Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacterial

Academic literature on the topic 'Bacterial'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacterial"

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Kurmasheva, Naziia, Vyacheslav Vorobiev, Margarita Sharipova, Tatyana Efremova, and Ayslu Mardanova. "The Potential Virulence Factors ofProvidencia stuartii: Motility, Adherence, and Invasion." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3589135.

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Providencia stuartiiis the most commonProvidenciaspecies capable of causing human infections. CurrentlyP. stuartiiis involved in high incidence of urinary tract infections in catheterized patients. The ability of bacteria to swarm on semisolid (viscous) surfaces and adhere to and invade host cells determines the specificity of the disease pathogenesis and its therapy. In the present study we demonstrated morphological changes ofP. stuartiiNK cells during migration on the viscous medium and discussed adhesive and invasive properties utilizing the HeLa-M cell line as a host model. To visualize the interaction ofP. stuartiiNK bacterial cells with eukaryotic cellsin vitroscanning electron and confocal microscopy were performed. We found that bacteriaP. stuartiiNK are able to adhere to and invade HeLa-M epithelial cells and these properties depend on the age of bacterial culture. Also, to invade the host cells the infectious dose of the bacteria is essential. The microphotographs indicate that after incubation of bacterialP. stuartiiNK cells together with epithelial cells the bacterial cells both were adhered onto and invaded into the host cells.
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Danylenko, S. G., O. V. Naumenko, A. S. Onishchenko, S. M. Teterina, M. O. Khonkiv, and S. O. Skrotskyi. "Biotechnology of Newly Created Bacterial Composition for Siloing Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.06.020.

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Peculiarities of high-quality silage production are the use of biological products based on lactic acid bacteria. The composition of such starters varies greatly according to the use of bacterial cultures, so among the starters available on the market, the range of their effectiveness is also different. It is very common to use a one-sided approach to the choice of bacterial components, which in combination with imperfect production technology have low preservative activity. The study of combined preparations, which combine homo- and heterofermentative types of lactic acid fermentation, allows to stabilize the preservative properties throughout the ensiling time, and increase the aerobic stability of the silage after access of oxygen. Aim. Development of biotechnology of bacterial preparation for corn ensiling, optimization of cultivation conditions of newly created bacterial composition, and selection of cryoprotectants for its lyophilization. Methods. The combined preparation was created on the basis of heterofermentative strain Lactobacillus buchneri 3806 combining it in two- and three-strain compositions with other representatives of lactic acid bacteria, which are characterized by obligate homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative types of metabolism. Optimization of the environment and technological parameters was carried out using a central-compositional plan, further statistical analysis of the obtained data and determination of optimal values of input parameters according to the created mathematical model of optical density response. The effectiveness of the selected protective media was tested for the survival of bacteria after lyophilization. Results. The most effective bacterial composition was found during experiments: L. buchneri 3806, Enterococcus faecium C-8-12, L. plantarum 3216. The effectiveness of the obtained composition was tested by laboratory silage of corn. Tests of the drug based on the selected bacterial composition showed an improvement in the chemical composition of the silage compared to the untreated control and treated only with monoculture L. buchneri 3806, namely: there was a decrease in dry matter loss by 2.21% and 2.04%, 22 due to the increase of lactic acid content, and increase of aerobic stability of silage – 341 h against 57 h of the control sample, and 313 h in case of using monoculture. For the obtained bacterial composition, the culture medium of the following composition was optimized: base (hydrolyzed milk with the addition of the following components: monosubstituted potassium phosphate – 2 g/L; 5-aqueous manganese sulfate – 0.05 g/L; 7-aqueous magnesium sulfate – 0.2 g/L; twin-80 – 1.0 g/L); glucose – 19.7 g/L; yeast extract – 7.8 g/L; corn extract – 23.6 g/L; peptone – 9.1 g/L; sodium citrate – 6.6 g/L; sodium acetate – 3,4 g/L. Cultivation of the bacterial composition on an optimized medium made it possible to obtain the maximum biomass yield, at which the optical density was 2.01 units, which is almost twice as much as the value obtained by culturing the same composition in MRS medium. The optimal technological parameters of culturing the bacterial composition were established, namely the best growth was observed at a temperature of 36.4±0.4°C with constant maintenance of the pH value in the culture medium at the level of 6.5±0.1 units. In addition, the optimal composition of the protective medium containing sodium citrate, sucrose and agar was selected, and ensures the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria 98.4% after lyophilization. Conclusions. The newly formed bacterial composition can be used for the production of preparations for corn silage, and tested on other raw materials, in particular on some perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover), and the conditions of its production can be used to scale the technology.
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Tovkach, F. I., and G. I. Zhuminska. "Destabilization of the Phage-Bacteria System during Bacterial Infections of Tree Plants." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 81, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj81.04.118.

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Gan, Yingying, Chengnan Li, Xinran Peng, Shuang Wu, Yuzhen Li, Jeremy P. K. Tan, Yi Yan Yang, Peiyan Yuan, and Xin Ding. "Fight bacteria with bacteria: Bacterial membrane vesicles as vaccines and delivery nanocarriers against bacterial infections." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 35 (July 2021): 102398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2021.102398.

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Mellaratna, Wizal Putri, and Della Vega Nisha Ayuna. "Bacterial Vaginosis." Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Health and Disaster Medicine (MICOHEDMED) 1 (October 7, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/micohedmed.v1i1.11.

