Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacteria-protozoa interactions

Academic literature on the topic 'Bacteria-protozoa interactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacteria-protozoa interactions"

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COX, F. E. G. "Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses." Parasitology 122, S1 (March 2001): S23—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200001698x.

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Concomitant infections are common in nature and often involve parasites. A number of examples of the interactions between protozoa and viruses, protozoa and bacteria, protozoa and other protozoa, protozoa and helminths, helminths and viruses, helminths and bacteria, and helminths and other helminths are described. In mixed infections the burden of one or both the infectious agents may be increased, one or both may be suppressed or one may be increased and the other suppressed. It is now possible to explain many of these interactions in terms of the effects parasites have on the immune system, particularly parasite-induced immunodepression, and the effects of cytokines controlling polarization to the Th1or Th2arms of the immune response. In addition, parasites may be affected, directly or indirectly, by cytokines and other immune effector molecules and parasites may themselves produce factors that affect the cells of the immune system. Parasites are, therefore, affected when they themselves, or other organisms, interact with the immune response and, in particular, the cytokine network. The importance of such interactions is discussed in relation to clinical disease and the development and use of vaccines.
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Gomes, Marta T., Angela H. Lopes, and José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes. "Possible Roles of Ectophosphatases in Host-Parasite Interactions." Journal of Parasitology Research 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/479146.

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The interaction and survival of pathogens in hostile environments and in confrontation with host immune responses are important mechanisms for the establishment of infection. Ectophosphatases are enzymes localized at the plasma membrane of cells, and their active sites face the external medium rather than the cytoplasm. Once activated, these enzymes are able to hydrolyze phosphorylated substrates in the extracellular milieu. Several studies demonstrated the presence of surface-located ecto-phosphatases in a vast number of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. Little is known about the role of ecto-phosphatases in host-pathogen interactions. The present paper provides an overview of recent findings related to the virulence induced by these surface molecules in protozoa and fungi.
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INGHAM, E. R., C. CAMBARDELLA, and D. C. COLEMAN. "MANIPULATION OF BACTERIA, FUNGI AND PROTOZOA BY BIOCIDES IN LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST SOIL MICROCOSMS: EFFECTS ON ORGANISM INTERACTIONS AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-028.

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Biocides were applied singly and in combination to determine their effect on target and nontarget microorganisms in mineral soil from a lodgepole pine forest and to determine microbial interaction effects on N mineralization. Soil was sterilized and reinoculated with field populations of bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Streptomycin (a bactericide), fungizone (a saprophytic fungicide), chloroform (reduces protozoa and a portion of the bacteria and fungi), a combination of cygon (an acaricide), carbofuran (an insecticide-nematicide) and chloroform and a combination of streptomycin and fungizone were used. Reduction of bacteria produced the same decreases in N immobilization and increases in soil inorganic N in forest soil as observed previously in grassland soil. Further, reduction of fungi decreased N mineralization. Chloroform reduced protozoa to below detection limits, reduced bacterial populations 2- to 10-fold, but only reduced fungal populations by twofold. Despite reductions in both bacteria and fungi, NH+4-N increased similarly to streptomycin treatments where only bacteria were reduced. When fungal populations increased after a reduction in bacterial populations, inorganic N concentrations increased. However, when fungal populations were reduced, bacterial populations did not increase, suggesting that bacteria do not compete with fungi for substrates. Key words: Microbial ecology, N mineralization, streptomycin, amphotericin B, chloroform, pesticide effects, lodgepole pine soil
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Gourabathini, Poornima, Maria T. Brandl, Katherine S. Redding, John H. Gunderson, and Sharon G. Berk. "Interactions between Food-Borne Pathogens and Protozoa Isolated from Lettuce and Spinach." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (February 29, 2008): 2518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02709-07.

