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1
Goychuk, A. F., M. V. Shvets, I. M. Kulbanska, F. F. Markov, N. А. Muljukina, and V. P. Patyka. "Bacterial Diseases of Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth.)." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 82, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj82.06.023.
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A significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases of woody plants belongs to phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. It has been scientifically confirmed that the organs and tissues of woody plants have a certain myco- and microbiota, the components of which are systematically interconnected both with each other and with the plant. The species composition and quantitative ratio are constantly changing both in the process of ontogenesis of the tree and with changes in its physiology. The aim of the work was to study the species composition and the formation of diversity and systemic interactions of microbiota associated with bacterial dropsy in the pathology of Betula pendula Roth. Methods. Classical microbiological, phytopathological, biochemical, statistical methods were used in the work. Combined diagnostic methods were also used, in particular careful microscopic examination of the affected parts of plants, isolation and identification of the pathogen. Results. Bacterial origin of wet wood in the trunk of birches was detected. Samples of wood and exudate were taken for laboratory studies from plants that had pronounced signs of pathology (cracks, swellings). It has been experimentally proved that the causative agent of bacterial dropsy of silver birch is the phytopathogenic polybiotrophic bacterium Lelliottia nimipressuralis, which causes dropsy of coniferous and deciduous woody plants and experimentally found pathogenic properties to B. pendula. Xanthomonas campestris, Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus subtilis are associated with bacterial dropsy pathology of B. pendula. The pathogenic properties of P. agglomerans and X. campestris on B. pendula are variable, which indicates the possibility of the expansion of the circle of plants sensitive for these species of bacteria. It was established that L. nimipressuralis both during spring and autumn inoculation showed high pathogenicity to B. pendula. In only one case, on isolated on the border of healthy and affected wood from young B. pendula (bast part) the results of artificial injury were less pronounced. Other bacteria isolated from bacterial dropsy, in particular X. campestris, were non-pathogenic for B. pendula. At the same time, we noted traces of artificial infection with X. campestris in the samples isolated on the border of healthy and affected wood from middle-age B. pendula (cambial part). This may indicate an expansion of the circle of sensitive plants or the increased sensitivity of certain forms of birch for the mentioned bacteria, which is quite likely, since the bacteria have a significant forms variety. In 10 places of inoculation no pathology caused by B. subtilis was found. Bacteria of the Bacillus genus were non-pathogenic for B. pendula in all experiment. Our studies have shown that they can be a regulatory factor in the development of bacterial dropsy. Conclusions. A certain variability of isolated strains in the assimilation of some carbohydrates and alcohols can be explained by the specific conditions of the existence of bacteria, including the influence of environmental factors on their biochemical properties. It is known that the ecological niche affects even the antigenic composition of bacteria; therefore, such an effect should also be expected on other properties. Our studies confirmed that causative agent of bacterial dropsy is L. nimipressuralis and clarified the information about this bacteria cells size.
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Islam, Roohul, Tahira Qamash, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Sobiya Mohiuddin Omar, Maryam Shoaib, Rimsha Riaz, Asmat Ullah Khan, Sobia Naeem, and Muhammad Junaid Khan. "Bioactivities of Medicinal Plants Focused on Targeting Infectious Diseases." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i08.003.
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Infectious pathologic changes caused by pathogens, which are harmful that enter the body by bacteria, fungus, viruses, and parasites. Infectious-diseases can range in severity from very mild to very dangerous. Numerous human diseases are caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. Capparis spp. that have anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including spermidine, carotenoids, quercetin, tocopherol, and rutin by the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-leishmanial action. Carrot seed oil (Daucus carota) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) both exhibit antibacterial action respectively. Curcumin and its derivatives were found to have more potent anti-bacterial activity against several strains of S. pneumonia. Oregano oil and carvacrol has revealed that they have anti-viral properties against respiratory-syncytial-virus (RSV), that causes respiratory disease, rotavirus, a frequent condition of diarrhea in theng children, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Sweet basil extract, which contain ingredients like ursolic acid and apigenin, have powerful antiviral properties against hepatitis B, herpes and enterovirus. Candida infections have fewer severe side effects and less cost load than chemical medications, can be treated with new pharmaceuticals, plant, and herbal items.
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Kolomiiets, Yu, I. Hryhoriuk, L. Butsenko, and L. Biliavska. "Systemic effect of microbial preparations on causative microorganisms of bacterial diseases of tomato plants." Agroecological journal, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2016.248868.
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Biologicals Phytohelp, Phytocide and Ekstrasol, based on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, showed different antibacterial activity to phytopathogens, due to the peculiarities of used strains, cells titer and concentration of biologically active products of microorganisms. Biologicals Phytohelp and Phytocide showed high antibacterial activity against the agents of bacterial cancer C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and bacterial black spotting X. vesicatoria, and the no growth zone diameter ranged from 73 to 80 mm. Under these conditions no growth zone diameter of the studied strains C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and X. vesicatoria for microbiological preparation Ekstrasol did not exceed 40 mm. Among these preparations more active against bacterial speck of tomatoes P. syringae pv. tomato was microbial preparation Ekstrasol no growth zone diameter of which was 23±3.0 mm. Biological Azotofit, based on cells of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum, showed high antibacterial activity against the agent of bacterial cancer C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, no growth zone diameter was 78±2.0 mm. This preparation was middle-active against the agent of bacterial black spotting X. vesicatoria and showed no activity against the agent of bacterial speck of tomato P. syringae pv. tomato. It was revealed that the most active against the agents of bacterial black spotting and bacterial cancer are biologicals Phytocide and Phytohelp, based on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis that are recommended by us for use in the manufacture.
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Goychuk, Anatolyj, Ivanna Kulbanska, Maryna Shvets, Lidiia Pasichnyk, Volodymyr Patyka, Antonina Kalinichenko, and Larysa Degtyareva. "Bacterial Diseases of Bioenergy Woody Plants in Ukraine." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054189.
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In this study, the characterization of several bacterial diseases affecting silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), and white willow (Salix alba L.) in Ukraine were described. The typical symptoms, features of pathogenesis, and characteristics of the causative agents of the most common bacterial diseases of these tree species were shown. The following types of bacterioses were noted to be especially dangerous, namely, bacterial wetwood, fire blight, bacterial canker, and tuberculosis. Bacterial necrosis of the bark was a less dangerous disease. At the same time, all of the listed types of bacterioses were registered within the forest areas of the investigated region. The study revealed that bacterial wetwood of birch and poplar was caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis; the bacterial canker of poplar is Pseudomonas syringae (Pseudomonas syringae f. populi and Pseudomonas cerasi); the fire poplar blight is caused by Pseudomonas cerasi (P. syringae); the common ash tuberculosis is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi; and the bacterial wilt of the willow is caused by Brenneria salicis. The phenomenon of the introduction of microorganisms of different functional orientations as well as the formation of conditions for their activity in the rhizosphere of plants have been studied. In the future, it will provide the development of effective methods for the rapid identification of causative agents of bacterioses and plant protection measures based on multi-functional microbiological preparations based on highly effective strains of microorganisms.
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Poudel, Nabin Sharma, and Subhas Neupane. "Bacterial Diseases of Plants in Nepal: A Review." Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research 2, no. 1 (September 10, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2018/42455.
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Abdullayeva, Shahla. "INCIDENTAL BACTERIAL IN HOUSE PLANTS AND FUNGAL DISEASES." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2023): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/17/16-18.
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Sakr, Nachaat. "Silicon control of bacterial and viral diseases in plants." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0052.