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Abstract Introduction: The vagina is normally inhabited by a number of organism, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, diphteroids, Candida and others. Normal vaginal flora contains aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species being the prominent microorganism with number more than 95% of the total bacteria present. Vaginal discharge can be classified into physiologic and pathologic discharge. Discussion: Bacterial vaginosis is a clinical syndrome caused by the alteration of Lactobacillus Sp that producing hydrogen peroxide with anaerobic bacteria that caused the disruption of the normal flora balance. Risk factors of bacterial vaginosis are sexual activity, vaginal douching, genetic, vaginal manipulation, smoking and using the intrauterine device. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis can be enforced by the gram staining and the calculation of Nugent score (positive diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis if nogent score 7-10). Amsel score can also be conducted if the Nugent score examination cannot be performed. Amsel score criteria consists of white homogen vaginal discharge, fishy odor (positive Whift test), pH > 4.5, and the finding of clue cell. The discovery of 3 citeria of Amsel can confirm the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis including systemic and topical therapy. Systemic antibiotic such as metronidazole and clindamycin is effective against the anaerob bacteria. Conclusion: bacterial vaginosis in an abnormal condition in the vagina caused by the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria replacing the Lactobacillus hominis that caused the change of normal acidic pH vagina into alkaline. Amsel criteria and Nugent score can be requested to confirm the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Proper diagnosis and treatment with metronidazole and clindamycin can improve the disease.
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Sijabat, Octanina Sari, Marheni Marheni, and Darma Bakti. "THE IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL SYMBIONT’S OF THE LARVAE ORYCTES RHINOCEROS L. AND THE ROLE OF THE BACTERIA IN COMPOSTING PROCESS." Journal of Community Research and Service 1, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jcrs.v1i2.9334.

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AbstractOryctes rhinoceros L. has symbioses with micro organisms in their hind guts which further break down plant material consumed by beetle. The aim of this research is to determine the identification of the existence of the bacterial species in the hind gut larvae of the symbiotic bacteria using biochemical test and analysis based on 16S rRNA. The result of this research indicate that there were two different bacterials: Bacillus siamensis and Bacillus stratosphericus found. The bacteria was used for starting the composting and more specifically, the Bacillus siamensis can speed up composting with the end result at C/N 13.16.Keywords: Larvae O. rhinoceros L, Bacterial Symbionts, 16S rDNA, Composting
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Yıldırım, Musa, and Hacer Bilir Özhan. "EFFECT OF BACTERIAL CURING AND BACTERIAL ADDITIVE ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES." Advances in Civil and Architectural Engineering 14, no. 27 (September 21, 2023): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2023.27.3.

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In this study, calcium carbonate was formed on the surfaces and inner structure of concrete using the microbially induced carbonate precipitation method. Bacillus megaterium bacteria were supplemented into the curing water and concrete mixtures. Three types of concrete were tested: control concrete, bacteria-containing concrete, and concrete cured in bacterial liquid. Compressive strength, water absorption, capillary water absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mapping analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of bacterial additive or bacterial curing to concrete specimens. Bacteria spore added to the concrete mixture and curing in bacterial media increased the compressive strengths of concrete by up to 9,52 % at the end of 28 days of curing. Bacterial curing and the addition of bacteria spores caused a reduction in water absorption rates owing to changes in the concrete structures. Calcite only formed on the surfaces of the samples treated with bacterial curing liquid, thereby limiting its effect on capillary water absorption. In contrast, capillary water absorption in the bacterial concrete decreased by 50 % compared to the control concrete. The crystalline structures of calcium carbonate and bacterial concrete were analysed through SEM imaging. Mapping analysis revealed that the primary elements of calcite were considerably more concentrated on the surface of bacterial concrete than in the control concrete.
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Banaszek, Katarzyna, Witold Szymanski, Bożena Pietrzyk, and Leszek Klimek. "Adhesion ofE. coliBacteria Cells to Prosthodontic Alloys Surfaces Modified by TiO2Sol-Gel Coatings." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/179241.

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The evaluation of the degree of bacteriaE. coliadhesion to modified surfaces of the chosen prosthodontic alloys was presented. The study was carried out on Co-Cr (Wironit), Ni-Cr (Fantocer), and Fe-Cr-Ni (Magnum AN) alloys. Bare substrate as a control and titanium dioxide coated samples were used. The samples were placed for 24 hours in bacterial culture medium. After incubation period, a number of bacterial cells were evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The study revealed that modification of the alloy surfaces by titanium dioxide coating significantly decreases the amount of bacteria adhering to the surfaces and that additionally bare metal alloy substrates have a different degree of susceptibility to bacterial adhesion.
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Putri, Rizka Dwi Widya, and Nuniek Herdyastuti. "POTENSI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN YANG DIHASILKAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT PADA DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.)." Unesa Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v10n1.p55-63.

