Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacteria; Bone

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Bacteria; Bone'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacteria; Bone"

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Carpenter, Kenneth. "Experimental investigation of the role of bacteria in bone fossilization." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2005, no. 2 (February 17, 2005): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/83.

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Gollwitzer, Hans, Wolfram Mittelmeier, Monika Brendle, Patrick Weber, Thomas Miethke, Gunther O. Hofmann, Ludger Gerdesmeyer, Johannes Schauwecker, and Peter Diehl. "High Hydrostatic Pressure for Disinfection of Bone Grafts and Biomaterials: An Experimental Study." Open Orthopaedics Journal 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325000903010001.

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Background:Autoclaving, heat, irradiation or chemical detergents are used to disinfect autografts, allografts and biomaterials for tissue reconstruction. These methods are often associated with deterioration of mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the bone grafts and synthetic implants. High hydrostatic pressure has been proposed as a novel method preserving biomechanical and biological properties of bone, tendon and cartilage. This is the first study to assess the inactivation of clinically relevant bacteria on biomaterials and human bone by high hydrostatic pressure.Methods:Bacterial suspensions ofStaphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosaandEnterococcus faecium, implants covered with infected blood, human bone infectedin vitro, and biopsies of patients with chronic osteomyelitis were subjected to different protocols of high hydrostatic pressure up to 600 MPa. Bacterial survival after high hydrostatic pressure treatment was determined and compared with bacterial growth in untreated controls.Results:S. aureusandP. aeruginosain suspension were completely inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure (> 5log levels), whereasE. faeciumshowed barotolerance up to 600 MPa. Blood and adherence to metal implants did not significantly alter inactivation of bacteria, and complete disinfection was achieved with barotolerant bacteria (S. aureusandP. aeruginosa). However, osteoarthritic bone demonstrated a non-homogeneous baroprotective effect, with single bone samples resistant to treatment resulting in unaltered bacterial growth, and complete disinfection of artificially infected bone specimens was achieved in 66% forS. aureus, 60% forP. aeruginosaand 0% forE. faecium. Human bone samples of patients with chronic osteomyelitis could be completely disinfected in 2 of 37 cases.Conclusion:High hydrostatic pressure offers new perspectives for disinfection of sensitive biomaterials and bone grafts, and contamination by blood did not significantly affect bacterial inactivation rates. However, a significant baroprotective effect was demonstrated in bone. Effectiveness is currently limited to colonization and / or infection with barosensitive micro-organisms.
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Charles, Krista. "Bacteria from yogurt speed bone healing." New Scientist 248, no. 3309 (November 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)32038-8.

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Parvaneh, Kolsoom, Rosita Jamaluddin, Golgis Karimi, and Reza Erfani. "Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mass Density." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/595962.

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A few studies in animals and a study in humans showed a positive effect of probiotic on bone metabolism and bone mass density. Most of the investigated bacteria wereLactobacillusandBifidobacterium. The positive results of the probiotics were supported by the high content of dietary calcium and the high amounts of supplemented probiotics. Some of the principal mechanisms include (1) increasing mineral solubility due to production of short chain fatty acids; (2) producing phytase enzyme by bacteria to overcome the effect of mineral depressed by phytate; (3) reducing intestinal inflammation followed by increasing bone mass density; (4) hydrolysing glycoside bond food in the intestines byLactobacillusandBifidobacteria. These mechanisms lead to increase bioavailability of the minerals. In conclusion, probiotics showed potential effects on bone metabolism through different mechanisms with outstanding results in the animal model. The results also showed that postmenopausal women who suffered from low bone mass density are potential targets to consume probiotics for increasing mineral bioavailability including calcium and consequently increasing bone mass density.
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Procopio, Noemi, Caley A. Mein, Sefora Starace, Andrea Bonicelli, and Anna Williams. "Bone Diagenesis in Short Timescales: Insights from an Exploratory Proteomic Analysis." Biology 10, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060460.