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AbstractSilicon plays an important role in providing tolerance to various abiotic stresses and augmenting plant resistance against diseases. However, there is a paucity of reports about the effect of silicon on bacterial and viral pathogens of plants. In general, the effect of silicon on plant resistance against bacterial diseases is considered to be due to either physical defense or increased biochemical defense. In this study, the interaction between silicon foliar or soil-treatments and reduced bacterial and viral severity was reviewed. The current review explains the agricultural importance of silicon in plants, refers to the control of bacterial pathogens in different crop plants by silicon application, and underlines the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance. A section about the effect of silicon in decreasing viral disease intensity was highlighted. By combining the data presented in this study, a better comprehension of the complex interaction between silicon foliar- or soil-applications and bacterial and viral plant diseases could be achieved.
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Tshikhudo, Phumudzo Patrick, Khayalethu Ntushelo, and Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau. "Sustainable Applications of Endophytic Bacteria and Their Physiological/Biochemical Roles on Medicinal and Herbal Plants: Review." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020453.
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Bacterial endophytes reside within the tissues of living plant species without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. These endophytes can be isolated, identified, characterized, and used as biofertilizers. Moreover, bacterial endophytes increase the plants’ resistance against diseases, pests, and parasites, and are a promising source of pharmaceutically important bioactives. For instance, the production of antibiotics, auxins, biosurfactants, cytokinin’s, ethylene, enzymes, gibberellins, nitric oxide organic acids, osmolytes, and siderophores is accredited to the existence of various bacterial strains. Thus, this manuscript intends to review the sustainable applications of endophytic bacteria to promote the growth, development, and chemical integrity of medicinal and herbal plants, as well as their role in plant physiology. The study of the importance of bacterial endophytes in the suppression of diseases in medicinal and herbal plants is crucial and a promising area of future investigation.
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Iwai, Takayoshi, H. Kaku, R. Honkura, S. Nakamura, H. Ochiai, T. Sasaki, and Y. Ohashi. "Enhanced Resistance to Seed-Transmitted Bacterial Diseases in Transgenic Rice Plants Overproducing an Oat Cell-Wall-Bound Thionin." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 6 (June 2002): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.6.515.
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Bacterial attack is a serious agricultural problem for growth of rice seedlings in the nursery and field. The thionins purified from seed and etiolated seedlings of barley are known to have antimicrobial activity against necrotrophic pathogens; however, we found that no endogenous rice thionin genes alone are enough for resistance to two major seed-transmitted phytopathogenic bacteria, Burkholderia plantarii and B. glumae, although rice thionin genes constitutively expressed in coleoptile, the target organ of the bacteria. Thus, we isolated thionin genes from oat, one of which was overexpressed in rice. When wild-type rice seed were germinated with these bacteria, all seedlings were wilted with severe blight. In the seedling infected with B. plantarii, bacterial staining was intensively marked around stomata and intercellular spaces. However, transgenic rice seedlings accumulating a high level of oat thionin in cell walls grew almost normally with bacterial staining only on the surface of stomata. These results indicate that the oat thionin effectively works in rice plants against bacterial attack.
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Mustafa, Mirik, Aysan Yesim, and Baysal-Gurel Fulya. "Bacterial spot and blight diseases of ornamental plants caused by different Xanthomonas species in Turkey." Plant Protection Science 54, No. 4 (August 25, 2018): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2017-pps.
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Putative strains belonging to Xanthomonas spp. causing leaf spot and blight diseases on geranium (Pelargonium peltatum and P. hortorum), begonia (Begonia × tuberhybrida), anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum), Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and English ivy (Hedera helix) growing in Turkey were isolated. All bacterial strains were classified as Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase, levan and starch hydrolysis positive, with hypersensitive reaction positive on tobacco and pathogenic to host plants. Identification of these strains was further confirmed by serological method using ELISA kits, conventional PCR, carbon utilisation, and FAME. Results of the identification showed that 28, 24, 10, 2, and 1 strains were identified as X. axonopodis pv. begoniae, X. hortorum pv. pelargonii, X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, X. hortorum pv. hederae, and Xanthomonas sp., respectively. This is the first report of X. hortorum pv. hederae on English ivy in Turkey.
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Manish, Adithya Gadeela, Nerella Mounika, Bakshi Vasudha, and Boggula Narender. "Assessment of anti bacterial screening of Pongamia pinnata stem against bacterial species: An In-vitro approach." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1-s (February 15, 2019): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2303.
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Numerous studies have shown that aromatic and medicinal plants are sources of diverse nutrient and non-nutrient molecules which protect the human body against various pathogens. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a large number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources. Herbal medicine is the oldest known healthcare system known to mankind. India has rich medicinal plants of nearly 7500 species. Many medicinal plants were with a long history of use in folk medicine against a variety of diseases. Recently, many researchers have taken a great interest on medicinal plants for their phytochemical constituents and biological activities including anti microbial activity. The anti bacterial activity of the ethanolic crude stem extract of Pongamia pinnata against four bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) was investigated, using agar diffusion technique. At concentrations ranging from 10-40 mg/mL, the ethanolic crude extract showed activity against the four bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli) from 2 mm-20 mm, after 24 hours incubation. The present study showed the effectiveness of the crude plant extract against the tested bacterial strains and indicates the potential use of the extract as anti bacterial agent for the control of infectious diseases.
Keywords: Pongamia pinnata, anti bacterial activity, agar diffusion technique, bacterial strains, chloramphenicol.
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Ambulkar, Sonali, Vidya Tale, and Shobha Khilari. "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Traditional Medicinal Plants against Bacteria Isolated from Dental Caries." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (June 26, 2021): 1204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.10.
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Dental caries are one of the leading infectious microbial diseases globally. Streptococcus species are the predominant causative agents for the formation of dental caries. Various antibiotics have been reported for the treatment of dental caries in humans. However, owing to the increasing evidence of microbial resistance, there is a need to develop safe and effective alternative treatments for infections. Traditional medicinal plants and their bioactive products have been explored worldwide for the treatment of various diseases and infections. These plants have great potential for creating novel medications without any side effects. The present study aimed to elucidate the antibacterial potential of medicinal plants against biofilm-forming bacteria from dental caries. Bacteria from dental caries were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing technique and the predominant bacterial isolates were Streptococcus mutans (MH889143), Enterococcus faecalis (MH793461), Rothia dentocariosa (MH824681), and Streptococcus anginosus (MH889145). The antibacterial potential of seventeen medicinal plants was determined against these bacterial isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus racemosa, Ficus religiosa, Senegalia catechu, Pistacia integerrima, and Quercus infectoria showed significant inhibition against all bacterial isolates. Pistacia integerrima and Quercus infectoria showed the maximum inhibition. The present study confirmed that traditional medicinal plants could be helpful for the treatment of oral and dental ailments.
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Marwan, Husda, Rainiyati Rainiyati, and Sri Mulyati. "Pengaruh Aplikasi Bakteri Endofit Terhadap Perkembangan Penyakit Darah (Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotipe IV) pada Tanaman Pisang." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.1.95.
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Endophytic bacterium EAL15 and EKK22 isolated from banana plants can suppress the development of blood diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV in banana. This study aims to obtain the best liquid media for multiplying endophytic bacterial isolates EAL15 and EKK22, as well as the effect of the application of endophytic bacteria to the development of blood diseases in banana plants in the field. The liquid media tested were: coconut water waste + peptone, coconut water waste, and peptone. The application of endophytic bacterial suspension on Raja Bulu banana seedlings was done one month before planting, during planting, and 3 months after planting. Inoculum of R. solanacearum was inoculated on roots and banana flowers. Observations were made on the number of endophytic bacterial populations in each liquid media, the severity of blood diseases in plants and the incidence of blood diseases in bananas. The results showed that the liquid media of coconut water waste +peptone was the best medium for multiplying endophytic bacterial isolates. The application of endophytic bacteria influences the severity of blood diseases in banana plants and the incidence of diseases in bananas. The frequency of application of endophytic bacteria has no effect on the development of blood diseases in plants and bananas.