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Abstrak. Bakteri endofit memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang diduga sebagai akibat transfer genetik dari tanaman inangnya ke dalam bakteri endofit. Beberapa senyawa metabolit yang dihasilkan bakteri endofit berfungsi sebagai agen biokontrol tanaman, antibakteri, antijamur, antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Telah dilakukan isolasi bakteri endofit dari daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) yang diduga dapat menghasilkan antioksidan. Isolasi bakteri menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan (surface sterilization) dengan perendaman menggunakan NaOCl dan alkohol. Isolat bakteri endofit diperoleh sebanyak dua, yaitu isolat bakteri endofit A dan B yang memiliki morfologi koloni yang berbeda, yaitu morfologi koloni isolat bakteri endofit A berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian utuh, permukaan rata, dan berwarna putih hampir bening, sedangkan isolat bakteri endofit B berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian keriting, permukaan rata, dan berwarna keputih-putihan. Hasil uji metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit A dan B memiliki kandungan flavanoid dan fenolik. Uji antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada λ516 nm menggunakan asam askorbat sebagai kontrol positif. Berdasarkan hasil uji diperoleh nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit A pada fraksi metanol yaitu 201,8010 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 232,9740 ppm. Nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol yaitu 146,9645 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 189,8048 ppm. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dimiliki oleh isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol dan diklasifikasikan sebagai antioksidan sedang. Kata Kunci: Bakteri endofit, antioksidan, daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) Abstract. Endophytic bacteria have the ability to produce secondary metabolites which are thought to be a result of genetic transfer from host plant into endophytic bacteria. Several secondary metabolites that can be produced by endophytic bacteria used to biocontrol agent, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. This research has been done about isolation of Endophytic Bacteria on Guajava Leaf (Psidium guajava L) which are thought to produce antioxidant. Bacterila isolation using the surface sterilization method by siaking using NaOCl and alcohol. Two bacterila were obtained, namely endophytic bacterial isolates A and endophytic bacterial isolates B which had different colony morphology, morphology of bacterial isolate A is irregular shaped, entire edge, flat surface, and almost transculent white, whereas bacterial endophytic bacterial isolates B is irregular shaped, undunate edge, flat surface, and whitish. Secondary metabolites test results showed that endophytic bacterial isolates A and B contained flavonoids and phenolics. Antioxidant test using using DPPH radical scavenging method (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis at λ 516 nm used ascorbat acid as positive control. Based on the test results obtained (IC50) value of endophytic bacterial isolates A in the methanol fraction is 201,8010 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 232,9740 ppm. The value (IC50) of endophytic bacteria isolates B in the methanol fraction was 146,9645 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 189,8048 ppm. The highest antioxidant activity is possessed by endophytic bacterial isolates B in the methanol fraction and is classified as a moderate antioxidant. Key words: Endophytic bacteria, antioxidants, leaves of guajava (Psidium guajava L.)
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Venkatesan, Nandakumar, Govindaraj Perumal, and Mukesh Doble. "Bacterial resistance in biofilm-associated bacteria." Future Microbiology 10, no. 11 (November 2015): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.15.69.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacterial"

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de, Klerk Nele. "Host-bacteria interactions : Host cell responses and bacterial pathogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för molekylär biovetenskap, Wenner-Grens institut, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-126425.

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Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach, where it causes gastritis that may develop into peptic ulcer disease or cancer when left untreated. Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonizes the urogenital tract and causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. In contrast, Lactobacillus species are part of the human microbiota, which is the resident microbial community, and are considered to be beneficial for health. The first host cell types that bacteria encounter when they enter the body are epithelial cells, which form the border between the inside and the outside, and macrophages, which are immune cells that engulf unwanted material.       The focus of this thesis has been the interaction between the host and bacteria, aiming to increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the host responses and their effects on bacterial pathogenicity. Understanding the interactions between bacteria and the host will hopefully enable the development of new strategies for the treatment of infectious disease. In paper I, we investigated the effect of N. gonorrhoeae on the growth factor amphiregulin in cervical epithelial cells and found that the processing and release of amphiregulin changes upon infection. In paper II, we examined the expression of the transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR1) in epithelial cells during bacterial colonization. We demonstrated that EGR1 is rapidly upregulated by many different bacteria. This upregulation is independent of the pathogenicity, Gram-staining type and level of adherence of the bacteria, but generally requires viable bacteria and contact with the host cell. The induction of EGR1 is mediated primarily by signaling through EGFR, ERK1/2 and β1-integrins. In paper III, we described the interactions of the uncharacterized protein JHP0290, which is secreted by H. pylori, with host cells. JHP0290 is able to bind to several cell types and induces apoptosis and TNF release in macrophages. For both of these responses, signaling through Src family kinases and ERK is essential. Apoptosis is partially mediated by TNF release. Finally, in paper IV, we showed that certain Lactobacillus strains can reduce the colonization of H. pylori on gastric epithelial cells. Lactobacilli decrease the gene expression of SabA and thereby inhibit the binding mediated by this adhesin.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

