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Mulyani, Putri Dwi, Muhammad Rizky Ulil Albab, and Yekti Asih Purwestri. "Characterization of Lignocellulolytic Bacteria from Gut of Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae)." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2737.
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A total of 10 bacterial isolates have been isolated from the gut of termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae) and are known to have the ability to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes consisting of cellulase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase. The enzymatic ability allows these bacteria to be used as a source of new enzymes in the industrial world. However, further research on the character of bacteria to support identification has not been carried out. This study aims to characterize lignocellulolytic bacteria in the gut of termites morphologically and biochemically. Morphological observations were carried out including colony shape, colony edge, colony color, growth type, bacterial cell shape, and gram staining. Meanwhile, the biochemical characterization carried out included glucose fermentation test, indole formation, starch hydrolysis, catalase test, and nitrate reduction. The results showed that ten isolates of lignocellulolytic bacteria from the gut of termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae) grew facultatively anaerobic, had almost similar morphological characters, with colony shapes including irregular and filamentous, colony edges in the form of lobate, undulate, and filamentous, and coloration. Colonies are white to yellowish white. The result of gram staining showed that most of the bacteria were gram positive bacteria with coccus and bacillus shaped bacterial cells. Biochemical analysis showed that these bacteria have the ability to ferment glucose, hydrolyze starch, reduce hydrogen peroxide (HâââOâââ 30%) and reduce nitrate.ÃÂ
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Rahayu, Yuni Sri. "Isolation and Identification of Hydrocarbon Degradation Bacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Oil Contaminated Soil in Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v4i1.14923.
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Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbon complexes with organic compounds from sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and metal-containing compounds. These organic compounds can be used as substrate for bacterial growth. This study aimed to isolate and identify hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria in oil-contaminated soil in Bojonegoro. This study used an exploration method to find each of the two types of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria from soil samples in Bojonegoro that contaminated by oil. Identification of isolates bacterial included macroscopic observations of bacteria, gram staining on bacterial cells and physiological tests. Macroscopic observations include the form of colonies, colony diameter, colony color, colony edge, and elevation. The physiological test using Microbact Identification System to determine the physiological characteristics of bacteria so that genera and types of bacteria can be known. The identification of organisms was based on changes in pH and use of the substrate. The results of data analysis were obtained from five types of bacteria from soil samples that contaminated by oil which were successfully isolated. After identification of species was done, four species of bacteria were obtained, namely Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Pseudomonas fluorescens-25, Flavobacterium odoratum, and Enterococcus sp.
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Agustina, Ninik, Eka Nurrahema Ning Asih, and Ary Giri Dwi Kartika. "Jenis Gram dan Morfologi Koloni Bakteri Air Baku Garam." Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Lesser Sunda 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jikls.v2i1.44.
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Halophilic bacteria are bacteria that can survive in environments with high salt levels, one of which is in salt ponds. Therefore, it is necessary to research to determine the morphology of halophilic bacteria for further use in the identification of bacterial species. This study aimed to determine the colony morphology and types of gram halophilic bacteria. Isolation of halophilic bacteria was carried out using the scatter method. Bacterial purification was carried out by streak method, then morphology identification and bacterial staining were carried out to determine the cell shape and gram of bacteria. The isolation results obtained 4 isolates from raw water (B.AB.1) and reservoir (B.B.1, B.B.2, and B.B.3). The results of the identification of the colony morphology of each bacterial isolate had different colors, shapes, colony edges, elevations, and surfaces. The results of the gram staining test showed that 2 isolates (B.B.1 and B.B.2) were gram-positive and 2 bacterial isolates (B.AB.1 and B.B.3) were gram-negative. The isolates of B.AB.1, B.B.2 and B.B.3 were in the form of bacilli, while the isolates of B.B1 were in the form of cocci.
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Azzahra, Shania Corolla, Yunus Effendy, and Sudono Slamet. "Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Asal Tanah Desa Akar-Akar, Lombok Utara." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 6, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v6i2.662.
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<p><strong>Plant Root Growth Promoting Bacteria or PGPR are bacteria that colonize plant rooting areas or the rhizosphere to increase the quality or quantity of plant growth. PGPR can provide dissolved phosphate for plants to be absorbed by the plant root system since 95-99% of phosphate in nature is present in insoluble form. Soil samples from different irrigation systems from Akar-akar village were isolated through serial dilution techniques and grown on NA media shown that the higher the dilution, the fewer colonies that grew on the media. Macroscopic and microscopic observations were made to see the criteria for bacteria, shown that the bacteria in the three soil samples were gram negative and was known that bacillus and cocobacillus bacteria present in the three soil samples. Coccus bacteria was found in soil without irrigation and drip-surface irrigated soil, while streptococcus bacteria was found in drip-surface and drip-subsurface irrigated soil. As many as 22 bacterial isolates were isolated and grown on Pikovskaya media, only one bacterial colony was phosphate solvent through a clear zone that grew around the bacterial colony. The bacterial colony has a phosphate dissolving index (IPF) of 250, the ratio between colony diameter and clear zone diameter was 1: 1.5.</strong></p><p><strong>Keywords – </strong><em>PGPR, Drip-surface irrigated soil, Drip-subsurface irrigated soil</em></p>
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Simu, Karin, Karin Holmfeldt, Ulla Li Zweifel, and Åke Hagström. "Culturability and Coexistence of Colony-Forming and Single-Cell Marine Bacterioplankton." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (August 2005): 4793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4793-4800.2005.
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ABSTRACT Culturability and coexistence of bacterioplankton exhibiting different life strategies were investigated in the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak Sea. Bacterial numbers were estimated using a dilution-to-extinction culturing assay (DCA) and calculated as the most probable number, based on six different methods to detect bacterial growth in the DCA. Irrespective of the method used to detect growth, the fraction of multiplying cells never exceeded 10%, using the total count of 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stainable cells as a reference. Furthermore, the data also showed that non-colony-forming bacteria made up the majority of the viable cells, confirming molecular results showing dominance of non-colony-forming bacteria in clone libraries. The results obtained are in agreement with previous observations, indicating that bacterial assemblages in seawater are dominated by small, active subpopulations coexisting with a large group of inactive cells. The ratio of colony-forming to non-colony-forming bacteria was approximately 10 to 20 times higher in the brackish Baltic Sea than in the Skagerrak Sea. These two sea areas differ in (for example) their levels of bacterial production, dissolved organic carbon, and salinity. We suggest that the relative importance of colony-forming versus non-colony-forming bacterioplankton may be linked to environmental characteristics.
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Hengkengbala, Sabrina I., Rosita AJ Lintang, Deiske A. Sumilat, Remy EP Mangindaan, Elvy Like Ginting, and Sipriana Tumembouw. "KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM PROTEASE BAKTERI SIMBION NUDIBRANCH." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 9, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.3.2021.36672.
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One type of enzyme whose application is very widespread is protease enzymes. Microorganisms that have not been widely explored as a source of protease enzymes are bacteria that are in conjunction with Nudibranch. The study aims to identify the morphological characteristics of bacteria, then determine the hydrolysis ability of protease enzymes from bacteria symbiont Nudibranch. Identification of morphological characteristics is done macroscopic, and microscopic with gram staining. Proteolytic activity tests are performed qualitatively by measuring the proteolytic index of bacteria grown on Skim Milk Agar medium. The results of macroscopic identification of symbiotic bacteria with Nudibranch are dominated by irregular colony shapes, undulated edges, growth of the entire colony has a flat height, milky white colony color, buttery texture and opaque bacterial colonies. Based on microscopic identification, two gram-negative isolates are obtained, namely RL.S14, S1.1.1, and gram positive isolates, namely AK.S00, AK.S01, AK.S02, AK.S03, S.PP1, RL.S6, S2.1.5, S2.2.1, S3.3.1, S3.3.4, RL.S10. Nudibranch symbiont Bacterial has colony cells were dominated by the diplobacillus form. The results of the protease activity test of Nudibranch symbiont bacteria showed that 12 positive isolates had proteolytic activity with the highest proteolytic index produced by isolate AK.S00, which was 2.5 mm. Keywords: Nudibranch, symbiotic bacteria, characteristics, protease
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P., Yendania Grevitara, Badriyatur Rahma F., Hellen Septirangga P., Irma Dahlia Y., and Endang Suarsini. "Isolation and Identification of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria from Banana Peel Compost." El-Hayah 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/elha.v7i1.7241.
