Journal articles: 'Bacterial behaviour'

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Brown, R., H. Campbell, and N. Geary. "Bacterial peptides and behaviour." Biological Psychology 37, no. 1 (October 1993): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(93)90059-h.

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Colin, R., R. Zhang, and L. G. Wilson. "Fast, high-throughput measurement of collective behaviour in a bacterial population." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 98 (September 6, 2014): 20140486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0486.

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Swimming bacteria explore their environment by performing a random walk, which is biased in response to, for example, chemical stimuli, resulting in a collective drift of bacterial populations towards ‘a better life’. This phenomenon, called chemotaxis, is one of the best known forms of collective behaviour in bacteria, crucial for bacterial survival and virulence. Both single-cell and macroscopic assays have investigated bacterial behaviours. However, theories that relate the two scales have previously been difficult to test directly. We present an image analysis method, inspired by light scattering, which measures the average collective motion of thousands of bacteria simultaneously. Using this method, a time-varying collective drift as small as 50 nm s −1 can be measured. The method, validated using simulations, was applied to chemotactic Escherichia coli bacteria in linear gradients of the attractant α-methylaspartate. This enabled us to test a coarse-grained minimal model of chemotaxis. Our results clearly map the onset of receptor methylation, and the transition from linear to logarithmic sensing in the bacterial response to an external chemoeffector. Our method is broadly applicable to problems involving the measurement of collective drift with high time resolution, such as cell migration and fluid flows measurements, and enables fast screening of tactic behaviours.

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Hu, Hong-Ying, Koichi Fujie, and Kohei Urano. "Dynamic Behaviour of Aerobic Submerged Biofilter." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (October 1, 1993): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0160.

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Dynamic behaviour of microbial film and BOD removal characteristics in an aerobic submerged biofilter packed with ceramic balls were investigated. The effects of BOD loading and temperature on the populations of bacteria and protozoa inhabiting microbial film were investigated. It was ascertained that the BOD removal rate by the microbial film was controlled by the bacterial population, while the microbial concentration in the biofilter was due to the growth of protozoa when the temperature and the BOD loading were low. The analysis of bacterial quinone mixtures was successfully applied to identify the bacterial population in the microbial film.

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Ishimoto, Kenta. "Bacterial spinning top." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 880 (October 10, 2019): 620–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.714.

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We have investigated the dynamics of a monotrichous bacteria cell near a wall boundary, taking elastic hook flexibility into consideration. Combining theoretical linear stability analysis and direct numerical computations via the boundary element method, we have found that the elastohydrodynamic coupling between the hook elasticity and cell rotational motion enables a stable vertical spinning behaviour like a low-Reynolds-number spinning top. The forwardly rotated flagellum, which generates the force exertion pushing towards the cell body, typically destabilizes the vertical upright position and leads to a boundary-following motion. In contrast, the backward rotation of the flagellum, generating a force pulling the cell body, contributes to stable upright behaviour in a large range of hook rigidity. Further numerical investigations have demonstrated that the non-spherical geometry of the cell body and boundary adhesive interactions affect the bacterial dynamics, leading to complex behaviours such as horizontal spinning and unstable vertical spinning motions, both of which are experimentally observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. These results highlight the rich diversity of bacterial surface motility emerging from mechanical boundary interactions coupled with the cell swimming and hook flexibility.

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Tran, T. T. T., K. Kannoorpatti, A. Padovan, and S. Thennadil. "A study of bacteria adhesion and microbial corrosion on different stainless steels in environment containing Desulfovibrio vulgaris." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 201577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201577.

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Stainless steel is an important material used in many applications due to its mechanical strength and corrosion-resistant properties. The high corrosion resistance of stainless steel is provided by the passive film. Different stainless steels have different alloy elements and surface properties which could have a significant influence on bacterial attachment to the surface and thus might result in different microbial corrosion behaviours. In this study, the effect of adhesion of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on corrosion behaviour in artificial seawater on different stainless steels was investigated. Stainless steel materials used were SS 410, SS 420, SS 316 and DSS 2205 and pure chromium. The contact angle was measured to study the effect of surface properties of materials. Adhesion was measured by counting cells attached to the surface of materials. The corrosion behaviour of the materials was measured by electrochemical testing including measuring open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic behaviour. The long-term corrosion behaviour of each material was studied after six months of exposure by measuring weight loss and surface analysis with scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Hydrophobicity had a strong effect on bacterial attachment. Alloying elements e.g. nickel also had shown its ability to attract bacteria to adhere on the surface. However, the corrosion rate of different materials is determined not only by bacterial attachment but also by the stability of the passive film which is determined by the alloying elements, such as Mo and Cr. Chromium showed high resistance to corrosion, possibly due to toxicity on bacterial attachment. The nature of bacterial attachment and corrosion behaviour of the materials are discussed.

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Kijlstra, J., and A. van der Wal. "Electrokinetic behaviour of bacterial suspensions." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 37, no. 2 (June 1995): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(94)01753-n.

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Jarrett, Angela M., and Nicholas G. Cogan. "The ups and downs of S. aureus nasal carriage." Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA 36, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/dqy006.