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Silva, Roberta Mafra Freitas da. "Reguladores do metabolismo bacteriano em reservatórios tropicais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9041.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Reservoirs located in tropical regions are main carbon (C) sources to the atmosphere, and bacterial metabolism is a key process that regulates those emissions. However, studies on the environmental drivers of bacterial metabolism in tropical reservoirs are scarce. By measuring metabolic rates and the limnological parameters in four cascading reservoirs that form a trophic state gradient, we determined the environmental drivers of bacterial metabolism in a tropical region, and compared them with those found in the literature (mainly from temperate regions). Our multiple regression models selected variables related to the trophic state as the main drivers of bacterial production (BP) and bacterial growth efficiency (BGE). On the other hand, bacterial respiration (BR), and consequently bacterial carbon demand (BCD), were weakly and negatively correlated to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), contrasting with the literature data. BR was always high, especially in less productive reservoirs where planktonic communities were limited by phosphorus. Nutrient limitation, high temperatures and high incident light intensity increased the environmental hostility, and cells must invest more energy in maintenance mechanisms, which directs the metabolism towards BR. This was observed in the reservoirs studied, especially in the more oligotrophic environments (Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos) where BR was higher and ECB lower. Our results indicate that the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial metabolism may vary according to latitude.
Reservatórios de regiões tropicais são fontes de carbono (C) para a atmosfera e o metabolismo bacteriano é um processo fundamental na regulação dessas emissões. No entanto, estudos que elucidem os fatores ambientais que determinam o metabolismo bacteriano em reservatórios tropicais são ainda escassos. Neste estudo foram medidas taxas metabólicas e parâmetros limnológicos em quatro reservatórios em cascata que formam um gradiente de estado trófico, com o intuito de determinar os reguladores do metabolismo bacteriano em uma região tropical e compará-los com dados obtidos a partir da literatura disponível (principalmente de regiões temperadas). Nossos modelos de regressão múltipla selecionaram variáveis relacionadas ao estado trófico como os principais reguladores da produção bacteriana (PB) e da eficiência de crescimento bacteriano (ECB). Foi encontrada uma relação fraca e negativa entre a respiração bacteriana (RB) e o carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD), diferente dos dados da literatura. As taxas de RB foram sempre elevadas, especialmente em reservatórios menos produtivos, nos quais as comunidades planctônicas estavam limitadas por fósforo. A escassez de nutrientes, as elevadas temperaturas e a alta intensidade de luz incidente aumentam o grau de hostilidade, e as células devem investir mais energia em mecanismos de reparação, o que direciona o metabolismo para a RB. Isso foi observado nos reservatórios estudados, especialmente, nos ambientes mais oligotróficos (Nova Avanhandava e Três Irmãos) nos quais a RB foi mais elevada e a ECB mais baixa. Nossos resultados indicam que os mecanismos reguladores do metabolismo bacteriano podem variar de acordo com a latitude.
FAPESP: 14/14139-3
FAPESP: 11/50054-4
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Lawlor, Kirsten. "Distribution of bacteria and bacterial plasmids in lake water sediments." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240596.

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Vetter, Yves-Alain. "Bacterial foraging with cell-free enzymes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11033.

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Nilsson, Annika. "Bacterial adaptation to novel selection pressures /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-192-X/.

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Kim, Min Jun. "Bacterial flows : mixing and pumping in microfluidic systems using flagellated bacteria /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174627.

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Wood, Ryan. "Bacteria in Blood: Optimized Recovery of Bacterial DNA for Rapid Identification." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8147.

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Blood stream infections are challenging infections to rapidly diagnose. The current clinical diagnostic methods for blood stream infections require culturing the blood sample prior to identifying the bacteria and any resistance the bacteria may contain. Removing the culturing step from the bacterial identification process of a blood stream infection provides a significant reduction in the processing time. However, eliminating the culturing step shifts the difficulty from processing time to concentration, since clinical concentration levels can be as low as 10 CFU/mL in blood. This dissertation developed and evaluated many aspects of the process required to identify bacteria from a blood stream infection without culturing the bacteria. Two new methods of separating the bacteria from the blood cells were developed: inducing clotting using a centrifugal-sedimentation on a hollow disk, and filtering whole blood. Inducing clotting achieved 69\% bacterial recovery from 7 mLs of whole blood in 117 s. Filtering whole blood achieved 100\% bacterial removal from 5 mLs of whole blood in $\approx 90$ s, but the bacteria were difficult to remove from the filter. Bacterial removal from the filter after blood filtration was also investigated. At a very low bacterial concentration of 200 CFU/mL, a blood lysis solution of 3\% Tween 80 followed by a 3\% Pluronic F108 backflush solution achieved 60\% removal of the bacteria from the filter. In addition to developing two new methods, a previously developed technique using centrifugal-sedimentation on a hollow disk underwent a stability analysis in order to decrease the occurrence of mixing. This analysis yielded the development of the analytical solution to the Navier-Stokes equations for a two-fluid flow with a moving wall boundary and a free surface. The analysis also experimentally identified a stability boundary that was found to be in good agreement with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability model. After exploring the methods to recover bacteria from blood, experiments were performed to identify a bacterial lysing solution that could lyse \textit{E. coli}, \textit{E. cloacae} and \textit{K. pneumoniae} bacteria. The best bacterial lysing solution consisted of incubating the bacteria with 1 mg/mL lysozyme for 10 min followed by the addition of 6 M GHCl and 1\% SDS. This solution obtained a 46\% DNA recovery. The DNA were then fragmented by ultrasound to reduce the segment length for DNA labelling. In addition to lysing and fragmenting the DNA, a microfluidic device was prototyped and tested for incorporating the lysing, capturing, releasing, and fragmenting of the DNA all on a single device. Whole experiments were performed which extracted the bacteria from the blood, removed and collected the DNA from the bacteria, and fragmented the DNA. The best overall recovery from an experiment performing the whole process was 26.8\%. The 26.8\% recovery was achieved with a 68\% recovery of the bacteria from spinning and a 54.1\% removal of bacteria from off of the filter and a 72.9\% recovery of the DNA from the bacteria.
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Adebayo, Olajumoke O. "Evaluation of bacterial polymers as protective agents for sensitive probiotic bacteria." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621096.

