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Ali, Zainab Haider, Wurood Hamzah Muttaleb, and Lubna Abdulazeem. "Anti-Bacterial Action of Silver Nanoparticles Against MDR Bacteria Isolated from Hospital." International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health 10, no. 10 (October 20, 2024): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-10-11.
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Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are considered to be a major source of infections in patients, especially in patients with permanently impaired immunity. There is alarming increase of multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and Antibacterial medication resistance has been deemed a serious hazard to public health by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The study aimed to isolate and identify main bacteria caused nosocomial infection, and trying to treatments by using nanoparticles. By measuring the antibacterial activity of the synthesised AgNPs using the agar disc diffusion technique, AgNPs demonstrated antibacterial properties against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus MDR.
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Yaghoubi, Atieh, Majid Khazaei, Seyed Mahdi Hasanian, Amir Avan, William C. Cho, and Saman Soleimanpour. "Bacteriotherapy in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235880.
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Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women around the world. Conventional treatments in the fight against breast cancer, such as chemotherapy, are being challenged regarding their effectiveness. Thus, strategies for the treatment of breast cancer need to be continuously refined to achieve a better patient outcome. We know that a number of bacteria are pathogenic and some are even associated with tumor development, however, recent studies have demonstrated interesting results suggesting some bacteria may have potential for cancer therapy. Therefore, the therapeutic role of bacteria has aroused attention in medical and pharmaceutical studies. Furthermore, genetic engineering has been used in bacterial therapy and may led to greater efficacy with few side effects. Some genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are more successful due to their selectivity for cancer cells but with low toxicity for normal cells. Some live, attenuated, or genetically modified bacterias are capable to multiply in tumors and inhibit their growth. This article aims to review the role of bacteria and their products including bacterial peptides, bacteriocins, and toxins for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Susanti, S., B. E. Setiani, H. Rizqiati, D. R. Febriandi, V. P. Bintoro, and B. E. Setiani. "Inhibitory Activity of Cashew Apple (Anacardium Occidentale) Extract Marinade on The Meat Total Bacteria." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.1.11.
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Microbial activities cause physical and functional alteration, which can decrease the quality and shelf life of meat. Inhibiting the bacterial growth becomes a crucial effort to prevent spoilage of meat. Previous studies reported that human pathogen bacterias could be inhibited by using cashew apple juice. It was interested to explore the utilization of cashew apple as marinade solution to suppress the meat bacteria. Current study was aimed to get more insight the effectiveness of cashew apple extract marinade (CAM) as growth inhibitor for spoilage bacteria on beefs and chickens. Results indicated that inhibition zone of 20% CAM were significant higher than 0% CAM on the medium of E. coli, and S. aureus. The pretty high polyphenols content in CAM was considered as an active compound responsible for antibacterial activity. Furthermore, total bacterial count assay showed that 10 to 30% CAM significantly reduced the beef total bacteria in comparison to 0% while 15 % CAM significantly decreased the chicken total bacteria. It was suggested the range of effective level of CAM to reduce the meats bacteria is 10 to 30%. Thus, cashew apple can be a promising natural food preservative in the future, especially for extending the shelf life of meat.
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Tovkach, F. I., and G. I. Zhuminska. "Destabilization of the Phage-Bacteria System during Bacterial Infections of Tree Plants." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 81, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj81.04.118.
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Gan, Yingying, Chengnan Li, Xinran Peng, Shuang Wu, Yuzhen Li, Jeremy P. K. Tan, Yi Yan Yang, Peiyan Yuan, and Xin Ding. "Fight bacteria with bacteria: Bacterial membrane vesicles as vaccines and delivery nanocarriers against bacterial infections." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 35 (July 2021): 102398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2021.102398.
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Gasol, Josep M., Ulla Li Zweifel, Francesc Peters, Jed A. Fuhrman, and Åke Hagström. "Significance of Size and Nucleic Acid Content Heterogeneity as Measured by Flow Cytometry in Natural Planktonic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4475-4483.1999.
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ABSTRACT Total bacterial abundances estimated with different epifluorescence microscopy methods (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI], SYBR Green, and Live/Dead) and with flow cytometry (Syto13) showed good correspondence throughout two microcosm experiments with coastal Mediterranean water. In the Syto13-stained samples we could differentiate bacteria with apparent high DNA (HDNA) content and bacteria with apparent low DNA (LDNA) content. HDNA bacteria, “live” bacteria (determined as such with the Molecular Probes Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit), and nucleoid-containing bacteria (NuCC) comprised similar fractions of the total bacterial community. Similarly, LDNA bacteria and “dead” bacteria (determined with the kit) comprised a similar fraction of the total bacterial community in one of the experiments. The rates of change of each type of bacteria during the microcosm experiments were also positively correlated between methods. In various experiments where predator pressure on bacteria had been reduced, we detected growth of the HDNA bacteria without concomitant growth of the LDNA bacteria, such that the percentage contribution of HDNA bacteria to total bacterial numbers (%HDNA) increased. This indicates that the HDNA bacteria are the dynamic members of the bacterial assemblage. Given how quickly and easily the numbers of HDNA and LDNA bacteria can be obtained, and given the similarity to the numbers of “live” cells and NuCC, the %HDNA is suggested as a reference value for the percentage of actively growing bacteria in marine planktonic environments.
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Souza, V., and L. E. Eguiarte. "Bacteria gone native vs. bacteria gone awry?: Plasmidic transfer and bacterial evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, no. 11 (May 27, 1997): 5501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.11.5501.
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Mert, Duygu, Sabahat Ceken, Gulsen Iskender, Dicle Iskender, Alparslan Merdin, Fazilet Duygu, Mustafa Ertek, and Fevzi Altuntas. "Epidemiology and mortality in bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 08 (August 31, 2019): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11457.
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Introduction: Patients with hematological malignancies, who are in the high risk group for infectious complications and bacterial bloodstream infections. The aim of the study evaluated epidemiology and mortality in bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. In addition to determine the risk factors, changes in the distribution and frequency of isolated bacterias.
Methodology: In this retrospective study. There were investigated data from 266 patients with hematological malignancies and bacterial bloodstream infections who were hospitalized between the dates 01/01/2012 and 12/31/2017.
Results: There were 305 blood and catheter cultures in febrile neutropenia attacks in total. In these total attacks, primary bloodstream infections were 166 and catheter-related bloodstream infections were 139. In blood cultures; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were detected in 58,0% and 22,9% of the samples, respectively. 52,4% of the cultured Gram-negative bacterias were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Carbapenemase positive culture rate was 17,2% in Gram-negative bacteria cultures. Staphylococcus epidermidis was found in 38,4% of the Gram-positive bacteria cultures. In Gram-positive bacteria; methicillin resistance were detected in 82,2% of the samples. There was a statistically significant relationship between bloodstream infection and disease status. 60 patients with primary bloodstream infections were newly diagnosed.