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Abstract Staphylococcus aureus infections are a growing concern worldwide due to the increasing number of strains that exhibit antibiotic resistance. Recent studies have indicated that some percentage of people carry the bacteria in the nasal cavity and therefore are at a higher risk of subsequent, and more serious, infections in other parts of the body. However, individuals carrying the infection can be classified as only intermittent carriers versus persistent carriers, being able to eliminate the bacteria and later colonized again. Using a model of bacterial colonization of the anterior nares, we investigate oscillatory patterns related to intermittent carriage of S. aureus. Following several studies using global sensitivity analysis techniques, various insights into the model’s behaviour were made including interacting effects of the bacteria’s growth rate and movement in the mucus, suggesting parameter connections associated with biofilm-like behaviour. Here the bacterial growth rate and bacterial movement are explicitly connected, leading to expanded oscillatory behaviour in the model. We suggest possible implications that this oscillatory behaviour can have on the definition of intermittent carriage and discuss differences in the bacterial virulence dependent upon individual host health. Furthermore, we show that connecting the bacterial growth and movement also expands the region of the parameter space for which the bacteria are able to survive and persist.

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Smith, Harry. "Questions about the behaviour of bacterial pathogens in vivo." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1397 (May 28, 2000): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0597.

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Bacterial pathogens cause disease in man and animals. They have unique biological properties, which enable them to colonize mucous surfaces, penetrate them, grow in the environment of the host, inhibit or avoid host defences and damage the host. The bacterial products responsible for these five biological requirements are the determinants of pathogenicity (virulence determinants). Current knowledge comes from studies in vitro , but now interest is increasing in how bacteria behave and produce virulence determinants within the infected host. There are three aspects to elucidate: bacterial activities, the host factors that affect them and the metabolic interactions between the two. The first is relatively easy to accomplish and, recently, new methods for doing this have been devised. The second is not easy because of the complexity of the environment in vivo and its ever–changing face. Nevertheless, some information can be gained from the literature and by new methodology. The third aspect is very difficult to study effectively unless some events in vivo can be simulated in vitro . The objectives of the Discussion Meeting were to describe the new methods and to show how they, and conventional studies, are revealing the activities of bacterial pathogens in vivo . This paper sets the scene by raising some questions and suggesting, with examples, how they might be answered. Bacterial growth in vivo is the primary requirement for pathogenicity. Without growth, determinants of the other four requirements are not formed. Results from the new methods are underlining this point. The important questions are as follows. What is the pattern of a developing infection and the growth rates and population sizes of the bacteria at different stages? What nutrients are present in vivo and how do they change as infection progresses and relate to growth rates and population sizes? How are these nutrients metabolized and by what bacterial mechanisms? Which bacterial processes handle nutrient deficiencies and antagonistic conditions that may arise? Conventional and new methods can answer the first question and part of the second; examples are described. The difficulties of trying to answer the last two are discussed. Turning to production in vivo of determinants of mucosal colonization, penetration, interference with host defence and damage to the host, here are the crucial questions. Are putative determinants, which have been recognized by studies in vitro , produced in vivo and are they relevant to virulence ? Can hitherto unknown virulence determinants be recognized by examining bacteria grown in vivo ? Does the complement of virulence determinants change as infection proceeds? Are regulatory processes recognized in vitro , such as ToxR/ToxS, PhoP/PhoQ , quorum sensing and type III secretion, operative in vivo? What environmental factors affect virulence determinant production in vivo and by what metabolic processes? Examples indicate that the answers to the first four questions are ‘yes’ in most but not all cases. Attempts to answer the last, and most difficult, question are also described. Finally, sialylation of the lipopolysaccharide of gonococci in vivo by host–derived cytidine 5'–monophospho–N–acetyl neuraminic acid, and the effect of host lactate are described. This investigation revealed a new bacterial component important in pathogenicity, the host factors responsible for its production and the metabolism involved.

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Masi, Elisa, Marzena Ciszak, Luisa Santopolo, Arcangela Frascella, Luciana Giovannetti, Emmanuela Marchi, Carlo Viti, and Stefano Mancuso. "Electrical spiking in bacterial biofilms." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 102 (January 2015): 20141036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1036.

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In nature, biofilms are the most common form of bacterial growth. In biofilms, bacteria display coordinated behaviour to perform specific functions. Here, we investigated electrical signalling as a possible driver in biofilm sociobiology. Using a multi-electrode array system that enables high spatio-temporal resolution, we studied the electrical activity in two biofilm-forming strains and one non-biofilm-forming strain. The action potential rates monitored during biofilm-forming bacterial growth exhibited a one-peak maximum with a long tail, corresponding to the highest biofilm development. This peak was not observed for the non-biofilm-forming strain, demonstrating that the intensity of the electrical activity was not linearly related to the bacterial density, but was instead correlated with biofilm formation. Results obtained indicate that the analysis of the spatio-temporal electrical activity of bacteria during biofilm formation can open a new frontier in the study of the emergence of collective microbial behaviour.

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Budrikis, Zoe. "A catalogue of bacterial swarm behaviour." Nature Reviews Physics 2, no. 5 (April 7, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42254-020-0172-x.

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Et. al., Ms P. Kala. "Stress–Strain Behaviour of Bacterial Concrete Incorporated With Sugarcane Fibres." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 5596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2231.