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Cellulolytic bacteria are bacteria that have the ability to hydrolyze cellulose complexes into smaller oligosaccharides and eventually become glucose. Glucose is used as a carbon and energy source for bacterial growth. This study was conducted to isolate the cellulose degrading bacteria from banana peel compost that produce cellulose enzymes based on the clear zone that visible around the colony. The cellulolytic activity was determined by the ability of bacteria to hydrolyze the Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) substrate. Determination of cellulolytic activity is known based on cellulolytic index calculation, the diameter total minus the diameter of the colony and divided by the diameter of the colony. The result of five bacterial isolates was found but only one bacterium had the potential to be a cellulose degradation. Based on the Microbact Gram-Negative Identification System, the bacterium is Burkholderia cepacia. These bacteria have an important role in nature as decomposers of various complex compounds, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin.
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Klimaszyk, Piotr, and Piotr Rzymski. "Impact of cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis L.) colonies on microbial pollution in lakes." Limnological Review 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2013-0015.
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AbstractDuring 2009-2011 we investigated the effect of perennial and roosting cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) colonies on microbial pollution in 3 lakes: Góreckie (Greater Poland National Park), Chrzypsko (Greater Poland Province) and Ostrowiec (Drawa National Park). On Lake Góreckie cormorants formed a roosting colony (<200 individuals) that inhabited part of the lake shore. On Lake Chrzypsko a new breeding colony was formed (3 nests) while the breeding colony on Lake Ostrowiec, established over 40 years ago, consisted of over 170 breeding pairs. In the case of Lake Ostrowiec, high pollution with coliform bacteria (including Escherichia coli) was observed. Compared to the control station the significantly higher Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliform bacteria was found in groundwater under the colony. It was found that bacterial counts decreased in the direction of the centre of the water body with the highest numbers noted in the lake samples collected within the colony boundaries. Furthermore, seasonal variations in coliform bacteria were also observed with maximum densities during the breeding season. Similar trends were observed for the roosting colony on Lake Góreckie while for the newly forming colony on Lake Chrzypsko increased density of investigated bacteria was noted only in groundwater.
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Songtanin, Busara, Christopher J. Peterson, Adebayo J. Molehin, and Kenneth Nugent. "Biofilms and Benign Colonic Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 14259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214259.
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The colon has a very large surface area that is covered by a dense mucus layer. The biomass in the colon includes 500–1000 bacterial species at concentrations of ~1012 colony-forming units per gram of feces. The intestinal epithelial cells and the commensal bacteria in the colon have a symbiotic relationship that results in nutritional support for the epithelial cells by the bacteria and maintenance of the optimal commensal bacterial population by colonic host defenses. Bacteria can form biofilms in the colon, but the exact frequency is uncertain because routine methods to undertake colonoscopy (i.e., bowel preparation) may dislodge these biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms represent a complex community that includes living and dead bacteria and an extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA, and exogenous debris in the colon. The formation of biofilms occurs in benign colonic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. The development of a biofilm might serve as a marker for ongoing colonic inflammation. Alternatively, the development of biofilms could contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders by providing sanctuaries for pathogenic bacteria and reducing the commensal bacterial population. Therapeutic approaches to patients with benign colonic diseases could include the elimination of biofilms and restoration of normal commensal bacteria populations. However, these studies will be extremely difficult unless investigators can develop noninvasive methods for measuring and identifying biofilms. These methods that might include the measurement of quorum sensing molecules, measurement of bile acids, and identification of bacteria uniquely associated with biofilms in the colon.
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Rizqoh, Debie, Wulan Okta Kumala, Sipriyadi Sipriyadi, Besly Sinuhaji, and Oktoviani Oktoviani. "Potensi Bakteri Endofit Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC.) Menghambat Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi pada Manusia." JUMANTIK (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Kesehatan) 6, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jumantik.v6i3.8866.
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<em>Endophytic bacteria are a beneficial bacteria that live in plant tissue. Several studies have shown that certain endophytic bacteria can produce secondary metabolites that have health effects. The andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) have several properties, one of which is as antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria. The most common bacterial infections in humans are caused by commensal bacteria in the body such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study used a qualitative data collection method with the type of experimental laboratory research to isolate the endophytic bacteria andaliman which had been tested against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The initial stage were isolation of endophytic bacteria and observation of colony characteristics, after obtaining isolates with different colony characteristics, a Gram stain test and a antagonist test for pathogenic bacteria were carried out. In this study, 252 colonies grew and there were 85 isolates with different colony characteristics. From all the isolates, there were two isolates that could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and seventeen isolates that could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.</em>
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Alfinito, Eleonora, Maura Cesaria, and Matteo Beccaria. "Did Maxwell Dream of Electrical Bacteria?" Biophysica 2, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica2030026.
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We propose a model for bacterial Quorum Sensing based on an auxiliary electrostatic-like interaction originating from a fictitious electrical charge that represents bacteria activity. A cooperative mechanism for charge/activity exchange is introduced to implement chemotaxis and replication. The bacteria system is thus represented by means of a complex resistor network where link resistances take into account the allowed activity-flow among individuals. By explicit spatial stochastic simulations, we show that the model exhibits different quasi-realistic behaviors from colony formation to biofilm aggregation. The electrical signal associated with Quorum Sensing is analyzed in space and time and provides useful information about the colony dynamics. In particular, we analyze the transition between the planktonic and colony phases as the intensity of Quorum Sensing is varied.
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Kusumasari, Wiwi, Ana Indrayati, and Lukito Mindi Cahyo. "AKTIVITAS PROTEASE EKSTRASELULER BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU." Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v6i1.1266.
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Tofu waste that is discharged into the aquatic environment has a negative impact on the quality of the water around the tofu liquid waste disposal site. Industrial enzyme production is currently dominated by proteases. Proteases in the pharmaceutical field support the absorption of proteins in the digestive tract, as active cosmetic ingredients. This study aims to isolate, identify protease-producing bacteria from tofu wastewater, determine the total protein content and enzyme activity index of 5 isolates of protease-producing bacteria. Tofu wastewater bacteria were isolated with Skim Milk Agar medium. 5 bacterial isolates were selected which produced the widest clear zones, different colony characters, identified by morphological tests, gram staining tests, and biochemical tests. Five isolates were made into a bacterial suspension isolated from crude protease extract and the protease level was determined using the Bicinchoninic Acid method, and the protease activity was tested. Five bacterial colonies showed that colony 1 and colony 2 included Gram positive bacteria, colonies 3, 4 and 5 included Gram negative bacteria. The value of total protein content in the tofu industrial wastewater from the five colonies respectively: 219.93; 833,267; 421,267; 81,267; and 38.6 µg/µL. The highest proteolytic activity test was in sample 2 of 2.13.
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Kapali, Dibyak, Elisha Shakya, Divya Pradhan, Elina Sigdel, Jyoti Shah, and Srijana Thapaliya. "Microbial Assessment of Solid Waste and Bioaerosol Associated with Open Dumping Sites of the Kathmandu City, Nepal." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 8, no. 3 (2023): 055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.83.7.