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ABSTRACT The survival of Salmonella enterica was recently shown to increase when the bacteria were sequestered in expelled food vacuoles (vesicles) of Tetrahymena. Because fresh produce is increasingly linked to outbreaks of enteric illness, the present investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of protozoa on spinach and lettuce and to examine their interactions with S. enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. Glaucoma sp., Colpoda steinii, and Acanthamoeba palestinensis were cultured from store-bought spinach and lettuce and used in our study. A strain of Tetrahymena pyriformis previously isolated from spinach and a soil-borne Tetrahymena sp. were also used. Washed protozoa were allowed to graze on green fluorescent protein- or red fluorescent protein-labeled enteric pathogens. Significant differences in interactions among the various protist-enteric pathogen combinations were observed. Vesicles were produced by Glaucoma with all of the bacterial strains, although L. monocytogenes resulted in the smallest number per ciliate. Vesicle production was observed also during grazing of Tetrahymena on E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica but not during grazing on L. monocytogenes, in vitro and on leaves. All vesicles contained intact fluorescing bacteria. In contrast, C. steinii and the amoeba did not produce vesicles from any of the enteric pathogens, nor were pathogens trapped within their cysts. Studies of the fate of E. coli O157:H7 in expelled vesicles revealed that by 4 h after addition of spinach extract, the bacteria multiplied and escaped the vesicles. The presence of protozoa on leafy vegetables and their sequestration of enteric bacteria in vesicles indicate that they may play an important role in the ecology of human pathogens on produce.
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Clarholm, Marianne. "Interactions of bacteria, protozoa and plants leading to mineralization of soil nitrogen." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17, no. 2 (January 1985): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90113-0.

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Yan, Ling, Ronald L. Cerny, and Jeffrey D. Cirillo. "Evidence that hsp90 Is Involved in the Altered Interactions of Acanthamoeba castellanii Variants with Bacteria." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 3 (June 2004): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.3.567-578.2004.

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ABSTRACT There are many similarities between the interactions of environmental protozoa with pathogenic bacterial species and those observed in mammalian macrophages. Since single-celled protozoa predate mammalian hosts, it is likely that interactions in environmental biofilms have selected for many of the bacterial virulence mechanisms responsible for human disease. In order to better understand bacterial-phagocyte interactions, we developed a selection for Acanthamoeba castellanii variants that are more resistant to killing by bacterial pathogens. We identified four amoebal clones that display decreased phagocytosis of bacteria but no difference in uptake of latex beads compared to wild-type amoebae. These amoebal variants display differences in cellular morphology, partial resistance to killing by bacteria, more bactericidal activity, and higher frequencies of lysosome fusion with the bacterial vacuole. Three proteins are present at lower levels in these variants than in wild-type amoebae, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry allowed identification of two of them as actin and hsp90. We found that specific inhibitors of hsp90 produce a similar phenotypic effect in macrophages. These data suggest that hsp90 plays a role in phagocytic and, possibly, bactericidal pathways that affect interactions of phagocytic cells with bacteria.
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Pinto, Ameet J., and Nancy G. Love. "Bioreactor Function under Perturbation Scenarios Is Affected by Interactions between Bacteria and Protozoa." Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 14 (July 6, 2012): 7558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es301220f.

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Newbold, C. J., P. W. Griffin, and R. J. Wallace. "Interactions between rumen bacteria and ciliate protozoa in their attachment to barley straw." Letters in Applied Microbiology 8, no. 2 (February 1989): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1989.tb00224.x.

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Yu, Jiangkun, Liyuan Cai, Jiacai Zhang, Ao Yang, Yanan Wang, Lei Zhang, Le Luo Guan, and Desheng Qi. "Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081160.

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This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.
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Montelongo-Jauregui, Daniel, and Jose Lopez-Ribot. "Candida Interactions with the Oral Bacterial Microbiota." Journal of Fungi 4, no. 4 (November 3, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof4040122.

