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Academic literature on the topic 'Bacterial alkyl glycerol tetraethers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bacterial alkyl glycerol tetraethers"
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Becker, Kevin W., Felix J. Elling, Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Andrea Söllinger, Tim Urich, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Unusual Butane- and Pentanetriol-Based Tetraether Lipids in Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, a Representative of the Seventh Order of Methanogens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 15 (May 13, 2016): 4505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00772-16.
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ABSTRACTA new clade of archaea has recently been proposed to constitute the seventh methanogenic order, theMethanomassiliicoccales, which is related to theThermoplasmatalesand the uncultivated archaeal clades deep-sea hydrothermal ventEuryarchaeotagroup 2 and marine group IIEuryarchaeotabut only distantly related to other methanogens. In this study, we investigated the membrane lipid composition ofMethanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, the sole cultured representative of this seventh order. The lipid inventory ofM. luminyensiscomprises a unique assemblage of novel lipids as well as lipids otherwise typical for thermophilic, methanogenic, or halophilic archaea. For instance, glycerol sesterpanyl-phytanyl diether core lipids found mainly in halophilic archaea were detected, and so were compounds bearing either heptose or methoxylated glycosidic head groups, neither of which have been reported so far for other archaea. The absence of quinones or methanophenazines is consistent with a biochemistry of methanogenesis different from that of the methanophenazine-containing methylotrophic methanogens. The most distinctive characteristic of the membrane lipid composition ofM. luminyensis, however, is the presence of tetraether lipids in which one glycerol backbone is replaced by either butane- or pentanetriol, i.e., lipids recently discovered in marine sediments. Butanetriol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (BDGT) constitutes the most abundant core lipid type (>50% relative abundance) inM. luminyensis. We have thus identified a source for these unusual orphan lipids. The complementary analysis of diverse marine sediment samples showed that BDGTs are widespread in anoxic layers, suggesting an environmental significance ofMethanomassiliicoccalesand/or related BDGT producers beyond gastrointestinal tracts.IMPORTANCECellular membranes of members of all three domains of life,Archaea,Bacteria, andEukarya, are largely formed by lipids in which glycerol serves as backbone for the hydrophobic alkyl chains. Recently, however, archaeal tetraether lipids with either butanetriol or pentanetriol as a backbone were identified in marine sediments and attributed to uncultured sediment-dwelling archaea. Here we show that the butanetriol-based dibiphytanyl tetraethers constitute the major lipids inMethanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, currently the only isolate of the novel seventh order of methanogens. Given the absence of these lipids in a large set of archaeal isolates, these compounds may be diagnostic for theMethanomassiliicoccalesand/or closely related archaea.
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Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, Johan W. H. Weijers, Bärbel U. Foesel, Jörg Overmann, and Svetlana N. Dedysh. "13,16-Dimethyl Octacosanedioic Acid (iso-Diabolic Acid), a Common Membrane-Spanning Lipid of Acidobacteria Subdivisions 1 and 3." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 12 (April 22, 2011): 4147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00466-11.
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ABSTRACTThe distribution of membrane lipids of 17 different strains representing 13 species of subdivisions 1 and 3 of the phylumAcidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum of theBacteria, were examined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS of intact polar lipids. Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied. This lipid has previously been encountered only in thermophilicThermoanaerobacterspecies but bears a structural resemblance to the alkyl chains of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) that occur ubiquitously in peat and soil and are suspected to be produced by acidobacteria. As reported previously, most species also containediso-C15and C16:1ω7Cas major fatty acids but the presence ofiso-diabolic acid was unnoticed in previous studies, most probably because the complex lipid that contained this moiety was not extractable from the cells; it could only be released by hydrolysis. Direct analysis of intact polar lipids in the Bligh-Dyer extract of three acidobacterial strains, indeed, did not reveal any membrane-spanning lipids containingiso-diabolic acid. In 3 of the 17 strains, ether-boundiso-diabolic acid was detected after hydrolysis of the cells, including one branched GDGT containingiso-diabolic acid-derived alkyl chains. Since the GDGT distribution in soils is much more complex, branched GDGTs in soil likely also originate from other (acido)bacteria capable of biosynthesizing these components.
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Lopes dos Santos, Raquel A., and Christopher H. Vane. "Tracking natural organic carbon in the River Clyde, UK, using glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, no. 2-3 (June 2017): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800035x.