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The study aims to isolate and identify bacteria and fungi (mold) present in solid waste and its associated bioaerosol in the Kathmandu city. A total of 10 samples; 5 different solid waste samples and 5 different bioaerosol samples, collected from 5 open dumping sites in the Kathmandu city, were transported to the microbiology laboratory of St. Xavier’s College for processing. Standard microbiological procedures were followed for the identification of isolates. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates following CLSI 2020 standards. In the collected solid waste samples, the bacterial colony count ranged from 1.27 × 108 to 2.8 × 108 CFU/ml, whereas the fungi colony count ranged from 1 × 105 to 4 × 105 CFU/ml. Bacterial colony counts from bioaerosol samples ranged from 116 to >300 CFU/90mm/15 minutes, whereas fungi colony counts were between 2 and 6 CFU/90mm/15 minutes. Out of 48 bacteria and 34 molds identified, Bacillus spp. (27%) and Aspergillus niger (29%) were found to be predominant than other isolates. Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from solid waste samples of dump site S3 showed maximum resistance to the different antibiotics used. The common microbial isolates from solid waste samples and bioaerosol samples included 7 different bacteria and 4 different molds. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pathogenic fungi in waste dump sites pose public health-related risks.
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Matsushita, M., F. Hiramatsu, N. Kobayashi, T. Ozawa, Y. Yamazaki, and T. Matsuyama. "Colony formation in bacteria: experiments and modeling." Biofilms 1, no. 4 (October 2004): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479050505001626.
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We present experimental results of colony formation in bacteria as an example of pattern formation resulting from reproduction and movement in biological populations. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is known to exhibit at least five distinct types of colony pattern, depending on the substrate softness and nutrient concentration: diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA), compact Eden-like, dense branching morphology (DBM), concentric ring-like, and disk. We established a morphological diagram of the colony patterns, and then examined and characterized both macroscopically and microscopically how the the colonies grow. There seem to be two kinds of bacterial cells – active and inactive – and the active form drives the colony interfaces outwards. The active cells may be clearly distinguished from the inactive ones as they form the characteristic fingernail-like structure at the tips of growing branches of the DBM colony. The concentric ring-like colony is formed as a consequence of repeated alternate migration and resting of the growing interface, the cycle time for which seems to be independent of the substrate softness and nutrient concentration. So far there have been several phenomenological models proposed to qualitatively explain or reproduce the patterns observed in bacterial colonies. A few of them are reviewed here, systematically and critically, in light of our experimental results.
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Karatepe, Fatih, Busra Tas, Ozlem Coskun, and Mesud Kahriman. "Detection of Escherichia Coli Bacteria by Using Image Processing Techniques." International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering 16 (March 27, 2022): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91011.2022.16.31.
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Recently, image processing has proven itself as a fast and reliable technique in research in medicine and biology. Bacterial colony separation is an important and time-consuming process in studies in the field of microbiology. Bacteria counting is usually carried out by the naked eye or even by Coulter counter machines, which are based on the rather expensive electric field measurement method. In this study, image-based enumeration of Escherichia Coli over the colony morphology in the petri dish was investigated. In the experimental study, 4 different bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family were planted on petri dishes containing Eosin-methylene blue agar (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Escherichia Coli colony characteristics were determined by digitizing planted bacterial petri images. For the study, counting was done with the interface developed in MATLAB R2013a. After the classification criteria were determined, the method was tested on new petri dishes and successful results were obtained.
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Hamid, Hamdini, Rabia’tul Aulia, and Rasmidar Samad. "Efektivitas penggunaan tongue scraper terhadap penurunan indeks tongue coating dan jumlah koloni bakteri anaerob lidah Effectivity of tongue scraper on reducing tongue coating and anaerobic bacteria colony count." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v10i1.249.
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Many microorganisms have been found colonizing the dorsum of tongue. To prevent infection and development ofother pathologies in oral cavity, tongue cleaning has been advocated to reduce the amount of coating andmicroorganism loading in the mouth. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of tongue cleaning using tonguescraper against tongue coating index and anaerobic bacterial colony count on tongue dorsum. This study wascarried out on 24 male and 16 female participants aged 11 to 17. Tongue coating index was used to assess tonguecoating and tongue samples were taken to count the bacterial colony. The result showed that there is a significantdifference tongue coating index (Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, p=0.000) and amount of anaerobic bacteria colony (tpairedtest, p=0.007)before and after using tongue scraper. In conclusion, tongue scraper can reduce tonguecoating index and there was significant difference in anaerobic bacteria colony count before and after using tonguescraper.
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Aswiyanti, I., I. Istiqomah, and A. Isnansetyo. "Isolation and identification of nitrifying bacteria from tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) pond in Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 919, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012054.
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Abstract This research aims to isolate and identify autochtonous nitrifying bacteria from tilapia pond in Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia for future application in aquaculture practices in the region. Bacteria were isolated using a nitrification medium. Bacterial characterization was carried out by non-pathogenic test to tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), and nitrification activity test in a single bacterial fermentation medium for 9 days. Bacterial identification was carried out based on the colony and cell morphologies, biochemical tests, and molecular analysis using the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. A total of 15 isolates of nitrifying bacteria were obtained. Four non-pathogenic isolates obtained the highest nitrification activity on the sixth day of incubation, with nitrate production of 17.26-21.54 ppm. Two selected bacteria, isolates A2 and A3, have colony morphology that is milky white, smooth surface, circular shape, entire edge, and convex elevation. Both bacteria are short rods, Gram-negative, non-motile, produce catalase, fermenting glucose, sucrose, and lactose, and do not produce oxidase, ornithine decarboxylase, indole, and H2S. Molecular analysis showed that the two isolates had the highest similarity (99.28% and 99.34%) to Klebsiella spp.
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BEN-JACOB, ESHEL, OFER SHOCHET, ADAM TENENBAUM, INON COHEN, ANDRAS CZIRÓK, and TAMÁS VICSEK. "COMMUNICATION, REGULATION AND CONTROL DURING COMPLEX PATTERNING OF BACTERIAL COLONIES." Fractals 02, no. 01 (March 1994): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x9400003x.
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We present a study of interfacial pattern formation during growth of bacterial colonies. Growth of bacterial colony bears similarities to but presents an inherent additional level of complexity compared to non-living systems. In the former case, the building blocks themselves are living systems each with its own autonomous self-interest and internal degrees of freedom. At the same time, efficient adaptation of the colony to adverse growth conditions requires self-organization on all levels — which can be achieved only via cooperative behavior of the bacteria. To do so, the bacteria have developed sophisticated communication channels on all levels. Here we present a non-local communicating walkers model to study the effect of local bacterium-bacterium interaction and communication via chemotaxis signaling. We demonstrate how communication enables the colony to develop complex patterns in response to adverse growth conditions. Efficient response of the colony requires self-organization on all levels, which can be achieved only via cooperative behavior of the bacteria. It can be viewed as the action of an interplay between the micro-level (the individual bacterium) and the macro-level (the colony) in the determination of the emerging pattern. Some qualitative features of the complex morphologies can be accounted for by invoking ideas from pattern formation in non-living systems together with a simplified model of chemotactic "feedback."
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Mohd Zahir, Nur Syarafina, Nabilah Huda Abdul Halim, and Hanani Ahmad Yusof. "Association of Oral Microbiota Properties on Hyaluronidase and Biofilm Formation." ASM Science Journal 15 (May 17, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2020.474.
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Correlation between hyaluronidase (Hyl) activity and biofilm detachment in a few bacterial species was found. However, it is unclear if this association applies to bacterial species or for more general bacterial characteristics. This study determined the association between biofilm production and Hyl activity among bacterial isolates from the oral cavity of healthy subjects, and its association with Gram staining group, colony surface morphology and bacteria shape. The swab was taken from the tongue, cheek and entire teeth surfaces of 35 subjects, and tested for biofilm through modified microtiter plate assay while Hyl production was screened through HA rapid plate method. Forty-four isolates were found, each 50% are Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria, with the majority are cocci and non-mucoid colony. More than 70% of isolates are moderate and strong; (n= 17, 38.6%) and (n=15, 34.1%) respectively for biofilm production; and 68.2% are Hyl producer. A significant association was found between Hyl and bacterial shape (p=0.018) and colony morphology (p=0.018), while other association is not significantly measured, including between Hyl and biofilm (p=0.659). This study showed that biofilm production is not affected by the characteristics of the bacteria to produce or not produce hyaluronidase. Meanwhile, Hyl production is prone in rod shape and mucoid isolates which need further investigations.