Conclusions: In patients with hematological malignancies, certain factors in the bloodstream infections increase the mortality rate. With the correction of these factors, the mortality rate in these patients can be reduced. The classification of such risk factors may be an important strategy to improve clinical decision making in high-risk patients, such as patients with hematological malignancies.
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Venkatesan, Nandakumar, Govindaraj Perumal, and Mukesh Doble. "Bacterial resistance in biofilm-associated bacteria." Future Microbiology 10, no. 11 (November 2015): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.15.69.
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Manhart, Lisa E., Christine M. Khosropour, Congzhu Liu, Catherine W. Gillespie, Kevin Depner, Tina Fiedler, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, and David N. Fredricks. "Bacterial Vaginosis–Associated Bacteria in Men." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 40, no. 12 (December 2013): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000054.
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Sabra, Sherifa. "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm Bacteria Using Highland-wild Salvia officinalis Preserve Bacterial-infection-control." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/021.
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This work for this title "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm (VPB) Bacteria Using Highland-wild (HLW) Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) Preserve Bacterial-infection-control (BIC)"; the aim was to prove the importance of HLW S. officinalis extracts have therapeutic herbal importance. Through its effected on the isolated VPB bacteria caused infection diseases that may preserve BIC for individuals, which proved the effectiveness of the HLW S. officinalis daily use or therapeutic use. S. officinalis specimens were collected during the flowering period from HLW, Taif, KSA. Essential oils (EOs) were equipped and biofilms preparation, then laboratory methods deputy for anti-biofilms formation activity and biofilms elimination activity, finally biofilms metabolic grades measurement. The bacterial metabolic grades of anti-biofilms formation activity showed the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated VPB bacteria and effects were greater. Anywhere Staphylococcous aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) were eliminated until 60 hours. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was eliminated at 72 hours. The bacterial metabolic grades of biofilms elimination activity found the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated within 8 hours (S. aureus and S. pyogenes), PA was to 10 hours. Concluded the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts had proven its ability to eliminate VPB bacteria, and from that, it proven on the type used with healthy characteristics to maintain health and BIC. Recommendation: That topic recommend using the appropriate HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts for individuals daily to maintain the general health. In cases of illness, person must ask the "Specialized Physician" to determine the healthy and curative amount to use.
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Danylenko, S. G., O. V. Naumenko, A. S. Onishchenko, S. M. Teterina, M. O. Khonkiv, and S. O. Skrotskyi. "Biotechnology of Newly Created Bacterial Composition for Siloing Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 6 (December 17, 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.06.020.
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Peculiarities of high-quality silage production are the use of biological products based on lactic acid bacteria. The composition of such starters varies greatly according to the use of bacterial cultures, so among the starters available on the market, the range of their effectiveness is also different. It is very common to use a one-sided approach to the choice of bacterial components, which in combination with imperfect production technology have low preservative activity. The study of combined preparations, which combine homo- and heterofermentative types of lactic acid fermentation, allows to stabilize the preservative properties throughout the ensiling time, and increase the aerobic stability of the silage after access of oxygen. Aim. Development of biotechnology of bacterial preparation for corn ensiling, optimization of cultivation conditions of newly created bacterial composition, and selection of cryoprotectants for its lyophilization. Methods. The combined preparation was created on the basis of heterofermentative strain Lactobacillus buchneri 3806 combining it in two- and three-strain compositions with other representatives of lactic acid bacteria, which are characterized by obligate homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative types of metabolism. Optimization of the environment and technological parameters was carried out using a central-compositional plan, further statistical analysis of the obtained data and determination of optimal values of input parameters according to the created mathematical model of optical density response. The effectiveness of the selected protective media was tested for the survival of bacteria after lyophilization. Results. The most effective bacterial composition was found during experiments: L. buchneri 3806, Enterococcus faecium C-8-12, L. plantarum 3216. The effectiveness of the obtained composition was tested by laboratory silage of corn. Tests of the drug based on the selected bacterial composition showed an improvement in the chemical composition of the silage compared to the untreated control and treated only with monoculture L. buchneri 3806, namely: there was a decrease in dry matter loss by 2.21% and 2.04%, 22 due to the increase of lactic acid content, and increase of aerobic stability of silage – 341 h against 57 h of the control sample, and 313 h in case of using monoculture. For the obtained bacterial composition, the culture medium of the following composition was optimized: base (hydrolyzed milk with the addition of the following components: monosubstituted potassium phosphate – 2 g/L; 5-aqueous manganese sulfate – 0.05 g/L; 7-aqueous magnesium sulfate – 0.2 g/L; twin-80 – 1.0 g/L); glucose – 19.7 g/L; yeast extract – 7.8 g/L; corn extract – 23.6 g/L; peptone – 9.1 g/L; sodium citrate – 6.6 g/L; sodium acetate – 3,4 g/L. Cultivation of the bacterial composition on an optimized medium made it possible to obtain the maximum biomass yield, at which the optical density was 2.01 units, which is almost twice as much as the value obtained by culturing the same composition in MRS medium. The optimal technological parameters of culturing the bacterial composition were established, namely the best growth was observed at a temperature of 36.4±0.4°C with constant maintenance of the pH value in the culture medium at the level of 6.5±0.1 units. In addition, the optimal composition of the protective medium containing sodium citrate, sucrose and agar was selected, and ensures the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria 98.4% after lyophilization. Conclusions. The newly formed bacterial composition can be used for the production of preparations for corn silage, and tested on other raw materials, in particular on some perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover), and the conditions of its production can be used to scale the technology.
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Ayal, Esther Lourence Brendha, Kasprijo Kasprijo, Ren Fitriadi, Dini Ryandini, Mohammad Nurhafid, Reza Muhammad Riady, and Mira Adyla Anandasari. "Screening of Amylolytic Bacteria from Mina Padi Aquaculture in Panembangan Village, Cilongok District, Banyumas, Central Java." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v13i1.39210.
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Amylolytic bacteria play an important role in the ecosystem, especially as probiotic and bioremediation agents in cultivation, as examples can be found in Mina Padi culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the amylolytic bacteria in the waters of the Mina Padi pond. Bacterial isolation began with bacterial sampling, inoculation and isolation of bacteria, calculation of the total abundance of bacteria, observation of bacterial morphology and bacterial purification, and isolation of amylolytic bacteria. The results of the isolation of amylolytic bacteria obtained 3 bacterial isolates capable of producing amylolytic enzymes, namely BA5, BA6, and BA7. The highest index of amylolytic activity was obtained by isolates of BA6 with a medium category of 2.3 cm, and the lowest index was obtained by BA5 with a weak category of 0.3 cm. The average bacterial abundance from each dilution was 2.5 x 103 CFU/mL.
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Istifadaha, Noor, Dewi Nurma Yanti Ningtyasb, Pujawati Suryatmana, and Betty Natalie Fitriatin. "The Abilities of Endophytic and Biofertilizing Bacteria and Their Combinations to Suppress Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) of Chili." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 26, 2017): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1052.
