminum deposits. To investigate mineralogical and chemical composition of dump rock samples of metamorphism varying degrees in order to substantiate the possibility of their processing as technogenic poor aluminum raw material. To conduct the experiments on chemical and biochemical (bacterial) leaching of fluid (soluble) aluminum compounds from dump rock samples. Methods: Analysis of chemical transformations and technogenic mineralogy in stored dump rock. Chemical and biochemical acid leaching of aluminum sulfate salts from dump rock of metamorphism varying degrees was carried out. Results: It has been established that according to the content of bauxites, the dump rock of Donbass coal mines can be attributed to poor aluminum raw material. Method of acid chemical leaching of soluble aluminum compounds with sulfuric acid solutions of various concentrations is proposed and effective leaching with weak acid solutions is proved. Method of biochemical (bacterial) leaching of aluminum salts is substantiated and vindicated. Practical significance: It is testified that environmental friendliness and cost–effectiveness of the process of closely-grouped biochemical leaching is ensured by the fact that the main reagent — sulfuric acid - is formed naturally as a result of bacteria vital functions and the process does not need additional technological units for acid production.

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Fecko, P., Z. Sitavancova, L. Cvesper, and V. Cablik. "Bacterial desulphurization of coal from mine CSA Most." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 42, no. 1 (2006): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0601013f.

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The objective of the paper was application of bacterial leaching on 3 brown coal samples from bore S 187 (CV) from locality Mine CSA Most. Based on the results of bacterial leaching and petrologic analyses of the given samples, it is possible to state that the individual samples are very similar, they contain significant shares of clay materials and pyrite is predominantly represented in a framboidal form, which intergrowths into a massive form. Applying bacterial leaching it is possible to remove from 24 to 40% of total sulphur and from 20 to 37% of pyritic sulphur from the coals.

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Yang, Hongying, Wenjie Luo, and Ying Gao. "Effect of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on Humic-Acid Passivation Layer on Pyrite Surface." Minerals 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8100422.

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The effect of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on the humic-acid passivation layer on pyrite surfaces was studied by atomic-force microscopy, leaching experiments, and adsorption experiments. Atomic-force-microscopy results showed that humic-acid was adsorbed onto the pyrite surface. The bacteria grew and reproduced on the humic-acid layer. Leaching experiments showed that the humic-acid passivation layer prevented the oxidation of pyrite by Fe3+ under aseptic conditions. Bacteria destroyed the humic-acid layer, promoted pyrite oxidation, and increased the oxidation of pyrite from 1.64% to 67.9%. Bacterial adsorption experiments showed that the humic-acid passivation layer decreased the speed of bacterial adsorption on the pyrite surface but had no effect on the number of bacteria adsorbed on the pyrite surface. The maximum number of bacteria adsorbed by pyrite with and without the humic-acid layer was 4.17 × 1010 cells∙mL−1 and 4.4 × 1010 cells∙mL−1, respectively. Extracellular polymeric stratum layer of bacteria cultured at different concentrations of humic-acid was extracted and analyzed. This layer could destroy the humic-acid layer and promote pyrite oxidation.

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Koizhanova, Aigul, David Magomedov, Nurgali Abdyldayev, Maria Yerdenova, and Akbota Bakrayeva. "The effect of biochemical oxidation on the hydrometallurgical production of copper." Teknomekanik 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v6i1.16072.

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The article presents the results of the use of the biochemical leaching method for copper-bearing non-commercial ore in a full hydrometallurgical cycle. The object of the study was the average copper-bearing ore of the Satbayev deposit, with an initial copper content of 0.26%. The experimental part of the full hydrometallurgical cycle included percolation leaching, extraction, and re-extraction tests, as well as electrodeposition tests and the production of finished cathode copper. Two variants of percolation leaching were performed as a comparison: a standard method using only sulfuric acid and a preliminary bacterial oxidation method for mineral raw materials with an adapted bacterial strain, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Percolation leaching experiments showed a significant reduction in sulfuric acid consumption when preliminary bacterial oxidation was used. Upon reaching the level of copper extraction from the ore of 86–87%, the final consumption of sulfuric acid for the standard leaching method was 15.5 kg per ton, while 9.4 kg per ton was required for the biochemical method. The productive solution obtained in the biochemical leaching process showed full suitability for all technological stages of hydrometallurgical copper production.