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Bacterial concrete is one of the methods of rectifying the micro-cracks developed in the structural elements made of concrete. The gram-positive type bacteria Bacillus subtilis when acquainted with concrete produces calcite precipitation which heals the micro cracks in the concrete. Bacillus subtilis was used with a cell concentration of 106. The optimised percentage replacement of fine aggregates with sugarcane fibres of grain size less than 4.75 mm was 0.1 %. The effect of sugarcane fibres on the durability of bacterial concrete is presented in this paper.To study the Stress -Strain behaviour of Sugarcane based Bacterial concrete (SBC), appropriate analytic SS model is developed that resembles the experimental behaviour of the various samples such as Conventional Concrete (CC), Bacterial Concrete (BC) and SBC. This work mainly targets on utilizing the earlier models and offers a new SS model that can well represent the actual SS behaviour of SBC samples. After finding the SS behaviour of CC, BC and SBC specimens experimentally, equations are developed to characterise axial SS behaviour of CC, BC and SBC samples. From these mathematical equations, theoretical stress for CC, BC and SBC are calculated and compared with test values. The proposed equations have exposed good connection with test values authorizing the mathematical model developed.

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Harrison, Paul M. "Evolutionary behaviour of bacterial prion-like proteins." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): e0213030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213030.

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Stringer, Sandra Caroline, and Aline Metris. "Predicting bacterial behaviour in sous vide food." International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 13 (October 2018): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2017.09.001.

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Lenin, K. "REAL POWER LOSS REDUCTION BY ENHANCED ACCLIMATIZED BACTERIAL EXPLORATION ALGORITHM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1513.

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This paper presents Enhanced Acclimatized Bacterial Exploration (EBE) algorithm to solve reactive power problem. Bacterial Search Optimization Algorithm has recently emerged as a very powerful technique based on the behaviour of E-coli bacteria. In order to speed up the convergence of Bacterial search Optimization Algorithm, this paper proposed a new hybridization between Bacterial Search Optimization Algorithm (BSO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In order to evaluate the proposed Enhanced Acclimatized Bacterial Exploration (EBE) algorithm, it has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and compared to other standard algorithms.

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Stabb, Eric V., and Zomary Flores-Cruz. "Who turned on the lights?: What the regulation of bacterial bioluminescence tells us about this and other bacterial group behaviours." Biochemist 35, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03505018.

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Luminescence produced by organisms, or ‘bioluminescence’, holds a distinct fascination for humankind, and the study of bacterial bioluminescence has a long history in the field of microbiology. Advances in our understanding of bacterial bioluminescence have in many ways paralleled advances in the field as a whole. Intriguingly, studies of bioluminescent bacteria led to a seminal discovery in bacterial gene regulation and behaviour, because for bacteria, bioluminescence is a group activity. Bioluminescent bacteria communicate using pheromones, and as a result the regulatory decision to induce bioluminescence is only made if a group of bacteria has achieved a dense enough population to allow the build-up of pheromone. More recently, it has become clear that there are complex regulatory circuits governing not only luminescence, but also pheromone signalling itself. These additional layers of regulation pose new questions such as what are bacteria really saying to each other? Understanding regulation may also help answer ancient questions including, what use is luminescence?

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Kumberger, Peter, Christina Kuttler, Peter Czuppon, and Burkhard A. Hense. "Multiple regulation mechanisms of bacterial quorum sensing." BIOMATH 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 1607291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11145/j.biomath.2016.07.291.

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Many bacteria have developed a possibility to recognise aspects of their environment or to communicate with each other by chemical signals. The so-called Quorum sensing (QS) is a special case of this kind of communication. Such an extracellular signalling via small diffusible compounds (called autoinducers) is known for many bacterial species, including pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Using this mechanism allows them to regulate their behaviour, e.g. virulence. We will focus on the typical QS system of Gram negative bacteria of the so-called lux type, based on a gene regulatory system with a positive feedback loop. There is increasing evidence that autoinducer systems themselves are controlled by various factors, often reflecting the cells’ nutrient or stress state. We model and analyse three possible interaction patterns. Typical aspects are e.g. the range of bistability, the activation threshold and the long term behaviour. Additionally, we aim towards understanding the differences with respect to the biological outcomes and estimating potential ecological or evolutionary consequences, respectively.

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Gao, Xing, Zhijun Shi, Piotr Kuśmierczyk, Changqing Liu, Guang Yang, Igor Sevostianov, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. "Time-dependent rheological behaviour of bacterial cellulose hydrogel." Materials Science and Engineering: C 58 (January 2016): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.019.

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Gao, Xing, Zhijun Shi, Changqing Liu, Guang Yang, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. "Fracture Behaviour of Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel: Microstructural Effect." Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016): 1237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.158.

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Akhtar, Saghir, Colin W. Pouton, and Lidia J. Notarianni. "Crystallization behaviour and drug release from bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates." Polymer 33, no. 1 (January 1992): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(92)90570-m.

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Escobar, Jeffery, William G. Van Alstine, David H. Baker, and Rodney W. Johnson. "Behaviour of pigs with viral and bacterial pneumonia." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 105, no. 1-3 (June 2007): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.06.005.