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Farisi, Salman, Wawan Abdullah Setiawan, and Suratman Umar. "ISOLATION OF Salmonella typhoid 16s rRNA GENE FRAGMENT BASED ON POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i2.157.
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Iridescent is one of the traditional fish fermentation products that has a sour taste and is widely known in various regions of Indonesia. In its metabolism LAB produces organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, CO2 and bacteriocin. These compounds are antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial decomposition. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity produced by lactic acid bacteria isolates from catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) inhibiting the growth of Escherecia coli. From iridescent obtained 9 isolates that have different characteristics from each other by the morphology of LAB isolate colonies which include colony color, colony shape, colony elevation and colony margin. After production of antibacterial, all isolates showed positive result when antibacterial tested againts Escherecia coli either in acidic condition or neutralized.
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Reddy, G. S., Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda, and Jainagesh A. Sekhar. "Nanostructured Surfaces that Show Antimicrobial, Anticorrosive, and Antibiofilm Properties." Key Engineering Materials 521 (August 2012): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.521.1.
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Provided in this article are the quantitative and qualitative morphological results describing the action of several nanostructured surfaces for bactericidal and bacteriostatic action. Results are also provided to illustrate microbial corrosion and its impact. Biofilm formation is correlated to colony formation. Nanostructured surfaces, i.e. surfaces with welded nanoparticles are noted to display biocidal activity with varying efficacies. Porous nanostructures, on stainless steel and copper substrates, made of high purity Ag, Ti, Al, Cu, MoSi2, and carbon nanotubes, are tested for their efficacy against bacterial colony formation for both gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria. Silver and Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) nanostructures are found to be the most effective bactericidal agents with MoSi2 being particularly effective in both low and high humidity conditions. Bacteriostatic activity is also noted. The nanostructured surfaces are tested by controlled exposures to several microbial species including (Gram+ve) bacteria such as Bacillus Cereus and (Gram-ve) bacteria such as Enterobacter Aerogenes. The resistance to simultaneous exposure from diverse bacterial species including Arthrobacter Globiformis, Bacillus Megaterium, and Cupriavidus Necator is also studied. The nanostructured surfaces were found to eliminates or delay bacterial colony formation, even with short exposure times, and even after simulated surface abrasion. The virgin 316 stainless steel and copper substrates, i.e. without the nanostructure, always displayed rapid bacterial colony evolution indicating the lack of antimicrobial action. The efficacy of the nanostructured surface against colony formation (bacterial recovery) for E-Coli (two strains) and virus Phi 6 Bacteriophage with a host Pseudomonas Syringae was also studied. Preliminary results are presented that also show possible anti-fungal properties by the nanostructured MoSi2. When comparing antimicrobial efficacy of flat polished surfaces (no curvature or nanostructure) with nanostructure containing surfaces (high curvature) of the same chemistry, shows that bacterial action results from both the nanostructure size and chemistry.
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Yusnia, Ella Dewi, Ida Bagus Wayan Gunam, and Nyoman Semadi Antara. "ISOLASI DAN SKRINING BAKTERI SELULOLITIK DARI BEBERAPA TANAH HUTAN DI BALI." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2019.v07.i01.p02.
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Soil is one habitats of the cellulolytic bacteria. Soil containing manure and decayed wood is habitation for cellulolytic bacteria. This research is aimed to isolate and screen cellulolytic bacteria from the soil in Bali that has the potentials to degrade cellulose. The soil samples ware taken from forest in Gunaksa-Klungkung, Telaga-Karangasem, Sukahat-Karangasem, Gilimanuk-Jembrana, and Mangrove forests in Suwung-Denpasar. Each single cellulolytic bacteria colonies which grown on solid media containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were isolated. Screening of cellulolytic bacteria using congo red 0,1 %, staining bacterial isolates which were created clear zones in around the colony were selected. The isolation result are 67 isolated cellulolytic bacteria covered in five soils sample. Twenty-one bacterial isolates were producing cellulase enzymes with an indication of a clear zone in around the colony. Nine superior isolates have high cellulolytic index (CI), namely: G2-8 (5.41), G1-4 (4.86), G2-10 (4.5), G2-2 (3.64), M1-5 (3.10), G2-5 (3.03), M2-12 (2.72), G1-1 (2.38), and M1-1 (2.21). The obtained highest percentage of filter paper (Whatman No.1) degradation was 8.32% and the lowest was 2.48%.
Keywords: forest soil, isolation, cellulolytic bacteria, congo red
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Proma, Farjana Hanif, Mohiuddin Khan Shourav, and Jungil Choi. "Post-Antibiotic Effect of Ampicillin and Levofloxacin to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Based on Microscopic Imaging Analysis." Antibiotics 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080458.
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Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is the continued suppression of bacterial growth following a limited exposure to an antimicrobial agent. The presence of PAE needs consequential consideration in designing antibiotic dosage regimens. To understand the behavior of bacteria, PAE provides information on how long antibiotics are applied to the bacteria. Conventional methods of measuring PAE depend on population detection and have limitations for understanding the individual behavior of bacteria. To observe the PAE, we utilized an imaging technique with the use of microscopy. Here, we discuss the microscopic image analysis system we used to study the PAE at a single-colony level. The size and number of colonies of bacteria were measured prior to and following antibiotic removal. We could count a single colony, see the development of the settlement prior to and following exposure of antibiotics and track the colony by microscopy according to the incubation time and the image processed by our own image processing program. The PAE of antibiotics was quantified by comparing bacteria size and number based on their exposure time. In our study, we discovered that the longer exposure of antibiotics causes the bacteria to be suppressed—even after washing the antibiotics from the solution. This finding suggests that microscopic imaging detection provides a new method for understanding PAE. In addition, the behavior of the cell in response to drugs and chemicals and their removal can be examined with the use of single colony analysis.
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Puspita, Fifi, Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono, Susilo Hambeg Poromarto, and Dewi Indriyani Roslim. "MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ENDOPHYTIC Bacillus sp." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2017.v05.i01.p07.
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Endophytic bacteria are the bacteria that live in plant tissues. In oil palm tissue there are many types of endophytic bacteria and have a role that can be beneficial for the plant, one of them is endophytic Bacillus sp. The aim of these research was to obtain morphology, physiology and molecular characteristics of endophytic Bacillus sp. originating from oil palm tissue. Sampling was done by random simple sampling method. Isolation of bacteria was performed on plant tissues such as roots, midribs, stems and leaves of oil palm plants. The results of morphological characterization such as colony color, colony shape and colony edge show similarity in each isolate but there are differences in the surface morphology of the colony, where there are 6 isolates with convex surface and 6 isolates with flat shape. Physiological test results such as catalase test, oxidase test, starch hydrolysis test, motility test and temperature effect test on bacterial growth showed positive results in each isolate. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA primers based on BLASTn shows that all isolates tested have similarities with Bacillus sp. Based on the phylogenetic tree it was found that the endophytic bacteria of Ba-B2 isolates were associated with Bacillus flexus with 100% consistency index grouped at a distance of 0.03 and Ba-P2 isolates were related to Bacillus substilis at a distance of 0.01 with an 89% consistency index.
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Zhang, Kun, and Min Rui Fei. "Histogram Based Bacteria Colony Features Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.1448.
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Features analysis is an important task which can significantly affect the performance of automatic bacteria colony picking. This paper presents a novel approach for adaptive colony segmentation by classifying the detected peaks of intensity histograms of images. The relevance and importance of these features can be determined in an improved support vector machine classifier using unascertained least square estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed unascertained support vector machine (USVM) has better recognition accuracy than the other state of the art techniques, and its training process takes less time than most of the traditional approaches presented in this paper.