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Bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the most important diseases in Solanaceae, including chili. Biological control is one of environmentally-friendly method for controlling plant diseases. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include bacterial endophytes and bacteria that are usually used as biofertilizer. This paper discusses the result of the study that examined the abilities of endophytic and biofertilizing bacteria solely or in combination to suppress bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum). The endophytic bacteria isolates tested were Lysinibacillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, while biofertilizing bacteria used were N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chrococcum) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas cepacea). The results showed that the endophytic bacteria, biofertilizing bacteria and their combination inhibited wilt disease incidence in chili by 46.7-80 %. The highest disease suppression (80 %) showed by the endophytic bacteria, B. subtilis. This endophyte was also able to promote a significant chili growth. Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum, Endophytic bacteria, Biofertilizer, Biological control, Chili.
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Putri, Rizka Dwi Widya, and Nuniek Herdyastuti. "POTENSI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN YANG DIHASILKAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT PADA DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.)." Unesa Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v10n1.p55-63.
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Abstrak. Bakteri endofit memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang diduga sebagai akibat transfer genetik dari tanaman inangnya ke dalam bakteri endofit. Beberapa senyawa metabolit yang dihasilkan bakteri endofit berfungsi sebagai agen biokontrol tanaman, antibakteri, antijamur, antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Telah dilakukan isolasi bakteri endofit dari daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) yang diduga dapat menghasilkan antioksidan. Isolasi bakteri menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan (surface sterilization) dengan perendaman menggunakan NaOCl dan alkohol. Isolat bakteri endofit diperoleh sebanyak dua, yaitu isolat bakteri endofit A dan B yang memiliki morfologi koloni yang berbeda, yaitu morfologi koloni isolat bakteri endofit A berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian utuh, permukaan rata, dan berwarna putih hampir bening, sedangkan isolat bakteri endofit B berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian keriting, permukaan rata, dan berwarna keputih-putihan. Hasil uji metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit A dan B memiliki kandungan flavanoid dan fenolik. Uji antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada λ516 nm menggunakan asam askorbat sebagai kontrol positif. Berdasarkan hasil uji diperoleh nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit A pada fraksi metanol yaitu 201,8010 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 232,9740 ppm. Nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol yaitu 146,9645 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 189,8048 ppm. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dimiliki oleh isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol dan diklasifikasikan sebagai antioksidan sedang.
Kata Kunci: Bakteri endofit, antioksidan, daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.)
Abstract. Endophytic bacteria have the ability to produce secondary metabolites which are thought to be a result of genetic transfer from host plant into endophytic bacteria. Several secondary metabolites that can be produced by endophytic bacteria used to biocontrol agent, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. This research has been done about isolation of Endophytic Bacteria on Guajava Leaf (Psidium guajava L) which are thought to produce antioxidant. Bacterila isolation using the surface sterilization method by siaking using NaOCl and alcohol. Two bacterila were obtained, namely endophytic bacterial isolates A and endophytic bacterial isolates B which had different colony morphology, morphology of bacterial isolate A is irregular shaped, entire edge, flat surface, and almost transculent white, whereas bacterial endophytic bacterial isolates B is irregular shaped, undunate edge, flat surface, and whitish. Secondary metabolites test results showed that endophytic bacterial isolates A and B contained flavonoids and phenolics. Antioxidant test using using DPPH radical scavenging method (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis at λ 516 nm used ascorbat acid as positive control. Based on the test results obtained (IC50) value of endophytic bacterial isolates A in the methanol fraction is 201,8010 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 232,9740 ppm. The value (IC50) of endophytic bacteria isolates B in the methanol fraction was 146,9645 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 189,8048 ppm. The highest antioxidant activity is possessed by endophytic bacterial isolates B in the methanol fraction and is classified as a moderate antioxidant.
Key words: Endophytic bacteria, antioxidants, leaves of guajava (Psidium guajava L.)
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Sperandio, Vanessa. "Novel approaches to bacterial infection therapy by interfering with bacteria-to-bacteria signaling." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 5, no. 2 (April 2007): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14787210.5.2.271.
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Intriago Angulo, Jefferson Javier, Juan Gerardo Quimi Mujica, Jordana Jineyka López Parra, David Villarreal de la Torre, Edmundo Matute, Jenny Maribel Rizco Cunayque, María Elena Bermúdez Basan, Emmerick Motte Darracau, Virna Alexia Cedeño Escobar, and Eric Louis Miahle Matonnier. "Inhibición del quórum sensing mediante el quórum quenching en postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei." La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982, no. 23 (July 27, 2020): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i23.1538.
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Inhibition of the quorum sensing by quorum quenching in postlarva of Litopenaeus vannamei
El cultivo del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei es un recurso acuícola de gran importancia económica a nivel mundial; sin embargo, es severamente afectado por varios tipos de enfermedades infecciosas, principalmente virales y bacterianas. Sin embargo las pérdidas masivas reportadas durante los últimos años, están generalmente relacionadas a infecciones bacterianas en particular, el síndrome de mortalidad temprana (EMS) y más recientemente relacionada a la enfermedad de necrosis hepatopancreática aguda (AHPND) por sus siglas en ingles. Para asegurar la sostenibilidad de la industria del camarón, se debe mejorar la productividad en particular mediante el uso de consorcios de bacterias probióticas eficientes para la prevención de las enfermedades bacterianas. Dos consorcios de bacterias probióticas (consorcios comerciales y consorcio CA), fueron evaluados en pruebas in vitro y en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón L. vannamei, donde se realizó la determinación subsecuente del grado de inhibición del quórum sensing de las bacterias patogénicas mediante el quórum quenching de bacterias probióticas y paralelamente a los análisis de sobrevivencia. Como resultados el consorcio CA fue el que presento mayor grado de inhibición del quorum sensing in vitro en paralelo a los mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón. El mejor efecto probiótico en post-larvas de L. vannamei resultaron en los tratamientos del consorcio CA, como los mejores supresores en la presencia de vibrios en el cultivo bacteriológico así como mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón.
Palabras clave: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; bacterias patogénicas; bacterias probióticas
Abstract
The cultivation of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is an aquaculture resource of great economic importance worldwide; however, it is severely affected by several types of infectious diseases, mainly viral and bacterial. However, the massive losses reported in recent years are generally related to bacterial infections in particular, early mortality syndrome (EMS) and more recently related to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). To ensure the sustainability of the shrimp industry, productivity must be improved in particular by the use of efficient probiotic bacteria consortia for the prevention of bacterial diseases. Two consortia of probiotic bacteria (commercial consortia and CA consortium) were evaluated in in vitro tests and in post-larvae production tanks of L. vannamei shrimp, where the subsequent determination of the degree of inhibition of the quorum sensing of pathogenic bacteria was carried out. By the quenching quorum of probiotic bacteria and parallel to the survival analysis. As a result, the CA consortium showed the greatest degree of inhibition of in vitro quorum sensing in parallel to the higher survival rates in shrimp post-larval production tanks. The best probiotic effect in post-larvae of L. vannamei resulted in the CA consortia treatments, as the best suppressors in the presence of vibrios in the bacteriological culture as well as higher survival rates in post-larvae shrimp production tanks
Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; pathogenic bacteria; probiotic bacteria.