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Bennett, Rachel R., Calvin K. Lee, Jaime De Anda, Kenneth H. Nealson, Fitnat H. Yildiz, George A. O'Toole, Gerard C. L. Wong, and Ramin Golestanian. "Species-dependent hydrodynamics of flagellum-tethered bacteria in early biofilm development." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 115 (February 2016): 20150966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0966.

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Monotrichous bacteria on surfaces exhibit complex spinning movements. Such spinning motility is often a part of the surface detachment launch sequence of these cells. To understand the impact of spinning motility on bacterial surface interactions, we develop a hydrodynamic model of a surface-bound bacterium, which reproduces behaviours that we observe in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Shewanella oneidensis and Vibrio cholerae , and provides a detailed dictionary for connecting observed spinning behaviour to bacteria–surface interactions. Our findings indicate that the fraction of the flagellar filament adhered to the surface, the rotation torque of this appendage, the flexibility of the flagellar hook and the shape of the bacterial cell dictate the likelihood that a microbe will detach and the optimum orientation that it should have during detachment. These findings are important for understanding species-specific reversible attachment, the key transition event between the planktonic and biofilm lifestyle for motile, rod-shaped organisms.

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Tsibakhashvili, N. Ya, L. Mosulishvili, E. Kirkesali, T. Kalabegishvili, S. Kerkenjia, M. V. Frontasyeva, Gh Duca, and I. Zinicovscaia. "Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis for Bacterial Transformations of Chromium." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 4, no. 2 (December 2009): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2009.04(2).18.

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Most powerful primary analytical technique, neutron activation analysis, was applied to study indigenous bacteria, namely, Arthrobacter genera which can be successfully used in detoxification and immobilization of toxic substances. In the present study the effect of Cr(VI) on the elemental content of these bacteria has been examined. The concentrations from 12 to 19 elements such as Na, Al, Cl, K, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, Ba, Tb, Th, U were determined in the bacterial cells. The high rate of Cr accumulation in the tested bacterial cells was shown. In bacteria treated with chromate some similarity in the behaviour of the following essential elements − potassium, sodium, chlorine − was observed. Such non-essential elements as Ag, As, Br and U were determined in all bacteria and have to be considered by cells as toxins.

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Lawrence, J. R., and R. A. Snyder. "Feeding behaviour and grazing impacts of a Euplotes sp. on attached bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-057.

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The locomotory and feeding responses of a Euplotes sp. to attached populations of Vibrio natriegens and Pseudomonas fluorescens in a continuous flow system were analyzed by computer image analysis of video microscopy recordings. Upon entry into the chamber, the ciliates moved in long continuous arcs 300 µm in length during which time no bacteria were consumed. As feeding began, the average path length shortened, the arcs became tighter, and the ciliates changed direction more frequently. The feeding activity of the Euplotes appeared to be gregarious, being concentrated in patches within the biofilm of attached bacteria. It was also noted that the feeding effort targeted patches previously visited by other Euplotes, despite reduced bacterial density relative to the surrounding field of attached bacteria. This focused and intense feeding activity resulted in localized zones of nearly complete clearance within the attached bacterial populations. Loss of bacteria and averaged ciliate presence within feeding patches were determined from digitized time series images and discrimination thresholds for particle size. These data were used to determine grazing rates indicating that Euplotes sp. removed 120 V. natriegens cells·ciliate1·h1 and up to 882 P. fluorescens cells·ciliate1·h1. However, surface clearance rates for Euplotes sp. grazing on V. natriegens and P. fluorescens were 0.02 and 0.03 mm2·ciliate1·h1, respectively, indicating that surface grazing pressure was fairly consistent within the patches of intense feeding activity. The effect of such intense localized feeding behaviour on attached or biofilm bacteria would be to increase spatial and temporal heterogeneity within biofilms. Key words: digital image analysis, Euplotes, grazing, biofilms.

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Wu, Fan, and Cheemeng Tan. "Dead bacterial absorption of antimicrobial peptides underlies collective tolerance." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 151 (February 2019): 20180701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0701.

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The collective tolerance towards antimicrobial peptides (APs) is thought to occur primarily through mechanisms associated with live bacterial cells. In contrast to the focus on live cells, we discover that the LL37 antimicrobial peptide kills a subpopulation of Escherichia coli , forming dead cells that absorb the remaining LL37 from the environment. Combining mathematical modelling with population and single-cell experiments, we show that bacteria absorb LL37 at a timing that coincides with the permeabilization of their cytoplasmic membranes. Furthermore, we show that one bacterial strain can absorb LL37 and protect another strain from killing by LL37. Finally, we demonstrate that the absorption of LL37 by dead bacteria can be reduced using a peptide adjuvant. In contrast to the known collective tolerance mechanisms, we show that the absorption of APs by dead bacteria is a dynamic process that leads to emergent population behaviour.

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Martin, Isaac, Valerie Waters, and Hartmut Grasemann. "Approaches to Targeting Bacterial Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis Airways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042155.

