Journal articles on the topic 'Bacterial hormones'
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Chetverikov, Sergey, Lidiya Vysotskaya, Elena Kuzina, Tatiana Arkhipova, Margarita Bakaeva, Gulnaz Rafikova, Tatiana Korshunova, Darya Chetverikova, Gaisar Hkudaygulov, and Guzel Kudoyarova. "Effects of Association of Barley Plants with Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria on the Content of Soluble Organic Compounds in Clean and Oil-Contaminated Sand." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050975.
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Plant-bacteria consortia are more effective in bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil than when either organism is used individually. The reason for this is that plant root exudates promote growth and activity of oil degrading bacteria. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the ability of bacteria to influence root exudation. Therefore, the influence of barley plants and/or bacterial inoculation (Pseudomonas hunanensis IB C7 and Enterobacter sp. UOM 3) on the content of organic acids, sugars and plant hormones in the eluate from clean and oil-polluted sand was studied separately or in combination. These strains are capable of oxidizing hydrocarbons and synthesizing auxins. Concentrations of organic acids and sugars were determined using capillary electrophoresis, and hormones by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In the absence of plants, no sugars were detected in the sand, confirming that root exudates are their main source. Introducing bacteria into the sand increased total contents of organic compounds both in the presence and absence of oil. This increase could be related to the increase in auxin amounts in the sand eluate, as well as in plants. The results indicate that bacteria are able to increase the level of root exudation. Since auxins can promote root exudation, bacterial production of this hormone is likely responsible for increased concentrations of soluble organic compounds in the sand. Bacterial mediation of root exudation by affecting plant hormonal status should be considered when choosing microorganisms for phytoremediation.
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Taylor-Robinson, David. "Hormones in bacterial vaginosis." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2007.005700.
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García-Gómez, Elizabeth, Bertha González-Pedrajo, and Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo. "Role of Sex Steroid Hormones in Bacterial-Host Interactions." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/928290.
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Sex steroid hormones play important physiological roles in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues, including immune cells. These hormones exert their functions by binding to either specific intracellular receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors or membrane receptors that stimulate several signal transduction pathways. The elevated susceptibility of males to bacterial infections can be related to the usually lower immune responses presented in males as compared to females. This dimorphic sex difference is mainly due to the differential modulation of the immune system by sex steroid hormones through the control of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression, as well as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression and antibody production. Besides, sex hormones can also affect the metabolism, growth, or virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In turn, pathogenic, microbiota, and environmental bacteria are able to metabolize and degrade steroid hormones and their related compounds. All these data suggest that sex steroid hormones play a key role in the modulation of bacterial-host interactions.
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Harutyunyan, K. R., K. V. Melkumyan, H. T. Abrahamyam, S. H. Adamyan, D. H. Khudaverdyan, and A. S. Ter-Markosyan. "Calcium-regulating hormonal system in cardiac functional activity." NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL, no. 4 (2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56936/18290825-2022.16.4-54.
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The variance of calcium homeostasis is known as a risk factor for the development of heart failure. A study of calcium-regulating hormones is a crucial element to understand underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure. Pro-inflammatory factors, released during mechanical, hypoxic or bacterial damage of myocardial cells, lead to an imbalance of calcium and disrupt to heart function. The investigation of mentioned factors influence mechanism on the heart, is an urgent solution for preventing the development of heart failure. Present study aimed to reveal the role of calcium-regulating hormones in heart functional activity and their possible involvement in the development of heart failure. The pharmacological analysis of the action mechanism of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on heart functional activity was carried out using a calcium channel blocker. The concentrations of calcium-regulating hormones in blood serum in patients suffering from heart failure was determined by immunoassay enzyme method, and ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations - by spectrophotometric method. The photoelectrical method was used to determine the direct effect of calcium-regulating hormones and possible calcium-dependent action mechanism of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on the isolated frog’s heart. Clinical findings show that chronic heart failure is accompanied by shifts in the calcium-regulating hormonal system and blood electrolyte balance. In vitro experiments on isolated frog hearts have shown the potentiating effect of parathyroid hormone, its related protein, calcitonin, and vitamin D3 on myocardial contractility. It has been shown, that bacterial lipopolysaccharides suppress the contractile and rhythmogenic functions of the myocardium, and their action can be mediated through a calcium-dependent mechanism. The increase of parathyroid hormone in chronic heart failure has a protective significance aimed at maintaining the contractile ability of a weakened myocardium and preserving cardiac output. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides are able to suppress functional activity of the heart by calcium-dependent mechanism.
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Lesouhaitier, Olivier, Thomas Clamens, Thibaut Rosay, Florie Desriac, Mélissande Louis, Sophie Rodrigues, Andrei Gannesen, et al. "Host Peptidic Hormones Affecting Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Virulence." Journal of Innate Immunity 11, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493926.
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Bacterial biofilms constitute a critical problem in hospitals, especially in resuscitation units or for immunocompromised patients, since bacteria embedded in their own matrix are not only protected against antibiotics but also develop resistant variant strains. In the last decade, an original approach to prevent biofilm formation has consisted of studying the antibacterial potential of host communication molecules. Thus, some of these compounds have been identified for their ability to modify the biofilm formation of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition to their effect on biofilm production, a detailed study of the mechanism of action of these human hormones on bacterial physiology has allowed the identification of new bacterial pathways involved in biofilm formation. In this review, we focus on the impact of neuropeptidic hormones on bacteria, address some future therapeutic issues, and provide a new view of inter-kingdom communication.
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Hanafi, Ahmad, Susiana Purwantisari, and Budi Raharjo. "Uji Potensi Bakteri Endofit Kitinolitik Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Sebagai Penghasil Hormon IAA (Indole Acetic Acid)." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 19, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.19.1.76-82.
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IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) is a hormone in plants that was role in the cleavage of roots, inhibits the growth of side shoots, stimulate cell division and the formation of xylem and phloem tissue. This study aimed to test the potential of endophytic bacteria chitinolytic rice crop as hormone-producing IAA. This study uses 9 isolates of endophytic bacteria chitinolytic rice plants in isolation during practical work. The experiment consisted of 15 treatments and 3 replications. This study uses a randomized block design. The treatments tryptophan concentration combined with a variation pH, the endophytic bacteria grown on media chitinolytic tryptophan concentration of 0 mg/L, 102 mg/L, 204 mg/L, 306 mg/L and 408 mg/L are combined with pH 5, 7 and 9. the treatment was observed for 48 hours and observation once every 3 hours. The measured variable is the result of the production of IAA hormone with the treatment combination of tryptophan with pH. IAA hormone outcome data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance Univariates at level of 95%. IAA hormone qualitative test results showed positive results in bacterial isolates KA12, KA11 and KB24. IAA hormone quantitative results of bacterial isolates producing IAA hormone KA12 high of 2,03 mg/L in the combination treatment of tryptophan 408 mg/L at pH 7 at 24 hours incubation. KA12 bacterial isolates are endophytic bacteria chitinolytic potential to produce hormones IAA, yet the results of data analysis showed that each treatment combination with pH tryptophan to IAA production were not significantly different. Keywords: hormone IAA, chitinolytic endophytic bacteria, tryptophan, pH
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Sandrini, Sara M., Raminder Shergill, Jonathan Woodward, Remya Muralikuttan, Richard D. Haigh, Mark Lyte, and Primrose P. Freestone. "Elucidation of the Mechanism by Which Catecholamine Stress Hormones Liberate Iron from the Innate Immune Defense Proteins Transferrin and Lactoferrin." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 2 (October 9, 2009): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01028-09.
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ABSTRACT The ability of catecholamine stress hormones and inotropes to stimulate the growth of infectious bacteria is now well established. A major element of the growth induction process has been shown to involve the catecholamines binding to the high-affinity ferric-iron-binding proteins transferrin (Tf) and lactoferrin, which then enables bacterial acquisition of normally inaccessible sequestered host iron. The nature of the mechanism(s) by which the stress hormones perturb iron binding of these key innate immune defense proteins has not been fully elucidated. The present study employed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical iron-binding analyses to demonstrate that catecholamine stress hormones form direct complexes with the ferric iron within transferrin and lactoferrin. Moreover, these complexes were shown to result in the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and the loss of protein-complexed iron. The use of bacterial ferric iron uptake mutants further showed that both the Fe(II) and Fe(III) released from the Tf could be directly used as bacterial nutrient sources. We also analyzed the transferrin-catecholamine interactions in human serum and found that therapeutically relevant concentrations of stress hormones and inotropes could directly affect the iron binding of serum-transferrin so that the normally highly bacteriostatic tissue fluid became significantly more supportive of the growth of bacteria. The relevance of these catecholamine-transferrin/lactoferrin interactions to the infectious disease process is considered.