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Fowler, T. A., and F. K. Crundwell. "Leaching of Zinc Sulfide by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: Experiments with a Controlled Redox Potential Indicate No Direct Bacterial Mechanism." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 3570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.10.3570-3575.1998.

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ABSTRACT The role of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in bacterial leaching of mineral sulfides is controversial. Much of the controversy is due to the fact that the solution conditions, especially the concentrations of ferric and ferrous ions, change during experiments. The role of the bacteria would be more easily discernible if the concentrations of ferric and ferrous ions were maintained at set values throughout the experimental period. In this paper we report results obtained by using the constant redox potential apparatus described previously (P. I. Harvey and F. K. Crundwell, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:2586–2592, 1997). This apparatus is designed to control the redox potential in the leaching compartment of an electrolytic cell by reduction or oxidation of dissolved iron. By controlling the redox potential the apparatus maintains the concentrations of ferrous and ferric ions at their initial values. Experiments were conducted in the presence of T. ferrooxidans and under sterile conditions. Analysis of the conversion of zinc sulfide in the absence of the bacteria and analysis of the conversion of zinc sulfate in the presence of the bacteria produced the same results. This indicates that the only role of the bacteria under the conditions used is regeneration of ferric ions in solution. In this work we found no evidence that there is a direct mechanism for bacterial leaching.

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Hung, Nguyen Van. "STUDY ON THE USE OF ACIDOPHILIC IRON OXIDIZING BACTERIA FOR DISSOLVING IRON FROM LOW-GRADED CHALCOPYRITE ORES." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4A (March 21, 2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4a/11990.

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Biomining is a microbiological-based approach to extract minerals from ores without adding acids and other extraction chemicals. Having biological nature, the process is considered environmental friendly and tends to be applied more widely nowadays, especially for low-graded ores, for which chemical extraction is no longer efficient. In this study, two iron oxidizing bacterial strains Acidithiobacillus sp. IOB1 and Leptospirillum sp. IOB2 originated from mining sites in Vietnam were used in laboratory leaching experiments for the recovering minerals from low-graded chalcopyrite ores. The obtained results showed that both strains could significantly accelerate the leaching process, the highest iron dissolution rate was estimated for 0.83 g×kg-1×d-1 within two weeks of incubation with strain IOB2, about 30 % and 50 % respectively higher than leaching with strain IOB1 or control without bacteria, respectively. The iron extraction from ores was also evidenced by EDX analyses comparing the ore particles before and after incubation with the bacteria. Microscopic observation of DAPI-stained ore particles also showed high cell density attached to the particles, instead of freely moving in the liquid extract. Furthermore, FISH analyses using a specific probe for the g-Proteobacteria GAM42a revealed that only ~50 % of DAPI-stained cells were Acidithiobacillus sp. IOB1 – like in the leaching experiment with this train as starting culture, indicating that other bacterial species have developed and contributed to the metal dissolution here; however very rare positive signals were observed in leaching experiment with strain IOB2 as starting culture or the control without added bacteria. Thus, the acidophilic iron oxidizing strains Acidithiobacillus sp. IOB1 and Leptospirillum sp. IOB2 could serve as potential microbial sources for the development of biologically based approaches to extract minerals from ores, especially for those having low mineral contents.

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Nakazawa, Hiroshi, and Hayato Sato. "Bacterial leaching of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts." International Journal of Mineral Processing 43, no. 3-4 (June 1995): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(95)00005-x.

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31

SHARMA, VIJAYA LAKSHMI, MALAY CHAUDHURI, and ARUN KUMAR BISWAS. "Bacterial leaching of zinc from flotation tailings." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 37, no. 1 (1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.37.1.

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32

Schippers, A., P. Jozsa, and W. Sand. "Sulfur chemistry in bacterial leaching of pyrite." Applied and environmental microbiology 62, no. 9 (1996): 3424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.9.3424-3431.1996.