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The treatment of lung infection in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF) is limited by a biofilm mode of growth of pathogenic organisms. When compared to planktonically grown bacteria, bacterial biofilms can survive extremely high levels of antimicrobials. Within the lung, bacterial biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms suspended in a matrix of self-secreted proteins within the sputum. These structures offer both physical protection from antibiotics as well as a heterogeneous population of metabolically and phenotypically distinct bacteria. The bacteria themselves and the components of the extracellular matrix, in addition to the signaling pathways that direct their behaviour, are all potential targets for therapeutic intervention discussed in this review. This review touches on the successes and failures of current anti-biofilm strategies, before looking at emerging therapies and the mechanisms by which it is hoped they will overcome current limitations.

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Roberts, Mark A. J., Antonis Papachristodoulou, and Judith P. Armitage. "Adaptation and control circuits in bacterial chemotaxis." Biochemical Society Transactions 38, no. 5 (September 24, 2010): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0381265.

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Bacteria are capable of sensing and responding to changes in their environment. One of the ways they do this is via chemotaxis, regulating swimming behaviour. The chemotaxis pathway senses chemoattractant gradients and uses a feedback loop to change the bacterial swimming pattern; this feedback loop differs in detail between species. In the present article, we summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in three species and how these pathways can be viewed and analysed through the ideas of feedback control systems engineering.

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Darwis, D., T. Khusniya, L. Hardiningsih, F. Nurlidar, and H. Winarno. "In-vitro Degradation Behaviour of Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose Membrane." Atom Indonesia 38, no. 2 (January 15, 2013): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/aij.2012.164.

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Ruhani, Khaled, Simo Rälsänen, Gunnar Skov Simonsen, and Lars-Eric Stenfors. "Bacterial Behaviour in Middle Ear Effusion Material: AnIn VitroStudy." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 116, no. 1 (January 1996): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489609137714.

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Møller, C. O. de A., E. F. Ücok, and F. P. Rattray. "Histamine forming behaviour of bacterial isolates from aged cheese." Food Research International 128 (February 2020): 108719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108719.

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Namane, A., F. Amrouche, J. Arrar, O. Ali, and A. Hellal. "Bacterial behaviour in the biodegradation of phenol by indigenous bacteria immobilized in Ca-alginate beads." Environmental Technology 41, no. 14 (December 10, 2018): 1829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1551427.

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Shum, H., E. A. Gaffney, and D. J. Smith. "Modelling bacterial behaviour close to a no-slip plane boundary: the influence of bacterial geometry." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2118 (January 13, 2010): 1725–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0520.

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We describe a boundary-element method used to model the hydrodynamics of a bacterium propelled by a single helical flagellum. Using this model, we optimize the power efficiency of swimming with respect to cell body and flagellum geometrical parameters, and find that optima for swimming in unbounded fluid and near a no-slip plane boundary are nearly indistinguishable. We also consider the novel optimization objective of torque efficiency and find a very different optimal shape. Excluding effects such as Brownian motion and electrostatic interactions, it is demonstrated that hydrodynamic forces may trap the bacterium in a stable, circular orbit near the boundary, leading to the empirically observable surface accumulation of bacteria. Furthermore, the details and even the existence of this stable orbit depend on geometrical parameters of the bacterium, as described in this article. These results shed some light on the phenomenon of surface accumulation of micro-organisms and offer hydrodynamic explanations as to why some bacteria may accumulate more readily than others based on morphology.

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Tiwari, Sachin, Shilpa Pal, Rekha Puria, Vikrant Nain, and Rajendra Prasad Pathak. "Mechanical and Microstructure Study of the Self Healing Bacterial Concrete." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.472.

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Concrete largely used for construction material, degrades with the development of cracks that becomes easy passage for entry of chemicals and harmful compounds. Self healing capability is helpful to mitigate the deterioration of the concrete structures. This research work focuses on the self healing behaviour and mechanical properties of the bioconcrete supplemented with three different bacteria namely Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus cohnii and Bacillus megaterium. Concrete supplemented with Bacillus cohnii exhibited 35.31% increase in compressive strength compared to control mix after 28 days. Concrete supplemented with other bacteria Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus megaterium also showed enhanced compressive strength. Interestingly, addition of bacteria aided in healing of artificially generated cracks by formation of CaCO3 minerals. Maximum amount of healing (bacterial precipitation) which could be quantified as calcite minerals present in the bacterial concrete was 11.44% with B. cohnii confirmed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).

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Lenin, Kanagasabai. "Diminution of factual power loss by enhanced bacterial foraging optimization algorithm." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v9.i3.pp245-249.

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<div data-canvas-width="126.37004132231402">This paper presents an enhanced bacterial foraging optimization (EBFO) algorithm for solving the optimal reactive power problem. Bacterial foraging optimization is based on foraging behaviour of <em>Escherichia coli</em> bacteria which present in the human intestine. Bacteria have inclination to congregate the nutrient-rich areas by an action called as Chemo taxis. The bacterial foraging process consists of four chronological methods i.e. chemo taxis, swarming and reproduction and elimination-dispersal. In this work rotation angle adaptively and incessantly modernized, which augment the diversity of the population and progress the global search capability. The quantum rotation gate is utilized for chemo taxis to modernize the state of chromosome projected EBFO algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 14,300 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss extensively.</div>

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Rubin, Benjamin E. R., Jon G. Sanders, Kyle M. Turner, Naomi E. Pierce, and Sarah D. Kocher. "Social behaviour in bees influences the abundance of Sodalis (Enterobacteriaceae) symbionts." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (July 2018): 180369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180369.