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Gabor, Caitlin R., Melissa Villatoro-Castañeda, Camila Carlos-Shanley, Nikolett Ujhegyi, and Veronika Bókony. "Gut Bacterial Communities Vary across Habitats and Their Diversity Increases with Increasing Glucocorticoids in Toad Tadpoles." Diversity 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010023.
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The gut microbiome is important for host health and can be influenced by environmental and hormonal changes. We studied the interactions between anthropogenic land use, glucocorticoid hormones, and gut bacterial communities in common toads (Bufo bufo). We sampled tadpoles from ponds of three habitat types (natural, agricultural, and urban ponds), examined gut microbiome composition using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and measured the associated stress physiology using water-borne hormones. Tadpoles from different habitat types significantly differed in bacterial composition. However, bacterial richness, Shannon diversity, and Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio did not vary with habitat type. In contrast with other studies, we found a positive correlation between baseline corticosterone release rate and bacterial diversity. Stress response and negative feedback were not significantly correlated with bacterial diversity. These results suggest that, despite alterations in the composition of intestinal bacterial communities due to land-use change, common toad tadpoles in anthropogenic habitats may maintain their physiological health in terms of the “gut-brain axis”.
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Almalki, Ahmad J., Tarek S. Ibrahim, Sameh S. Elhady, Wael A. H. Hegazy, and Khaled M. Darwish. "Computational and Biological Evaluation of β-Adrenoreceptor Blockers as Promising Bacterial Anti-Virulence Agents." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15020110.
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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing public health threat as it has the potential to affect people at any stage of life, as well as veterinary. Various approaches have been proposed to counteract the bacterial resistance development. Tackling bacterial virulence is one of the most promising approaches that confer several merits. The bacterial virulence is mainly regulated by a communication system known as quorum sensing (QS) system. Meanwhile, bacteria can sense the adrenergic hormones and eavesdrops on the host cells to establish their infection, adrenergic hormones were shown to enhance the bacterial virulence. In this study, β-adrenoreceptor blockers were proposed not only to stop bacterial espionage on our cells but also as inhibitors to the bacterial QS systems. In this context, a detailed in silico study has been conducted to evaluate the affinities of twenty-two β-blockers to compete on different structural QS receptors. Among the best docked and thermodynamically stable β-blockers; atenolol, esmolol, and metoprolol were subjected to further in vitro and in vivo investigation to evaluate their anti-QS activities against Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. The three tested β-blockers decreased the production of QS-controlled C. violaceum, and the formation of biofilm by P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium. Additionally, the tested β-blockers down-regulated the P. aeruginosa QS-encoding genes and S. typhimurium sensor kinase encoding genes. Furthermore, metoprolol protected mice against P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium. Conclusively, these investigated β-blockers are promising anti-virulence agents antagonizing adrenergic hormones induced virulence, preventing bacterial espionage, and blocking bacterial QS systems.
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Del Rio, Laura, Antonio Murcia-Belmonte, Antonio Julián Buendía, Jose Antonio Navarro, Nieves Ortega, Daniel Alvarez, Jesús Salinas, and María Rosa Caro. "Effect of Female Sex Hormones on the Immune Response against Chlamydia abortus and on Protection Conferred by an Inactivated Experimental Vaccine in a Mouse Model." Pathogens 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010093.
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Mice are valuable models extensively used to test vaccine candidates against Chlamydia abortus and to clarify immunopathological mechanisms of the bacteria. As this pathogen has the ability to reactivate during pregnancy, it is important to deepen the knowledge and understanding of some of the effects of female hormones on immunity and vaccination. This study is aimed at describing the role of sex hormones in the pathology of OEA during chlamydial clearance using ovariectomised mice and also gaining an understanding of how 17β-oestradiol or progesterone may impact the effectiveness of vaccination. Animals were treated with sex hormones and infected with C. abortus, and the kinetics of infection and immune response were analysed by means of bacterial isolation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. In a second phase of the study, protection conferred by an experimental vaccine after hormone treatment was assessed. Oestradiol showed a stimulatory effect on the immune response during infection, with a more efficient recruitment of macrophages and T-cells at the infection site. Furthermore, after vaccination, oestradiol-treated animals showed a stronger protection against infection, indicating that this hormone has a positive effect, stimulating a specific memory response to the pathogen.
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Brooke-Hollidge, Anna, Joy Conway, and Adam Lewis. "Gender differences in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis severity and bacterial load: the potential role of hormones." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 15 (January 2021): 175346662110353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17534666211035311.
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Non cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a complex chronic respiratory disease, characterised by excessive sputum production and abnormal permanent dilation of bronchi. Mucus accumulation leads to recurrent bacterial infections and increased bacterial load, causing vicious cycles of structural damage and decreased lung function. Respiratory physiotherapy management of NCFB includes airway clearance techniques and use of nebulised, hypertonic saline. Despite advances in treatment, a consistent relationship has been observed between gender and disease occurrence, with a higher prevalence amongst females. Furthermore, NCFB presents most aggressively amongst post-menopausal females, a group likely exposed to higher levels of progesterone (P4) over a longer period of time. The effects of gender-specific hormones on bacterial load and physiotherapy management of people living with NCFB remain unknown. The aim of this narrative review was to discuss the potential influence of gender specific hormones on NCFB disease progression and influence on physiotherapy, medical management and future research. SCOPUS and PUBMED electronic databases were used to conduct searches for relevant studies using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Secondary inclusion of relevant literature was obtained from primary paper references. Previous literature suggests that P4 may impair Cilia Beat Frequency (CBF) in airway epithelium. Reduction in CBF may further reduce ability to expectorate amongst individuals with NCFB, increasing bacterial load and likelihood of exacerbations, negatively impacting on disease progression. Furthermore, coadministration of Estrogen has been suggested to offer opposing effects to that of P4 only. These findings question whether hormonal levels may be monitored, controlled and optimised within management and treatment of females with NCFB to improve airway clearance, reduce exacerbations and improve quality of life. Larger scale, long-term trials are required to further explore the effects of gender specific hormones on NCFB and the viability of treatment with hormone replacement therapy. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Spencer, H., M. H. Karavolos, D. M. Bulmer, P. Aldridge, S. R. Chhabra, K. Winzer, P. Williams, and C. M. A. Khan. "Genome-Wide Transposon Mutagenesis Identifies a Role for Host Neuroendocrine Stress Hormones in Regulating the Expression of Virulence Genes in Salmonella." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 3 (November 20, 2009): 714–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01329-09.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial sensing of environmental signals plays a key role in regulating virulence and mediating bacterium-host interactions. The sensing of the neuroendocrine stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) plays an important role in modulating bacterial virulence. We used MudJ transposon mutagenesis to globally screen for genes regulated by neuroendocrine stress hormones in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We identified eight hormone-regulated genes, including yhaK, iroC, nrdF, accC, yedP, STM3081, and the virulence-related genes virK and mig14. The mammalian α-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine reversed the hormone-mediated effects on yhaK, virK, and mig14 but did not affect the other genes. The β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol had no activity in these assays. The virK and mig14 genes are involved in antimicrobial peptide resistance, and phenotypic screens revealed that exposure to neuroendocrine hormones increased the sensitivity of S. Typhimurium to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. A virK mutant and a virK mig14 double mutant also displayed increased sensitivity to LL-37. In contrast to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), we have found no role for the two-component systems QseBC and QseEF in the adrenergic regulation of any of the identified genes. Furthermore, hormone-regulated gene expression could not be blocked by the QseC inhibitor LED209, suggesting that sensing of hormones is mediated through alternative signaling pathways in S. Typhimurium. This study has identified a role for host-derived neuroendocrine stress hormones in downregulating S. Typhimurium virulence gene expression to the benefit of the host, thus providing further insights into the field of host-pathogen communication.
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Pochernikov, DG, NT Postovoytenko, VV Getman, and IS Galkina. "Diagnostic significance of Lactobacillus spp. identification in ejaculate." Bulletin of Russian State Medical University, no. (3)2020 (June 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2020.039.
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Popularization of the real-time polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR), which is a trend of the recent years, allowed to significantly expand of the range of microorganisms that can be detected in the genitourinary tract of men. Moreover, the available picture of the microbiome's bacterial component structure became more detailed. Lactobacillus spp. remains one of the least studied groups of microorganisms. Treating patients with reproductive disorders, the authors have accumulated clinical experience demonstrating the possible relationship between presence of Lactobacillus spp. in the ejaculate and changes in the level of sex hormones and the key values registered with a spermogram. This study aimed to compare the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in blood serum and changes in spermogram values in 210 men with and without Lactobacillus spp. detected in their ejaculate. The treatment group included 105 men whose ejaculate had Lactobacillus spp. in the amount of (Lg) ≥ 103, as detected by RT-PCR. The control group included 105 men whose ejaculate did not have Lactobacillus spp. detected; the microbiome's bacterial component structure of their ejaculate was normal. Compared to the control group, treatment group had hormonal disorders registered more often: abnormal levels of three or more hormones (p = 0.04), hyperestradiolemia (p = 0.05), increased level of SHBG (p = 0.01). It was established that the presence of Lactobacillus spp. in the ejaculate of treatment group participants is associated with oligoastenoteratozoospermia (p < 0.01), decreased concentration of spermatozoa (p = 0.01), their decreased motility (p < 0.01) morphology abnormalities (p < 0.01). Thus, the presence of Lactobacillus spp. in the ejaculate can be interpreted as an additional marker of hormonal imbalance and fertility dysfunction in men.