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The human oral cavity is normally colonized by a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, Archaea, viruses, and protozoa. Within the different oral microenvironments these organisms are often found as part of highly organized microbial communities termed biofilms, which display consortial behavior. Formation and maintenance of these biofilms are highly dependent on the direct interactions between the different members of the microbiota, as well as on the released factors that influence the surrounding microbial populations. These complex biofilm dynamics influence oral health and disease. In the latest years there has been an increased recognition of the important role that interkingdom interactions, in particular those between fungi and bacteria, play within the oral cavity. Candida spp., and in particular C. albicans, are among the most important fungi colonizing the oral cavity of humans and have been found to participate in these complex microbial oral biofilms. C. albicans has been reported to interact with individual members of the oral bacterial microbiota, leading to either synergistic or antagonistic relationships. In this review we describe some of the better characterized interactions between Candida spp. and oral bacteria.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacteria-protozoa interactions"

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Moreno, Ana Maria Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Understanding bacteria-protozoa interactions: from grazing resistance mechanisms to carbon flow in bacteria-protozoa food webs." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41446.

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Bacteria-protozoa interactions are one of the oldest between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. As such, their study offers a unique opportunity to understand the different relationships that have evolved between them, including pathogenesis, and how their interaction can affect some important processes, such as wastewater treatment. In the first part of the work described here, the grazing defence mechanisms employed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa against the surface grazer, Acanthamoeba castellanii, were investigated. P. aeruginosa cells from early logarithmic growth and stationary phase were found to use different defence strategies. The type-III secretion system (T3SS) was found to be responsible for cytotoxicity of early logarithmic growth cells against A. castellanii. Of the three exotoxins produced by P. aeruginosa PA99, the phospholipase ExoU was found to make the greatest contribution to bacterial toxicity against the amoebae. Interestingly, a PA99null mutant that does not produce any known exotoxins but synthesises a secretion apparatus, was also found to be toxic to the amoeba, suggesting that the T3SS was being used to translocate other unknown toxins. Quorum sensing regulated virulence factor production was found to be involved in the grazing defence response of stationary phase P. aeruginosa cells. A. castellanii was found to be most susceptible to hydrogen cyanide and elastase produced during late logarithmic and stationary phase. In the second part, a stable isotope probing method was developed to investigate carbon flow through bacteria-protozoa food webs in activated sludge. The method was subsequently used to track carbon from bicarbonate and acetate through bacteria-orotozoa food webs under ammonia oxidising and nitrate reducing conditions. It was found that the Peritrich ciliate Campanella umbellaria, dominated the acquisition of carbon from bacteria with access to CO2 under ammonia oxidising conditions. Thus it appears that some of these bacteria must live in the plankton, as C. umbellaria is a filter feeder. No specific protozoan groups were found to dominate carbon acquisition from bacteria with access to acetate, under nitrate reducing conditions, probably due to label dilution. Overall the results presented here showed how bacteria-protozoa interactions have shaped infectious processes in higher eukaryotes, and the dynamics of carbon flow in activated sludge.
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English, Joanna. "The potential for interactions between protozoa and coliform bacteria in freshwater biofilms." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421614.

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Books on the topic "Bacteria-protozoa interactions"

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Sirová, Dagmara, Jiří Bárta, Jakub Borovec, and Jaroslav Vrba. The Utricularia-associated microbiome: composition, function, and ecology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0025.

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This chapter reviews current advances regarding plant–microbe interactions in aquatic Utricularia. New findings on the composition and function of trap commensals, based mainly on the advances in molecular methods, are presented in the context of the ecological role of Utricularia-associated microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa colonize the Utricularia trap lumen and form diverse, interactive communities. The involvement of these microbial food webs in the regeneration of nutrients from complex organic matter is explained and their potential contribution to the nutrient acquisition in aquatic Utricularia is discussed. The Utricularia–commensal system is suggested to be a suitable model system for studying plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions and related ecological questions.
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Kirchman, David L. Symbioses and microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0014.