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Social interactions can facilitate transmission of microbes between individuals, reducing variation in gut communities within social groups. Thus, the evolution of social behaviours and symbiont community composition have the potential to be tightly linked. We explored this connection by characterizing the diversity of bacteria associated with both eusocial and solitary bee species within the behaviourally variable family Halictidae using 16S amplicon sequencing. Contrary to expectations, we found few differences in bacterial abundance or variation between social forms; most halictid species appear to share similar gut bacterial communities. However, several strains of Sodalis, a genus described as a symbiont in a variety of insects but yet to be characterized in bees, differ in abundance between eusocial and solitary bees. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on whole-genome alignments indicate that Sodalis has independently colonized halictids at least three times. These strains appear to be mutually exclusive within individual bees, although they are not host-species-specific and no signatures of vertical transmission were observed, suggesting that Sodalis strains compete for access to hosts. The symbiosis between halictids and Sodalis therefore appears to be in its early stages.

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Gougoulis, D. A., I. Kyriazakis, V. S. Mavrogianni, I. A. Fragkou, J. Skoufos, A. Tzora, I. A. Taitzoglou, A. N. Kokoli, and G. C. Fthenakis. "Patterns of maternal-offspring behaviour of dairy sheep and potential association with mammary health." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07013.

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Behaviour during lactation and its relationship with mammary health was investigated in 12 dairy ewes (six with single lambs and six with twins) for 42 d after lambing. Behavioural recordings were made. Samples of teat duct material and of mammary secretion were collected for bacteriological and cytological examination. Ewes performed similar patterns of behaviour as those described in the literature for meat breeds, but with some differences. No negative maternal behaviours were observed; ewes showed reduced “Grooming” and “Sniffing” immediately post-partum. Of 480 duct or secretion samples, 39 and 3, respectively (P < 0.001), yielded bacteria. There was no difference in the frequency of bacterial isolation from ewes suckling singles or twins: 46 and 54% of isolates, respectively (P = 0.637). There was greater frequency of bacterial isolation during the first stage of lactation (day 0–day 3), 0.125, compared with the second (day 4– day 11), 0.083, the third (day 12–day 30), 0.063, and the fourth (day 31–day 42), 0.069 (P < 0.001). There was also greater frequency of positive California Mastitis Test scores during the first stage of lactation, 0.917, compared with that in stages 2 (0.550), 3 (0.140) and 4 (0.181) (P < 0.001). There was decreasing duration of “Sucking attempt” and “Successful suck” throughout lactation (P < 0.05). There was increasing frequency of “Hindering sucking” and of “Head up posture” from first to subsequent stages of lactation (P = 0.038 and P = 0.002), whilst “Hindering sucking” coincided with end of “Sucking bouts” of lambs. It is concluded that termination of lamb’s sucking activity by the ewe when her mammary glands have been emptied may prevent damage to the teat and likely development of mastitis. Furthermore, frequent and longer sucking events by lambs during early lactation, may contribute to increased bacterial recoveries from mammary glands of ewes. Key words: Sheep, maternal behaviour, mastitis, sucking, post-partum period, lactation, mammary infection

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Tran, Thi Thuy Tien, Krishnan Kannoorpatti, Anna Padovan, Suresh Thennadil, and Khai Nguyen. "Microbial corrosion of DSS 2205 in an acidic chloride environment under continuous flow." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): e0251524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251524.

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Corrosion under flow conditions is a major problem in the transportation industry. Various studies have shown the direct impact of different flow rates on bacteria biofilm formation, mass transfer and resulting different corrosion behaviour of materials in neutral environments. However, little is understood on corrosion under acidic flow conditions. This study investigated the impact of an acidic artificial seawater environment containing Desulfovibrio vulgaris on DSS 2205 microbial corrosion under different velocities (0.25 m.s-1 and 0.61 m.s-1). Experiments containing no bacteria were performed as controls. Bacterial attachment was observed by optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials corrosion was assessed using open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. Pits formed after potentiodynamic test were observed under SEM. The largest area of bacterial attachment was found on coupons immersed at a velocity of 0.25 m.s-1; however, the corrosion rate was lower than at higher velocity. Shallow pits occurred in the metal coupons when bacteria were present, while deep pits occurred in the controls. The study indicates the positive impact of biofilm formation in corrosion prevention of materials under acidic condition. The nature of corrosion behaviour of duplex stainless is discussed.

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Bauer, Antje, and Karl Forchhammer. "Bacterial Predation on Cyanobacteria." Microbial Physiology 31, no. 2 (2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516427.

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Predatory bacteria gained interest in the last 20 years. Nevertheless, only a few species are well characterized. The endobiotic predator <i>Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus</i> invades its prey to consume it from the inside, whereas <i>Myxococcus xanthus</i> hunts as a whole group to overcome its prey. Both species were described to prey on cyanobacteria as well. This minireview summarizes the findings of the last 20 years of predatory bacteria of cyanobacteria and is supplemented by new findings from a screening experiment for bacterial predators of the model organism <i>Anabaena variabilis</i> PCC 7937. Known predatory bacteria of cyanobacteria belong to the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and follow different hunting strategies. The underlying mechanisms are in most cases not known in much detail. Isolates from the screening experiment were clustered after predation behaviour and analyzed with respect to their size. The effect of predation in high nitrate levels and the occurrence of nitrogen-fixing cells, called heterocysts, are addressed.