Keywords: banana; blood disease; endophytic bacteria
ABSTRAK
Isolat bakteri endofit EAL15 dan EKK22 yang diisolasi dari tanaman pisang mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit darah yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotipe IV pada bibit pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan media cair terbaikuntuk memperbanyak isolat bakteri endofit EAL15 dan EKK22, serta pengaruh aplikasi bakteri endofit terhadap perkembangan penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang di lapangan. Media cair yang diuji yaitu : limbah air kelapa + pepton, limbah air kelapa, dan pepton. Aplikasi suspensi bakteri endofit pada bibit pisang Raja Bulu dilakukan satu bulan sebelum ditanam, saat tanam, dan 3 bulan setelah tanam. Inokulum R. solanacearumdiinokulasikan pada perakaran dan bunga pisang. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah populasi bakteri endofit dalam masing-masing media cair, keparahan penyakit darah pada tanaman dan kejadian penyakit darah pada buah pisang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media limbah air kelapa + pepton merupakan media terbaik untuk memperbanyak isolat bakteri endofit. Aplikasi bakteri endofit berpengaruh terhadap keparahan penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang dan kejadian penyakit pada buah pisang. Frekuensi aplikasi bakteri endofit tidak berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan penyakit darah pada tanaman dan buah pisang.
Kata kunci: Bakteri endofit, penyakit darah, pisang
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Taylor, Philip N. "Inducible Systemic Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases in Plants." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600408.
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Plants, like animals, have resistance mechanisms which are activated only by inoculation with a pathogen. The activated resistance mechanism, initiated by a local infection, can be active throughout the whole plant, protecting it from disease for the remainder of its life. The induction of such latent resistance mechanisms may provide a new strategy for disease control in the future.
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Lacy, George H. "Bacterial Diseases of Plants Bacterial Plant Pathology: Cell and Molecular Aspects David C. Sigee." BioScience 44, no. 11 (December 1994): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312590.
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Lin, Jiaxi, Fangyuan Du, Miao Long, and Peng Li. "Limitations of Phage Therapy and Corresponding Optimization Strategies: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061857.
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Bacterial infectious diseases cause serious harm to human health. At present, antibiotics are the main drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases, but the abuse of antibiotics has led to the rapid increase in drug-resistant bacteria and to the inability to effectively control infections. Bacteriophages are a kind of virus that infects bacteria and archaea, adopting bacteria as their hosts. The use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bacterial diseases is an alternative to antibiotics. At present, phage therapy (PT) has been used in various fields and has provided a new technology for addressing diseases caused by bacterial infections in humans, animals, and plants. PT uses bacteriophages to infect pathogenic bacteria so to stop bacterial infections and treat and prevent related diseases. However, PT has several limitations, due to a narrow host range, the lysogenic phenomenon, the lack of relevant policies, and the lack of pharmacokinetic data. The development of reasonable strategies to overcome these limitations is essential for the further development of this technology. This review article described the current applications and limitations of PT and summarizes the existing solutions for these limitations. This information will be useful for clinicians, people working in agriculture and industry, and basic researchers.
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FAN, Xiaojing, Tahira SALEEM, and Huasong ZOU. "Copper resistance mechanisms in plant pathogenic bacteria." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 61, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-13282.
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Copper is an essential element for microbes as it is involved in many redox reactions. Numerous resistance systems have been evolved in microbes to maintain copper homeostasis under copper stress conditions. These systems are responsible for the influx and efflux of copper ions in the cells. In phytopathogenic bacteria, copper ions play essential roles during disease development in plants. Copper-based chemicals are extensively used for control of diseases caused by bacteria, which leads to induced pathogen resistance derived from various copper resistance systems. Previous studies have shown that copper ions are harnessed by host plants to protect against bacterial infections, triggering immune responses through activation of defence signalling pathways. Thus, it was anticipated that bacterial copper resistance could play an alternative role in adaptation to plant immunity. This review summarizes current knowledge of copper resistance systems in plant pathogenic bacteria, which may provide a new perspective of molecular mechanisms associated with bacterial adaptation in host plants.
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Szczech, Magdalena, and Jacek Dyśko. "The Possibility to Use Selected Mixtures of Pgpr Bacteria in Tomato Cultivation." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-008-0004-5.
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The Possibility to Use Selected Mixtures of Pgpr Bacteria in Tomato CultivationMixtures of different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were used to control soil-borne pathogens of tomato plants. First, their effect was studied in mini-chamber tests againstRhizoctoniadamping-off. The best strains and their mixtures were selected for the greenhouse and field experiments conducted in years 2006-2007. The seeds and then the roots of tomato transplants were inoculated with the suspensions of single bacterial strains or with their combinations. In the greenhouse experiments treated plants were grown in the potting medium infested with pathogenicFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici, and the effect of bacteria on the population ofFusariumspp. in the rhizosphere was studied. In field experiments the plants were planted into natural infested soil. In both kind of the experiments (greenhouse and field) the impact of the inoculation on plant yield and diseases incidence was evaluated. Although, the results of the preliminary and mini-chamber tests were promising, and the bacteria B125, PT42, SZ141 and their mixtures significantly reduced damping-off of tomato seedlings, in greenhouse and field experiments, in most cases the bacterial treatments failed to improve yield and to protect the plants. Among tested bacterial inoculations only the mixture of the bacteria B125 and PT42 tended to affect positively the growth of the plants and to reduce their infection by soil-borne pathogens. However, bacterial inoculations significantly decreased the density ofFusariumspp. in the rhizosphere of tomato plants.
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Yang, Chang-Hsien, and Gan-Der Ho. "Resistance and Susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum." Phytopathology® 88, no. 4 (April 1998): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.4.330.
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Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a model system for studying plant-bacterial interactions, because it is genetically one of the best characterized plant diseases. We demonstrate here that four different strains of R. solanacearum, two from radishes (Rd4 and Rd15) and two from tomato (Ps21 and Ps95), can infect 27 different ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, causing different responses. All ecotypes tested were highly susceptible to strain Rd15, which caused symptoms similar to those observed in tomato plants. For example, leaf drooping and discoloration developed just 3 days after inoculation, and plants completely wilted within 1 week. Strains Rd4 and Ps95 were less infectious than Rd15. With these two strains, a variety of disease responses were observed among different ecotypes at 2 weeks after inoculation; both susceptible and resistant ecotypes of A. thaliana were identified. Ps21 was the least infectious of the four strains and caused almost no symptoms in any of the ecotypes of Arabidopsis tested. Direct bacterial isolation and plant skeleton hybridization analysis from infected plants indicated that bacterial colonization was correlated with the severity of symptoms. Growth of bacteria was limited to the infection site in resistant plants, whereas the bacteria spread throughout susceptible plants by 1 week after inoculation.
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Castillo, José A., Giovanna Conde, Mayra Claros, and Noel Ortuño. "Diversity of cultivable microorganisms associated with Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and their potential for plant growth-promotion." Bionatura 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.61.