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Ponnusamy, Loganathan, Haley Sutton, Robert D. Mitchell, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Charles S. Apperson, and Richard Michael Roe. "Tick Ecdysteroid Hormone, Global Microbiota/Rickettsia Signaling in the Ovary versus Carcass during Vitellogenesis in Part-Fed (Virgin) American Dog Ticks, Dermacentor variabilis." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061242.
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The transovarial transmission of tick-borne bacterial pathogens is an important mechanism for their maintenance in natural populations and transmission, causing disease in humans and animals. The mechanism for this transmission and the possible role of tick hormones facilitating this process have never been studied. Injections of physiological levels of the tick hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), into part-fed (virgin) adult females of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, attached to the host caused a reduction in density of Rickettsia montanensis in the carcass and an increase in the ovaries compared to buffer-injected controls. This injection initiates yolk protein synthesis and uptake by the eggs but has no effect on blood feeding. Francisella sp. and R. montanensis were the predominant bacteria based on the proportionality in the carcass and ovary. The total bacteria load increased in the carcass and ovaries, and bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas increased in the carcass after the 20E injection. The mechanism of how the Rickettsia species respond to changes in tick hormonal regulation needs further investigation. Multiple possible mechanisms for the proliferation of R. montanensis in the ovaries are proposed.
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Cronin, M. J., W. S. Evans, A. D. Rogol, A. A. Weiss, M. O. Thorner, D. N. Orth, W. E. Nicholson, T. Yasumoto, and E. L. Hewlett. "Prokaryotic adenylate cyclase toxin stimulates anterior pituitary cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 251, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): E164—E171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.251.2.e164.
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Bordetella pertussis synthesizes a variety of virulence factors including a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (AC) toxin. Treatment of anterior pituitary cells with this AC toxin resulted in an increase in cellular cAMP levels that was associated with accelerated exocytosis of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). The kinetics of release of these hormones, however, were markedly different; GH and prolactin were rapidly released, while LH and ACTH secretion was more gradually elevated. Neither dopamine agonists nor somatostatin changed the ability of AC toxin to generate cAMP (up to 2 h). Low concentrations of AC toxin amplified the secretory response to hypophysiotrophic hormones. We conclude that bacterial AC toxin can rapidly elevate cAMP levels in anterior pituitary cells and that it is this response that explains the subsequent acceleration of hormone release.
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Dias, Sara P., Matthijs C. Brouwer, Anita Boelen, and Diederik van de Beek. "Cerebrospinal fluid sex steroid hormones in bacterial meningitis." Medicine 101, no. 36 (September 9, 2022): e30452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000030452.
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Ismail, Mohamed A., Mohamed A. Amin, Ahmed M. Eid, Saad El-Din Hassan, Hany A. M. Mahgoub, Islam Lashin, Abdelrhman T. Abdelwahab, et al. "Comparative Study between Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Hormones versus Metabolites of Microbial Endophytes as Plant Growth-Promoting for Phaseolus vulgaris L." Cells 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051059.
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Microbial endophytes organize symbiotic relationships with the host plant, and their excretions contain diverse plant beneficial matter such as phytohormones and bioactive compounds. In the present investigation, six bacterial and four fungal strains were isolated from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root plant, identified using molecular techniques, and their growth-promoting properties were reviewed. All microbial isolates showed varying activities to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and different hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, protease, pectinase, and xylanase. Six bacterial endophytic isolates displayed phosphate-solubilizing capacity and ammonia production. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the promotion activity of the metabolites of the most potent endophytic bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis PB2 and Brevibacillus agri PB5) and fungal (Alternaria sorghi PF2 and, Penicillium commune PF3) strains in comparison to two exogenously applied hormone, IAA, and benzyl adenine (BA), on the growth and biochemical characteristics of the P. vulgaris L. Interestingly, our investigations showed that bacterial and fungal endophytic metabolites surpassed the exogenously applied hormones in increasing the plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormones and yield traits. Our findings illustrate that the endophyte Brevibacillus agri (PB5) provides high potential as a stimulator for the growth and productivity of common bean plants.
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Hruzevskiy, O. A., and V. V. Minukhin. "The stress hormones effect on the progression of vaginal bacterial dysbiosis." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 24, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(3)-14.
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Annotation. The stress objective marker is the neuro-hormonal stress-implementing system stress and the increase the cortisol and prolactin levels in the blood, leading to the “distress syndrome” formation. Aim – to establish the stress effect, revealed according to the level of stress- implementing hormones, in particular cortisol and prolactin, on the progression of vaginal bacterial dysbiosis and the bacterial vaginosis (BV) development. During the study there were used the data taken from 298 women, who were divided into the following groups according to the Opportunistic pathogenic microflora index (OPMI) and normobiota index (NBI): normocenosis (n=53), dysbiosis I (n=128) and II degree (n=117) among the latter 83 patients with NBI>1 lg GE/sample were identified, in which BV was established. Molecular genetic studies of the epithelium scraping from the vagina posterolateral wall were carried out by Polymerase chain reaction (“DNK-Technologiia” LLC, RF). Facultative and obligate anaerobes, myco- and ureplasmas, and yeast-like fungi were quantified. The cortisol and prolactin blood levels were identified. For statistical analysis, the Statistica 10 software (StatSoft, Inc., USA) was used. Catch out that the blood cortisol content with dysbiosis progression compared with the normocenosis has changed in two-phase: it was increased with I degree dysbiosis (1.2–1.4 times; p<0.01) and decreased with II degree dysbiosis and BV (1.5 times; p<0.001). So, with respect to the classical concept of the General adaptive syndrome of G. Selye, the first dysbiosis development stages can be considered as reaction of “anxiety”, while the development of BV is a reaction of “exhaustion”. The blood prolactin content compared with normocenosis with dysbiosis was increased, which was most expressed in BV (1.5 times; p <0.001). It also reflected the stress response development with increased central nervous system stress. The blood hormones content has relation with BV-associated microbiota indexes: prolactin was positively related with NBI, and cortisol was negatively related to the number of Atopobium vaginalis. Thus, according to the data obtained, BV can be attributed to the stress pathology with the "distress syndrome" development and the content of cortisol and prolactin in the blood can be considered as marker factors for hormonal regulation disorder.
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Fetissov, Sergueï O., Romain Legrand, and Nicolas Lucas. "Bacterial Protein Mimetic of Peptide Hormone as a New Class of Protein- based Drugs." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171005110620.
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Specific peptide molecules classified as hormones, neuropeptides and cytokines are involved in intercellular signaling regulating various physiological processes in all organs and tissues. This justifies the peptidergic signaling as an attractive pharmacological target. Recently, a protein mimetic of a peptide hormone has been identified in Escherichia coli suggesting the potential use of specific bacterial proteins as a new type of peptide-like drugs. We review the scientific rational and technological approaches leading to the identification of the E. coli caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) homologue protein as a conformational mimetic of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a melanocortin peptide critically involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis in humans and animals. Theoretical and experimental backgrounds for the validation of bacterial ClpB as a potential drug are discussed based on the known E. coli ClpB amino acid sequence homology with α-MSH. Using in silico analysis, we show that other protein sources containing similar to E. coli ClpB α-MSH-like epitopes with potential biological activity may exist in Enterobacteriaceae and in some Brassicaceae. Thus, the original approach leading to the identification of E. coli ClpB as an α-MSH mimetic protein can be applied for the identification of mimetic proteins of other peptide hormones and development of a new type of peptide-like protein-based drugs.
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Morishita, M., H. Aoyama, K. Tokumoto, and Y. Iwamoto. "The Concentration of Salivary Steroid Hormones and the Prevalence of Gingivitis at Puberty." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020023601.
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Gingival conditions of 1323 junior high schoolchildren aged 12-15 were examined, and 132 children who had either healthy gingivae or severe gingivitis were called to the clinic. More precise examination of gingivitis was performed by assessment of Jackson's gingivitis index (G.I.), probing depth (P.D.), and bleeding on probing. Whole saliva was collected, and the salivary concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Subgingival bacterial plaque was sampled from 36 children, and total bacterial counts and morphological differentiation were performed under a phase-contrast microscope. For statistical analysis, both males and females were divided into two groups according to the concentration of each sex hormone and subgrouped by the results of clinical examinations. Chi-square analysis using 2-by-2 tables was performed to determine the relation between salivary steroid hormone levels and gingival inflammation. The results suggest that unbalanced secretion of certain hormones might be one of the factors promoting gingivitis at puberty.