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Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer one or more health benefits on the host. Different processing conditions, the acidic condition of the stomach and exposure to hydrolytic enzymes affect the viability and efficacy of probiotic organisms. This study investigated the protective effects of two biopolymers poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and bacterial cellulose (BC) on probiotics during freeze drying and during exposure to simulated intestinal juices and bile salts. The antibacterial property of Bifidobacterium strains was also investigated against four pathogenic bacteria. γ-PGA, a naturally occurring biopolymer was produced by two bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 15245 and B. licheniformis ATCC 9945a) in GS and E media, γ-PGA yields of about 14.11g/l were achieved in shake flasks and molecular weight of up to 1620 k Da was recorded, γ-PGA production was scaled up in a fermenter with B. subtilis using GS medium. BC, an edible biopolymer was produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 23770 in HS medium and a modified HS (MHS) medium. A yield of about 1.37g/l was recorded and BC production with MHS medium was used for probiotic application. B. longum NCIMB 8809 B. breve NCIMB 8807 and B. animalis NCIMB 702716 showed the best antimicrobial properties against the investigated pathogens. Survival of Bifidobacterium strains was improved when protected with powdered BC (PBC) although γ-PGA offered better protection than PBC. Viability of B. longum NCIMB 8809, B. breve NCIMB 8807 and B. animalis NCIMB 702716 in simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and simulated intestinal juice with bile salts was improved when protected with 5% γ-PGA and 5% γ-PGA+PBC with a reduction of < 1 Log CFU/ml while a reduction of ≤2 Log CFU/ml was recorded in PBC protected cells. Protecting Bifidobacterium strains with γ-PGA, PBC or a novel γ-PGA + PBC combination is a promising method to deliver probiotic bacteria to the target site in order to confer their health benefits on the host.
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Bergström, Niklas. "Structural studies of bacterial carbohydrate antigens with focus on oral commensal bacteria /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutets bibl, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-236-1.

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Ghalsasi, Vihang Vivek [Verfasser], and Victor [Akademischer Betreuer] Sourjik. "Engineering bacteria to disperse bacterial biofilms / Vihang Vivek Ghalsasi ; Betreuer: Victor Sourjik." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180608275/34.

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Books on the topic "Bacterial"

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Koch, Arthur L. Bacterial growth and form. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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Ernst, Joel D., and Olle Stendahl, eds. Phagocytosis of Bacteria and Bacterial Pathogenicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541513.

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D, Ernst Joel, and Stendahl Olle, eds. Phagocytosis of bacteria and bacterial pathogenicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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A, Pietrowski R., ed. Bacterial toxins. 2nd ed. Wokingham: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986.

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Marshall, William. Of microbes and men: The emotions, drama, and mystery of a struggle to correct a 125-year-old mistake and improve our defenses against epidemics and bioterrorism : a public affairs book. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.

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Marshall, William. Of microbes and men: The emotions, drama, and mystery of a struggle to correct a 125-year-old mistake and improve our defenses against epidemics and bioterrorism : a public affairs book. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.

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Marshall, William. Of microbes and men: The emotions, drama, and mystery of a struggle to correct a 125-year-old mistake and improve our defenses against epidemics and bioterrorism : a public affairs book. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.

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E, Alouf J., and Freer J. H, eds. Sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins. London: Academic Press, 1991.

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Karl, Drlica, and Riley Monica, eds. The Bacterial chromosome. Washington, D.C: American Society for Microbiology, 1990.

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J, Dring G., Gould G. W, Ellar D. J, Federation of European Microbiological Societies., Society for Applied Bacteriology, and International Symposium on "Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Bacterial Spores" (1982 : University of Cambridge), eds. Fundamental and applied aspects of bacterial spores. London: Academic Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bacterial"

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Paterson, Jamie, Martín López-García, Joseph Gillard, Thomas R. Laws, Grant Lythe, and Carmen Molina-París. "Analysis of Single Bacterium Dynamics in a Stochastic Model of Toxin-Producing Bacteria." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 210–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91825-5_13.

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AbstractWe stochastically model two bacterial populations which can produce toxins. We propose to analyse this biological system by following the dynamics of a single bacterium during its lifetime, as well as its progeny. We study the lifespan of a single bacterium, the number of divisions that this bacterium undergoes, and the number of toxin molecules that it produces during its lifetime. We also compute the mean number of bacteria in the genealogy of the original bacterium and the number of toxin molecules produced by its genealogy. We illustrate the applicability of our methods by considering the bacteria Bacillus anthracis and antibiotic treatment, making use of in vitro experimental data. We quantify, for the first time, bacterial toxin production by exploiting an in vitro assay for the A16R strain, and make use of the resulting parameterised model to illustrate our techniques.
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Malinowska, Agnes. "Bacteria." In Microbium, 31–45. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0396.1.04.

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Bacteria have played a truly outsized role in the evolutionary story of life on earth, and they continue to be crucial to sustaining organisms and ecosystems. Until recently, however, most cultural and scientific interest in bacteria has centered on defeating the nefarious “germ.” This entry focuses in particular on how public health efforts to reign in the threat of bacterial disease in the US around 1900 aligned with the aspirations of a hegemonic Anglo-American culture to control and suppress marginalized groups like immigrants and racial others, easy scapegoats for disease. At the same time, British settler colonialism and, eventually, US government policy catalyzed devastating epidemics amongst Indigenous populations from the colonial period into the twentieth century, such as the tuberculosis crisis in Native health. While bacterial disease has been largely divisive in the US, bacteria themselves can encourage humans to think in terms of cooperation and alliance, rather than the strict enforcement of borders. Both symbiosis—bacteria’s preferred social relation—and binary fission—bacterial reproduction—suggest a radical form of sociality that permeates, ruptures, and transforms “individuals” constantly, so that the one always slips into the collective.
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Cerone, Antonio, and Enrico Marsili. "A Formal Model for the Simulation and Analysis of Early Biofilm Formation." In From Data to Models and Back, 134–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70650-0_9.