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LE MOAL, G. W., P. LERAY, A. C. ROUDOT, D. THOUVENOT, and V. VASSEUR. "BACTERIA COLONY IDENTIFICATION USING VIDEO IMAGING." Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology 6, no. 2 (August 1998): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1998.tb00194.x.
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Timonen, Sari, and Thomas Hurek. "Characterization of culturable bacterial populations associating withPinus sylvestris–Suillus bovinusmycorrhizospheres." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-016.
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Bacterial isolations were carried out on Pinus sylvestris – Suillus bovinus mycorrhizospheres obtained directly from boreal pine forest. When samples were taken during dry weather, the numbers of bacterial colony-forming units were significantly higher in uncolonized short roots and external mycelia than in mycorrhizal roots and soil outside the mycorrhizosphere. In contrast, the colony-forming unit counts were similar in all hypogeous samples after rainy weather. Culturable bacteria were absent from most Suillus bovinus sporocarps. The bacteria isolated from all types of mycorr hizo sphere samples, i.e. short roots, mycorrhizal roots, and external mycelia, consisted primarily of Burkholderia spp., whereas most isolates from soil outside the mycorrhizosphere were identified as Paenibacillus spp. This study shows that mycorrhizal external mycelia can expand the habitat favourable for common rhizosphere bacteria into the soil far from the immediate rhizosphere. Some of these bacteria may help the trees with nitrogen acquisition, since potentially diazotrophic bacteria harbouring nitrogenase reductase (nifH) genes were isolated from mycorrhizal root tips.Key words: boreal forest soil, Burkholderia, ectomycorrhiza, nitrogen fixation, Paenibacillus.
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Safika, Safika, Siti Wardianah Matondang, Darmawi Darmawi, Mahdi Abral, Erina Erina, and M. Jalaluddin. "9. Total colony of cellulolitic bacteria in the rumen of aceh cattle." Jurnal Medika Veterinaria 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/j.med.vet..v11i1.3411.
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The aim of this study was to count the total sum of cellulolitic bacteria colony in aceh cattle rumen. The sample used was aceh cattle rumen liquid which taken from salughtered house in Banda Aceh. Aceh cattle rumen liquid were diluted from 10-2 to 10-5, then inoculated to agar BHM-CMC media with pour plate method. Petri dish was entered to candle jar to be incubated in an incubator with temperature 37oC about 96 hours. Colony of cellulolitic bacteria which were grown then were observed by using colony bacteria criteria (colour, position, edge, and diameter of colony), counting total of bacteria which was grown, and Gram staining. The results showed that there is a white translucent colony morphology, growth inside agar, smooth periphery, Gram-positive bacil. The average number bacteria of total bacteria in the cattle rumen liquid was 4,81 x 105 cfu/ml
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Prasad, Laxmi, B. B. Nayak, and A. K. Reddy. "Bacterial flora associated with the selected life stages and organs of farmed giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 2087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1095.
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Bacteria associated with different life stages of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) were analyzed. The gill, hepatopancreas, haemolymph of brood and juveniles as well as the egg, larvae and larval rearing water were sampled to understand the quantity and the quality of bacteria associated with the animals.A total number of 93 representative isolates were identified. The identified bacterial isolates could be distributed in to 14 genera. A mean bacterial total plate count (TPC) of 4.5x105 colony forming units (cfu) g-1 in eggs, 6.0x106 cfu g-1 in larvae and 4.6x105 cfu ml-1 in water were observed. Among all the organs highest TPC of 3.5x107 cfu g-1 were observed in juvenile’s gills. The brood haemolymph was found to be devoid of any bacteria. Identification of isolates representing different colony morphotype indicated that 89.77% of the bacterial population was gram negative dominated by Aeromonas hydrophilla (16.74%), Enterobacter aerogenes (12.09%) and Citrobacter frundii (10.16%). Among Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus, Streptococcus and Micrococcus were identified. Study of quantitative and qualitative aspects of bacterial prevalence with the different life stages of M. rosenbergii would be helpful in identification of disease causing bacteria and therefore in better management of M.rosenbergii culture.
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Maeda, Yoshiaki, Yui Sugiyama, Atsushi Kogiso, Tae-Kyu Lim, Manabu Harada, Tomoko Yoshino, Tadashi Matsunaga, and Tsuyoshi Tanaka. "Colony Fingerprint-Based Discrimination of Staphylococcus species with Machine Learning Approaches." Sensors 18, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092789.
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Detection and discrimination of bacteria are crucial in a wide range of industries, including clinical testing, and food and beverage production. Staphylococcus species cause various diseases, and are frequently detected in clinical specimens and food products. In particular, S. aureus is well known to be the most pathogenic species. Conventional phenotypic and genotypic methods for discrimination of Staphylococcus spp. are time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this issue, in the present study, we applied a novel discrimination methodology called colony fingerprinting. Colony fingerprinting discriminates bacterial species based on the multivariate analysis of the images of microcolonies (referred to as colony fingerprints) with a size of up to 250 μm in diameter. The colony fingerprints were obtained via a lens-less imaging system. Profiling of the colony fingerprints of five Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, and S. simulans) revealed that the central regions of the colony fingerprints showed species-specific patterns. We developed 14 discriminative parameters, some of which highlight the features of the central regions, and analyzed them by several machine learning approaches. As a result, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) showed high performance for discrimination of theses bacteria. Bacterial discrimination by colony fingerprinting can be performed within 11 h, on average, and therefore can cut discrimination time in half compared to conventional methods. Moreover, we also successfully demonstrated discrimination of S. aureus in a mixed culture with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that colony fingerprinting is useful for discrimination of Staphylococcus spp.
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Nomura, Shoko, Erike W. Sukowati, Yuko Shigeno, Maiko Takahashi, Akari Kato, Yoshimi Benno, Fumiyoshi Yamashita, and Hidefumi Mukai. "Blautia coccoides JCM1395T Achieved Intratumoral Growth with Minimal Inflammation: Evidence for Live Bacterial Therapeutic Potential by an Optimized Sample Preparation and Colony PCR Method." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 3 (March 19, 2023): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030989.
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We demonstrate that Blautia coccoides JCM1395T has the potential to be used for tumor-targeted live bacterial therapeutics. Prior to studying its in vivo biodistribution, a sample preparation method for reliable quantitative analysis of bacteria in biological tissues was required. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick outer layer of peptidoglycans, which hindered the extraction of 16S rRNA genes for colony PCR. We developed the following method to solve the issue; the method we developed is as follows. The homogenates of the isolated tissue were seeded on agar medium, and bacteria were isolated as colonies. Each colony was heat-treated, crushed with glass beads, and further treated with restriction enzymes to cleave DNAs for colony PCR. With this method, Blautia coccoides JCM1395T and Bacteroides vulgatus JCM5826T were individually detected from tumors in mice intravenously receiving their mixture. Since this method is very simple and reproducible, and does not involve any genetic modification, it can be applied to exploring a wide range of bacterial species. We especially demonstrate that Blautia coccoides JCM1395T efficiently proliferate in tumors when intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, these bacteria showed minimal innate immunological responses, i.e., elevated serum tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6, similar to Bifidobacterium sp., which was previously studied as a therapeutic agent with a small immunostimulating effect.
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KRAWCZYK, KRZYSZTOF, WITOLD DZWINEL, and DAVID A. YUEN. "NONLINEAR DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERIAL COLONY MODELED WITH CELLULAR AUTOMATA AND AGENT OBJECTS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, no. 10 (December 2003): 1385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103006199.
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Despite a number of different numerical techniques existing for modeling the uptake of the nutrients, metabolism, maintenance, cell division and growth of bacteria population, none of them can be treated as a universally one. In this new model we have combined two techniques. The first one — agent-based — has been used for modeling the behavior of an individual bacterium. The agent objects (AOs) define generic features of the bacterium and the ways they interact with the environment and with the neighboring bacteria. The cellular automata are used for modeling the bacterial environment and represent communication layer for the agents, while a fixed two-dimensional grid defines the living space. The growth of the bacterial colony depends on the amount of free space in the closest neighborhood of individuals, which is required for reproduction, and on the availability of nutrients. We have matched the parameters of the model to demonstrate various growth structures developed by bacteria populations. We show that the patterns generated by the bacteria due to their collective behavior reflect the dynamical vitality of population and its fitness factor. We observe that the strongest populations self-organize in rod-like structures, which are reproduced in experimental microscopy images characteristic for bioflims and anthrax bacterial colonies.