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ABSTRACTSurface sediments from a 100-km stretch of the River Clyde, UK, and its estuary were analysed for glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to track the downstream changes in the source of organic matter (OM) and to evaluate the impact of urbanisation. Bacterial membrane lipids, named branched GDGTs (brGDGTs), produced in soils and rivers ranged from 1.6 to 58μgg−1 organic carbon (OC) and the isoprenoid GDGT crenarchaeol, mainly from marine archaea, ranged from 0.01 to 42μgg−1 OC. The highest brGDGT concentrations were in the upper river, in Glasgow city and in the outer estuary, suggesting higher soil-derived OM input. By contrast, crenarchaeol concentrations gradually increased from the tidal weir in Glasgow towards the sea. This spatial distribution of the tetraethers was reflected in the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index, a proxy for soil versus marine carbon. The highest BIT values (1.0) occurred upstream, estuarine values ranged from 0.9 to 0.6 and the lowest values (0.4) were found in the outer estuary. An independent proxy for soil-derived OM, stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values, showed a comparable decrease in terrigenous OM contribution towards the sea, but was more variable compared to the BIT. Conversely, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) showed a constant trend, suggesting that it is not a reliable indicator of OM source in the Clyde. Neither BIT, δ13C nor C/N were able to reflect the input of urban effluents from Glasgow.
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Hu, Jianfang, Philip A. Meyers, Gukui Chen, Ping’an Peng, and Qunhui Yang. "Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in sediments from the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, South Pacific Ocean." Organic Geochemistry 43 (February 2012): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.10.012.
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Schouten, Stefan, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Anna-Louise Reysenbach, David M. Ward, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Archaeal and Bacterial Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Lipids in Hot Springs of Yellowstone National Park." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 19 (August 10, 2007): 6181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00630-07.
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ABSTRACTGlycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are core membrane lipids originally thought to be produced mainly by (hyper)thermophilic archaea. Environmental screening of low-temperature environments showed, however, the abundant presence of structurally diverse GDGTs from both bacterial and archaeal sources. In this study, we examined the occurrences and distribution of GDGTs in hot spring environments in Yellowstone National Park with high temperatures (47 to 83°C) and mostly neutral to alkaline pHs. GDGTs with 0 to 4 cyclopentane moieties were dominant in all samples and are likely derived from both (hyper)thermophilicCrenarchaeotaandEuryarchaeota. GDGTs with 4 to 8 cyclopentane moieties, likely derived from the crenarchaeotal orderSulfolobalesand the euryarchaeotal orderThermoplasmatales, are usually present in much lower abundance, consistent with the relatively high pH values of the hot springs. The relative abundances of cyclopentane-containing GDGTs did not correlate with in situ temperature and pH, suggesting that other environmental and possibly genetic factors play a role as well. Crenarchaeol, a biomarker thought to be specific for nonthermophilic group ICrenarchaeota, was also found in most hot springs, though in relatively low concentrations, i.e., <5% of total GDGTs. Its abundance did not correlate with temperature, as has been reported previously. Instead, the cooccurrence of relatively abundant nonisoprenoid GDGTs thought to be derived from soil bacteria suggests a predominantly allochthonous source for crenarchaeol in these hot spring environments. Finally, the distribution of bacterial branched GDGTs suggests that they may be derived from the geothermally heated soils surrounding the hot springs.
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Zink, Klaus-G., Marcus J. Vandergoes, Kai Mangelsdorf, Ann C. Dieffenbacher-Krall, and Lorenz Schwark. "Application of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to develop modern and past temperature estimates from New Zealand lakes." Organic Geochemistry 41, no. 9 (September 2010): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.004.
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Blank, P. N., A. A. Barnett, T. A. Ronnebaum, K. E. Alderfer, B. N. Gillott, D. W. Christianson, and J. A. Himmelberger. "Structural studies of geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase, a prenyltransferase found in thermophilic Euryarchaeota." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 76, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 542–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798320004878.
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Archaea are uniquely adapted to thrive in harsh environments, and one of these adaptations involves the archaeal membrane lipids, which are characterized by their isoprenoid alkyl chains connected via ether linkages to glycerol 1-phosphate. The membrane lipids of the thermophilic and acidophilic euryarchaeota Thermoplasma volcanium are exclusively glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers. The first committed step in the biosynthetic pathway of these archaeal lipids is the formation of the ether linkage between glycerol 1-phosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, and is catalyzed by the enzyme geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase (GGGPS). The 1.72 Å resolution crystal structure of GGGPS from T. volcanium (TvGGGPS) in complex with glycerol and sulfate is reported here. The crystal structure reveals TvGGGPS to be a dimer, which is consistent with the absence of the aromatic anchor residue in helix α5a that is required for hexamerization in other GGGPS homologs; the hexameric quaternary structure in GGGPS is thought to provide thermostability. A phylogenetic analysis of the Euryarchaeota and a parallel ancestral state reconstruction investigated the relationship between optimal growth temperature and the ancestral sequences. The presence of an aromatic anchor residue is not explained by temperature as an ecological parameter. An examination of the active site of the TvGGGPS dimer revealed that it may be able to accommodate longer isoprenoid substrates, supporting an alternative pathway of isoprenoid membrane-lipid synthesis.