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Silva, José Reinaldo Oliveira, Anne Caroline Santos Ramos, Zenon Machado Lima, Bruno Dos Santos Lima, Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo, Marcelo da Costa Mendonça, Francine Ferreira Padilha, Luiz Pereira da Costa, Jorge Alberto López, and Maria Lucila Hernández-Macedo. "Spondias tuberosa Extract for Silver Nanoparticles Assisted Synthesis Against Multiresistant Bacteria." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2019.2447.
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Multiresistant bacteria represent a global health problem, encouraging the development of effective antimicrobial treatments. In this context, metallic nanoparticles like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can serve as an alternative to the pathogenic bacterial growth control since AgNPs have minimal risk of promoting bacterial resistance. The chemical methods to synthesize AgNPs involves toxic agents however, an alternative way to obtain them would be employing plant extract due to its redox ability. In the current study, Spondias tuberosa hydroethanolic leaf extract (StHE) was used to assist silver nanoparticle synthesis (AgNP) and to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of both StHE and AgNP against antibiotic-resistant bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The StHE phytochemical analysis displayed significant polyphenol and flavonoids contents, identified by HPLC. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical with an average size of 3.44–19.46 nm, characterized by UV-Vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs antimicrobial activity displayed higher capacity than the crude StHE, mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, StHE is an effective source of reducing agents for the AgNPs synthesis, which exhibit high antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Lin, Qingjie, Shiying Lin, Zitao Fan, Jing Liu, Dingcheng Ye, and Pingting Guo. "A Review of the Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Mammal Gut." Microorganisms 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2024): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12051026.
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A healthy animal intestine hosts a diverse population of bacteria in a symbiotic relationship. These bacteria utilize nutrients in the host’s intestinal environment for growth and reproduction. In return, they assist the host in digesting and metabolizing nutrients, fortifying the intestinal barrier, defending against potential pathogens, and maintaining gut health. Bacterial colonization is a crucial aspect of this interaction between bacteria and the intestine and involves the attachment of bacteria to intestinal mucus or epithelial cells through nonspecific or specific interactions. This process primarily relies on adhesins. The binding of bacterial adhesins to host receptors is a prerequisite for the long-term colonization of bacteria and serves as the foundation for the pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. Intervening in the adhesion and colonization of bacteria in animal intestines may offer an effective approach to treating gastrointestinal diseases and preventing pathogenic infections. Therefore, this paper reviews the situation and mechanisms of bacterial colonization, the colonization characteristics of various bacteria, and the factors influencing bacterial colonization. The aim of this study was to serve as a reference for further research on bacteria–gut interactions and improving animal gut health.
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Rosana, Yeva, Lina Herliyana, Grady Krisandi, and Erike Anggraini Suwarsono. "Profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infections in inpatients and outpatients in Jakarta and Tangerang." Universa Medicina 42, no. 3 (November 20, 2023): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.303-313.
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Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria occupy the second highest rank of common infectious diseases in the world. Empirical use of antibiotics may give rise to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria because of irrational prescription. Choice of antibiotics to treat UTIs is limited because of MDR bacteria. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the bacterial antibiotic susceptibility patterns in inpatients and outpatients in Jakarta and Tangerang. Methods Bacterial isolates were obtained from midstream urine specimens from 43 inpatients and 43 outpatients with UTIs in Jakarta and Tangerang. Bacteria were isolated on blood and MacConkey agar media using colony count method. Isolate identification and their susceptibility patterns were performed using VITEK2 compact system according to manufacturers’ instructions. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results A total of 89 bacterial isolates consisting of 15 bacterial species were successfully isolated from 86 specimens. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common etiology of UTIs in inpatients and outpatients. MDR bacteria were found in 52 of the 89 isolates. ESBL-producing E. coli was the most common MDR bacteria. ESBL-producing E. coli and other MDR bacteria showed good susceptibility to ertapenem, meropenem, amikacin, and tigecycline. There were no significant differences regarding the MDR bacterial count in inpatients and outpatients (p=0.521). Conclusion E. coli was found to be the most common MDR bacteria causing UTIs in inpatients and outpatients in Jakarta and Tangerang. Higher resistance to many antibiotics was found in MDR bacterial isolates in inpatients compared to outpatients. MDR bacteria in outpatient UTIs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
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Aini, Fitratul. "The Effectivity of Bacteria Isolated From of Liquid Waste Palm Oil Plantation on Ganoderma Boninense." International Journal of Ecophysiology 1, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijoep.v1i1.841.
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Ganoderma boninense is one of the main pathogenic fungus in oil palm plantations. Generally, these pathogen cause root rot (basal stem rot). Biological control that has been widely used reduce the infection is using bacteria. Liquid waste palm oil has potential to produce bacteria that is able to degrade Ganoderma boninense that causes root rot in oil palm. Liquid waste were obtained from Muaro Sabak Regency Jambi Province. Bacteri were isolated and cultivated in nutrient agar medium, characterized and identified for antagonistic test against G. boninense. Results showed that 16 bacterial isolates were identified, among of them are able to inhibit Ganoderma boninense.
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Halim, Rashidah Abd, Nor'Aishah Hasan, and Kogeethavani Ramachandran. "Screening of Endophytic Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents Against Bacteria Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae)." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.27.3.215.
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Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of major threats in rice production as it can cause 100% yield loss. Concern on the environment and human health has led an attempt to replace existing methods of chemical control and avoid extensive use of bactericides by using endophytic bacteria. The present study was conducted to screen and characterize bacteria isolated from different sources that has potential as antagonistic bacteria against Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight of paddy. Two hundred and thirty-three endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from roots and leaves from paddy field. Only 17 endophytic bacterial isolates showed positive antagonistic activity indicated by inhibition zone around bacterial colony against Xoo on nutrient agar plate with 2 endophytic isolates (BCA 3 and BCA 12) showed highest inhibitory effect with 35±0.00 mm in diameter. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA amplification successfully identified the antagonistic endophytic bacteria as Pseudomonas fluorescensand Geobacillus thermoparaffinivorans. Findings in this study revealed the biocontrol abilities of isolated endophytes as an excellent option to be used by agriculture sectors to have sustainable environment.
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Zegadło, Katarzyna, Monika Gieroń, Paulina Żarnowiec, Katarzyna Durlik-Popińska, Beata Kręcisz, Wiesław Kaca, and Grzegorz Czerwonka. "Bacterial Motility and Its Role in Skin and Wound Infections." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021707.