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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has grown since ancestral times in the Andean mountains and Altiplano, which are the center of origin of this pseudo-cereal. The interaction of Quinoa with native microorganisms may have contributed to the success of this plant in very adverse climatic and soil conditions. This study addressed the microbial diversity associated with Quinoa plants growing in traditional lands. We employed a cultivable-dependent approach to characterize the communities and identify bacterial strains with potential application in agriculture. We identified bacterial isolates belonging to phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The genera Bacillus and Rhizobium/Agrobacterium were the predominant groups in the Quinoa bacterial communities, while various Trichoderma species were also found in the fungi group. The plant growth-promoting ability of selected bacterial strains was assessed by culturing them on media and the in planta test. We used different assays to test the capabilities of the isolates for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. We inoculated Quinoa seeds with some Bacillus strains and then evaluated plant growth and grain production. Plants inoculated with bacterial strains usually show increased growth parameters and grain yield. Altogether, this work reveals that Quinoa harbors many diverse cultivable bacteria and fungi, which could be used as biological amendments to promote plant growth in a chemical-free way. Avoiding chemical fertilizers helps reduce environmental pollution and maintains the organic character of Quinoa production. International Quinoa markets highly appreciate the organic quality of Quinoa. Keywords. Plant growth-promoting bacteria, Microbial diversity, Rhizosphere bacteria, Andean Altiplano, Trichoderma
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Chase, A. R. "Effect of Experimental Bactericides on Three Bacterial Diseases of Foliage Plants." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-4.2.37.
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Several experimental bactericides were compared with standard bactericides for efficacy on several floral and foliage crops: Erwinia chrysanthemi on Philodendron selloum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. hedera on Brassaia actinophylla and Hedera helix, and Pseudomonas cichorii on Chrysanthemum morifolium and B. actinophylla. Compounds tested were Kocide 101 77WP (cupric hydroxide) alone and in combination with Manzate 200 80WP (mancozeb), Ciba Geigy experimental compounds 448, 115944 and 151731, and Agri-Strep 1721.2% (streptomycin sulfate). In the majority of trials, compound 115944 provided disease control equivalent to that achieved with streptomycin sulfate. Disease control following application of 151731 was variable, while treatment with compound 448 resulted in poor control. Moderate disease control was achieved with cupric hydroxide applied alone or with mancozeb for Erwinia blight or Xanthomonas leaf spot.
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Muthu Narayanan, Manjula, Norhayati Ahmad, Pooja Shivanand, and Faizah Metali. "The Role of Endophytes in Combating Fungal- and Bacterial-Induced Stress in Plants." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 6549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196549.
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Plants are subjected to multifaceted stresses that significantly jeopardize crop production. Pathogenic microbes influence biotic stress in plants, which ultimately causes annual crop loss worldwide. Although the use of pesticides and fungicides can curb the proliferation of pathogens in plants and enhance crop production, they pollute the environment and cause several health issues in humans and animals. Hence, there is a need for alternative biocontrol agents that offer an eco-friendly mode of controlling plant diseases. This review discusses fungal- and bacterial-induced stress in plants, which causes various plant diseases, and the role of biocontrol defense mechanisms, for example, the production of hydrolytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and siderophores by stress-tolerant fungi and bacteria to combat plant pathogens. It is observed that beneficial endophytes could sustain crop production and resolve the issues regarding crop yield caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The collated literature review indicates that future research is necessary to identify potential biocontrol agents that can minimize the utility of synthetic pesticides and increase the tenable agricultural production.
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Tariq, Javed, M. USMAN ASIF USMAN, and Dr Raza M. Memon Raza. "ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RHIZOBACTERIAL MICROFLORA." Agricultural Sciences Journal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v4i2.161.
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Rhizospheric microorganisms like bacteria and fungi are renowned in enhancing the growth of crop plants and to inhibit other hurtful soil micro-organisms. Current research investigations were undertaken to explore such type of rhizobacteria from rice soil. Inhibitory effect of these bacteria was checked against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Agrobacterium tumifacians. Research outcomes unveiled that all tested rhizobacterial isolates exerted antagonistic effect against both the tested pathogens. They produced 0.8% to 1.68% inhibitory zone against fungus and 20 to 40 % against bacteria. It can be therefore, assumed that these antagonistic bacterial strains may be employed as biocontrol inoculants against fungal and bacterial diseases of agricultural crops.
Kee words: Rhizobacteria, biocontrol, diseases, fungi and crops.
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Su, Lv, Lifan Zhang, Duoqian Nie, Eiko E. Kuramae, Biao Shen, and Qirong Shen. "Bacterial Tomato Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Invasion Modulates Rhizosphere Compounds and Facilitates the Cascade Effect of Fungal Pathogen Fusarium solani." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060806.
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Soil-borne pathogen invasions can significantly change the microbial communities of the host rhizosphere. However, whether bacterial Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen invasion influences the abundance of fungal pathogens remains unclear. In this study, we combined high-throughput sequencing, qPCR, liquid chromatography and soil culture experiments to analyze the rhizosphere fungal composition, co-occurrence of fungal communities, copy numbers of functional genes, contents of phenolic acids and their associations in healthy and bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants. We found that R. solanacearum invasion increased the abundance of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani. The concentrations of three phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants were significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato plants. In addition, the increased concentrations of phenolic acids significantly stimulated F. solani growth in the soil. Furthermore, a simple fungal network with fewer links, nodes and hubs (highly connected nodes) was found in the diseased tomato plant rhizosphere. These results indicate that once the symptom of bacterial wilt disease is observed in tomato, the roots of the wilt-diseased tomato plants need to be removed in a timely manner to prevent the enrichment of other fungal soil-borne pathogens. These findings provide some ecological clues for the mixed co-occurrence of bacterial wilt disease and other fungal soil-borne diseases.
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Mubarik, Muhammad Salman, Sultan Habibullah Khan, Aftab Ahmad, Ali Raza, Zulqurnain Khan, Muhammad Sajjad, Reda Helmy Ahmed Sammour, et al. "Controlling Geminiviruses before Transmission: Prospects." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111556.
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Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted Geminiviruses cause serious diseases of crop plants in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Plants, animals, and their microbial symbionts have evolved complex ways to interact with each other that impact their life cycles. Blocking virus transmission by altering the biology of vector species, such as the whitefly, can be a potential approach to manage these devastating diseases. Virus transmission by insect vectors to plant hosts often involves bacterial endosymbionts. Molecular chaperonins of bacterial endosymbionts bind with virus particles and have a key role in the transmission of Geminiviruses. Hence, devising new approaches to obstruct virus transmission by manipulating bacterial endosymbionts before infection opens new avenues for viral disease control. The exploitation of bacterial endosymbiont within the insect vector would disrupt interactions among viruses, insects, and their bacterial endosymbionts. The study of this cooperating web could potentially decrease virus transmission and possibly represent an effective solution to control viral diseases in crop plants.
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Booth, James, Peer M. Schenk, and Hooman Mirzaee. "Microbial Biopesticides against Bacterial, Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens of Tomato, Cabbage and Chickpea." Applied Microbiology 2, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol2010021.