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AbstractBiofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells adherent to a surface. This bacterial state is called sessile.This paper focuses on the modelling of the transition between planktonic and sessile state using Real-time Maude as the modelling language. With more and more bacteria joining the sessile community, the likelihood of producing a biofilm increases. Once the percentage of bacterial cells that adheres to the surface reaches a threshold, which is specific for the considered bacterium species, a permanent biofilm is formed. An important challenge is to predict the time needed for the formation of a biofilm on a specific surface, in order to plan when the material infrastructure that comprises such a surface needs to be cleaned or replaced. We exploit the model-checking features of Real-time Maude to formally prove that a regular cleaning or replacement of the infrastructure prevents the biofilm formation.
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Lawley, Trevor, Brian M. Wilkins, and Laura S. Frost. "Bacterial Conjugation in Gram-Negative Bacteria." In Plasmid Biology, 203–26. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817732.ch9.

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Gottschalk, Gerhard. "Bacterial Fermentations." In Bacterial Metabolism, 208–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1072-6_8.

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Fatima, Atiya, Sumayia Yasir, Noor Qahoor, Tahseen Kamal, Mohd Shariq Khan, Shaukat Khan, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Mazhar Ul-Islam, and Md Wasi Ahmad. "Bacterial Cellulose." In Bacterial Cellulose, 1–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003118756-1.

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Konwar, Bolin Kumar. "Bacterial Polymers." In Bacterial Biopolymers, 11–14. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003331636-3.

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Cohan, Frederick M. "Genomes reveal the cohesiveness of bacterial species taxa and provide a path towards describing all of bacterial diversity." In Trends in the systematics of bacteria and fungi, 282–300. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244984.0282.

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Abstract This book chapter argues that bacterial systematists of the mid-20th century fortuitously created a species-level systematics that actually fits an important universal theory of speciation by discussing taxonomy would allow us to infer the important characteristics of any unknown organism once we classify it to species. It turns out, unexpectedly, that bacterial species taxa share a species-like property with the species taxa of zoology and botany. While recombination within species taxa of all these groups fails to prevent diversification within species, recombination nevertheless appears to act universally as a force of cohesion within species taxa. That is, recurrent recombination within species limits neutral sequence divergence within species taxa of plants, animals, and bacteria; recombination also allows a sharing of generally adaptive genes across a species range. The 95% ANI criterion that demarcates the traditionally defined species taxa of bacteria fortuitously also yields groups of bacteria that are subject to the species-like property of cohesion, where recombination prevents neutral sequence divergence among ecotypes within a species. Use of the ANI criterion, then, not only provides an easily used algorithm for demarcating bacterial species; it also places bacterial demarcation on the same theory-based foundation as the species taxonomy of animals and plants.
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Apicella, Michael A. "Isolation and Characterization of Lipopolysaccharides." In Bacterial Pathogenesis, 3–13. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-032-8_1.

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Comer, Jason E., Ellen A. Lorange, and B. Joseph Hinnebusch. "Examining the Vector–Host–Pathogen Interface With Quantitative Molecular Tools." In Bacterial Pathogenesis, 123–31. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-032-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bacterial"

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Ibrahim, Mohd Danial, Alyssa Asong Ananthan, Dayang Salyani Abang Mahmod, Awang Ahmad Sallehin Awang Husaini, Ngieng Ngui Sing, Shunsuke Nakano, Yuta Sunami, and Pierre Barroy. "Antibacterial Properties of Snakeskin Inspired PDMS Surfaces Layered With Poly-DL-lactic Acid Nanosheet." In ASME 2023 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2023-111176.

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Abstract The increment of sterilization resistant bacteria minimizes the effectiveness of disinfectants which leads researchers into studying other means in minimizing bacterial contamination on surfaces. Hence, this study plans to investigate surfaces with the ability to discourage bacterial adhesion and reduces the need for frequent sterilization. This study tested the feasibility of applying snakeskin inspired microstructures onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface to reduce bacterial adhesion and increase its antibacterial properties. In theory, the microstructure of snakeskin is smaller or about the same size as a bacterium making it unfeasible for bacterial adhesion. The embeddedelastomeric stamping method was used for the biomimicry of snakeskin onto PDMS surfaces. The replicated snakeskin and controlled (no microstructure) PDMS samples were layered with Poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA) nanosheet of different thickness. Then, the morphology of the surfaces was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The surface of the samples was tested with Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus with compliance of the ISO 22196 standard to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. Our results revealed, surfaces with snakeskin microstructures displayed a 16% reduction in bacterial adhesion compared to flat PDMS. Whereas the presence of nanosheet does not significantly affect the adhesion of bacteria on the replicated snakeskin. These findings suggest that surfaces with the presence of snakeskin microstructures possess antibacterial property.
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Cho, Myoung-Ock, Sunghee Yoon, and Jung Kyung Kim. "Inkjet Printing of High-Density Bacterial Arrays for Biosensor Applications." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13057.