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Yuniawati, Rafika, Siti Fatimah, Reni Indrayanti, Ifa Manzila, Tri Puji Priyatno, and Dwi Ningsih Susilowati. "Increasing the Growth and Quality of Red Chili with Growth Hormone from Endophytic Bacteria." Jurnal AgroBiogen 15, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v15n2.2019.p75-82.
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<p>Red chili is a very important horticultural commodity in Indonesia having low productivity and quality. Cultivation method needs to be improved including the use of exogenous growth hormones. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the optimum concentration of IAA and GA growing hormones from isolate B6.2 in stimulating plant growth and improving the quality of large red chili fruit; (2) molecular identity of the B6.2 bacterial isolate. The growth hormone content of B6.2 isolates using HPLC obtained 0.49 ppm IAA and 64.53 ppm GA. The growth hormone potential test on the growth and quality of chili was carried out with a concentration of 1, 3, 5 ml/l, while water and synthetic hormones was used as negative and positive control, respectively. The experimental design used was a Complete Random Design with the foliar spray application to the plant canopy three times during the growth period. The results showed the best concentration in increasing plant height, fruit weight, shooth wet, and dry weight compared to controls at the age of 76 days after planting (dap) was a concentration of 5 ml/l, with the values of 71.7±0.9 cm , 94.7±0.3 g, 11.5±0.43 g, and 1.4±0.09 g, respectively. The molecular identification showed that B6.2 isolate was classified as Bacillus vallismortis with 100% homology. The growth hormone from isolate B6.2 has the potential to increase growth and production of red chili plants.</p>
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Pelzer, E. S., J. A. Allan, J. M. Allan, T. Launchbury, and C. L. Knox. "150. IN VITRO CHARACTERISATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN HUMAN FOLLICULAR FLUID." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs150.
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Previous studies have detected bacteria in follicular fluid collected at the time of trans-vaginal oocyte retrieval but this was not shown to adversely affect ART outcomes. The antimicrobial properties of follicular fluid have also been investigated, and follicular fluid was reported to be inhibitory to Gram positive bacteria after four days, but supported the growth of Gram negative bacteria. In this study 36 follicular fluid specimens collected from assisted reproductive technology (ART) patients were tested for the presence of bacteria by culture and 16S rRNA PCR assays. Follicular fluid aliquots (24) were incubated and subcultured for 28 weeks and the ability of these follicular fluids to form biofilms in vitro was assessed. A further 12 follicular fluid specimens were inoculated into broth media with and without the addition of estradiol and progesterone at concentrations reported in follicular fluid of hyperstimulated women. Bacteria in polymicrobial (22%) or singles species populations (78%) were detected in the 24 follicular fluid specimens tested. The most prevalent bacteria detected were Lactobacillus species (18/35 total bacterial isolates, 51%) and Propionibacterium spp. (5/35, 14%). All follicular fluids supported the growth of bacteria in vitro for up to 28 weeks. Bacteria in 18/24 (75%) of follicular fluid specimens, formed biofilms in vitro. The majority of biofilms formed were grade IV 7/18 (39%) or grade III biofilms 7/18 (39%). Lactobacilli were also the most prevalent cultivable species within mature biofilms (51% of total isolates). Whilst high levels of steroid hormones were required for the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. in vitro, the growth of both Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli was inhibited by these hormones. Follicular fluid is not sterile and is an excellent growth media for bacteria, capable of supporting survival for long periods of time. Bacteria which can survive within follicular fluid over time can form mature biofilms, which enables persistence. Women undergoing ART cycles have elevated concentrations of steroid hormones within their follicular fluid and this can modulate the ability of some bacterial species to proliferate. The impact of these bacteria on the developing oocyte and ART pregnancy outcomes requires further investigation.
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Nieto, Pamela A., Hernán F. Peñaloza, Francisco J. Salazar-Echegarai, Raquel M. Castellanos, Maria Cecilia Opazo, Luis Venegas, Oslando Padilla, Alexis M. Kalergis, Claudia A. Riedel, and Susan M. Bueno. "Gestational Hypothyroidism Improves the Ability of the Female Offspring to Clear Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection and to Recover From Pneumococcal Pneumonia." Endocrinology 157, no. 6 (April 1, 2016): 2217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1957.
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Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for proper fetal development. A deficit of these hormones during gestation has enduring consequences in the central nervous system of the offspring, including detrimental learning and impaired memory. Few studies have shown that thyroid hormone deficiency has a transient effect in the number of T and B cells in the offspring gestated under hypothyroidism; however, there are no studies showing whether maternal hypothyroidism during gestation impacts the response of the offspring to infections. In this study, we have evaluated whether adult mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers have an altered response to pneumococcal pneumonia. We observed that female mice gestated in hypothyroidism have increased survival rate and less bacterial dissemination to blood and brain after an intranasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further, these mice had higher amounts of inflammatory cells in the lungs and reduced production of cytokines characteristic of sepsis in spleen, blood, and brain at 48 hours after infection. Interestingly, mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers had basally increased vascular permeability in the lungs. These observations suggest that gestational hypothyroidism alters the immune response and the physiology of lungs in the offspring, increasing the resistance to respiratory bacterial infections.
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Huang, Qian, C. Ronald Kahn, and Emrah Altindis. "Viral Hormones: Expanding Dimensions in Endocrinology." Endocrinology 160, no. 9 (July 16, 2019): 2165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00271.
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AbstractViruses have developed different mechanisms to manipulate their hosts, including the process of viral mimicry in which viruses express important host proteins. Until recently, examples of viral mimicry were limited to mimics of growth factors and immunomodulatory proteins. Using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach, we have shown that viruses possess the DNA/RNA with potential to encode 16 different peptides with high sequence similarity to human peptide hormones and metabolically important regulatory proteins. We have characterized one of these families, the viral insulin/IGF-1–like peptides (VILPs), which we identified in four members of the Iridoviridae family. VILPs can bind to human insulin and IGF-1 receptors and stimulate classic postreceptor signaling pathways. Moreover, VILPs can stimulate glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo and stimulate DNA synthesis. DNA sequences of some VILP-carrying viruses have been identified in the human enteric virome. In addition to VILPs, sequences with homology to 15 other peptide hormones or cytokines can be identified in viral DNA/RNA sequences, some with a very high identity to hormones. Recent data by others has identified a peptide that resembles and mimics α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone’s anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, these studies reveal novel mechanisms of viral and bacterial pathogenesis in which the microbe can directly target or mimic the host endocrine system. These findings also introduce the concept of a system of microbial hormones that provides new insights into the evolution of peptide hormones, as well as potential new roles of microbial hormones in health and disease.
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Almalki, Ahmad J., Tarek S. Ibrahim, Sameh S. Elhady, Khaled M. Darwish, and Wael A. H. Hegazy. "Repurposing α-Adrenoreceptor Blockers as Promising Anti-Virulence Agents in Gram-Negative Bacteria." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020178.
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Antimicrobial resistance is among the world’s most urgent public health problems. Diminishing of the virulence of bacteria is a promising approach to decrease the development of bacterial resistance. Quorum sensing (QS) systems orchestrate the bacterial virulence in inducer–receptors manner. Bacteria can spy on the cells of the host by sensing adrenergic hormones and other neurotransmitters, and in turn, these neurotransmitters can induce bacterial pathogenesis. In this direction, α-adrenergic blockers were proposed as an anti-virulence agents through inhibiting the bacterial espionage. The current study aimed to explore the α-blockers’ anti-QS activities. Within comprehensive in silico investigation, the binding affinities of seven α-adrenoreceptor blockers were evaluated towards structurally different QS receptors. From the best docked α-blockers into QS receptors, terazosin was nominated to be subjected for further in vivo and in vitro anti-QS and anti-virulence activities against Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Terazosin showed a significant ability to diminish the QS-controlled pigment production in C. violaceum. Moreover, Terazosin decreased the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and down-regulated its QS-encoding genes. Terazosin protected mice from the P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. In conclusion, α-adrenergic blockers are proposed as promising anti-virulence agents as they hinder QS receptors and inhibit bacterial espionage.
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Grondman, Inge, Aline H. de Nooijer, Nikolaos Antonakos, Nico A. F. Janssen, Maria Mouktaroudi, Konstantinos Leventogiannis, Marco Medici, et al. "The Association of TSH and Thyroid Hormones With Lymphopenia in Bacterial Sepsis and COVID-19." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 7 (March 13, 2021): 1994–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab148.