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33

Bomberg, Malin, Hanna Miettinen, and Päivi Kinnunen. "The Diverse Indigenous Bacterial Community in the Rudna Mine Does Not Cause Dissolution of Copper from Kupferschiefer in Oxic Conditions." Minerals 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030366.

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Blasting and fracking of rock in mines exposes fresh rock surfaces to the local water and microbial communities. This may lead to leaching of metals from the rock by chemical or biological means and can cause acidification of the water system in the mine, i.e., acid rock drainage (ARD). Failure to prevent leakage of metal contaminated mine water may be harmful for the environment, especially to the local groundwater. In the Rudna mine, Poland, an in situ bioleaching pilot test at approximately 1 km depth was performed in the H2020 BIOMOre project (Grant Agreement #642456). After the leaching stage, different methods for irreversible inhibition of acidophilic iron oxidizing microorganisms used for reoxidation of reduced iron in the leaching solution were tested and were shown to be effective. However, the potential of the natural mine water microbial communities to cause leaching of copper or acidification of the mine waters has not been tested. In this study, we set up a microcosm experiment simulating the exposure of freshly fractionated Kupferschiefer sandstone or black schist to two different chloride-rich water types in the Rudna mine. The pH of the microcosms water was measured over time. At the end of an 18-week incubation, the bacterial community was examined by high throughput sequencing and qPCR, and the presence of copper tolerant heterotrophic bacteria was tested by cultivation. The dissolution of copper into the chloride rich microcosm water was measured. The pH in the microcosms did not decrease over the time of incubation. The sandstone increased the number of bacteria in the microcosms with one or over two orders of magnitude compared to the original water. The bacterial communities in the two tested mine waters were diverse and similar despite the difference in salinity. The bacterial diversity was high but changed in the less saline water during the incubation. There was a high content of sulphate reducing bacteria in the original mine waters and in the microcosms, and their number increased during the incubation. No acidophilic iron oxidizers were detected, but in the microcosms containing the less saline water low numbers of Cu tolerant bacteria were detected. Copper to a concentration of up to 939 mg L−1 was leached from the rock also in the microbe-free negative controls, which was up to 2.4 times that leached in the biotic microcosms, indicating that the leaching was also abiotic, not only caused by bacteria.

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Farrokhian Firouzi, Ahmad, Mehdi Homaee, Erwin Klumpp, Roy Kasteel, and Wolfgang Tappe. "Bacteria transport and retention in intact calcareous soil columns under saturated flow conditions." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2015-0020.

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Abstract Study of bacterial transport and retention in soil is important for various environmental applications such as groundwater contamination and bioremediation of soil and water. The main objective of this research was to quantitatively assess bacterial transport and deposition under saturated conditions in calcareous soil. A series of leaching experiments was conducted on two undisturbed soil columns. Breakthrough curves of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Cl were measured. After the leaching experiment, spatial distribution of bacteria retention in the soil columns was determined. The HYDRUS-1D one- and two-site kinetic models were used to predict the transport and deposition of bacteria in soil. The results indicated that the two-site model fits the observed data better than one-site kinetic model. Bacteria interaction with the soil of kinetic site 1 revealed relatively fast attachment and slow detachment, whereas attachment to and detachment of bacteria from kinetic site 2 was fast. Fast attachment and slow detachment of site 1 can be attributed to soil calcium carbonate that has favorable attachment sites for bacteria. The detachment rate was less than 0.02 of the attachment rate, indicating irreversible attachment of bacteria. High reduction rate of bacteria was also attributed to soil calcium carbonate.

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Wong, L., and J. G. Henry. "Decontaminating Biological Sludge for Agricultural Use." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1985): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0161.

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A biological oxidation process called bacterial leaching was used to remove heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge. The purpose was to decontaminate the sludge so that it could be utilized on agricultural land. The leaching process was found to be affected by pH, aeration and temperature. At α pH of 4, an aeration rate of 100 cm3 of air per litre of sludge per minute and a temperature of 25°C, the following metal removal efficiencies were observed: cadmium, 80 - 85% ; copper, 66 - 80% ; nickel, 70 - 78% and zinc, 84 - 90%. No significant removal was observed for lead. In addition to removing heavy metals, bacterial leaching preserves the soil conditioning and fertilizing properties of the sludge. According to Ontario guidelines, the sludge used in this study was initially not acceptable for use on agricultural lands. However, after bacterial leaching, all criteria for the application of sludge to agricultural lands were easily met.