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Inkjet printing technique has been developed and applied in many areas. This rapid and simple technique can dispense small amount of selected material at intended location accurately. Due to these advantages, it has been applied to the field of biology such as tissue engineering and microbiology lately. We developed patterning methods based on inkjet printing technique employing bacteria, and generated two-dimensional bacterial cell array on the agar media using a commercially available thermal inkjet printer reformed partially. In this study, we aimed to apply the inkjet-printed bacterial cell array to biosensor. We measured the maximum resolution, accuracy and reproducibility of the bacterial array printed at 600 dpi. In addition, we were able to print three kinds of bacterial strains simultaneously using color cartridges which also enabling synchronous printing of both bacterial solution and known chemical. We applied this technique for studying the growth response of individual bacteria to different levels of stiffness, and the chemotactic response of bacterial colonies.
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Wan, Jiandi, Pavel Landsman, Bing Xia, Paul E. Bower, Volkmar Heinrich, Guilford Jones, and Valentine I. Vullev. "Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Devices for Detection of Bacterial Endospores." In ASME 2006 Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nanobio2006-18030.

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Using non-lithographic fabrication methods developed in our laboratory, we prepared continuous-flow microfluidic analyzers. We tested these devices in experiments involving detection of bacterial endospores. The detection was based on the enhancement of the fluorescence of a cationic dye, 3,3′-diethylthiacyanine iodide (THIA), in the presence of spores. We were able to detect as few as ~105 spores when injected in a device. The measurements with the micro-fluidic devices manifested significantly higher sensitivity for bacterial spores than for vegetative bacteria. Such distinction between spores and vegetative bacteria could not be achieved with THIA using steady-state emission measurements.
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Senne, Carlos, Carlos Giafferi, Márcio Vega, Daiane Salomão, and Renan Domingues. "Use of FilmArray® in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.727.

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Introduction: The Meningitis/Encephalitis FilmArray is an automated multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identifying 14 central nervous system (CNS) care agents, including viruses, Cryptococcus, and bacteria. The following bacteria are tested: E. coli K1, H. influenzae, L. monocytogenes, N. meningitidis, S. agalactiae and pneumoniae. In this study we compared the performance of FilmArray® with conventional microbiological methods for bacterial meningitis. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data from 903 patients with CNS infection manifested by the method. Results: 42 cases were positive for bacteria, E. coli K1=2, H. influenzae=7, L. monocytogenes=5, N. meningitidis=9, S. pneumoniae=20. Of these, only 14 (33.34%) were positive with conventional microbiological methods, including culture and/or bacterioscopy. Three patients were negative on FilmArray® and positive with other methods: 2 culture positive (S. intermedius and Micrococcus) and one Gram negative. All 28 cases positive only with FilmArray® adopted a cerebrospinal fluid infection pattern suggestive of bacterial meningitis: pleocytosis with neutrophilic predominance, increased protein and lactate, and hypoglycorrhachia. Conclusion: The study confirms previous data indicating that FilmArray® increases the sensitivity of etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
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Lithgow, K., V. Buchholz, S. Konschuh, and L. Sycuro. "O02.5 Secreted Proteolytic Activity of Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacteria." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.60.

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Litvinenko, V. V., E. V. Vasilieva, M. A. Abdulkadieva, E. V. Sysolyatina, and S. A. Ermolaeva. "THE USE OF BACTERIAL MOTILITY CHARACTERISTICS FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-193.

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Motile bacteria are capable of converting chemical energy into directed movement. The characteristics of motility (trajectories, average speeds, average time spent in a layer, etc.) depend on the morphology of the bacterial cell (number and arrangement of flagella), the presence of chemical stimuli in the environment, distance from the surface, and bacterial concentration. Changes in motility parameters can be used as a prognostic indicator of bacterial cell metabolism disorders.
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Steager, Edward, Jigarkumar Patel, Chang-Beom Kim, Socheth Bith, Chandan Naik, Lindsay Reber, and Min Jun Kim. "Self-Powered Bacterial Transportation Systems in Low Reynolds Number Fluidic Environments." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41198.

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We have studied self-coordinated bacterial transportation systems using SU-8 microbarges in low Reynolds number fluidic environments. Flagellated Serratia marcescens bacteria were attached to microbarges using a blotting technique that creates a bacterial monolayer carpet. These bacterial carpets naturally self-coordinate to propel the microbarges in a manner that have been controlled by phototactic means. We additionally demonstrate phototactic control of these barges. Tracking algorithms were designed to study the motion of the microbarges.
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Steager, Edward, M. Selman Sakar, U. Kei Cheang, David Casale, Vijay Kumar, George J. Pappas, and Min Jun Kim. "Galvanotactic Control of Self-Powered Microstructures." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66647.

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We are examining microactuation techniques by employing the electrokinetic and galvanotactic behavior of certain bacteria. We cultured selected strains of swarming Serratia marcescens which were attached to microstructures using a blotting technique that creates a bacterial monolayer carpet. These bacterial carpets naturally self-coordinate to propel the microstructures. The microstructures were placed in an open channel and a voltage was applied and polarity was switched. We have demonstrated directional control of the motion of the microstructures patterned with bacteria. This mobility is due to the patterning of bacteria on the microstructure surface and arises from a combination of electrokinetic effects and galvanotaxis.
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Park, Eun-Jung, Myoung-Ock Cho, and Jung Kyung Kim. "Growth Responses of Swarming and Gliding Bacteria on Substrates With Different Levels of Stiffness." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13154.