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Abstract Context Lymphopenia is a key feature of immune dysfunction in patients with bacterial sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the cause is largely unknown. Severely ill patients may present with thyroid function abnormalities, so-called nonthyroidal illness syndrome, and several studies have linked thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) to homeostatic regulation and function of lymphocyte populations. Objective This work aimed to test the hypothesis that abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of absolute lymphocyte counts, circulating TSH, T4, free T4 (FT4), T3, albumin, and inflammatory biomarkers was performed in 2 independent hospitalized study populations: bacterial sepsis (n = 224) and COVID-19 patients (n = 161). A subgroup analysis was performed in patients with severe lymphopenia and normal lymphocyte counts. Results Only T3 significantly correlated (ρ = 0.252) with lymphocyte counts in patients with bacterial sepsis, and lower concentrations were found in severe lymphopenic compared to nonlymphopenic patients (n = 56 per group). Severe lymphopenic COVID-19 patients (n = 17) showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of TSH, T4, FT4, and T3 compared to patients without lymphopenia (n = 18), and demonstrated significantly increased values of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and ferritin. Remarkably, after 1 week of follow-up, the majority (12 of 15) of COVID-19 patients showed quantitative recovery of their lymphocyte numbers, whereas TSH and thyroid hormones remained mainly disturbed. Conclusion Abnormal thyroid function correlates with lymphopenia in patients with severe infections, like bacterial sepsis and COVID-19, but future studies need to establish whether a causal relationship is involved.
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Kesaulya, H., A. Talahaturuson, A. M. Kalay, E. Matatula, I. J. Lawalatta, M. L. Hehanussa, and S. J. Nendissa. "Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria of maize." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 883, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012028.
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Abstract Isolation and characterization of rhizobacteria are an effort to determine the ability of root colony bacteria to produce various compounds that can be used for various purposes of bio-fertilizer formulations and microbial-based industrial interests. This study aims to characterize biochemically, morphologically and physiologically as well as the ability of root bacteria in maize to produce hormones that can stimulate plant growth. There is a wide variety of isolates morphologically and biochemically, besides that there is the ability of bacterial isolates to physiologically dissolve phosphate, fix nitrogen, produce ACC-deaminase, IAA and GA enzymes.
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Kartikawati, Andriana, Betty Natalie Fitriatin, and Tualar Simarmata. "Isolation and In Vitro Potential Test of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Asiatic Pennywort (Centella asiatica L. Urban) Rhizosphere." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 32, no. 2 (October 14, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v32n2.2021.86-98.
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<em>Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica), a potential medicinal plant, is widely grown in the highlands dominated by Andisols. Phosphorus deficiency is one of the most common cultivation constraints in Andisols soils. Applying phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is an alternative to overcome P nutrient deficiency in Andisol soil because it can dissolve insoluble phosphate into soluble phosphate and produce growth hormones for plants. The study aimed to obtain phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolates from the Asiatic pennywort rhizosphere, which can also produce IAA hormones and phosphatase enzymes. Bacteria were isolated on Pikovskaya medium, which was specific as phosphate solvent. Parameters observed were phosphate solubilization index, gram stain test, colony morphology, phosphatase activity, and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Based on the isolation result, 29 isolates were Gram-negative bacteria, and one was Gram-positive. Twenty-five bacterial isolates could dissolve P; 10 isolates had the highest P solubilization index, possessed phosphatase activity, and produced IAA. The phosphatase activity ranged from 2.153–2.272 µg.g<sup>-1</sup>.hour<sup>-1,</sup> and IAA production was between 3.668–7.385 ppm. Three bacterial isolates from the Asiatic <em>Pennyworth rhizosphere LMP 3.11, LMP 1.11, and LMP 3.18 showed the ability to dissolve phosphate in vitro of 5.04-7.00 µg.g<sup>-1</sup>.hour<sup>-1</sup> and generated IAA 6.611-7.385 ppm. However, the three isolated bacteria are still required to evaluate for their safety in plants (hypersensitivity test) and mammals (hemolysis test). Furthermore, they should be formulated and tested for potency on Asiatic pennyworth grown on Andisols.</em></em>
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Arkhipova, Tatiana, Guzel Sharipova, Guzel Akhiyarova, Ludmila Kuzmina, Ilshat Galin, Elena Martynenko, Oksana Seldimirova, et al. "The Effects of Rhizosphere Inoculation with Pseudomonas mandelii on Formation of Apoplast Barriers, HvPIP2 Aquaporins and Hydraulic Conductance of Barley." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050935.
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Pseudomonas mandelii strain IB-Ki14 has recently been shown to strengthen the apoplastic barriers of salt-stressed plants, which prevents the entry of toxic sodium. It was of interest to find out whether the same effect manifests itself in the absence of salinity and how this affects the hydraulic conductivity of barley plants. Berberine staining confirmed that the bacterial treatment enhanced the deposition of lignin and suberin and formation of Casparian bands in the roots of barley plants. The calculation of hydraulic conductance by relating transpiration to leaf water potential showed that it did not decrease in bacteria-treated plants. We hypothesized that reduced apoplastic conductivity could be compensated by the higher conductivity of the water pathway across the membranes. This assumption was confirmed by the results of the immunolocalization of HvPIP2;5 aquaporins with specific antibodies, showing their increased abundance around the areas of the endodermis and exodermis of bacteria-treated plants. The immunolocalization with antibodies against auxins and abscisic acid revealed elevated levels of these hormones in the roots of plants treated with bacteria. This root accumulation of hormones is likely to be associated with the ability of Pseudomonas mandelii IB-Ki14 to synthesize these hormones. The involvement of abscisic acid in the control of aquaporin abundance and auxins—in the regulation of and formation of apoplast barriers—is discussed.
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Wulandari, Nova, Mokhamad Irfan, and Robbana Saragih. "ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA DARI RIZOSFER KEBUN KARET RAKYAT." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 35, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2019.vol35(3).4565.
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ABSTRACT
The diversity of vegetation that grows on the ground will affect the number and type of microbes in the rhizosphere of folk rubber plantations. The purpose of this research is to know the population, genus, and biological activity of PGPR bacteria (IAA hormone producers, phosphate solvents and biocontrol agents) originating from the rhizosphere of folk rubber plantations. This research was conducted from March to May 2018 at the Laboratory of Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Islamic State University Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau and UPT Health and Environment Laboratory. This research used an observation method by taking soil samples that are composted, and data are presented in descriptive form. The parameters observed in this research were soil pH, bacterial population, characterization of PGPR bacteria includes macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical reaction test and PGPR bacterial biological activity (IAA test qualitatively, phosphate solvent test and in-vitro inhibitory test). The results showed that the pH of the soil obtained at a depth of 0-20 cm was 3.19 with a bacterial population of 1.06 × 106 CFU/g of soil. A total of 4 isolates were able to produce IAA hormones namely genus Bacillus sp.1, Bacillus sp.2, Bacillus sp.3, and Bacillus sp.5. A total of 2 isolates were able to dissolve foster, namely genus Bacillus sp.1 and Bacillus sp.2 and 2 isolates were able to play a role as inhibitory power against Fusarium sp. namely the genus Bacillus sp. 4 and Bacillus sp.5. There were 5 isolates of PGPR bacteria that had different biological activity abilities, namely genus Bacillus sp.1, Bacillus sp.2, Bacillus sp.3, Bacillus sp.4, and Bacillus sp.5.
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Dodueva, Irina, Maria Lebedeva, and Lyudmila Lutova. "Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112243.
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Various plant hormones can integrate developmental and environmental responses, acting in a complex network, which allows plants to adjust their developmental processes to changing environments. In particular, plant peptide hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stress and the interaction of plants with their pathogens and symbionts. Various plant-interacting organisms, e.g., bacterial and fungal pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as symbiotic and plant-beneficial bacteria and fungi, are able to manipulate phytohormonal level and/or signaling in the host plant in order to overcome plant immunity and to create the habitat and food source inside the plant body. The most striking example of such phytohormonal mimicry is the ability of certain plant pathogens and symbionts to produce peptide phytohormones of different classes. To date, in the genomes of plant-interacting bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, the genes encoding effectors which mimic seven classes of peptide phytohormones have been found. For some of these effectors, the interaction with plant receptors for peptide hormones and the effect on plant development and defense have been demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the currently described classes of peptide phytohormones found among the representatives of other kingdoms, as well as mechanisms of their action and possible evolutional origin.
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Fatimah, Fatimah, Risky Lailatul Ayu Fadilah, Annida Izzatul Millah, Tri Nurhariyati, Bambang Irawan, Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh, Moch Affandi, et al. "Ability Test of IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) Hormone-Producing Endophytic Bacteria from Lamongan Mangrove." Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jrba.v4n1.p42-50.