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Mezrioui, N., B. Oudra, K. Oufdou, L. Hassani, M. Loudiki, and J. Darley. "Effect of microalgae growing on wastewater batch culture on escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae survival." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 8 (October 1, 1994): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0428.

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The stabilization pond is one of the more important biological wastewater treatment systems, applied in many countries. An experiment treating wastewater by stabilization ponds under the arid climate of Marrakesh (Morocco) has been underway since 1985. The experimental installation, made from two lined stabilization ponds, received domestic sewage which carried not only the organic load but also a significant bacterial load and other microorganisms. In this new habitat, the cells' bacterial behaviour was affected by various physico-chemical and biological factors. It appears that in such treatment system, known for excessive algal production, the microalgae has evidently an influence on bacterial growth. In this paper, we proposed to appreciate how microalgae essentially: Chlorella (Chlorophyta), Synechococcus andSynechocystis (Cyanobacteria), can affect the behaviour, survival and temporal evolution of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. In wastewater stabilization ponds of Marrakesh high levels of V. cholerae and low concentrations of coliform bacteria were noted during summer periods. This period coincided with a bloom of picocyanobacteria associated with a weak relative abundance of Chlorella. Some interactions tests were carried out with these bacteria and these algae, using a treated wastewater batch culture. Results show that the green algae reduces V. cholerae (pathogenic bacteria) abundances more than E. coli (fecal contamination bacteria) where as better survival of this pathogenic bacteria was noted in presence of Cyanobacteria. The die-off of E. coli appears to be more reduced in presence of Cyanobacteria than Chlorella. Furthermore, the alkaline pH seems to present a more bactericidal effect on E. coli than on V. cholerae. Thus, the Cyanobacteria blooms, associated with a weak percentage of Chlorella abundance, occurring periodically during summer in sewage stabilization ponds of Marrakesh, will be considered as one of the major factors leading to high levels of V. cholerae and low abundances of fecal coliform bacteria during the hot period.

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Saleh, Dina, Meha Sharma, Philippe Seguin, and Suha Jabaji. "Organic acids and root exudates of Brachypodium distachyon: effects on chemotaxis and biofilm formation of endophytic bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 10 (October 2020): 562–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0041.

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Root colonization by plant-growth-promoting bacteria could not be useful without the beneficial properties of the bacterium itself. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the bacterial capacity to form biofilms and establish a successful interaction with the plant roots. We assessed the ability of growth-promoting bacterial strains to form biofilm and display chemotactic behaviour in response to organic acids and (or) root exudates of the model plant Brachypodium distachyon. This assessment was based on the evaluation of single strains of bacteria and a multispecies consortium. The strains coexisted together and formed biofilm under biotic (living root) and abiotic (glass) surfaces. Citric acid stimulated biofilm formation in all individual strains, indicating a strong chemotactic behaviour towards organic acids. Recognizing that the transition from single strains of bacteria to a “multicellular” system would not happen without the presence of adhesion, the alginate and exopolysaccharide (EPS) contents were evaluated. The EPS amounts were comparable in single strains and consortium forms. Alginate production increased 160% in the consortium subjected to drought stress (10% PEG). These findings demonstrated that (i) bacteria–bacteria interaction is the hub of various factors that would not only affect their relation but also could indirectly affect the balanced plant–microbe relation and (ii) root exudates could be very selective in recruiting a highly qualified multispecies consortium.

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McLean, R. J. C., and J. C. Nickel. "Bacterial colonization behaviour: A new virulence strategy in urinary infections?" Medical Hypotheses 36, no. 3 (November 1991): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(91)90147-q.

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Lopes, J. L., J. M. Machado, L. Castanheira, P. L. Granja, F. M. Gama, F. Dourado, and J. R. Gomes. "Friction and wear behaviour of bacterial cellulose against articular cartilage." Wear 271, no. 9-10 (July 2011): 2328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.042.

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Ordway, Stephen W., Dawn M. King, David Friend, Christine Noto, Snowlee Phu, Holly Huelskamp, R. Fredrik Inglis, Wendy Olivas, and Sonya Bahar. "Phase transition behaviour in yeast and bacterial populations under stress." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 7 (July 2020): 192211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192211.

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Non-equilibrium phase transitions from survival to extinction have recently been observed in computational models of evolutionary dynamics. Dynamical signatures predictive of population collapse have been observed in yeast populations under stress. We experimentally investigate the population response of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to biological stressors (temperature and salt concentration) in order to investigate the system's behaviour in the vicinity of population collapse. While both conditions lead to population decline, the dynamical characteristics of the population response differ significantly depending on the stressor. Under temperature stress, the population undergoes a sharp change with significant fluctuations within a critical temperature range, indicative of a continuous absorbing phase transition. In the case of salt stress, the response is more gradual. A similar range of response is observed with the application of various antibiotics to Escherichia coli , with a variety of patterns of decreased growth in response to antibiotic stress both within and across antibiotic classes and mechanisms of action. These findings have implications for the identification of critical tipping points for populations under environmental stress.