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The book ends with a chapter devoted to discussing interactions between microbes and higher plants and animals. Symbiosis is sometimes used to describe all interactions, even negative ones, between organisms in persistent, close contact. This chapter focuses on interactions that benefit both partners (mutualism), or one partner while being neutral to the other (commensalism). Microbes are essential to the health and ecology of vertebrates, including Homo sapiens. Microbial cells outnumber human cells on our bodies, aiding in digestion and warding off pathogens. In consortia similar to the anaerobic food chain of anoxic sediments, microbes are essential in the digestion of plant material by deer, cattle, and sheep. Different types of microbes form symbiotic relationships with insects and help to explain their huge success in the biosphere. Protozoa are crucial for wood-boring insects, symbiotic bacteria in the genus Buchnera provide sugars to host aphids while obtaining essential amino acids in exchange, and fungi thrive in subterranean gardens before being harvested for food by ants. Symbiotic dinoflagellates directly provide organic material to support coral growth in exchange for ammonium and other nutrients. Corals are now threatened worldwide by rising oceanic temperatures, decreasing pH, and other human-caused environmental changes. At hydrothermal vents in some deep oceans, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria fuel an entire ecosystem and endosymbiotic bacteria support the growth of giant tube worms. Higher plants also have many symbiotic relationships with bacteria and fungi. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes and other plants fix more nitrogen than free-living bacteria. Fungi associated with plant roots (“mycorrhizal”) are even more common and potentially provide plants with phosphorus as well as nitrogen. Symbiotic microbes can provide other services to their hosts, such as producing bioluminescence, needed for camouflage against predators. In the case of the bobtail squid, bioluminescence is only turned on when populations of the symbiotic bacteria reach critical levels, determined by a quorum sensing mechanism.
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Kirchman, David L. Processes in Microbial Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.001.0001.

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Processes in Microbial Ecology discusses the major processes carried out by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and other protists—the microbes—in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The book shows how advances in genomic and other molecular approaches have uncovered the incredible diversity of microbes in natural environments and unraveled complex biogeochemical processes carried out by uncultivated bacteria, archaea, and fungi. The microbes and biogeochemical processes are affected by ecological interactions, including competition for limiting nutrients, viral lysis, and predation by protists in soils and aquatic habitats. The book links up processes occurring at the micron scale to events happening at the global scale, including the carbon cycle and its connection to climate change issues. The book ends with a chapter devoted to symbiosis and other relationships between microbes and large organisms, which have large impacts not only on biogeochemical cycles, but also on the ecology and evolution of large organisms, including Homo sapiens.
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Book chapters on the topic "Bacteria-protozoa interactions"

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Verma, Himanshi, Meghna Jindal, and Shabir A. Rather. "Bacterial Siderophores for Enhanced Plant Growth." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 314–31. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.ch011.

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The soil is a repository of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Among these, more bacteria are found, most of which are located in the rhizosphere region of the soil. The rhizosphere, under the direct control of plant root secretions, is the complex, narrow area of the soil. It is densely populated with microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that interact with the plants. These interactions influence the growth of the plant directly or indirectly. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inhabiting the rhizosphere colonizes the plant roots and increases plant growth via different mechanisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient required by almost all life forms including plants. Oxidation of Fe2+ (soluble) to Fe3+ (insoluble) due to the soil's aerobic conditions limits its bioavailability. Siderophores are selective low molecular weight ferric ion chelators secreted by bacteria to acquire iron from the surrounding. They bind to iron (Fe3+) with high specificity as well as high affinity. By helping the insolubilisation of iron, it promotes the growth and yield.
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Conference papers on the topic "Bacteria-protozoa interactions"

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Martín-González, A., M. T. García, C. Pelaz, and J. C. Gutiérrez. "Microbial Pandora's box : Interactions of free living protozoa with human pathogenic bacteria." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0064.

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