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Biological control is an environmentally friendly approach that holds promise to complement or replace chemicals to effectively protect crop plants against pests and pathogens. Environmental samples with highly diverse and competitive microbiomes that harbor antagonistic microbes with diverse modes-of-action can provide a rich source of microbial biopesticides. In the current study, bacteria isolated from rhizosphere soil and food spoilage samples were subsequently screened against various plant fungal and oomycete pathogens in growth inhibition assays. These included the new potential biocontrol bacteria Corynebacterium flavescens, Sporosarcina aquimarina and Sporosarcina saromensis with anti-fungal and antioomycete activities. Potential candidates selected by preliminary screening in plant assays were then applied to tomato, cabbage and chickpea plants to control bacterial (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), fungal (Alternaria brassicicola) and oomycete (Phytophtora medicaginis) phytopathogens. Ten potential microbial biopesticides were demonstrated to be effective against these diseases, and led to significant (p < 0.05) reductions in symptoms and/or pathogen DNA compared to mock-treated diseased plants. We conclude that new and effective microbial biopesticides to control crop pathogens can be rapidly isolated from biodiverse microbiomes, where bacteria may employ these features to effectively compete against each other.
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Thuy Hoai, Pham Thi, Ton That Huu Dat, Tran Thi Hong, Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc, Tran Dinh Man, and Pham Viet Cuong. "ISOLATION AND SELECTION OF INDIGENOUS ANTIFUNGAL MICROORGANISMS AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF PEPPER PLANT IN TAY NGUYEN." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/2/13452.
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The pathogenic fungi often cause huge impacts on agricultural crops, and occupy over 80% of plant diseases. Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani are fungal pathogens that can lead to rapid development of plant diseases on important crops in Tay Nguyen (e.g., pepper, coffee, rubber, cashew). Therefore, the study of microorganisms with bioactivity against these pathogens is essential to control plant diseases. In this study, we isolated microorganisms from rhizospheres of pepper in Tay Nguyen and screened beneficial microbes against two pathogenic fungi using agar well diffusion assay. Obtained results showed that there are different about isolated microbial density between samples collected from diseased and healthy pepper. The bacterial population is higher in rhizosphere region of healthy pepper than in those of diseased plants. In contrast, fungal density is lower in rhizosphere region of healthy plants than in those of diseased ones. From isolation plates, we selected and purified 391 strains including 236 bacteria, 149 actinomycetes and 6 fungi for screening antifungal activity. Out of isolated microorganisms, 44 strains (36 bacteria, 6 actinomycetes, and 2 fungi) showed antagonistic activity against at least one of two pathogens (F. oxysporum and R. solani), of which 15 isolates showed activity against both fungi. Identification of isolates with highest activity using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed bacterial strains belonged to different species Enterobacter ludwigii, Pseudomonas fulva, Bacillus subtilis, whereas 2 actinomycetes belonged to the genus Streptomyces: Streptomyces sp. and Streptomyces diastatochromogenes. Identification of the isolated fungus based on morphological characteristics and the 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this strain belonged to species Penicillium oxalicum. Our study revealed the potential of the indigenous microorganisms in preventing and controlling plant-pathogenic fungi.
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TARAKANOV, R. I., A. N. IGNATOV, and F. S. DZHALILOV. "ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC BACTERIOPHAGES - PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI PV. GLYCINEA - AND THEIR USE IN SOYBEAN BACTERIAL BLIGHT CONTROL." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 4 (2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2020-4-43-53.
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Bacterial blight is one of most harmful diseases of legumes, reducing the profitability of soybean production in Russian Federation. Among a number of Pseudomonas isolates obtained from diseased seeds and plants of soybean, 4 strains were selected and confirmed as Pseudomonas savastanoipv. glycinea (Psg). Properties of the isolated bacteria were similar to type strain of Psg CFBP 2214 in plant virulence, LOPAT tests, and PCR analysis for coronafacate ligase gene, and partly – in the phage reaction profile. Four isolates of bacteriophages specific to Psg were obtained from soil samples taken from fields with soybean crops. Virulence testing for the bacteriophages showed that bacteriophage ϕG17 infected 4 of 5 tested Psg strains, and it was chosen for further experiments with bacterial blight control. The bacteriophague effect control conducted on soybent plants inoculated by Psg experiments confirmed that 2 treatments of plants by the bacteriophage significantly reduced the disease development. Biological effect of the bacteriophage application was 74.75%, which is very close to the pesticide Strekar in a concentration of 0.5%.
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Olivier Konan, N’Guessan, Yao Patrice Houphouet, Ibrahim Konaté, Saïdou Diallo Mamadou, Namory Bakayoko, Adama Ouattara, Doffou Sélastique Akaffou, and Guy Mergeai. "Breeding for resistance to tomato bacterial wilt: Identification of potential sources of genetic resistance by field evaluation of 28 tomato cultivars in Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33495/jacr_v8i12.20.206.
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most damaging tomato diseases in the world. The best strategy for controlling this disease is to use genetically resistant tomato plants. In this study, 28 tomato cultivars were evaluated in the field for their resistance to bacterial wilt in Daloa, one of the most important agricultural regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The experiments were carried out during the dry and rainy season and the experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed the presence of wilt disease. The streaming test and bacterial culture on growth medium proved the bacterial origin of the wilt symptoms observed. The results of the staining reactions revealed short, straight, rod and Gram negative bacteria similar to R. solanacearum. The severity of the disease was found to be higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Of 28 cultivars evaluated, 7 cultivars were resistant and did not show any diseased plants during the two study periods. These cultivars constitute interesting sources of resistance for a breeding program aimed at the development of new resistant cultivars adapted to the region of Daloa. Keywords: Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, resistance, tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, breeding program.
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Gamalya, V. M. "Department of bacteriosis of plants in the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in the pre-war period: the organization and the beginning of activity." Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology, no. 26-27 (July 28, 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/261807.
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The article examines the history of the foundation and the first years of the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in particular, of bacterial diseases of plants department in its structure. The role of national scientists in the studying of the variability of toxic and antigenic properties of bacteria as well as in the development of bacteriophage treatment of humans, animals and plants is shown.
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Murugan, C. Arul, G. Sureshkumaar, Nithiyananthan Kannan, and Sunil Thomas. "Bacterial foraging optimization based adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3568-3575.
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Life of human being and animals depend on the environment which is surrounded by plants. Like human beings, plants also suffer from lot of diseases. Plant gets affected by completely including leaf, stem, root, fruit and flower; this affects the normal growth of the plant. Manual identification and diagnosis of plant diseases is very difficult. This method is costly as well as time-consuming so it is inefficient to be highly specific. Plant pathology deals with the progress in developing classification of plant diseases and their identification. This work clarifies the identification of plant diseases using leaf images caused by bacteria, viruses and fungus. By this method it can be identified and control the diseases. To identify the plant leaf disease Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was proposed. The proposed method shows more refined results than the existing works.
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Butsenko, L., L. Pasichnyk, and Y. Kolomiiets. "Modern methods of control of pathogens of bacterial diseases of grain and vegetable crops of the species Pseudomonas syringae." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 9-10 (November 17, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.9-10.1-5.
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The aim of the work is to study the effect on phytopathogenic bacteria of the species P. syringae of microbiological preparations and substances with aelysitor activity, as well as to analyze the resistance of plant varieties to the causative agents of bacterial diseases of this species.
Methods. The antibacterial activity of microbiological preparations registered in Ukraine on the basis of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum was determined by the method of wells on potato agar. To assess the chitosan’s helix activity, the vegetative tomato plants were treated with a solution of chitosan at a concentration of 0.4%: in the phase of 2—3 true leaves and in the flowering phase. One day after the second treatment, it was carried artificial inoculation of the leaves, stalks, and ovaries with a suspension of cells P. syringae pv. tomato IZ-28 titer 107 CFU/ml and took into account the symptoms of artificial infection. To determine the resistance of wheat and tomato varieties, artificial inoculation of plants was performed in a vegetative house with a suspension of P. syringae pv. atrofaciens UKM B-1011 and P. syringae pv. tomato IZ-28, respectively.