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Skin and wound infections are serious medical problems, and the diversity of bacteria makes such infections difficult to treat. Bacteria possess many virulence factors, among which motility plays a key role in skin infections. This feature allows for movement over the skin surface and relocation into the wound. The aim of this paper is to review the type of bacterial movement and to indicate the underlying mechanisms than can serve as a target for developing or modifying antibacterial therapies applied in wound infection treatment. Five types of bacterial movement are distinguished: appendage-dependent (swimming, swarming, and twitching) and appendage-independent (gliding and sliding). All of them allow bacteria to relocate and aid bacteria during infection. Swimming motility allows bacteria to spread from ‘persister cells’ in biofilm microcolonies and colonise other tissues. Twitching motility enables bacteria to press through the tissues during infection, whereas sliding motility allows cocci (defined as non-motile) to migrate over surfaces. Bacteria during swarming display greater resistance to antimicrobials. Molecular motors generating the focal adhesion complexes in the bacterial cell leaflet generate a ‘wave’, which pushes bacterial cells lacking appendages, thereby enabling movement. Here, we present the five main types of bacterial motility, their molecular mechanisms, and examples of bacteria that utilise them. Bacterial migration mechanisms can be considered not only as a virulence factor but also as a target for antibacterial therapy.
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Libbing, Cassandra L., Adam R. McDevitt, Rea-Mae P. Azcueta, Ahila Ahila, and Minal Mulye. "Lipid Droplets: A Significant but Understudied Contributor of Host–Bacterial Interactions." Cells 8, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8040354.
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Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytosolic lipid storage organelles that are important for cellular lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, and inflammation. Several bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens exploit host LDs to promote infection, thus emphasizing the importance of LDs at the host–pathogen interface. In this review, we discuss the thus far reported relation between host LDs and bacterial pathogens including obligate and facultative intracellular bacteria, and extracellular bacteria. Although there is less evidence for a LD–extracellular bacterial interaction compared to interactions with intracellular bacteria, in this review, we attempt to compare the bacterial mechanisms that target LDs, the host signaling pathways involved and the utilization of LDs by these bacteria. Many intracellular bacteria employ unique mechanisms to target host LDs and potentially obtain nutrients and lipids for vacuolar biogenesis and/or immune evasion. However, extracellular bacteria utilize LDs to either promote host tissue damage or induce host death. We also identify several areas that require further investigation. Along with identifying LD interactions with bacteria besides the ones reported, the precise mechanisms of LD targeting and how LDs benefit pathogens should be explored for the bacteria discussed in the review. Elucidating LD–bacterial interactions promises critical insight into a novel host–pathogen interaction.
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Crump, Byron C., E. Virginia Armbrust, and John A. Baross. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Particle-Attached and Free-Living Bacterial Communities in the Columbia River, Its Estuary, and the Adjacent Coastal Ocean." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 3192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.3192-3204.1999.
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ABSTRACT The Columbia River estuary is a dynamic system in which estuarine turbidity maxima trap and extend the residence time of particles and particle-attached bacteria over those of the water and free-living bacteria. Particle-attached bacteria dominate bacterial activity in the estuary and are an important part of the estuarine food web. PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes from particle-attached and free-living bacteria in the Columbia River, its estuary, and the adjacent coastal ocean were cloned, and 239 partial sequences were determined. A wide diversity was observed at the species level within at least six different bacterial phyla, including most subphyla of the classProteobacteria. In the estuary, most particle-attached bacterial clones (75%) were related to members of the genusCytophaga or of the α, γ, or δ subclass of the classProteobacteria. These same clones, however, were rare in or absent from either the particle-attached or the free-living bacterial communities of the river and the coastal ocean. In contrast, about half (48%) of the free-living estuarine bacterial clones were similar to clones from the river or the coastal ocean. These free-living bacteria were related to groups of cosmopolitan freshwater bacteria (β-proteobacteria, gram-positive bacteria, andVerrucomicrobium spp.) and groups of marine organisms (gram-positive bacteria and α-proteobacteria [SAR11 andRhodobacter spp.]). These results suggest that rapidly growing particle-attached bacteria develop into a uniquely adapted estuarine community and that free-living estuarine bacteria are similar to members of the river and the coastal ocean microbial communities. The high degree of diversity in the estuary is the result of the mixing of bacterial communities from the river, estuary, and coastal ocean.
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Mohd Isa, Nur Suaidah, Hani El Kadri, Daniele Vigolo, Nur Farra Adlina Mohamed Zakhari, and Konstantinos Gkatzionis. "Understanding the Application of Emulsion Systems for Bacterial Encapsulation and Temperature-Modulated Release." Fluids 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2024): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9120274.
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The encapsulation of bacteria in emulsion droplets offers various advantages over other conventional methods of encapsulation, such as improvements in bacterial viability, and may serve as microenvironments for bacterial growth. Nevertheless, changes in temperature may affect bacterial viability and droplet stability. In this study, the encapsulation of bacteria in single water-in-oil (W/O) and double water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) emulsions under cold storage and temperature-modulated release were investigated. The microencapsulation of bacteria in emulsion droplets was achieved by using a flow-focusing microfluidic device. Droplet stability was determined by measuring changes in droplet size and creaming behaviour at different temperatures. The thermal properties of the samples were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry, while the release of bacteria with changes in temperature was determined by measuring the colony form unit (CFU) of the released bacteria and conducting fluorescence microscopy. Higher bacterial viability was observed for encapsulated samples compared to free cells, indicating the ability of the emulsion system to improve bacterial viability during cold-temperature storage. The crystallisation temperature was lowered in the presence of bacteria, but the melting temperature was similar with or without bacteria. Storage in freezing temperatures of −20 °C and −80 °C led to extensive droplet destabilisation, with the immediate release of encapsulated bacteria upon thawing, where the temperature-modulated release of encapsulated bacteria was achieved. This study provides an overview of the potential application of emulsion droplets for bacterial encapsulation under cold-temperature storage and the controlled release of encapsulated bacteria mediated by changes in temperature, which is beneficial for various applications in industries such as food and pharmaceuticals.
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Cocchi, Pietro. "BACTERIA VS. BACTERIA." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 6, no. 6 (June 1987): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198706000-00028.
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Erlinawati, Erlinawati, and Safridha Kemala Putri. "Identifikasi bakteri patogen pada jajanan telur gulung yang dijual di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh." Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan 4, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v4i1.1061.
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Background: Pathogenic bacteria can be a significant cause of food poisoning. Bacterial growth in food can also cause undesirable physical or chemical changes, making the food unfit for consumption. Egg roll is a snack easily found in Banda Aceh City, which children and adults generally consume. Snacks that contain high bacteria are very dangerous for health.Objectives: This study aims to determine the types of pathogenic bacteria in egg rolls sold in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh City, 2020. Five samples were taken for bacterial examination at the Microbiology Laboratory, Medical Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh. Bacterial identification on egg rolls was observed for four days. Data analysis was only done descriptively.Results: The study identifying pathogenic bacteria on egg rolls showed that the egg roll samples were contaminated with several harmful bacteria. The bacterial colonies varied from the lowest distribution of 453,333 to the highest of 1,150,000. The bacteria were Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp.Conclusion: Egg rolls sold on the roadside have been contaminated with bacteria. The bacteria identified were Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp. Suggestions and efforts are needed from the authorities to conduct health promotion and training for egg roll sellers to maintain hygiene and sanitation of both tools and places of sale.