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Shooner, Frédéric, and Rajeshwar D. Tyagi. "Microbial ecology of simultaneous thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion of sewage sludge." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-150.

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The microbial population encountered during a simultaneous thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion process at 50 °C, based on microbial sulfur oxidation, was investigated. The cell count of the sulfuric acid producer Thiobacillus thermosulfatus increased, followed by a decrease. In the absence of sulfur (control: conventional thermophilic digestion), Thiobacillus thermosulfatus population decreased under the detection limit. Acidophilic and neutrophilic heterotrophic populations increased during the leaching process, and the final acidophilic population count was higher than the neutrophilic population. During the thermophilic digestion (control), the final neutrophilic population count was higher than the acidophilic. Six heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated and partially characterized. Bacillus was the most predominant genus. The type of bacterial populations in thermophilic microbial leaching and digestion, as well as the thermophilic digestion process (control), were the same, while only the relative concentrations changed. In both processes, the bacterial indicators decreased under the detection limit after 12 h. Mesophilic heterotrophic population was more affected by the thermophilic microbial leaching process than by thermophilic digestion. Sludge mineralization was probably more influenced by the final cell concentration rather than the presence of an individual species or mixed population.Key words: Thiobacillus thermosulfatus, thermophilic metal leaching, thermophilic sludge digestion, indicator microorganisms.

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Belykh, M. P., Sergey V. Petrov, Andrey Yu Chikin, Grigoriy I. Voiloshnikov, and Natalia L. Belkova. "Detoxification of Heap after Gold Leaching Using Biodegradation." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.587.

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Bacteria which are adapted both to high content of toxic compounds and to the environments grow in autochthonous communities of gold heap leach (HL) wastes. In the following study of HL waste from a deposit in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (Russia) it was shown that microbial processes had a greater impact on the degradation of cyanides and of complex copper and nickel cyanides, respectively, compared to a chemical degradation. The diversity of bacterial communities growing under natural and model conditions was determined.

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Tyagi, R. D., J. F. Blais, and J. C. Auclair. "Bacterial leaching of metals from sewage sludge by indigenous iron-oxidizing bacteria." Environmental Pollution 82, no. 1 (1993): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90156-i.

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De Rosa, M., G. Vigliotta, A. Soriente, V. Capaccio, G. Gorrasi, R. Adami, E. Reverchon, M. Mella, and L. Izzo. "“Leaching or not leaching”: an alternative approach to antimicrobial materials via copolymers containing crown ethers as active groups." Biomaterials Science 5, no. 4 (2017): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6bm00950f.

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New copolymers containing MMA and 18C6 crown-ether pendants, with or without a PEG arm, were synthesized to check if sequestering structural alkali-earth ions from the bacterial outer membrane (OM) may lead to bacterial death.

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SASAKI, Keiko, Masami TSUNEKAWA, Hidetaka KONNO, Tsuyoshi HIRAJIMA, and Takakatsu TAKAMORI. "Leaching Behavior and Surface Characterization of Pyrite in Bacterial Leaching with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans." Shigen-to-Sozai 109, no. 1 (1993): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.109.29.

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Gu, G., Li Jun Su, Guan Zhou Qiu, and Y. Hu. "Adhesion of Acidithiobacillus Caldus and Leptospirillum Ferriphilum on Pyrite and their Effect on Surface Properties of Sulfide Minerals." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.449.