Results. Microbiological preparations based on bacteria B. subtilis, P. fluorescens, P. aureofaciens had different antibacterial activity against pathogens of basal bacteriosis of wheat P. syringae pv. atrofaciens, bacterial spot of P. syringae pv. tomato and angular cucumber spot P. syringae pv. lachrymans. Treatment of infected tomato plants with low-molecular chitosan resulted in a slight inhibition of the development of bacterial mottling.
Conclusions. Effective and economically viable is the use of biotechnological preparations and the cultivation of the varieties resistant to pathogens of bacterial diseases in vegetable crops.
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Farooq, Tahir, Muhammad Dilshad Hussain, Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel, Muhammad Tariqjaveed, Muhammad Naveed Aslam, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, Rizwa Amjad, Yafei Tang, Xiaoman She, and Zifu He. "Deploying Viruses against Phytobacteria: Potential Use of Phage Cocktails as a Multifaceted Approach to Combat Resistant Bacterial Plant Pathogens." Viruses 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020171.
Full textAbstract:
Plants in nature are under the persistent intimidation of severe microbial diseases, threatening a sustainable food production system. Plant-bacterial pathogens are a major concern in the contemporary era, resulting in reduced plant growth and productivity. Plant antibiotics and chemical-based bactericides have been extensively used to evade plant bacterial diseases. To counteract this pressure, bacteria have evolved an array of resistance mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immune systems. The emergence of resistant bacteria and detrimental consequences of antimicrobial compounds on the environment and human health, accentuates the development of an alternative disease evacuation strategy. The phage cocktail therapy is a multidimensional approach effectively employed for the biocontrol of diverse resistant bacterial infections without affecting the fauna and flora. Phages engage a diverse set of counter defense strategies to undermine wide-ranging anti-phage defense mechanisms of bacterial pathogens. Microbial ecology, evolution, and dynamics of the interactions between phage and plant-bacterial pathogens lead to the engineering of robust phage cocktail therapeutics for the mitigation of devastating phytobacterial diseases. In this review, we highlight the concrete and fundamental determinants in the development and application of phage cocktails and their underlying mechanism, combating resistant plant-bacterial pathogens. Additionally, we provide recent advances in the use of phage cocktail therapy against phytobacteria for the biocontrol of devastating plant diseases.
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Nongkhlaw, Fenella MW, and Santa R. Joshi. "Investigation on the bioactivity of culturable endophytic and epiphytic bacteria associated with ethnomedicinal plants." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 09 (September 27, 2015): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4967.
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Introduction: The growing need for the bioactive compounds of ethnomedicinal plants for the treatment of diseases has resulted in exploitation of medicinal plants. The present investigation aimed to study the diversity of endophytic and epiphytic bacteria associated with ethnomedicinal plants and to explore their potential as source of bioactive compounds. Methodology: Characterization of culturable endophytic and epiphytic bacteria associated with 11 ethnomedicinal plants and their potential as natural antioxidants was assessed through free radical scavenging activity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, metal ion chelation, and antagonistic activity. Genetic screening to assess the potential of endophytes and epiphytes to synthesize bioactive compounds was achieved by screening for the presence of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene. Result: The frequently isolated endophytic bacterium recovered was Bacillus sp. Antioxidative property of the bacterial extracts revealed endophytes with potent antioxidant activity and better antagonistic activity as compared to epiphytes. Genetic screening revealed the presence of the NRPS gene in seven plant-associated bacteria, indicating the production of natural products. Conclusions: The study indicated the extracts of bacterial endophytes associated with ethnomedicinal plants as good sources of natural products with potential application in oxidative stress. The isolates could be used as new bioactive agents.
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Tang, Xiaoyan, Yanmei Xiao, and Jian-Min Zhou. "Regulation of the Type III Secretion System in Phytopathogenic Bacteria." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 19, no. 11 (November 2006): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-19-1159.
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The type III secretion system (TTSS) is a specialized protein secretion machinery used by numerous gram-negative bacterial pathogens of animals and plants to deliver effector proteins directly into the host cells. In plant-pathogenic bacteria, genes encoding the TTSS were discovered as hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes, because mutation of these genes typically disrupts the bacterial ability to cause diseases on host plants and to elicit hypersensitive response on nonhost plants. The hrp genes and the type III effector genes (collectively called TTSS genes hereafter) are repressed in nutrient-rich media but induced when bacteria are infiltrated into plants or incubated in nutrient-deficient inducing media. Multiple regulatory components have been identified in the plant-pathogenic bacteria regulating TTSS genes under various conditions. In Ralstonia solanacearum, several signal transduction components essential for the induction of TTSS genes in plants are dispensable for the induction in inducing medium. In addition to the inducing signals, recent studies indicated the presence of negative signals in the plant regulating the Pseudomonas syringae TTSS genes. Thus, the levels of TTSS gene expression in plants likely are determined by the interactions of multiple signal transduction pathways. Studies of the hrp regulons indicated that TTSS genes are coordinately regulated with a number of non-TTSS genes.
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Doornbos, Rogier F., Bart P. J. Geraats, Eiko E. Kuramae, L. C. Van Loon, and Peter A. H. M. Bakker. "Effects of Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic Acid Signaling on the Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Arabidopsis thaliana." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 4 (April 2011): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-10-0115.
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Systemically induced resistance is a promising strategy to control plant diseases, as it affects numerous pathogens. However, since induced resistance reduces one or both growth and activity of plant pathogens, the indigenous microflora may also be affected by an enhanced defensive state of the plant. The aim of this study was to elucidate how much the bacterial rhizosphere microflora of Arabidopsis is affected by induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, the bacterial microflora of wild-type plants and plants affected in their defense signaling was compared. Additionally, ISR was induced by application of methyl jasmonate and SAR by treatment with salicylic acid or benzothiadiazole. As a comparative model, we also used wild type and ethylene-insensitive tobacco. Some of the Arabidopsis genotypes affected in defense signaling showed altered numbers of culturable bacteria in their rhizospheres; however, effects were dependent on soil type. Effects of plant genotype on rhizosphere bacterial community structure could not be related to plant defense because chemical activation of ISR or SAR had no significant effects on density and structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community. These findings support the notion that control of plant diseases by elicitation of systemic resistance will not significantly affect the resident soil bacterial microflora.
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Merdan, A., H. Abdel-Rahman, and A. Soliman. "On the influence of host plants on insect resistance to bacterial diseases." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 78, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1975.tb04181.x.
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Bender, C. L. "The post-genomic era: new approaches for studying bacterial diseases of plants." Australasian Plant Pathology 34, no. 4 (2005): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap05087.
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Sapkota, Pragya, Sapana Bhattarai, Anup Muni Bajracharya, Pramesh Bahadur Lakhe, and Nishant Shrestha. "Antimicrobial Screening of some Medicinal Plants against Selected Bacterial Species." Scientific World 13, no. 13 (August 5, 2020): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30500.
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Medicinal plants are used as traditional treatment for numerous human diseases. According to WHO, medicinal plants would be the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobial of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. Present study was carried out on the screening of some medicinal plants against selected pathogenic organisms in the period of October 2017 to January 2018. A total of nine different medicinal plants were screened and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 10 bacterial species. Among them, Euphorbia hirta, Azadirachtaindica, Artemisia vulgaris were found to be effective against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA), whereas rest six medicinal plants (Aeglemarmelos, Justiciaadhatoda, Ficusreligiosa, Syzygiumcumini, Nyctanthes arbor and Meliaazedarach) were found to be ineffective against all the microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Salmonella typhii, Shigelladysentriae, MRSA). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Euphorbia hirta against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 12.5mg/ml and MBC of Artemisia vulgaris against Bacillus subtilis and MRSA was also found to be 12.5 mg/ml while of Staphylococcus aureus was 25mg/ml. Similarly, the MBC of Azadirachta indica against Staphylococcus aureus was 25mg/ml.