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Most of the plant-associated bacteria can synthesize active biological components of phytohormones such as auxin. This study aimed to examine the potency of 61 endophytic bacteria isolates from the mangroves at Kutang Beach, Lamongan in producing IAA hormone and to identify types of isolates effecting the concentration of IAA, morphological characteristics of isolates, as well as endophytic bacterial species that have the most potential to produce IAA hormone. Screening of endophytic bacteria isolates was performed using the colorimetric method and the production of IAA was carried out using the spectrophotometric method. IAA production by endophytic bacteria was analyzed descriptively and statistically. One-Way ANOVA was employed to determine the effect of the isolate type on the concentration of IAA. The most potential isolates to produce IAA hormone are identified by 16s rRNA gene marker. The screening results showed that 12 isolates of endophytic bacteria have the potential to produce IAA hormones (2.0-9.3 ppm), coded with LMG 7, 15, 31, 32, 43, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, and 63. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test suggested that the type of isolates did not affect the concentration of IAA produced by endophytic bacteria. The twelve isolates had different morphological characters and those were Gram-positive bacilli with cell sizes ranging from 1.5 µm - 3 µm. The highest concentration of IAA was produced by LMG 15 (9.3 ppm). LMG 15 was identified as Bacillus cereus strain LMG 15, having 99.33% similarity to Bacillus cereus strain IAM 12605.
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Henz, Leo J., and Frank E. Johnson. "Ultrastructure of E. coli: An in vitro study of cells cultured in the presence of four gastrointestinal (GI) hormones." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100160698.
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Hormones are found in exocrine secretions entering the gut. They alter the morphology of many eukaryotic cells; whether they affect the morphology of enteric flora is unknown. In this study, we examined the ultrastructure of E. coli, a common bacterium in the mammalian gut, for morphological changes resulting from exposure to GI hormones.E. coli (#11775 from American Type Culture Collection) were grown in protease-free trypticase soy broth (TSB) at 37°C for 18 hr to a concentration of 2 x 107 cells/ml. Pure synthetic hormones were used: sulfated C-terminal cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK), pentagastrin (PG), cyclic somatostatin tetradecapeptide (SS), or the porcine form of secretin (SEC). These were individually added to. bacterial cultures in TSB to make 1 x 107 organisms/ml and 0.0, 0.5, 2.5, or 5.0 μg of hormone/ml, then incubated for 30 min at 37°C. The cultures were rapidly chilled and added to equal volumes of cold 6% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer. After 30 min, the bacteria were concentrated by centrifugation (15 min at 4000 RPM) and the pellets suspended in cold 3% glutaraldehyde for an additional 15 min, followed by centrifugation. The pellets were resuspended in cold cacodylate buffer and stored at 2°C for 1-7 d. The cells were again centrifuged and the pellets were blotted with a strip of filter paper to remove excess fluid, then mixed with a drop of warm 2% agar. The agar suspensions were pipetted into cold saline. The resulting solidified extrusions were cut by hand into 2 mm segments for further processing in 1% OsO4 (with or without en bloc staining in 2% uranyl acetate (UA) in ethanol). Following dehydration in ethanol, rinsing in propylene oxide, and encapsulation in Epon-Araldite, thin sections were examined and photographed with a JEOL-100C microscope.
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Martynenko, Elena, Tatiana Arkhipova, Vera Safronova, Oksana Seldimirova, Ilshat Galin, Zarina Akhtyamova, Dmitry Veselov, Ruslan Ivanov, and Guzel Kudoyarova. "Effects of Phytohormone-Producing Rhizobacteria on Casparian Band Formation, Ion Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance of Durum Wheat." Biomolecules 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12020230.
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Inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can increase plant salt resistance. We aimed to reveal bacterial effects on the formation of apoplastic barriers and hormone concentration in relation to maintaining ion homeostasis and growth of salt-stressed plants. The rhizosphere of a durum wheat variety was inoculated with cytokinin-producing Bacillus subtilis and auxin-producing Pseudomonas mandelii strains. Plant growth, deposition of lignin and suberin and concentrations of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and hormones were studied in the plants exposed to salinity. Accumulation of sodium inhibited plant growth accompanied by a decline in potassium in roots and phosphorus in shoots of the salt-stressed plants. Inoculation with both bacterial strains resulted in faster appearance of Casparian bands in root endodermis and an increased growth of salt-stressed plants. B. subtilis prevented the decline in both potassium and phosphorus concentrations and increased concentration of cytokinins in salt-stressed plants. P. mandelii decreased the level of sodium accumulation and increased the concentration of auxin. Growth promotion was greater in plants inoculated with B. subtilis. Increased ion homeostasis may be related to the capacity of bacteria to accelerate the formation of Casparian bands preventing uncontrolled diffusion of solutes through the apoplast. We discuss the relative impacts of the decline in Na accumulation and maintenance of K and P content for growth improvement of salt-stressed plants and their possible relation to the changes in hormone concentration in plants.
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M. P. Basavarajappa, Mahesh S. Dashyal, G. Manjunath D. P. Prakash, and Sayeed Wajeed R. Mulla Anita Rajkumar Ghandhe. "Effect of Different Hormones on Disease Resistance against Bacterial Blight in Pomegranate." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1010.067.
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Bacterial blight in pomegranate is a major disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae, which has resulted in significant economic losses in terms of both quality and quantity. The ineffectiveness of most chemicals in controlling this disease has shifted grower attention to the quest for a new molecule and hence the use of plant growth regulators and signaling molecules is a novel approach to control the disease as well as improving quality and quantity attributes of pomegranate. Hence, the aim of present study was to determine the impact of plant hormones like ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid on bacterial blight of pomegranate. Among different hormones applied, ethrel application shown maximum disease severity (33.2%) and salicylic acid shown lowest disease severity (15.08%) under greenhouse condition.
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Insenser, María, Mora Murri, Rosa del Campo, M. Ángeles Martínez-García, Elena Fernández-Durán, and Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale. "Gut Microbiota and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Influence of Sex, Sex Hormones, and Obesity." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, no. 7 (April 20, 2018): 2552–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02799.
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Abstract Context Gut microbiota play a major role in health and disease by influencing physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function. Objective To evaluate the composition of gut microbiota in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), focusing on the influence of sex, sex hormones and obesity on the associations found. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Academic hospital. Participants We recruited 15 women with PCOS, 16 nonhyperandrogenic control women, and 15 control men. Participants were classified as nonobese (<30 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2) according to their body mass index. Interventions Standardization of diet for 3 consecutive days (at least 300 g of carbohydrates per day) followed by fecal sampling and a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Main Outcome Measures Analysis of bacterial abundance and composition of gut microbiota by massive sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA amplicons in a MiSeq platform (Illumina). Results α Bacterial diversity was reduced in women compared with men, and β diversity was reduced particularly in obese patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS presented with specific abnormalities in gut microbiota consisting of an increased abundance of the Catenibacterium and Kandleria genera. When all participants as a whole were considered, indexes of bacterial diversity and the abundance of several bacterial genera correlated positively with serum androgen concentrations and negatively with estradiol levels. Conclusions The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of young adults are influenced by the combined effects of sex, sex hormone concentrations, and obesity, presenting with specific abnormalities in women with PCOS.
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Frankenfeld, Cara L., Anne McTiernan, Erin J. Aiello, Wendy K. Thomas, Kristin LaCroix, Judy Schramm, Stephen M. Schwartz, Victoria L. Holt, and Johanna W. Lampe. "Mammographic Density in Relation to Daidzein-Metabolizing Phenotypes in Overweight, Postmenopausal Women." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 13, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.1156.13.7.
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Abstract Circulating hormones are associated with mammographic density, an intermediate marker of breast cancer risk. Differences in circulating hormones, including estrone and testosterone, have been observed in premenopausal women based on their capacity to metabolize daidzein, an isoflavone found predominantly in soybeans. Equol and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) are products of intestinal bacterial metabolism of daidzein. There is interindividual variability in the capacity to produce daidzein metabolites; individuals can be equol producers or non-producers and O-DMA producers or non-producers. We tested the hypothesis that daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes are associated with mammographic density. Participants were recruited from among 92 sedentary, postmenopausal women, ages 50 to 75 years, who participated in a 1-year physical activity intervention. Pre-intervention mammographic density was determined using a computer-assisted, gray-scale thresholding technique. Fifty-five of these women consumed supplemental soy protein (>10 mg daidzein/d) for 3 days and collected a first-void urine sample on the fourth day to determine daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes. Equol and O-DMA concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Associations between daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes and percent mammographic density were adjusted for age, maximum adult weight, gravidity, family history of breast cancer, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone and free testosterone concentrations. Mammographic density was 39% lower in equol producers compared with non-producers (P = 0.04). O-DMA producers had mammographic density 69% greater than non-producers (P = 0.05). These results suggest that particular intestinal bacterial profiles are associated with postmenopausal mammographic density, and these associations are not entirely explained by differences in reproductive or anthropometric characteristics or circulating hormones.