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Stadnitskaia, Alina, Marianne Baas, Michael K. Ivanov, Tjeerd C. E. Van Weering, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Novel archaeal macrocyclic diether core membrane lipids in a methane-derived carbonate crust from a mud volcano in the Sorokin Trough, NE Black Sea." Archaea 1, no. 3 (2003): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/329175.
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A methane-derived carbonate crust was collected from the recently discovered NIOZ mud volcano in the Sorokin Trough, NE Black Sea during the 11th Training-through-Research cruise of the R/V Professor Logachev. Among several specific bacterial and archaeal membrane lipids present in this crust, two novel macrocyclic diphytanyl glycerol diethers, containing one or two cyclopentane rings, were detected. Their structures were tentatively identified based on the interpretation of mass spectra, comparison with previously reported mass spectral data, and a hydrogenation experiment. This macrocyclic type of archaeal core membrane diether lipid has so far been identified only in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent methanogenMethanococcus jannaschii. Here, we provide the first evidence that these macrocyclic diethers can also contain internal cyclopentane rings. The molecular structure of the novel diethers resembles that of dibiphytanyl tetraethers in which biphytane chains, containing one and two pentacyclic rings, also occur. Such tetraethers were abundant in the crust. Compound-specific isotope measurements revealed δ13C values of –104 to –111‰ for these new archaeal lipids, indicating that they are derived from methanotrophic archaea acting within anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortia, which subsequently induce authigenic carbonate formation.
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Rodrigo-Gámiz, M., S. W. Rampen, H. de Haas, M. Baas, S. Schouten, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Constraints on the applicability of the organic temperature proxies U<sup>K'</sup><sub>37</sub>, TEX<sub>86</sub> and LDI in the subpolar region around Iceland." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2015): 6573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6573-2015.
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Abstract. Subpolar regions are key areas for studying natural climate variability due to their high sensitivity to rapid environmental changes, particularly through sea surface temperature (SST) variations. Here, we have tested three independent organic temperature proxies (UK'37; TEX86; and the long-chain diol index, LDI) regarding their potential applicability for SST reconstruction in the subpolar region around Iceland. UK'37, TEX86 and TEXL86 temperature estimates from suspended particulate matter showed a substantial discrepancy with instrumental data, while long-chain alkyl diols were below the detection limit at most of the stations. In the northern Iceland Basin, sedimenting particles revealed a seasonality in lipid fluxes, i.e., high fluxes of alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) were measured during late spring and during summer and high fluxes of long-chain alkyl diols during late summer. The flux-weighted average temperature estimates had a significant negative (ca. 2.3 °C for UK'37) and positive (up to 5 °C for TEX86) offset with satellite-derived SSTs and temperature estimates derived from the underlying surface sediment. UK'37 temperature estimates from surface sediments around Iceland correlate well with summer mean sea surface temperatures, while TEX86-derived temperatures correspond with both annual and winter mean 0–200 m temperatures, suggesting a subsurface temperature signal. Anomalous LDI-SST values in surface sediments and low mass flux of 1,13- and 1,15-diols compared to 1,14-diols suggest that Proboscia diatoms are the major sources of long-chain alkyl diols in this area rather than eustigmatophyte algae, and therefore the LDI cannot be applied in this region.
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Zhang, Zhe-Xuan, Edith Parlanti, Christelle Anquetil, Jérôme Morelle, Anniet M. Laverman, Alexandre Thibault, Elisa Bou, and Arnaud Huguet. "Environmental controls on the distribution of brGDGTs and brGMGTs across the Seine River basin (NW France): implications for bacterial tetraethers as a proxy for riverine runoff." Biogeosciences 21, no. 9 (May 7, 2024): 2227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024.