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Skandalis, Nicholas, Anastasia Dimopoulou, Despoina Beri, Aliki Tzima, Ioanna Malandraki, Ioannis Theologidis, Stergios Bitivanos, Christina Varveri, Tassos Klitsinaris, and Nikon Vassilakos. "Effect of Pyraclostrobin Application on Viral and Bacterial Diseases of Tomato." Plant Disease 100, no. 7 (July 2016): 1321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1216-re.
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Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) are powerful fungicides, which have been reported, additionally to their fungicide activity, to increase plant capacity to activate cellular defense responses and to promote plant growth. In this work, the effect of the QoI class fungicide pyraclostrobin was examined against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in tomato plants following artificial inoculation of the plants with the pathogens. Under controlled environmental conditions, pyraclostrobin delayed viral and bacterial disease development, even if P. syringae pv. tomato internal population levels were not affected significantly. In contrast, under field conditions in commercial greenhouses, a reduced CMV disease incidence throughout the tomato cultivation period was recorded. Gene expression analysis indicated an effect of pyraclostrobin application on tomato MAPKs transcript levels and a possible interference with plant stress responses.
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Tripathi, Anshul, Uday Chourasia, Priyanka Dixit, and Victor Chang. "A Survey." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2021070101.
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Agriculture occupation has been the prime occupation in India since the primeval era. Nowadays, the country is ranked second in the prime occupations threatening global warming. Apart from this, diseases in plants are challenging to this prime source of livelihood. The present research can help in recognition of different diseases among plants and help to find out the solution or remedy that can be a defense mechanism in counter to the diseases. Finding diseases among plant DL is considered to the most perfect and exact paradigms. Four labels are classified as “bacterial spot,” “yellow leaf curl virus,” “late blight,” and “healthy leaf.” An exemplar model of the drone is also designed for the purpose. The said model will be utilized for a live report for extended large crop fields. In this exemplar drone model, a high-resolution camera is attached. The captured images of plants will act as software input. On this basis, the software will immediately tell which plants are healthy and which are diseased.
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Kuehnle, Adelheid R., Fure-Chyi Chen, and Nellie Sugi. "996 NOVEL APPROACHES TO GENETIC RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN FLOWER CROPS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 572b—572. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.572b.
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Bacterial diseases continue to plague ornamental crops, Genetic resistance offers one way to manage disease; combined with use of indexed propagules and sanitation, it can be a powerful control. Classical breeding offers some genetic solutions. Introgression, by genetic engineering, of antibacterial genes derived from the Cecropiamoth is a second breeding approach which appears promising in other horticultural crops. A case study for control of Xanthomonas, species of which severely limit geranium, anthurium, and other ornamental production, is given for anthurium. Transgenic anthurium plants expressing or containing antibacterial genes coding for the antibacterial peptides Attacin, P13 and T4 lysozymes, and the modified cecropins Shiva and SB37 were produced and challenged with bacteria. Juvenile and adult plants showed various degrees of tolerance to bacterial blight. The implications of this approach to bacterial disease control in various ornamental cropping systems will be discussed.
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Eid, Ahmed M., Amr Fouda, Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman, Salem S. Salem, Albaraa Elsaied, Ralf Oelmüller, Mohamed Hijri, Arnab Bhowmik, Amr Elkelish, and Saad El-Din Hassan. "Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050935.
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Endophytic bacteria colonize plants and live inside them for part of or throughout their life without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. The symbiotic relationship improves the physiology, fitness, and metabolite profile of the plants, while the plants provide food and shelter for the bacteria. The bacteria-induced alterations of the plants offer many possibilities for biotechnological, medicinal, and agricultural applications. The endophytes promote plant growth and fitness through the production of phytohormones or biofertilizers, or by alleviating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Strengthening of the plant immune system and suppression of disease are associated with the production of novel antibiotics, secondary metabolites, siderophores, and fertilizers such as nitrogenous or other industrially interesting chemical compounds. Endophytic bacteria can be used for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants or the control of fungal diseases by the production of lytic enzymes such as chitinases and cellulases, and their huge host range allows a broad spectrum of applications to agriculturally and pharmaceutically interesting plant species. More recently, endophytic bacteria have also been used to produce nanoparticles for medical and industrial applications. This review highlights the biotechnological possibilities for bacterial endophyte applications and proposes future goals for their application.
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Brandelli, Clara Lia Costa, Vanessa Bley Ribeiro, Karine Rigon Zimmer, Afonso Luís Barth, Tiana Tasca, and Alexandre José Macedo. "Medicinal Plants Used by a Mbyá-Guarani Tribe against Infections: Activity on KPC-Producing Isolates and Biofilm-Forming Bacteria." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 11 (November 2015): 1934578X1501001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501001114.
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The traditional use of medicinal plants for treatment of infectious diseases by an indigenous Mbyá-Guarani tribe from South Brazil was assessed by evaluating the antibiotic and antibiofilm activities against relevant bacterial pathogens. Aqueous extracts from 10 medicinal plants were prepared according to indigenous Mbyá-Guarani traditional uses. To evaluate antibiotic (OD600) and antibiofilm (crystal violet method) activities, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 and seven multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacterial clinical isolates were challenged with the extracts. Furthermore, the susceptibility profile of KPC-producing bacteria and the ability of these isolates to form biofilm were evaluated. The plants Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Maytenus ilicifolia, Bidens pilosa and Verbena sp. showed the best activity against bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The majority of KPC-producing isolates, which showed strong ability to form biofilm and a multidrug resistance profile, was inhibited by more than 50% by some extracts. The Enterobacter cloacae (KPC 05) clinical isolate was the only one resistant to all extracts. This study confirms the importance of indigenous traditional medicinal knowledge and describes for the first time the ability of these plants to inhibit biofilm formation and/or bacterial growth of multi-drug resistant KPC-producing isolates.
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Yang, Wencai, and David M. Francis. "Marker-assisted Selection for Combining Resistance to Bacterial Spot and Bacterial Speck in Tomato." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 5 (September 2005): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.5.716.
Full textAbstract:
The lack of resistance to bacterial diseases increases both the financial cost and environmental impact of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production while reducing yield and quality. Because several bacterial diseases can be present in the same field, developing varieties with resistance to multiple diseases is a desirable goal. Bacterial spot (caused by four Xanthomonas Dowson species) and bacterial speck (caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Young, Dye and Wilkie) are two economically important diseases of tomato with a worldwide distribution. The resistance gene Pto confers a hypersensitive response (HR) to race 0 strains of the bacterial speck pathogen. The locus Rx3 explains up to 41% of the variation for resistance to bacterial spot race T1 in field trials, and is associated with HR following infiltration. Both Pto and Rx3 are linked in repulsion phase on chromosome 5. We made a cross between two elite breeding lines, Ohio 981205 carrying Pto and Ohio 9834 carrying Rx3, to develop an F2 population and subsequent inbred generations. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was applied to the F2 progeny and to F2:3 families in order to select for coupling-phase resistance. Thirteen homozygous progeny from 419 F2 plants and 20 homozygous families from 3716 F3 plants were obtained. Resistance was confirmed in all selected families based on HR in greenhouse screens using bacterial speck race 0 and bacterial spot race T1 isolates. Resistance to bacterial spot race T1 was confirmed in the field for 33 of the selected families. All selected families were also resistant to bacterial speck in the field. MAS was an efficient tool to select for desirable recombination events and pyramid resistance.