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Williams, H. N., H. Quinby, and E. Romberg. "Evaluation and use of a low nutrient medium and reduced incubation temperature to study bacterial contamination in the water supply of dental units." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-020.
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A low nutrient medium, dilute peptone, and reduced incubation temperatures (25 or 30 °C) were used to recover bacteria from dental unit water supply. Significantly greater numbers of bacterial colony-forming units were recovered on the dilute peptone medium than on the enriched media, blood agar or trypticase soy agar. Lower incubation temperatures yielded greater numbers of colony-forming units on all media. The bacterial population in dental unit water supply following stagnation in the supply lines and flushing of the lines was studied using dilute peptone incubated at 25 °C. No significant differences in the numbers of colony-forming units were found in stagnant water versus fresh water. Flushing the water lines for 10 min did not significantly reduce the numbers of colony-forming units.Key words: dental unit water, water contamination, bacterial contamination.
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Jarrett, Michael J., Andres Vázquez-Torres, Daniel N. Frank, Bruce D. McCollister, Patrick K. Henthorn, Diana Ir, Jeanelle Sheeder, Michael S. Guy, Hiba Q. Anwar, and Kian Behbakht. "Influence of Gelatin-Thrombin Matrix Tissue Sealant on Bacterial Colony Formation and Risk of Pelvic Infection." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2649708.
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Objective. Gelatin-thrombin matrix (GTM) tissue sealant use was previously identified as an independent predictor of pelvic infection following hysterectomies. We aim to elucidate contributing factors by assessing influence of GTM on bacterial colony formation and characterizing bacteria present at the vaginal cuff.Methods.Escherichia coliwas incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and pelvic washings with and without GTM to assess influence on colony formation. Pelvic washings of the vaginal cuff were collected from hysterectomies occurring from June through October 2015.In vitrotechniques, 16S rRNA gene qPCR, and 16S amplicon sequencing were performed with washings to characterize bacteria at the vaginal cuff.Results. Mean bacterial colony formation in PBS was greater forE. coliincubated in the presence of GTM (1.48 × 107 CFU/mL) versus without (9.95 × 105 CFU/mL) following 20-hour incubation (p=0.001). Out of 61 pelvic washings samples, 3 were culture positive (≥5000 CFU/mL) withEnterococcus faecalis.Conclusion.In vitroexperiments support a facilitating role of GTM on colony formation ofE. coliin PBS. However, given the negative results of surgical site washings following adequate disinfection, the role of GTM in promoting posthysterectomy pelvic infections may be limited. Analysis of pelvic washings revealed presence ofE. faecalis, but results were inconclusive. Further studies are recommended.
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Melzoch, K., J. Votruba, B. Sekavová, L. Piterková, and M. Rychtera. "Thermophilic bacteria colony growth and its consequences in the food industry." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, No. 1 (November 16, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3400-cjfs.
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The growth kinetics of thermophilic bacteria <i>Bacillus acidocaldarius</i> (CCM 3497), <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (CCMI 237), <i>Thermus aquaticus</i> (CCM 3488), <i>Thermus ruber</i> (CCM 4212), and <i>Thermus species</i> (CCM 4199) on solid media were studied in the temperature range of 40–60°C. The behaviour of bacterial colonies on agar plates was recorded with a digital camera during 160 hours of experiment. The growth of colony diameter was found to be linear with time at lower temperatures and an acceleration of the growth with time at suboptimal growth temperature 60°C was observed. A simple mathematical model describing the effect of irregular colony growth pattern on its rim can elucidate this unusual phenomenon.
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Faden, Howard, Joel Bernstein, John Stanievich, Linda Brodsky, and Pearay L. Ogra. "Effect of Prior Antibiotic Treatment on Middle Ear Disease in Children." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, no. 1 (January 1992): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949210100119.
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The effect of prior antibiotic treatment on the course of otitis media was assessed in a group of 62 children who experienced 83 episodes of ear infection during 3 years of observation. Bacterial quantitation in middle ear fluids demonstrated a significantly higher colony count in symptomatic children (3.9 × 104 ± 12 bacteria per milliliter) compared to asymptomatic children (6.3 × 103 ± 10 bacteria per milliliter; p = .05). Bacterial counts similarly tended to be higher in children with Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.0 × 106 ± 16 bacteria per milliliter) and Hemophilus influenzae (2.0 × 106 ± 16 bacteria per milliliter), who were more often symptomatic (73% and 55%, respectively, versus 38 %) than children with Moraxella catarrhalis (7.9 × 103 ± 2). Antibiotic therapy between 3 and 30 days prior to bacterial diagnosis was associated with a reduction in symptoms from 70% to 38% (p< .025). However, prior treatment did not statistically reduce bacterial colony counts, although S pneumoniae decreased 90% in the previously treated group. Resistance to ampicillin occurred in 0% of S pneumoniae, 39 % of nontypeable H influenzae, and 80% of M catarrhalis subjects without prior treatment and in 0%, 46%, and 100%, respectively, of subjects previously treated (p< .025). These data suggest that prior treatment has a significant impact on the subsequent course of otitis media in children.
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Agus Fitriyanto, Nanung, Samsul Hadi, Muhammad Imam Bahtiyar, Ragil Adi Prasetyo, and Yuny Erwanto. "Characterization and growth profile of proteolytic strain PK-4 isolated from local slaughterhouse wastewater." BIO Web of Conferences 28 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202803001.
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This study aims to characterize and to determine the growth profile of the proteolytic bacteria isolated from Giwangan slaughterhouse wastewater in Yogyakarta City, and to observe the optimum temperature as well as the pH condition for growing in the nutrient medium. Isolation of bacteria from slaughterhouse wastewater was done with a sample from 4 different locations. The isolates were then grown on a medium with a skim (at 0;0.5;1%;1.5 and 2%) and pH condition (at 7;8;9;10 and 11). The bacterial growth profile was measured based on the number of cells (CFU/mL), the size of the bacterial colony diameter, the diameter of the clear zone, and the proteolytic index. Strain PK4 was proved to have proteolytic activity. The characterization of Strain PK4 has shown for colony morphology with a circle shape, white color, flat edges, and convex elevation. The cell morphology was a cocci-shaped, red color, Gram-negative, and having a catalase-positive. The bacterial colony diameter, halo diameter, and proteolytic index were increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of skim milk addition. The optimal growth at the medium has reached by the addition of 1–2 % Skim and pH alkaline (>7). It could be concluded that Strain PK4 was classified as alkalophilic and had the potency as alkaline protease producing bacteria.
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Payment, Pierre. "Bacterial colonization of domestic reverse-osmosis water filtration units." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1065–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-178.
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We have analyzed the bacterial content of water from the reservoirs of 300 reverse-osmosis units installed in households. The heterotrophic plate counts on R2A medium (20 and 35 °C) ranged from 0 to 107 colony forming units per millilitre (cfu/mL). Most reservoirs contained water with bacterial counts between 104 and 105 cfu/mL. The bacteria identified were Pseudomonas (not aeruginosa), Alcaligenes or Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, and Chromobacterium. This report emphasizes the importance of bacterial colonization by heterotrophic bacteria in water reservoirs from domestic reverse-osmosis units.Key words: drinking water, bacteria, reverse-osmosis filter, regrowth.
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Culligan, Patrick, Michael Heit, Linda Blackwell, Miles Murphy, Carol A. Graham, and James Snyder. "Bacterial Colony Counts During Vaginal Surgery." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 3 (2003): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10647440300025515.