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Kim, Su Yeong, and Dae Yong Yi. "Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 52, no. 8 (August 2020): 1288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0470-5.
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Abstract The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contribute to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. In alpha-diversity analyses, bacterial samples showed higher richness and evenness than bacterial EV samples, and beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences between bacteria and bacterial EVs within identical individual samples. Firmicutes accounted for the largest proportion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera, including Bifidobacterium, were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. This study revealed the diverse bacterial communities in the HBM of healthy lactating mothers, and found that gut-associated genera accounted for a high proportion in bacterial EV samples. Our findings suggest the existence of key bacteria with metabolic activity that are independent of the major bacterial populations that inhabit HBM, and the possibility that EVs derived from these bacteria are involved in the vertical transfer of gut microbiota.
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Getriani, Zerina, Jepri Agung Priyanto, and Sri Budiarti. "Deteksi Bakteri Gram-Negatif Pada Permukaan Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) dari Tiga Pasar Tradisional di Bogor." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 9, no. 4 (November 29, 2023): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.9.4.138-144.
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Ocimum basilicum or basil is commonly consumed raw by Indonesian. However, it is easily contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to detect Gram-negative bacteria in basil leaves obtained from three traditional markets in Bogor. Isolation and quantification of bacteria using serial dilution showed that the average number of bacteria on the surface of basil leaves was 9.6 × 107 CFU/g. Basil leaves obtained from the second traditional market had the highest number of bacteria, namely 11.3 × 107 CFU/g. All isolated bacteria have the same morphology namely bacilli, then further purified and characterized physiologically. The nine bacterial isolates obtained were able to grow on selective-differential media including Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA), bismuth sulphite agar (BSA), and eosin-methylen blue (EMBA). Gram staining showed that all bacterial isolates were classified as Gram-negative bacteria. The hemolytic ability of bacterial isolates was tested using blood agar base media, three out of nine bacterial isolates were able to produce hemolysin. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that the bacterial isolates belonged to the Providencia sp., Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Kluyvera sp. groups.
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Choi, Byungwook, Tae-Min Kim, Seorin Jeong, Yousuk Kim, and Eunsuk Kim. "Effects of Seed Endophytic Bacteria on Life History and Reproductive Traits in a Cosmopolitan Weed, Capsella bursa-pastoris." Plants 11, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192642.
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Diverse bacteria inhabit plant seeds, and at least some of them can enhance plant performance at the early developmental stage. However, it is still inconclusive whether seed bacteria can influence post-germination traits and their contribution to plant fitness. To explore the evolutionary and ecological consequences of seed endophytic bacteria, we isolated four bacterial strains from the seeds of an annual weedy plant species, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and conducted a common garden experiment using seeds inoculated by isolated bacteria. Seeds infected by bacteria tended to germinate in spring rather than in autumn. Bacterial treatment also altered the expression of plant life history and reproductive traits, including flowering dates, rosette diameter at bolting, number of inflorescences, and fruit production. The results of the path analyses suggested that such effects of bacterial treatments were due to bacterial inoculation as well as germination delayed until spring. Spring germinants with bacterial infection showed a weaker association between post-germination traits and relative fitness than those without bacterial infection. These results suggest that seed bacteria likely affect the expression of post-germination traits directly or indirectly by delaying the germination season. An altered contribution of plant traits to relative fitness implies the influence of seed bacteria on the strength of natural selection.
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Mazidah Noer Inayah and Suci Indah Budiarti. "Potensi Bakteri Tanah Penghasil Senyawa Antimikrob Untuk Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli dan Staphylococcus Aureus." Jurnal Nurse 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.57213/nurse.v4i1.234.
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Antimicrobials are molecules that inhibit the growth of microbes. Some bacterial species, consisting of actinomycetes and fungi, are capable of producing antimicrobial substances. Streptomyces, commonly referred to as soil bacteria, are a group of actinomycetes that produce multiple antimicrobial agents. Other soil bacteria that may produce antibiotics include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Nocardia, Kibdelosporangium, and Roseobacter. Thereby, soil is one of the potential sources that is capable of being used as a research sample for discovering and collecting antibiotic-producing bacteria, especially new types of antibiotics that weren't previously discovered. The latest research about antimicrobials (antibiotics) has been driven by the high number of cases of bacterial resistance. The study aims to investigate the potential of antimicrobial-producing bacteria from the soil to inhibit the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The research procedure involves soil sampling, isolating the antimicrob-producing bacteria, describing the morphology of the bacterial colony and bacterial cells, purifying and regenerating the bacterial culture, and testing the activity of antimicrobial substances against E. coli and S. aureus. The study revealed four bacterial isolates: E1, E2, S1, and S2, that could possibly suppress the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. However, the antimicrobial activity of the four bacteria remained considerably smaller compared with 100 mg of chloramphenicol.
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Henry, J. G., D. Prasad, and W. B. Lohaza. "Fate of indicator organisms in sludge during bacterial leaching of metals." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-028.
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Biological extraction (bacterial leaching) of heavy metals from digested sewage sludge has been shown to be a practical means for decontaminating sludge for use on agricultural land. However, it was not known whether pathogenic organisms would survive or be destroyed in the acidic environment necessary for the bacterial leaching process. The purpose of the research reported herein was to assess the effect of bacterial leaching on various bacteria commonly used to indicate the possible presence of pathogenic organisms. Although pathogenic viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths may be present in sludge, this study is concerned only with bacterial pathogens. The concentrations of the four indicator bacteria selected to represent the bacterial pathogens were determined in a series of laboratory bacterial leaching units. Results showed that, although about 80–90% metal removal efficiencies were achieved (at a pH of 4.0, an aeration rate of 100 mL of air per minute per litre of sludge) at a temperature of 20–25 °C, the indicator bacteria were not reduced during bacterial leaching at high suspended solids concentrations. The survival of indicator bacteria was found to be a function of the suspended solids concentration in the leaching units, regardless of the source or type of indicator bacteria. At suspended solids concentrations greater than 10 g/L, the indicator bacteria were able to survive, apparently unaffected by the unfavourable environmental conditions (10 days retention at pH 4.0). Below this suspended solids concentration of 10 g/L, significant reductions of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci were achieved. Total heterotrophs did not follow the same trends as the other indicator bacteria. Key words: bacterial leaching, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, indicator bacteria, enteric pathogens removal, sewage sludge, sludge disposal.
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Sawaya, K., N. Kaneko, K. Fukushi, and J. Yaguchi. "Behaviors of physiologically active bacteria in water environment and chlorine disinfection." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 7 (October 1, 2008): 1343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.445.