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Abstract. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial lipids that have been widely used as environmental proxies in continental paleorecords. Another group of related lipids, branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGMGTs), has recently been proposed as a potential paleotemperature proxy. Nevertheless, the sources and environmental dependencies of both brGDGTs and brGMGTs along the river–sea continuum are still poorly understood, complicating their application as paleoenvironmental proxies in some aquatic settings. In this study, the sources of brGDGTs and brGMGTs and the potential factors controlling their distributions are explored across the Seine River basin (NW France), which encompasses the freshwater-to-seawater continuum. BrGDGTs and brGMGTs were analyzed in soils, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments (n=237) collected along the land–sea continuum of the Seine basin. Both types of compounds (i.e., brGDGTs and brGMGTs) are shown to be produced in situ, in freshwater and saltwater, based on their high concentrations and distinct distributions in aquatic settings (SPM and sediments) vs. soils. Redundancy analysis further shows that both salinity and nitrogen dominantly control the brGDGT distributions. Furthermore, the relative abundance of 6-methyl vs. that of 5-methyl brGDGTs (the IR6Me ratio), the total nitrogen (TN), the δ15N, and the chlorophyll a concentration co-vary in a specific geographical zone with low salinity, suggesting that 6-methyl brGDGTs are preferentially produced under low-salinity and high-productivity conditions. In contrast to brGDGTs, the brGMGT distribution appears to be primarily regulated by salinity, with a distinct influence on the individual homologues. Salinity is positively correlated with homologues H1020a and H1020b and negatively correlated with compounds H1020c and H1034b in SPM. This suggests that bacteria living in freshwater preferentially produce compounds H1020c and H1034b, whereas bacteria that primarily grow in saltwater appear to be predominantly responsible for the production of homologues H1020a and H1020b. Based on the abundance ratio of the freshwater-derived compounds (H1020c and H1034b) vs. their saltwater-derived homologues (H1020a and H1020b), a novel proxy, the Riverine IndeX (RIX), is proposed to trace riverine organic matter inputs, with high values (>0.5) indicating a higher riverine contribution. We successfully applied RIX to the Godavari River basin (India) and a paleorecord across the upper Paleocene and lower Eocene from the Arctic Coring Expedition at Lomonosov Ridge, showing its potential applicability to both modern samples and paleorecords.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacterial alkyl glycerol tetraethers"
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Véquaud, Pierre. "Développement et application de nouveaux marqueurs d’environnement d’origine bactérienne en milieu terrestre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS475.
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A ce jour, les seuls biomarqueurs organiques utilisables pour la reconstruction de la température et du pH en milieu terrestre sont les alkyl tetraéthers de glycérol bactériens (GDGTs ramifiés ou brGDGTs). Ce travail de thèse s’est intéressé au développement et à l’application d’autres marqueurs bactériens, les acides gras 3-hydroxylés (3-AGH). L’analyse de l’abondance des 3-AGHs et des brGDGTs dans 49 sols prélevés dans les Alpes françaises a permis de quantifier l'influence de paramètres environnementaux autres que la température sur la distribution des brGDGTs et des 3-AGHs. En parallèle, des expériences de microcosmes menées sur 4 de ces sols pendant 1 an à différentes températures n’ont pas permis d’observer une évolution des abondances relatives de 3-AGHs mais une augmentation de la proportion de certains brGDGTs. Une première calibration globale des 3-AGHs comme marqueurs de température et de pH a été proposée à partir de 168 échantillons de sols provenant du monde entier. Ce travail a démontré l’intérêt de nouvelles approches utilisant l’apprentissage automatisé pour établir des calibrations de marqueurs. Enfin une calibration globale améliorée des brGDGTs comme marqueurs de température et de pH en milieu terrestre a été proposée (modèle FROG). Ces différentes calibrations ont été appliquées sur des archives paléoclimatiques. L’ensemble des connaissances acquises ont permis d’affiner la compréhension de l’influence de différentes variables environnementales sur la distribution des lipides membranaires utilisés comme marqueurs d’environnements en milieu terrestre, et de proposer de nouvelles approches statistiques pour établir des calibrations de marqueursTo date, the only biomarkers that can be used for temperature and pH reconstruction in terrestrial environments are bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (branched GDGTs or brGDGTs). This PhD work focused on the development and application of other proxies of bacterial origin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs). The analysis of the abundance of 3-OH FAs and brGDGTs in 49 soils sampled in the French Alps made it possible to quantify the influence of environmental parameters other than temperature on the distribution of brGDGTs and 3-OH FAs. In parallel, microcosm experiments carried out on 4 of these soils for 1 year at different temperatures did not reveal any change in the relative abundances of 3-OH FAs but an increase in the proportion of certain brGDGTs. A first global calibration of 3-OH FAs as temperature and pH proxies was proposed from 168 soil samples globally distributed. This work demonstrated the interest of new approaches using machine learning to establish biomarker calibrations. Finally, an improved global calibration of brGDGTs as temperature and pH proxies in terrestrial environments was proposed (FROG model). These different calibrations were successfully applied and validated on paleoclimatic archives. This work enabled to refine the understanding of the influence of different environmental variables on the distribution of membrane lipids (3-OH FAs and brGDGTs) used as environmental proxies in terrestrial environments, and to propose new statistical approaches to establish environmental proxies calibrations