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Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferriphilum cells grown in different energy substances (ferrous ion, sulfur and pyrite) were used. The adhesion of A. caldus and L. ferriphilum cells on pyrite and their effect on pyrite surface properties were studied by adsorption, zeta-potential and FT-IR methods, and the corrosion images of pyrite interaction with bacteria were examined using atomic force microscopy. Research showed that pyrite isoelectric point (IEP) after interaction with bacterial cells shifted towards cells isoelectric point, and the shift degree in case of interaction with A. caldus was observed to be much more pronounced than for interaction with L. ferriphilum, which can be due to higher affinity of A. caldus towards pyrite. The FT-IR spectra of pyrite treated with bacterial cells revealed the presence of the cell functional groups signifying cells adsorption. Although the adsorption density of A. caldus on pyrite was higher than that of L. ferriphilum, L. ferriphilum with strong ability to oxidize ferrous ion showed better leaching efficiency than A. caldus with strong ability to oxidize sulfur for pyrite leaching. The results demonstrated that more important of indirect action (L. ferriphilum) than direct action (A. caldus) on pyrite.Introduction Bacterial adsorption to minerals is an initial step in bacterial leaching for metal recovery [1]. It has been reported that bacterial adhesion is dependent not only on the biochemical properties of the organism but also on the interfacial properties of the various interfaces existing in a bioleaching system[2].The bacteria-mineral interactions result in the changes of their surface properties. The elucidation of their alternate will be beneficial for bioleaching processes. Both Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferriphilum are known for their ability to inhabit acidic environments and derive energy from oxidation of inorganic substances with natural occurrence in ore deposits and acid mine drainage and high affinity towards sulfide minerals [3-5]. In this work, the alterations of surface properties of pyrite after interaction with L. ferriphilum and A. caldus are studied, and the changes in surface properties caused by bacterial adsorption are discussed with reference to bioleaching behavior of pyrite.

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Muñoz, Alexa, Denise Bevilaqua, and Oswaldo Garcia Jr. "Leaching of Ni and Cu from Mine Wastes (Tailings and Slags) Using Acid Solutions and A. Ferrooxidans." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.425.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the acidic and biological leaching of tailings containing Ni/Cu from a flotation and smelting plant. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, strain LR, was used for bioleaching at pH 1.8 and chemical controls were run parallel to that. The acidic leaching was done within 48 hours at pH 0.5 and 1.0. In the slag inoculated flasks the redox potential was high (600 mV), thus indicating oxidative bacterial activity, however, the obtained results after 15 days showed only around 13% Ni and 8% Cu extractions, which were not different to those of the controls. For the flotation tailings bioleaching extractions were approximately 45% for Ni and 16% for Cu while differing figures were obtained for the chemical controls. These were 30% and 12% respectively. Here we could observe that the presence of bacterial activity led to a higher solubility of Ni. Acid leaching of slag showed higher nickel and copper extractions: 56% and 24% respectively at pH 0.5 and 21% and 11% at pH 1.0. However, the acid consumption was 320 and 150 Kg/ton of slag, respectively, both much higher than in bacterial assays. These results indicated that Ni and Cu solubilization from the slag is acid dependent no matter the redox potential or ferric iron concentration of the leaching solution. For flotation tailings, acid treatment showed extractions of 23% for Ni and 16% for copper at pH 0.5 and 22% and 28%, respectively at pH 1.0. The acid consumption was also higher: 220 and 120 Kg/ton, at pH 0.5 and 1.0, respectively. Based on own findings we could observe that acid leaching is found to be more effective for slag, though the acid consumption is much higher, while for the flotation tailings, bacterial leaching seems to be the best alternative.

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Jiang, Guangming, Mike J. Noonan, Graeme D. Buchan, and Neil Smith. "Transport and deposition of Bacillus subtilis through an intact soil column." Soil Research 43, no. 6 (2005): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04140.