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Direct microscopic methods using several fluorescent staining were applied to estimate the proportion of physiologically active bacteria in the water environment and evaluate the efficacy of disinfection with chlorine. 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used to determine total bacterial numbers, and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) was chosen for direct detection of respiring bacteria. BacLightTM kit was used to assess bacterial membrane integrity. Bacteria with growth potential were enumerated using the DVC method and microcolony technique. The total bacterial number in river was 8 × 106∼3 × 1010 cells/mL, and colony forming units on R2A medium were 1 × 104∼4 × 105 cfu/mL. In the case of wastewater treatment plant, 1 ∼ 10% of total bacterial cells could form colonies. Physiologically active bacteria in river and wastewater treatment plant determined by fluorescent staining were much higher than those obtained by plate counting. The effect of chlorine on the physiological viability of Escherichia coli was also investigated. Microscopic viable bacteria were even more chlorine resistant than culturable bacteria. The inactivation rate coefficients of direct viable bacteria were one-second to third those of culturable bacteria.
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Murakami, Gen, Yuichi Sugai, and Kyuro Sasaki. "Preliminary Study on In Situ Realtime Quantitation of Target Bacteria on the Principle of Flow Cytometry." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.224.
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In-situ realtime method that can monitor the target bacteria should be used to determine the real situation of the bacteria in deep parts of heaps in heap bioleaching plants. This study suggest to apply flow cytometry technology to in-situ realtime monitoring of target bacteria. Flow cytometry is a method that can rapidly quantify the bacterial cells in bacterial suspension based on the detection of lights that are emitted from bacterial cells. In this study, we estimated the possibility of the application of flow cytometry to the selective detection of target bacteria. The bacterial culture solution that had been diluted by water including other bacteria was provided for fluorescence spectral analysis and scattered light analysis that were functions of flow cytometry. Our target bacteria could be selectively detected by those analyses in this study, therefore, it was shown that the flow cytometry could be useful for detecting target bacteria selectively. Because the measurement principle of flow cytometry is quite simple, it can be expected to be installed into deep heaps through the monitoring wells and determine the dominance of target bacteria in-situ and realtime in the future.
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Huo, Chen, Wang, Cai, Qi, Xia, Wen, and Lin. "Continuous-Flow Separation and Efficient Concentration of Foodborne Bacteria from Large Volume Using Nickel Nanowire Bridge in Microfluidic Chip." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100644.
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Separation and concentration of target bacteria has become essential to sensitive and accurate detection of foodborne bacteria to ensure food safety. In this study, we developed a bacterial separation system for continuous-flow separation and efficient concentration of foodborne bacteria from large volume using a nickel nanowire (NiNW) bridge in the microfluidic chip. The synthesized NiNWs were first modified with the antibodies against the target bacteria and injected into the microfluidic channel to form the NiNW bridge in the presence of the external arc magnetic field. Then, the large volume of bacterial sample was continuous-flow injected to the channel, resulting in specific capture of the target bacteria by the antibodies on the NiNW bridge to form the NiNW–bacteria complexes. Finally, these complexes were flushed out of the channel and concentrated in a lower volume of buffer solution, after the magnetic field was removed. This bacterial separation system was able to separate up to 74% of target bacteria from 10 mL of bacterial sample at low concentrations of ≤102 CFU/mL in 3 h, and has the potential to separate other pathogenic bacteria from large volumes of food samples by changing the antibodies.
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Chaudhary, Hammad Tufail. "BLOOD BAG;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 02 (February 14, 2017): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.02.512.
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Transfusion of blood products is one of the key aspects of hospital care. Amongthe risk of blood transfusions, bacterial contamination of the blood bags is not so uncommon.Sources of bacteria can be several. Majority of the times the source of bacteria is the arm of thedonor. Second important cause of bacterial contamination of blood transfusion, is bacteria inthe blood stream of the donor. Donor is usually selected with strict selection criteria. Detailedhistory is usually taken. Diversion is another method used to reduce the bacterial contaminationof blood bags. Temperature is also important parameter for the growth of bacteria. RBCs arestored at 4 ˚C and platelets are stored at 22˚C. For the ideal bacterial detection techniques,it is important that they can detect the bacteria as early and as low as possible. At the time ofcollection of sample for viral screening, number of bacteria might be too low to be detected.
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Nurmiaho-Lassila, E. L., S. Timonen, K. Haahtela, and R. Sen. "Bacterial colonization patterns of intactPinus sylvestrismycorrhizospheres in dry pine forest soil: an electron microscopy study." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1017–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-147.
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The bacterial populations associated with different plant and fungal habitats of intact Pinus sylvestris – Suillus bovinus or Pinus sylvestris – Paxillus involutus ectomycorrhizospheres grown in natural forest soil were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Surfaces of nonmycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris roots hosted large numbers of morphologically distinct bacteria. Bacteria were detected on the mantle surfaces and at inter- and intra-cellular locations in the mantle and Hartig net of Suillus bovinus mycorrhizas. The fungal strands were colonized by only a few bacteria unlike the outermost external fine hyphae on which extensive monolayers of bacteria were attached. The mycorrhizas of Paxillus involutus were mostly devoid of bacteria, but the intact external mycelium supported both bacterial colonies and solitary bacteria. Intracellular bacteria were not present in Paxillus involutus hyphae. In both mycorrhizal systems, bacterial aggregation and attachment to hyphae were mediated with electron-dense or -translucent material. Our study shows that the Pinus sylvestris mycorrhizospheres formed by two different ectomycorrhizal fungi are clearly dissimilar habitats for mycorrhizosphere-associated bacteria. Additionally, the spatially and physiologically defined mycorrhizosphere habitats were shown to host distinct populations of bacteria.Key words: ectomycorrhiza, intracellular bacteria, Paxillus involutus, soil bacteria, Suillus bovinus.
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Kong, Xiang Ping. "Transport of Bacteria in Natural Core as Enhanced Oil Recovery Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (April 2012): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.231.
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The effects of the bacterial cell size and flow velocity on the transport of concentrated suspensions of bacteria were experimentally investigated, and the bacteria retention mechanism was studied by observing bacterial distribution in natural cores. A lower reduction in permeability and a higher effluent bacterial concentration were obtained in the core flooding with the smaller cell size bacteria or at a higher flow velocity. The bacteria were easier to migrate through the porous rock directionally compared to the rigid solid particles owing to their organic flexibility. Bacteria retention occurred primarily at the inlet section of the natural core, and log-jam effect or pore bridging may be the dominant mechanism.
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Rahman, Fatur, Ismiati Ismiati, and Arbai Nurhasanah. "Distribusi Bakteri Penghasil Enzim Ekstraseluler Pada Saluran Pencernaan Lobster Mutiara (Panulirus ornatus)." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v5i2.129.