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Nazarov, Pavel A., Dmitry N. Baleev, Maria I. Ivanova, Luybov M. Sokolova, and Marina V. Karakozova. "Infectious plant diseases: etiology, current status, problems and prospects in plant protection." Acta Naturae 12, no. 3 (October 27, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11026.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Infections affect plants at different stages of agricultural production. Depending on weather conditions and the phytosanitary condition of crops, the prevalence of diseases can reach 7080% of the total plant population, and the yield can decrease in some cases down to 8098%. Plants have innate cellular immunity, but specific phytopathogens have an ability to evade that immunity. This article examined phytopathogens of viral, fungal, and bacterial nature and explored the concepts of modern plant protection, methods of chemical, biological, and agrotechnical control, as well as modern methods used for identifying phytopathogens.
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Tarakanov, Rashit I., Anna A. Lukianova, Peter V. Evseev, Roksana I. Pilik, Anna D. Tokmakova, Eugene E. Kulikov, Stepan V. Toshchakov, Alexander N. Ignatov, Fevzi S. U. Dzhalilov, and Konstantin A. Miroshnikov. "Ayka, a Novel Curtobacterium Bacteriophage, Provides Protection against Soybean Bacterial Wilt and Tan Spot." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 10913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810913.
Full textAbstract:
Diseases caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Curtobacteriumflaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) inflict substantial economic losses in soybean cultivation. Use of specific bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) for treatment of seeds and plants to prevent the development of bacterial infections is a promising approach for bioprotection in agriculture. Phage control has been successfully tested for a number of staple crops. However, this approach has never been applied to treat bacterial diseases of legumes caused by Cff, and no specific bacteriophages have been known to date. This paper presents detailed characteristics of the first lytic bacteriophage infecting this pathogen. Phage Ayka, related to φ29-like (Salasmaviridae) viruses, but representing a new subfamily, was shown to control the development of bacterial wilt and tan spot in vitro and in greenhouse plants.
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Kariada, I. Ketut, and I. B. Aribawa. "Grafting of Tomato with Eggplant Rootstock at Penyabangan Village Payangan Subdistrict of Gianyar Bali." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 26, 2017): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1084.
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Grafting on tomatoes is performed to obtain tomato plants that are resistant to bacterial wilt, waterlogging resistant, resistant to fusarium wilt and nematodes. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes the tomatoes grown in the rainy season to wilt and die. These bacteria live in the soil and invade plants through roots. To overcome this disease, grafting was carried out by using resistant eggplant as rootstock. This method is expected to reduce the attack of bacterial wilt diseases on tomato plants. The study was conducted in the village of Penyabangan Payangan Gianyar in FY 2014. This area was located at the plateau of AEZ wet climate. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatments and 10 replications. Materials used were tomato plants that have been joined with eggplant rootstock (grafted) and tomato plants without root stock (non-grafted) for comparison. The varieties used were varieties F1 Marta. In field applications, the scion was prevented from touching the ground while the rootstock was fully embedded into the ground. Based on the plant height, there was a slower growth of the grafted tomato plants compared with that of non-grafted one in the early stages of growth but became normal in generative phase. It was also found that the yield of the grafted tomato was lower (2.54 kg. tree-1) than that of the non-grafted one (3.19 kg.tree-1). Keywords: grafting; tomatoes; eggplant; stem rot; bacterial wilt (alphabetic in order).
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Ibrahim, Y., and M. Al-Saleh. "First Report of Bacterial Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Saudi Arabia." Plant Disease 96, no. 11 (November 2012): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-12-0354-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
In the summer of 2009 and 2010, 18 sweet pepper fruit with blister-like, raised, rough lesions were collected from four greenhouses (total of 0.1 ha) in the Al-Kharj region of Saudi Arabia. All samples were collected from commercial crops of the sweet pepper cv. California Wonder. Disease incidence was ≤5%. Isolations were made from all diseased fruits. A small piece (3 mm2) of symptomatic tissue from pepper fruit was placed in a sterile mortar and macerated in sterile distilled water with a pestle. A loopful of bacterial suspension from each sample was streaked onto Tween B agar medium (3). Plates were incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Single yellow, circular, butyrous, shiny colonies were picked from the plates and transferred to nutrient agar plates containing 5% D+ glucose agar (NGA). Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria were consistently isolated from the fruit and 10 of the isolates were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests (1,2). The isolates were oxidase positive and levan negative, arginine-dihydrolase positive, and did not macerate potato discs. The isolates were also non-fluorescent, grew at 37 and 4°C but not at 40°C, did not liquefy gelatine or starch, but did produce H2S. The identity of the 10 bacterial strains was confirmed by PCR assay using primers RST65 and RST69 (4). Four-week old pepper plants (cv. California Wonder) were inoculated by spraying five potted plants with each isolate using a bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml). Sterile distilled water was sprayed on an additional five plants as a negative control treatment. The bacterial isolates caused necrotic lesions, each with a yellow halo, on leaves of inoculated plants. Bacteria reisolated from the necrotic lesions using the technique previously described were identical to the original strains according to the morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests described above. Negative control plants inoculated with sterile distilled water did not show symptoms and no bacterial colonies were recovered from them. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial spot on pepper fruits in Saudi Arabia. References: (2) R. F. Bradbury. Genus II Xanthomonas Dowson 1939. In: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 1, Krieg, R., Holt, J. G. (Eds.), Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, MD, 1987. (3) R. A. Lelliott and D. E. Stead. Methods for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK. (1) R. G. McGuire et al. Plant Dis 70:887, 1986. (4) A. Obradovic et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:285, 2004.
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Abdulridha, Jaafar, Yiannis Ampatzidis, Jawwad Qureshi, and Pamela Roberts. "Laboratory and UAV-Based Identification and Classification of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl, Bacterial Spot, and Target Spot Diseases in Tomato Utilizing Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172732.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato crops are susceptible to multiple diseases, several of which may be present during the same season. Therefore, rapid disease identification could enhance crop management consequently increasing the yield. In this study, nondestructive methods were developed to detect diseases that affect tomato crops, such as bacterial spot (BS), target spot (TS), and tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLC) for two varieties of tomato (susceptible and tolerant to TYLC only) by using hyperspectral sensing in two conditions: a) laboratory (benchtop scanning), and b) in field using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV-based). The stepwise discriminant analysis (STDA) and the radial basis function were applied to classify the infected plants and distinguish them from noninfected or healthy (H) plants. Multiple vegetation indices (VIs) and the M statistic method were utilized to distinguish and classify the diseased plants. In general, the classification results between healthy and diseased plants were highly accurate for all diseases; for instance, when comparing H vs. BS, TS, and TYLC in the asymptomatic stage and laboratory conditions, the classification rates were 94%, 95%, and 100%, respectively. Similarly, in the symptomatic stage, the classification rates between healthy and infected plants were 98% for BS, and 99–100% for TS and TYLC diseases. The classification results in the field conditions also showed high values of 98%, 96%, and 100%, for BS, TS, and TYLC, respectively. The VIs that could best identify these diseases were the renormalized difference vegetation index (RDVI), and the modified triangular vegetation index 1 (MTVI 1) in both laboratory and field. The results were promising and suggest the possibility to identify these diseases using remote sensing.