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Gao, Xing, Zhijun Shi, Changqing Liu, Guang Yang, Igor Sevostianov, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. "Inelastic behaviour of bacterial cellulose hydrogel: In aqua cyclic tests." Polymer Testing 44 (July 2015): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.03.021.

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Gorham, N., T. Becker, Denis W. Shiers, and Helen R. Watling. "Visualisation of Bacterial Behaviour Using Tapping-Mode Atomic Force Microscopy." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.341.

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Ex-situ and in-situ Tapping Mode AFM were used to investigate responses of attached bacteria to stressful conditions. For ex-situ measurements, the AFM was equipped with a customised re-positioning stage and sample mount to permit re-examination of the same surface area. For in-situ measurements, the inoculated pyrite coupon was immersed in solution in a flow through cell. Initial experiments using Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans indicated that increased acidity promoted EPS production but increased salinity resulted in cell detachment.

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Rogers, Geraint B., Mary P. Carroll, and Kenneth D. Bruce. "Enhancing the utility of existing antibiotics by targeting bacterial behaviour?" British Journal of Pharmacology 165, no. 4 (January 25, 2012): 845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01643.x.

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Melaugh, Gavin, Jaime Hutchison, Kasper Nørskov Kragh, Yasuhiko Irie, Aled Roberts, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Stephen P. Diggle, Vernita D. Gordon, and Rosalind J. Allen. "Shaping the Growth Behaviour of Biofilms Initiated from Bacterial Aggregates." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2016): e0149683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149683.

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Sovljanski, Olja, Lato Pezo, Ana Tomic, Aleksandra Ranitovic, Dragoljub Cvetkovic, and Sinisa Markov. "Operating parameter optimization of cell surface hydrophobicity test for ureolytic bacteria." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200813082s.

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As one of the main non-covalent relations in microbiological-based systems, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) can be observed as a relevant parameter for biodegradation capability and suggested bacterial behaviour and biofilm formation during a bioremediation process. On the other hand, the role of ureolytic bacteria in bioremediation has subsequently led to the examination of this bacterial type in different engineering fields. In order to optimize the operating parameters of microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons test (MATH) for ureolytic bacteria, Box-Behnken experimental design was conducted for five ureolytic bacteria isolated from soils as well as the reference strain Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM 33. The optimization was completed with and without essential substrate for targeted metabolic reaction, with the aim to compare differences in bacterial hydrophobicity. The vortex time of 2 minutes, hydrocarbon volume of 0.5 mL, and phase separation time of 15 minutes are recommended as MATH operating parameters for all tested ureolytic bacteria. Although all bacteria are hydrophobic, lower CSH values in urea presence were observed for the same bacterium which can be explained by the interaction of urea with organic phase of the separation system as well as rapid ureolysis process which also occurs during ureolytic bacteria application in biotechnology systems.

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Aruguete, Deborah M., Jeremy S. Guest, William W. Yu, Nancy G. Love, and Michael F. Hochella. "Interaction of CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2010): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09106.

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Environmental context. The growing use of nanotechnology means that nanomaterials are likely to be released into the environment, and their impact upon microbes, which form the biological foundation of all ecosystems, remains unclear. To understand how nanomaterials might affect bacteria in the environment, the interactions between a commercially-relevant quantum dot and a common soil and water bacterium was investigated. In this case, it was found that these quantum dots are non-toxic to these bacteria, and also that these bacteria do not cause degradation of the quantum dots. This study also has implications related to the environmental fate of quantum dots. Abstract. Polymer-encapsulated CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dots, which closely model commercially-available quantum dots, were tested for toxic effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The size, aggregation state, and dissolution of the quantum dots were characterised before and after exposure to bacteria. The physical association of quantum dots with bacterial cells was also examined. The quantum dots were found to have no effect upon bacterial viability. They remained chemically stable and dispersed in solution even with bacterial exposure. It is suggested that the absence of toxicity is the result of the stability of the quantum dots due to their protective polymer coatings, and their apparent lack of association with bacterial cells. The stability of the quantum dots, even in the presence of the bacteria, as well as their non-toxicity has implications for their environmental behaviour and ultimate fate.

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Guan, J., T. D. Waite, R. Amal, H. Bustamante, and R. Wukasch. "Rapid determination of fractal structure of bacterial assemblages in wastewater treatment: implications to process optimisation." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0092.

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A rapid method of determining the structure of aggregated particles using small angle laser light scattering is applied here to assemblages of bacteria from wastewater treatment systems. The structure information so obtained is suggestive of fractal behaviour as found by other methods. Strong dependencies are shown to exist between the fractal structure of the bacterial aggregates and the behaviour of the biosolids in zone settling and dewatering by both pressure filtration and centrifugation methods. More rapid settling and significantly higher solids contents are achievable for “looser” flocs characterised by lower fractal dimensions. The rapidity of determination of structural information and the strong dependencies of the effectiveness of a number of wastewater treatment processes on aggregate structure suggests that this method may be particularly useful as an on-line control tool.

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Domenek, Sandra, Valérie Langlois, and Estelle Renard. "Bacterial polyesters grafted with poly(ethylene glycol): Behaviour in aqueous media." Polymer Degradation and Stability 92, no. 7 (July 2007): 1384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacterial behaviour'

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