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The activity of the digestive function of animals is influenced by the secretion of extracellular enzymes from bacteria in the digestive tract. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of bacteria producing protease enzyme, amylase and lipase from the digestive tract of pearl lobster, Panulirus ornatus. Bacterial isolates that have extracellular enzyme activity are based on their ability to form clear zones in the test media. The results showed that of 51 bacterial isolates from the digestive tract of P. ornatus, proteolytic bacteria were 27.45%, amylolytic bacteria were 23.53% and lipolytic bacteria were 21.77%. Based on bacterial dominance in the gastrointestinal segment, namely the cardiac, piloric and intestinal sections, it was dominated by amylolytic bacteria at 33.33%, proteolytic at 37.50% and lipolytic at 29.41%. The activity of proteolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic bacteria based on the highest clear zone diameter was achieved respectively by SP5 isolates of 12 mm, SK10 isolates of 21 mm and SU15 isolates of 20 mm. The three bacterial isolates were potential as probiotic aquacultur candidates
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Chu, Mengqi, and Xiaobo Zhang. "Bacterial Atlas of Mouse Gut Microbiota." Cellular Microbiology 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5968814.
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Background. Mouse model is one of the most widely used animal models for exploring the roles of human gut microbiota, a complex system involving in human immunity and metabolism. However, the structure of mouse gut bacterial community has not been explored at a large scale. To address this concern, the diversity and composition of the gut bacteria of 600 mice were characterized in this study. Results. The results showed that the bacteria belonging to 8 genera were found in the gut microbiota of all mouse individuals, indicating that the 8 bacteria were the core bacteria of mouse gut microbiota. The dominant genera of the mouse gut bacteria contained 15 bacterial genera. It was found that the bacteria in the gut microbiota were mainly involved in host’s metabolisms via the collaborations between the gut bacteria. The further analysis demonstrated that the composition of mouse gut microbiota was similar to that of human gut microbiota. Conclusion. Our study presented a bacterial atlas of mouse gut microbiota, providing a solid basis for investing the bacterial communities of mouse gut microbiota.
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Mahardika, K., I. Mastuti, R. Septory, A. Nasukha, and I. N. A. Giri. "Bacterial density variations of the coastal waters from three marine aquaculture centers in Bali, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1221, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1221/1/012011.
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Abstract The highly dynamic nature of marine waters can create unique characteristics for bacterial communities. The purpose of this study was to quantify the number of bacteria present in the beach sand and coastal waters of three marine aquaculture centers in Bali, Indonesia. Two locations that have developed were selected (Patas Village and Candikusuma Village). While an advance centre was located in Sumberkima Village Bay. Sampling was done in March-April 2021. Seawater and beach sand from the three locations were collected and analyzed for total plate count bacteria, Vibrio sp., halotolerant bacteria, rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic facultative bacteria. Sampling of sea water was carried out at 4-5 points around floating net cages and beach sand around the location. The sampling results showed that the total plate count bacteria and halotolerant bacteria in coastal waters from the three locations were less varied. While number of Vibrio sp. in Candikusuma Village lower than the Vibrio sp. in two centre. Rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria were found in advance centre (Sumberkima Village). Sand beach bacteria from Sumberkima Village and Patas Village have similar number of total plate count bacteria, Vibrio sp., halotolerant bacteria and rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria. However, the number of these bacteria were significant different with the same bacterial on the beach sand of Candikusuma Village, except anaerobic facultative bacteria. These results indicate that the bacterial population is influenced by development of aquaculture activities in coastal waters.
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Diver, Jonathan M. "Quinolone Uptake by Bacteria and Bacterial Killing." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_5 (July 1, 1989): S941—S946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_5.s941.
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Youderian, Philip. "Bacterial motility: Secretory secrets of gliding bacteria." Current Biology 8, no. 12 (June 1998): R408—R411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70264-7.
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Semenov, A. V., A. V. Sgibnev, S. V. Cherkasov, and O. V. Bukharin. "Bacterial regulation of antagonistic activity of bacteria." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 144, no. 5 (November 2007): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-007-0410-6.
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Riedasch, G., K. Möhring, and E. Ritz. "Do antibody-coated bacteria prove bacterial prostatitis?" Infection 19, S3 (May 1991): S141—S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01643684.
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Huang, K. Fon, and David N. Herndon. "Gut-origin Sepsis: Bacteria or Bacterial Products?" Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 7, no. 2 (March 1992): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669200700202.
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Lee, Yoo Kyung, Kae Kyoung Kwon, Kyeung Hee Cho, Jae Hyun Park, and Hong Kum Lee. "Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Marine Biofilms." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.612.
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In the marine environment, biofilms cover most of the subtidal and intertidal solid surfaces. Culturable bacteria forming marine biofilms were isolated on artificial substrate called acrylic coupons. The bacterial isolates were identified through a comparison of 16S rDNA sequences. A total of 115 strains were cultured and identified, 45 of which showed the same sequences with other strains. Therefore, 70 strains were finally identified. The bacterial isolates belonged to a–Proteobacteria (32 isolates), g–Proteobacteria (12 isolates), CFB group bacteria (4 isolates), high GC Gram-positive bacteria (9 isolates), and low GC Gram-positive bacteria (13 isolates). The bacterial isolates may be used as standard bacteria to test new antifouling agent. They may also be utilized as useful bacteria to enhance the settlement of commercial algae and invertebrate larvae for aquaculture.
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Afianti, Nur Fitriah, and Yeti Darmayati. "PENDEKATAN CULTURE INDEPENDENT UNTUK ANALISIS KOMUNITAS BAKTERI." OSEANA 42, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.1.34.
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CULTURE INDEPENDENT APPROACH FOR BACTERIAL COMMUNITY ANALYSIS. Analysis of bacterial community can be through two approaches, through cultivation (culture dependent) and without cultivation (culture independent). Culture dependent approach is conventional method which only covered few bacteria because not all bacteria could be cultured. Culture independent approach with molecular techniques based on DNA communities can provide more information about the structure and diversity of bacteria in nature, both culturable bacteria and unculturable bacteria. 16S rRNA gene is commonly target gene used in bacterial communities analysis. Other specific target genes also being developed for specific groups of bacteria. Several methods are developed for the analysis of molecular markers 16S rRNA or other specific genes, including Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP), and Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP).
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Prihatiningsih, Nur, Heru Adi Djatmiko, and Puji Lestari. "SCREENING OF COMPETENT RICE ROOT ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA TO PROMOTE RICE GROWTH AND BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE CONTROL." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12078-84.
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Screening of competent rice root endophytic bacteria to promote rice growth and bacterial leaf blight disease control. This study was aimed to collect isolate endophytic bacterial of rice roots which able to produce IAA, determine the effect of endophytic bacteria application in stimulating rice plant growth, and evaluate the potential of rice root endophytic bacteria for controlling bacterial leaf blight. This reasearch was carried out at the Screen House, Plant Protection Laboratory, and Agrohorti Laboratory of the Agriculture Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University. Isolation of rice root endophytic bacteria was carried out by purposive random sampling from several marginal lands. The results showed that 8 isolates of rice root endophytic bacteria were able to produce IAA, ranging from 57.56 to 79.33 ppm and B07 isolate from Serayu produced the highest amount of IAA. The B04 and B07 isolates were contributed to increase the rice plant growth. The application of rice root endophytic bacteria was effective in controlling bacterial leaf blight.