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We conducted experiments to decipher the interplays among bacterial motility, surface stiffness of culture medium, and growth of colony when bacteria grow on semi-solid substrate. We observed the growth kinetics of two kinds of bacteria, swarming Escherichia coli (E.coli) and gliding Myxococcus Xanthus (M.xanthus), grown on semi-solid agar substrates with different stiffness. The colony of M.xanthus moved by traction force on the surface shows a tendency to grow larger on soft substrate. The colony of E.coli using flagella shows a similar tendency in the early phase but later grows smaller on substrate with lower stiffness. We found that the growth of bacterial colony is affected by the mechanical properties of the substrate and the type of bacterial motility as well.
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Breica Borozan, Aurica, Despina-Maria Bordean, Gabriel Bujanca, Delia Dumbrava, and Sorina Popescu. "CONTROL OF PLANTS OF LOTUS CORNICULATUS L. ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC FREE NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/07.

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The free nitrogen fixing bacteria are able to mobilize important soil nutrients, transforming through biological processes the unusable molecular nitrogen into an active form and to improve soil fertility, influence many aspects of plant health and ensure their growth, showing interest for the scientific world and farmers. But, on the other hand, this bacterial segment may be influenced by the edaphic factors and the interconnection with the plants, the growth phase, the physiological state and the root system of the plant, by the root exudates, which demonstrates the importance of the bacterial community monitoring from the area of plants influence throughout the growing periods The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the age of the plants used as biofertilizer and soil moisture on the free nitrogen fixing bacterial communities (the genera Azotobacter and Clostridium) associated with the roots of the perennial plants of Lotus corniculatus L. There were two zones of interest, namely the area of influence of the roots of the plants (rhizosphere) but also the more distant area (edaphosphere). For the study of aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria soil samples were taken together with adjacent plants of Lotus corniculatus L. The experimental variants were located in the western part of Romania, the plants being cultivated on the same soil type, but on different plots, that were in the I-IV years of culture. The influence of Lotus corniculatus L. plants on the free nitrogen fixing bacteria has been reported in control experimental variants. Isolation and study of this bacterial group from the 8 experimental variants was performed on a specific mineral medium, favorable for the growth of the two bacterial genera. The results were evaluated after 5 and 10 days of incubation. Between the two assesments there were no noticeable differences in the nitrogen fixing bacterial community, except for the stimulatory effect observed in the control vatiant and rhizosphere of the first year culture. The plants influence on aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria was obvious in the II and IV years of the Lotus corniculatus L. culture, compared to the 76 control variants and varies substantially depending on the age of the plant. In most analyzed soil samples, both bacterial genera, Azotobacter and Clostridium were present, confirming the known ecological relation of unilateral advantage or passive stimulation of the aerobic bacteria compared to the anaerobic clostridia. Exceptions were the samples from the cultures of the first year (rhizosphere and control), but also the rhizosphere from the culture of the year II, where only anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria were detected. Our results suggested that plant-soil interactions exert control over the bacteria being studied.
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Reports on the topic "Bacterial"

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Kubicek-Sutherland, Jessica Zofie. Universal Bacterial Biosensor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1369153.

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Robertson, Alison, Kirk Broders, Tamra Jackson-Ziems, Doug Jardine, Kevin Korus, Jan Leach, Jillian Lang, and Ron French. Bacterial Leaf Streak. United States: Crop Protection Netework, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20190620-000.

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Mukundan, Harshini. UNIVERSAL BACTERIAL SENSOR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1595637.

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Jelinek, Raz, Paul Dawson, Timothy Hanks, William Pennington, and Julie Northcutt. Bacterial sensors for food processing environments. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598157.bard.

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The overall objective of this project was to develop a new bacterial contaminant sensor based upon polydiacetylene(PDA) which is a unique polymer that changes color and configuration in response to external molecular stimuli. While this polymer has been well studied and has been shown to respond to bacterial stimuli in the laboratory, application to food processing environments has not been demonstrated. One hurdle in the application of biosensors in a food processing environment is interference of food sanitizers with the detection of bacteria. Common food sanitizers were evaluated for their response to PDA and different concentrations paving the way for use of modified PDAs developed by the research team to be used in food plants. Further development of PDA bacterial sensors focused on simplifying its application by immobilizing PDA on cotton and paper for use on swabs, wipes and dip papers. Increasing the sensitivity of PDAs was investigated by attaching fluorophores. Future and continued work will include the decoration of PDAs with apatmers to improve the specificity of the biosensor to food pathogens.
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Fogler, H. S. Polysaccharides and bacterial plugging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5118084.

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Wildung, Raymond E. Field Research in Bacterial Transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896095.

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Silverman, Michael R. Sensory Mechanisms Controlling Bacterial Bioluminescence. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363867.

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Webster, Dale A. Bacterial Strain Improvement for Bioremediation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada343644.

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Research, Gratis. The Mystery behind Bacterial Retrons. Gratis Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.05.

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Retron-mediated cell killing serves as a defensive strategy to prevent the spreading of phage infection in bacteria and the combined action of retron and CRISPR-based gene editing appear to be a potent gene-editing tool.
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Cavanagh, John. Elucidating Mechanisms of Bacterial Response. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393016.

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