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Objective:To describe the bacterial types and colony counts present before and during vaginal surgery.Methods:A descriptive study was undertaken of patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy with or without reconstructive pelvic surgery. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were obtained immediately before and throughout the surgical cases at preselected time intervals. Standard antimicrobial prophylaxis was administered in all cases. Mean total colony counts and mean anaerobic colony counts were determined by adding all colonies regardless of bacteria type. ‘Contamination’ was defined as ≥ 5000 colony-forming units/ml.Results:A total of 31 patients aged 26 to 82 years (mean age ± SD, 51 ± 15) were included. The highest total and anaerobic colony counts were found at the first intraoperative time interval. On the first set of cultures (30 minutes after the surgical scrub), 52% (16/31) of the surgical fields were contaminated, and at 90 minutes, 41% (12/29) were contaminated. A negligible number of subsequent cultures were contaminated.Conclusions:Any future interventions designed to minimize bacterial colony counts should focus on the first 30 to 90 minutes of surgery.
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Grant, Matthew A. A., Bartłomiej Wacław, Rosalind J. Allen, and Pietro Cicuta. "The role of mechanical forces in the planar-to-bulk transition in growing Escherichia coli microcolonies." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 97 (August 6, 2014): 20140400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0400.
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Mechanical forces are obviously important in the assembly of three-dimensional multicellular structures, but their detailed role is often unclear. We have used growing microcolonies of the bacterium Escherichia coli to investigate the role of mechanical forces in the transition from two-dimensional growth (on the interface between a hard surface and a soft agarose pad) to three-dimensional growth (invasion of the agarose). We measure the position within the colony where the invasion transition happens, the cell density within the colony and the colony size at the transition as functions of the concentration of the agarose. We use a phenomenological theory, combined with individual-based computer simulations, to show how mechanical forces acting between the bacterial cells, and between the bacteria and the surrounding matrix, lead to the complex phenomena observed in our experiments—in particular the observation that agarose concentration non-trivially affects the colony size at transition. Matching these approaches leads to a prediction for how the friction between the bacteria and the agarose should vary with agarose concentration. Our experimental conditions mimic numerous clinical and environmental scenarios in which bacteria invade soft matrices, as well as shedding more general light on the transition between two- and three-dimensional growth in multicellular assemblies.
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NJOKU, K. L., O. F. OBIDI, and R. O. AKINYEDE. "IMPLICATION OF HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE ON MICROBIAL COLONY SIZE." Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029) 6, no. 2 (December 11, 2022): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/njls.v6i2.328.
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In this study, we evaluated the effect of heavy metals on colony size of microbes isolated from mechanic workshop soils in Iganmu and Bariga areas of Lagos state, Nigeria. Heterotrophic microbial counts in Bariga samples ranged from 3.74 × 105 to 2.98 ×106 and 9.5 × 104 to 5.4 × 105cfu/ml for bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. While for Iganmu, heterotrophic counts ranged from 2.73 × 105 to 1.46 × 106 and 5.1 × 104 to 3.8 × 105cfu/ml for bacteria and fungi respectively. To evaluate heavy metal tolerance and establish its relationship with colony morphology especially colony size, the isolated strains were subjected to PbCl2, NiSO4 and CdCl2 and a combination of the three heavy metal salts in the same ratio. After 96 hours, larger bacterial and fungal colonies (>100?m) were observed from 100-400mg/L and moderate (>50?m) to small (<25?m) colonies from 800-3200mg/L of individual heavy metals. The combination of heavy metals produced greater reduction in colony size at concentrations ranging from 300-1500mg/L. The various heavy metal tolerant bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, B.megaterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P.fluorescens, Acinetobacter baumanniiand Staphylococcus aureus) were identified using analytical profile index (API) kits while fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. tamari, A.flavus, Rhizopusstolonifer, R.arrhizusand Fusarium oxysporium) were identified by standard microbiological methods. The study established a positive correlation between microbial colony size and heavy metal concentration
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Putri, Neisya Intan Cahyaningtyas Agung, Ramadhani Ramadhani, and Eddy Bagus Wasito. "Gram Negative Bacteria (Escherichia coli) Win Against Gram Positive Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) in The Same Media." Biomolecular and Health Science Journal 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bhsj.v4i2.30177.
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Introduction: Biodiversity of the microorganism in Indonesia lead to the large amount of patient with infection. Human can get infected in two different place, with different kind of bacteria that cause the infection. This may lead to bacteremia without knowing which bacteria type whose causing it, either the Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria, whereas the treatment of this two types of bacteria are different. The aim of this study is to determine the doubling time of the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria when they are grown in the same lesion and the kinds of bacteria that we need to eliminate first.Methods: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were used as samples in this study. Bacterial culture in nutrient broth with 0.5 OD turbidity were mixed then incubated in incubator with 35˚C. Every one hour within 24 hour, 0.01 ml of bacterial culture was taken in serial dilutionover time, varying between 106 – 1012, . It was then planted in nutrient agar plate with droplets technique. After it had been incubated for 24 hours, we counted the Colony Forming Unit per ml (CFU/ml) to time, then the doubling time of the bacteria. The result were then compared between the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli group.Results: Two tailed t-test result of the doubling time between Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli was < 0,05 (p=0,000) wich means that there is significant difference of the doubling time between Staphylococcus aureus (24,35 ± 2,23 munites), and Escherichia coli (18,37 ± 0,50 minutes). When grown in the same media, Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) had slower doubling time than Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) as much as 1.32 times.Conclusion: In bacteremia with two possible kinds of bacterial suspect, we need to eliminate the Gram negative bacteria first.
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Eriksen, Rasmus Skytte, Sine L. Svenningsen, Kim Sneppen, and Namiko Mitarai. "A growing microcolony can survive and support persistent propagation of virulent phages." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708954115.
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Bacteria form colonies and secrete extracellular polymeric substances that surround the individual cells. These spatial structures are often associated with collaboration and quorum sensing between the bacteria. Here we investigate the mutual protection provided by spherical growth of a monoclonal colony during exposure to phages that proliferate on its surface. As a proof of concept we exposed growing colonies of Escherichia coli to a virulent mutant of phage P1. When the colony consists of less than ∼50,000 members it is eliminated, while larger initial colonies allow long-term survival of both phage-resistant mutants and, importantly, colonies of mostly phage-sensitive members. A mathematical model predicts that colonies formed solely by phage-sensitive bacteria can survive because the growth of bacteria throughout the colony exceeds the killing of bacteria on the surface and pinpoints how the critical colony size depends on key parameters in the phage infection cycle.
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Hashem Handool Al-Fattly, Hams Hussein. "Comparative Study of Bacteria and fungi air polluted Slaughterhouse of Al-Diwaniya City." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2013/v4i13923.
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This research was studied for the period between November 2012 – February 2013. which included compared the numbers and species of bacteria and fungi found in the air inside and around the slaughterhouse. The results of statistical analysis show significant differences between the numbers of bacterial colonies isolate of air between inside and around the slaughterhouse during the months of study especially during the first month of the study and during the second month for the fungal colonies with no significant differences between the numbers of colonies isolate of air inside and outside the slaughterhouse . Study proved that total numbers in the air was about 196 bacterial colony and 22 fungal colony for environment inside slaughterhouse and 266 bacterial colony and 43 fungal colony for environment around the slaughterhouse. The results showed that eight types of a bacteria was isolated : Staphylococcus aureus, formed highest appearance frequency (16.68% ) in both inside and around the slaughterhouse, E.coli (16.64% ), Streptococcus pyogenes (9.69%) , Bacillus subtilis(7.55%), Salmonella enterica (3.83%) , Enterococcus faecalis(15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.09%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.34%), and isolated and diagnosed five types of fungi from the air around the slaughterhouse which are: Aspergillus flavus, Asper. niger, Mucor sp., Pencillium notatum, Pencillium sp., and four types of fungi inside slaughterhouse expect Asper. niger, and was the highest appearance and frequency of the fungi in the inside and around Pencillium notatum (26.25%). This evidence of air pollution, the bacteria and fungi, have an important role both in spreading of diseases for humans and animals by the contamination of meat and in addition that are handled within the slaughterhouse and therefore dangerous to the health of the consumer to that air polluted in and around the slaughterhouse.