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Bacterial transport in unsaturated soils is much less well understood than in saturated conditions, especially for intact soils. This paper aims to investigate the fate and transport of bacteria in intact soils with different water saturations, and particularly the effect of low suction (and hence removal of water flow in the largest macropores). An intact soil column (0.50 m diameter by 0.70 m depth) with a tension infiltrometer was used to investigate the transport and deposition of Bacillus subtilis endospores (i.e. dormant and persistent bacteria) during saturated and unsaturated flows. Soil porosity and pore size distribution were measured. Porosity decreased with depth and macropores were concentrated in the topsoil. Three tensiometers and a temperature sensor were installed along the soil column to monitor matric suction and temperature. Breakthrough curves for bacteria and chemical tracer Br– at 0 and 0.5 kPa suction were obtained during the 3-month leaching experiment. Bacterial breakthrough occurred earlier than the inert chemical tracer, which is consistent with effects of pore size exclusion. Also, saturated flow gave a significantly higher concentration and recovery ratio of leached bacteria, i.e. 51% v. 0.88%. Recovery of Br– in leachate at both suctions reached >85%. The column was destructively sampled for deposited endospores at the completion of leaching. Bacterial deposition was concentrated in the top 0.10 m, then decreased abruptly and was relatively constant with column depth, although showing some irregularity at the bottom of the column.

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Li, Zhongliu, Nianze Wu, Yuying Song, and Junchen Xiang. "Investigating the Potential of Biobinder for Bottom Ash Solidification/Stabilization: Leaching Behaviour and pH Dependence." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2023): 7859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15107859.

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Nowadays, a large amount of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (IBA) is produced from waste incineration plants; therefore, it is still a challenge for IBA management. To investigate the potential of microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) for IBA treatment, a harmless biobinder was prepared by using biosolutions with different bacterial concentrations. A series of tests were carried out on the sample of the IBA treated with different biosolutions, such as leaching behavior, sequential extraction, pH dependence, pore distribution, and microscopic morphology. The results showed that Zn, Cu, and Pb in the IBA after biotreatment were all below the standard limitation. In the sample with 108 cells/mL bacterial concentration, the leaching concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cr were 0.39 mg/L, 0.12 mg/L, 0.025 mg/L, and 0.021 mg/L, respectively, and the average immobilization ratio reached 76.4%. The results of the characterization and microscopic morphology showed that biomineralization generated a large number of bioprecipitates and biogels, which formed a compact structure to reduce the pore size of samples, thus immobilizing the heavy metals. The bacteria could change the chemical speciation and bonds of the heavy metals by induction, which turned the heavy metals into stable compounds. Additionally, the lowest leaching concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cr appeared at pH of 8–10.5. This study analyzed the feasibility of bacterial concentration for IBA solidification/stabilization and provides a new biotechnology idea for IBA management.

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Lan, Zhuo Yue, Di Fei Li, and Qi Fu Zhang. "Electrochemical Study on the Bioleaching of Marmatite." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.512.

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Shaking-flask experiments and electrochemical tests were conducted to study the bioleaching of marmatite with mixed cultures of mesophilic bacteria. The effects of copper ions and the surfactant, o-phenylenediamines (OPD) on the bioleaching were investigated. The electrochemical mechanism of the bioleaching was researched through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the decrease in leaching rate was associated with a passive film (elemental sulfur) formed on the surface of marmatite in the leaching course. It was found that, however, the passive film dissolved readily under high potential conditions or with the bacterial action. Especially, in the presence of bacteria, the decomposition of the passive film was accelerated by adding either copper ions or OPD, leading to a significant increase in the bioleaching rate of marmatite.

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Iodis, V. A. "Apparatus for bacterial-chemical leaching of sulfide ore." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, S46 (2020): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-12-46-128-138.

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Zhappar, Nariman, Oleg Ten, Darkhan Balpanov, Rakhmetulla Erkasov, and Abdigali Bakibayev. "PERCOLATION BACTERIAL LEACHING OF LOW-GRADE COPPER ORE." Kompleksnoe ispolʹzovanie mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 306, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2018/6445.14.

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Roy Chaudhury, G., L. B. Sukla, and R. P. Das. "Utilisation of low-grade pyrites through bacterial leaching." International Journal of Mineral Processing 26, no. 3-4 (July 1989): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(89)90033-1.

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Couillard, D., M. Chartier, and G. Mercier. "Bacterial leaching of heavy metals from aerobic sludge." Bioresource Technology 36, no. 3 (January 1991): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(91)90236-d.

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Krafft, Christopher, and Roll O. Hallberg. "Bacterial leaching of two Swedish zinc sulfide ores." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 11, no. 1-3 (July 1993): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00275.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacterial leaching'

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