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Winter, Jeanette, and Victor D. Bokkenheuser. "Bacterial metabolism of natural and synthetic sex hormones undergoing enterohepatic circulation." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 27, no. 4-6 (January 1987): 1145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4731(87)90201-9.
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Al-Daamy, Alaa A. H. K. "The Effect of Bacterial Infection with Helicobacter pylori on Thyroid Hormones." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 02 (June 25, 2022): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.2.66.
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Objective: Our current research aimed to see if there was a link between Helicobacter pylori infection and thyroid hormone levels. Methods: In Karbala, Iraq, samples were obtained from 84 individuals with H. pylori (42 patients tested positive for H. pylori antigen test and 42 patients tested negative) between December 2021 and January 2022. All subjects had five milliliters of whole blood drawn into clot tubes and centrifuged for 30 minutes to obtain serum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure the amounts of free T4 and TSH in the blood. Results: Females are more susceptible to H. pylori infection than males (p = 0.00001), according to the findings. Furthermore, the mean age of positive test patients is 49.66 years, which is considerably (p = 0.0177) higher than the mean age of negative test patients (43.38 years), and the oldest men are more infected with H. pylori than young men. The results show no significant variations in free T4 concentrations between males and females for both positive and negative tests (p > 0.05). This implies that while infected with H. pylori, the concentration of free T4 was unaffected. Finally, H. pylori infection causes a considerable increase in stomach acid, according to the research. (p = 0.0037) in FSH levels in both sexes. Conclusions: We can determine that females are more likely than males to be infected with H. pylori. And that most patients are aged, particularly men. Furthermore, there is no partnership between H. pylori infection and free F4 hormone levels, and patients with H. pylori have a higher FSH hormone concentration than those with a negative H. pylori antigen test.
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Silva, Clayton dos Santos, Jockeliny Mayara Camara dos Santos, João Manoel da Silva, Felipe Alexandre Tenório, Erica Livea Ferreira Guedes Celestino, Crisea Cristina Nascimento de Cristo, Matus da Silva Nascimento, Yamina Coentro Montaldo, José Ubaldo Lima de Oliveira, and Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos. "Bioprospecting of endophytic bacteria (Bacillus spp.) from passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa) for plant growth promotion." August 2019, no. 13(08):2019 (August 20, 2019): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1837.
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Endophytic bacteria has been reported as plant growth promoters in various cultivated and uncultivated plants. Thus, the objective onf this study was to evaluate the potential of 21 endophytic bacterial isolated from leaves of passionfruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa). In vitro antagonism, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, gibberellins, cytokines and phosphate solubilization were also tested. In vitro antagonism was investigated using volatile metabolites detection by means of the overlapping dishes technique and direct confrontation. The production of IAA was evaluated by means of the colorimetric method with the absorbance reading of the optical density at O.D. (550nm). The phosphate solubilization was measured in a qualitative method by reading the solubilization halo diameter and the quantitative evaluation in liquid medium and reading of O.D. (450 nm). All bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Phytophthora sp. in both methods with values ranging from 50% to >90% inhibition (Skott-Knott, p ≤0 0.05). All the tested endophytic bacteria were also able to produce plant hormones. The phosphate solubilization was more than mean of the liquid medium. Thus, the studied endophytic bacterial isolates are suggested as potential plant growth promoters.
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D'Souza, Shaina J., Vicki Immethun, Matthew Godwin, and James B. McLachlan. "Sexual dimorphism in the antigen-specific T cell response in S. Typhimurium infections within extra-lymphoid tissues." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 110.01. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.110.01.
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Abstract Differences in susceptibility to and severity of infectious diseases between the sexes are well established. Females often generate a beneficially stronger immune response when combatting infection but show an increased risk of developing autoimmunity. While the sex-related hormone estradiol is known to affect CD4 T cell cytokine release in vitro, less is known about T cells behavior in vivo. To address this, we intravenously infected male and female mice with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm). By day 15 post infection (p.i.), male mice showed significantly lower rates of survival. Males also generated a higher number of S. Tm-specific CD4 T cells in the liver but, conversely, displayed higher bacterial burdens. To isolate the role of sex hormones, mice were gonadectomized before reaching sexual maturity and then infected. Ovariectomized mice lost significantly more weight than ovary-intact females by day 15 p.i. Like normal males, ovariectomized females demonstrated a significantly higher number of S. Tm-specific CD4 T cells but also higher liver bacterial burdens. To investigate the role of extra-lymphoid tissues such as the liver, we infected lymphotoxin-alpha (LTa) mice that genetically lack lymphoid tissues. Surprisingly, we found the stark difference in survival and CD4 T cell expansion between the sexes was lost. These differences in T cell expansion, and the commensurate effect on survival, in the presence or absence of endogenous sex hormones or lymphoid tissues indicate that females may have evolved a separate ability to regulate immune responses outside of traditional lymphoid organs. These studies will provide insights into sex-based differences seen in cellular immunity against bacterial pathogens in vivo. Supported by a grant from the Keck Foundation
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Narula, N., A. Deubel, W. Gans, R. K. Behl, and W. Merbach. "Paranodules and colonization of wheat roots by phytohormone producing bacteria in soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 3 (November 15, 2011): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3355-pse.
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Soil bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter, Pantoea and some unidentified soil isolates were tested in vitro for phytohormone production under laboratory and soil conditions. The German wheat variety Munk was inoculated by several soil bacteria with exogenously applied hormones (IAA, 2,4-D) and a flavonoid(naringenin) with a half of the amount of recommended doses of fertilizers under greenhouse conditions. Most of the soil bacteria tested were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), and stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA. A formation of paranodules on roots as a result of crack entry invasion was observed with 2,4-D as well as with IAA. We were able to reisolate the organism from the paranodules and could establish the same results. Analyses for root exudates and in vitro phytohormone production by various bacterial isolates were also carried out, revealing that 2,4-D can be replaced either by high IAA producing bacteria or by exogenous application of IAA. Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin.
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Anggraini, Debie, Dita Hasni, and Rinita Amelia. "Pathogenesis of Sepsis." Scientific Journal 1, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56260/sciena.v1i4.63.
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Sepsis is a clinical condition caused by the body's immune response to infection and manifests as SIRS. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a state of systemic inflammatory response characterized by two or more of the following conditions. Etiology Sepsis can be caused by various microorganisms and the most etiology of sepsis is bacterial. Gram-negative bacteria cause sepsis about 60% - 70% in developing countries, but in the United States the causes of infection by Gram-positive bacteria begin to increase. This may be due to the large number of uses of invasive procedures, increased hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and antibiotic resistance. The body also has anti-inflammatory mechanisms including increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid hormones. The hormone inhibits the synthesis of cytokines by monocytes and decreases the ability of neutrophils to attach to the vascular endothelium. The inflammatory process in sepsis is not controlled leading to the occurrence of excessive discharge of inflammatory mediators over a long time and goes beyond the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the body. This leads to various organ dysfunctions including cardiovascular, liver, pulmonary and renal dysfunctions
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Qureshi, Osama, Hira Sohail, Andrew Latos, and Janice L. Strap. "The effect of phytohormones on the growth, cellulose production and pellicle properties of Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53582." Acetic Acid Bacteria 2, no. 1s (February 26, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aab.2013.s1.e7.
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<em>Gluconacetobacter xylinus</em> is a plant-associated bacterium best studied for its cellulose production. Bacterial cellulose is important in facilitating plant-microbe interactions but little is known about the effect that exogenous phytohormones have on bacterial cellulose synthesis or the growth of <em>G. xylinus</em>. We characterized the growth, development and effect on pellicle characteristics caused by exogenous indole-3- acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin (Z) over a range of concentrations (1 nM to 100 μM). These phytohormones are plant growth regulators known to be involved plant development including fruit ripening and stress tolerance. Each of these hormones stimulated <em>G. xylinus</em> growth and influenced its pellicle characteristics. Exogenous IAA had the greatest effect on <em>G. xylinus</em> pellicles. Growth in IAA produced thin pellicles with very little cellulose. In general, pellicle wet weight was inversely proportional to the bacterial cellulose yield when cultures were grown in the presence of ABA, suggesting ABA influenced pellicle density and hydration. The crystallinity index, CI (IR) of cellulose produced in the presence of each phytohormone over a variety of concentrations was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The observed effect on cellulose crystallinity was concentration and hormone dependent. GA caused the greatest alterations in crystallinity with the highest CI (IR)=0.94 at 1 μM and the lowest CI (IR)=0.47 at 500 nM. Endogenous production of hormones by <em>G. xylinus</em> was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography of extracts prepared from both cell pellets and culture supernatants. We found <em>G. xylinus</em> synthesized GA, ABA and Z but did not produce IAA.