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Hashem Handool Al-Fattly, Hams Hussein. "Comparative Study of Bacteria and fungi air polluted Slaughterhouse of Al-Diwaniya City." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2013/v4i13923.
Full textAbstract:
This research was studied for the period between November 2012 – February 2013. which included compared the numbers and species of bacteria and fungi found in the air inside and around the slaughterhouse. The results of statistical analysis show significant differences between the numbers of bacterial colonies isolate of air between inside and around the slaughterhouse during the months of study especially during the first month of the study and during the second month for the fungal colonies with no significant differences between the numbers of colonies isolate of air inside and outside the slaughterhouse . Study proved that total numbers in the air was about 196 bacterial colony and 22 fungal colony for environment inside slaughterhouse and 266 bacterial colony and 43 fungal colony for environment around the slaughterhouse. The results showed that eight types of a bacteria was isolated : Staphylococcus aureus, formed highest appearance frequency (16.68% ) in both inside and around the slaughterhouse, E.coli (16.64% ), Streptococcus pyogenes (9.69%) , Bacillus subtilis(7.55%), Salmonella enterica (3.83%) , Enterococcus faecalis(15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.09%) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.34%), and isolated and diagnosed five types of fungi from the air around the slaughterhouse which are: Aspergillus flavus, Asper. niger, Mucor sp., Pencillium notatum, Pencillium sp., and four types of fungi inside slaughterhouse expect Asper. niger, and was the highest appearance and frequency of the fungi in the inside and around Pencillium notatum (26.25%). This evidence of air pollution, the bacteria and fungi, have an important role both in spreading of diseases for humans and animals by the contamination of meat and in addition that are handled within the slaughterhouse and therefore dangerous to the health of the consumer to that air polluted in and around the slaughterhouse.
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Pavani, Y., B. Mallaiah, V. Ramya, M. V. Nagesh Kumar, S. Triveni, and B. Vidyasagar. "Isolation and Characterization of Bacterial Endophytes from Maize Genotypes Varying in Resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (August 14, 2023): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102636.
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The present work aims to isolate and characterize the bacterial endophytes associated with different maize genotypes varying in resistance to disease reaction against Macrophomina phaseolina. A total of 50 endophytic bacteria were isolated from root and stem of healthy maize plants at 30 DAS, 60 DAS by using two different media like TSA, NA medium and maximum number of endophytic bacterial population were recovered from root followed by stem in all the genotypes and TSA medium was found to be the most suitable medium for deciphering maximum endophytic bacterial diversity. The isolated bacterial endophytes were characterized on the basis of morphological parameters viz., size, shape, colour, margin and texture, elevation, gram staining reaction and it was observed that Gram positive bacteria (68.0 %) formed the dominant group. The colony characterization revealed that circular forms (38.0 %) were dominated. Among the colony features the colonies with entire margins (66.0 %) and convex elevation (44.0 %) were found to be dominating.
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Liu, L. J., I. Martinez-Sañudo, L. Mazzon, C. S. Prabhakar, V. Girolami, Y. L. Deng, Y. Dai, and Z. H. Li. "Bacterial communities associated with invasive populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China." Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, no. 6 (May 31, 2016): 718–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000390.
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AbstractThe oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive insect pest of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. This pest is an invasive species and is currently distributed in some provinces of China. To recover the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China, we researched the bacterial diversity of this fruit fly among one laboratory colony (Guangdong, China) and 15 wild populations (14 sites in China and one site in Thailand) using DNA-based approaches. The construction of 16S rRNA gene libraries allowed the identification of 24 operational taxonomic units of associated bacteria at the 3% distance level, and these were affiliated with 3 phyla, 5 families, and 13 genera. The higher bacterial diversity was recovered in wild populations compared with the laboratory colony and in samples from early term invasion regions compared with samples from late term invasion regions. Moreover, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Providencia sp. were two of the most frequently recovered bacteria, present in flies collected from three different regions in China where B. dorsalis is invasive. This study for the first time provides a systemic investigation of the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China.
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Damayanti, Sri Suci, Oom Komala, and E. Mulyati Effendi. "IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DARI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR ISI RUMEN SAPI." EKOLOGIA 18, no. 2 (January 3, 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/ekol.v18i2.1627.
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Waste treatment technology is not less important for the business of Slaughterhouse (RPH). Various businesses and technologies have been done to handle this waste problem, especially for the rumen waste in RPH. One of them is utilizing the waste as an organic fertilizer. Bovine rumen bacteria are bacteria that originate from the contents of bovine rumen, with simple and inexpensive development techniques. This bacterium helps farmers in improving and developing an insightful agriculture on the preservation of soil fertility and natural resources. The study aims to identify bacteria and find out the diversity, properties, and characteristics of bacteria from the liquid organic content of rumen cows. Methods undertaken by observing colony morphology, colony selection and purification, Gram staining, spores staining, and biochemical testing. Of the four isolates identified there are two bacterial genus, three isolates RS1a, RS2a, RS2b including the genus Bacillus sp. aerobic and an isolates of RS1b including the genus Lactobacillus sp. the facultative of anaerobic. The four isolates of bacteria are able to grow optimum at pH 6.5 and the temperature of 370C is homofermentative.
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Fani, Evi Fania. "Identification And Detection Of Proteolytic Activity Of Endophite Bacterial Isolated From Avicennia Marina Leaves In Mempawah Mangrove Center." LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p293-299.
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Abstract. Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in healthy plant tissue without damaging the plant tissue itself. This study aims to determine the morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as to determine the proteolytic activity of the genus of endophytic bacteria found in Avicennia marina leaves. The research was conducted through the stages of bacterial isolation, morphological characterization, physiological test which includes biochemical factor test and proteolytic activity test, as well as identification. The method used is a systematic sampling method and the data collected were analyzed descriptively. The characteristics of endophytic bacteria obtained have morphological characteristic with rounded colony shapes, flat and wavy edgs, convex elevation, white to yellow colony color, gram positive and negative with cocci and bacillary cell shapes. Physiological tests on the salinity, pH and temperature tests of all isolates produced a positive reaction. The results obtained 6 isolates of endophytic bacteria from Avicennia marina leaves which have similarities with members of the genus Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Micrococcus. The isolates obtained did not have proteolytic activity.
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Tarpy, David R., Heather R. Mattila, and Irene L. G. Newton. "Development of the Honey Bee Gut Microbiome throughout the Queen-Rearing Process." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 9 (February 27, 2015): 3182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00307-15.
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ABSTRACTThe European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is used extensively to produce hive products and for crop pollination, but pervasive concerns about colony health and population decline have sparked an interest in the microbial communities that are associated with these important insects. Currently, only the microbiome of workers has been characterized, while little to nothing is known about the bacterial communities that are associated with queens, even though their health and proper function are central to colony productivity. Here, we provide a large-scale analysis of the gut microbiome of honey bee queens during their developmental trajectory and through the multiple colonies that host them as part of modern queen-rearing practices. We found that queen microbiomes underwent a dramatic shift in size and composition as they aged and encountered different worker populations and colony environments. Queen microbiomes were dominated by enteric bacteria in early life but were comprised primarily of alphaproteobacteria at maturity. Furthermore, queen gut microbiomes did not reflect those of the workers who tended them and, indeed, they lacked many of the bacteria that are considered vital to workers. While worker gut microbiotas were consistent across the unrelated colony populations sampled, the microbiotas of the related queens were highly variable. Bacterial communities in mature queen guts were similar in size to those of mature workers and were characterized by dominant and specific alphaproteobacterial strains known to be associated with worker hypopharyngeal glands. Our results suggest a model in which queen guts are colonized by bacteria from workers' glands, in contrast to routes of maternal inoculation for other animal microbiomes.