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Rackaityte, Elze, Joanna Halkias, Elle M. Fukui, Ventura F. Mendoza, Clive Hayzelden, Emily D. Crawford, Kei E. Fujimura, Trevor D. Burt, and Susan V. Lynch. "Viable bacterial colonization is limited in the human intestine in utero." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 83.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.83.23.
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Abstract Mucosal immunity develops in the human fetal intestine by 11–14 weeks gestation, yet whether viable microbes exist in utero and interact with intestinal immunity is unknown. Structures consistent with coccoid bacterial morphology, embedded in fetal meconium were evident before mid-gestation by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (n=4). Molecular methods indicated extremely low bacterial burden and simple profiles in fetal meconium (n=40 of 50) compared to controls (n=87). A subset of Micrococcaceae-dominated (n=9) meconium associated with proportions of lamina propria PLZF+ CD161+ CD4+ T cells and divergent intestinal epithelial transcriptomes. Fetal Micrococcus luteus was isolated only in the presence of a monocyte feeder cell line. This strain grew on placental hormones, remained viable within fetal antigen presenting cells, exhibited species-specific immunomodulatory capacity and genomic features indicating fetal adaptation. Thus, viable bacteria are highly limited and inconsistently detectable in human fetal meconium at mid-gestation.
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Percival, D. A. "The measurement of hormones and bacterial antigens using rapid particle-based immunoassays." Pure and Applied Chemistry 68, no. 10 (January 1, 1996): 1893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199668101893.
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Hruzevskyi, O. A. "EFFECT OF HORMONAL REGULATION ON VAGINAL COLONIZATION RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL DYSBIOSIS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.2.31.
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The vaginal microbiota and the vaginal colonization resistance are considerably driven by hormonal changes; therefore, the relevance of investigating hormonal regulation indices in female individuals in health (normocenosis) and with dysbiosis of varying degrees is of undoubted clinical significance. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of hormonal regulation on the microbiota and vaginal colonization resistance in bacterial dysbiosis. 298 women were selected for the study; they were divided into the groups according to the opportunistic microflora index (OMI): OMI in the women with normocenosis was below -3 lg GE/sample (n = 53), OMI in the women with І-st degree dysbiosis ranged from -3 to -1 lg GE/sample (n = 128) and with ІІ-d degree dysbiosis exceeded -1 lg GE/sample (n = 117). The molecular genetic tests of epithelium scrapings from the posterolateral vaginal wall were performed by polymerase chain reaction (“DNA technology”, RF). Lactobacilli, facultative and obligate anaerobes, myco- and urepalasmas, and yeast-like fungi were quantified. By applying the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay there was determined the content of hormones in the blood serum: luteotropic, follicle-stimulating, prolactin, cortisol, progesterone (PG), estradiol (E2), testosterone (TS). The relationship of microbial biocenosis with the studied parameters was studied using the regression analysis (Statistica 10, StatSoft, Inc., USA). The hormonal indices in normocenosis had no relationship with the number of microorganisms, excluding the level of TS, which demonstrated negative correlation with CPMI. With the progression of dysbiosis, the E2 and PG content in the blood decreased and showed a reverse correlation with the growth of pathogenic microbiota, which reflected the insufficiency of hormonal mechanisms to maintain a constant normocenosis. Hyperprolactinemia and hypertestosteronemia were also found to have pathogenic values, which directly correlated with the growth of pathogenic microbiota. The decrease in blood cortisol level with II degree dysbiosis was associated with anaerobic growth of Atopobium vaginalis. The hormonal disorders correlated with a decrease in colonization resistance factors in the vaginal secretion, lysozyme and IL10, while increase in the pathogenic factor with the content of TGF-1β. Conclusions. The obtained results on the effects of hormonal regulation system on the microbial biocenosis indicators and local colonial resistance reflected the development of hormonal insufficiency with the progression of vaginal dysbiosis.
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Blier, Anne-Sophie, Wilfried Veron, Alexis Bazire, Eloïse Gerault, Laure Taupin, Julien Vieillard, Karine Rehel, et al. "C-type natriuretic peptide modulates quorum sensing molecule and toxin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Microbiology 157, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.046755-0.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa coordinates its virulence expression and establishment in the host in response to modification of its environment. During the infectious process, bacteria are exposed to and can detect eukaryotic products including hormones. It has been shown that P. aeruginosa is sensitive to natriuretic peptides, a family of eukaryotic hormones, through a cyclic nucleotide-dependent sensor system that modulates its cytotoxicity. We observed that pre-treatment of P. aeruginosa PAO1 with C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) increases the capacity of the bacteria to kill Caenorhabditis elegans through diffusive toxin production. In contrast, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) did not affect the capacity of the bacteria to kill C. elegans. The bacterial production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was enhanced by both BNP and CNP whereas the production of phenazine pyocyanin was strongly inhibited by CNP. The amount of 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), a precursor to 2-heptyl-3-hydroxyl-4-quinolone (Pseudomonas quinolone signal; PQS), decreased after CNP treatment. The quantity of 2-nonyl-4-quinolone (HNQ), another quinolone which is synthesized from HHQ, was also reduced after CNP treatment. Conversely, both BNP and CNP significantly enhanced bacterial production of acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) [e.g. 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL) and butanoylhomoserine lactone (C4-HSL)]. These results correlate with an induction of lasI transcription 1 h after bacterial exposure to BNP or CNP. Concurrently, pre-treatment of P. aeruginosa PAO1 with either BNP or CNP enhanced PAO1 exotoxin A production, via a higher toxA mRNA level. At the same time, CNP led to elevated amounts of algC mRNA, indicating that algC is involved in C. elegans killing. Finally, we observed that in PAO1, Vfr protein is essential to the pro-virulent effect of CNP whereas the regulator PtxR supports only a part of the CNP pro-virulent activity. Taken together, these data reinforce the hypothesis that during infection natriuretic peptides, particularly CNP, could enhance the virulence of PAO1. This activity is relayed by Vfr and PtxR activation, and a general diagram of the virulence activation cascade involving AHL, HCN and exotoxin A is proposed.
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Bobkova, V. V., S. N. Konovalov, S. M. Motyleva, M. T. Upadyshev, and V. K. Chebotar. "The importance, role and promise of endophytic bacteria in horticulture." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-6-24-30.
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The article highlights current research that discusses the importance, role and application potential of endophytic bacteria in industrial horticulture. A review of national and foreign publications on the prevalence, taxonomic composition and function of endophytic bacteria in agricultural and horticultural plant objects is presented. Key endophytic bacterial phyla and genera associated with agricultural plants have been previously characterised. The authors consider the main plant organs and tissues that harbour endophytic bacteria, routes of bacterial colonisation and host-to-host transmission, endophyte relationships with the host species, as well as the genotype, seasonal period, environment, taxonomic and varietal composition of host plants. The host-microbiome relationship is intimate and mutually beneficial. Endophytic bacteria positively impact organogenesis and embryogenesis in agricultural plants, transforming phosphorus and atmospheric nitrogen into plant-absorbable forms and producing hormones that stimulate plant growth. Endophytic flora are able to produce vitamins, siderophores, phytohormones, antibiotic like-substances and phytopathogen-antagonistic exoenzymes, which play a role in enhancing a plant’s resistance to disease and stress, while simultaneously increasing its yield. Current evidence indicates the ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from garden crops to produce indolyl acetic acid, solubilise phosphates, potentially stimulate plant growth and suppress antagonistic phytopathogens. Endophytic bacteria are important regulators of growth, development and fruiting in garden crops, sustaining their reproduction and thus having a strong potential for use in biopreparations in industrial horticulture.
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Itkina, D. L., L. V. Sokolnikova, A. D. Suleimanova, and M. R. Sharipova. "EFFECT OF BACILLUS GINSENGIHUMI M2.11 AND PANTOEA BRENNERI AS3 ON PLANT BIOMASS GROWTH AND SEED GERMINATION ENERGY." ÈKOBIOTEH 4, no. 1 (2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2021-4-1-49-55.
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In the modern conditions of agricultural development, the use of microbiological preparations as an alternative to mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products is gaining wide interest and practical significance. Soil microorganisms have the ability to interact with the root system of plants, optimize mineral nutrition, synthesize growth hormones and antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of cultivated crops, increasing their resistance to phytopathogens and stress. The search for environmentally friendly technologies, the use of enzymes and active metabolites of bacterial origin, or the use of bacterial strains that promote plant growth is a promising direction. The effect of culture fluid of Bacillus ginsengihumi and Pantoea brenneri on the average length of the plant stem was studied. When processing wheat seeds of P. brenner AS3, the length of the first leaf increased by 50%, and B. ginsengihumi M2.11 by 25%.