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The evaluation of bone diagenetic phenomena in archaeological timescales has a long history; however, little is known about the origins of the microbes driving bone diagenesis, nor about the extent of bone diagenesis in short timeframes—such as in forensic contexts. Previously, the analysis of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) through bottom-up proteomics revealed the presence of potential biomarkers useful in estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI). However, there is still a great need for enhancing the understanding of the diagenetic processes taking place in forensic timeframes, and to clarify whether proteomic analyses can help to develop better models for estimating PMI reliably. To address these knowledge gaps, we designed an experiment based on whole rat carcasses, defleshed long rat bones, and excised but still-fleshed rat limbs, which were either buried in soil or exposed on a clean plastic surface, left to decompose for 28 weeks, and retrieved at different time intervals. This study aimed to assess differences in bone protein relative abundances for the various deposition modalities and intervals. We further evaluated the effects that extrinsic factors, autolysis, and gut and soil bacteria had on bone diagenesis via bottom-up proteomics. Results showed six proteins whose abundance was significantly different between samples subjected to either microbial decomposition (gut or soil bacteria) or to environmental factors. In particular, muscle- and calcium-binding proteins were found to be more prone to degradation by bacterial attack, whereas plasma and bone marrow proteins were more susceptible to exposure to extrinsic agents. Our results suggest that both gut and soil bacteria play key roles in bone diagenesis and protein decay in relatively short timescales, and that bone proteomics is a proficient resource with which to identify microbially-driven versus extrinsically-driven diagenesis.
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Mousa, H. A. "Bone infection." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 1-2 (April 2, 2003): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.1-2.208.

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Osteomyelitis, or bone infection, affects all age groups and develops from various sources including haematogenously from distant infection foci, from external sources such as post-operative or post-traumatic wound infections and from adjoining soft tissue infections. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae are the most common pathogens of haematogenous osteomyelitis. Aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacteria have emerged as significant pathogens in some types of osteomyelitis while anaerobic bacteria are increasingly recognized as potential pathogens in non-haematogenous osteomyelitis. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is of increasing concern, although improvements in radiologic imaging, antibiotic treatment and heightened awareness have led to earlier detection such that long-term sequelae and morbidity are now primarily due to delays in diagnosis and inadequate treatment
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Ren, Xiao Qing, Peng Liang, Li Zhen Ma, and Hong Shun Yang. "Antibacterial Mechanism of Catfish Bone Hydrolysate Revealed by Atomic Force and Transmission Electron Microscopy." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1346.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the catfish bone hydrolysate (CBH) on morphology of bacteria which were observed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CBH was found to inhibit Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth. The CBH at 10 mg/ml caused the significant fragmentariness in the bacterial membrane and a severe volume decrease. A possible mechanism is that CBH damages the structure of bacterial cell membrane which causes E. coli bacteria to die eventually.
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Jabbour, Zaher, Cássio do Nascimento, Michel El-Hakim, Janet E. Henderson, and Rubens F. de Albuquerque. "Profile of bacteria colonizing the exposed bone of patients with anti-osteoclastic drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaws." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 9 (September 2016): 772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0212.

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Microbial etiology for anti-osteoclastic drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) was suggested. This study investigates any link between bacteria colonizing ARONJ sites and other oral cavity sites. Microbiota samples of 10 ARONJ patients were collected from the exposed bone, adjacent teeth, contralateral teeth, and tongue. DNA checkerboard hybridization was used for microbiota analysis with 43 genomic DNA probes prepared from human oral bacterial (38) and candida (5) species, using Socransky’s bacterial complexes as a guide. The frequency and the mean proportion of each bacterial species were used. Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus constellatus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were dominant in the ARONJ sites and detected in most teeth samples. Staphylococcus aureus was also dominant in the ARONJ sites and tongue. Significant correlations were found between the mean proportions of bacterial species colonizing adjacent teeth, contralateral teeth, and tongue (p < 0.001, R2 > 0.69). No significant correlation (p > 0.05, R2 < 0.025) was found between bacteria colonizing ARONJ sites and other evaluated sites. Within the study limitations, it was concluded that the primary sources of microorganisms colonizing ARONJ sites could be other sites such as teeth and tongue. The microbial profile of the necrotic bone is predominantly colonized with bacteria from Socransky’s green and orange complexes, as well as with species associated with bone infections.
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Kolbjørnsen, Ø., B. David, and M. Gilhuus. "Bacterial Osteomyelitis in a 3-Week-Old Broiler Chicken Associated With Enterococcus hirae." Veterinary Pathology 48, no. 6 (January 27, 2011): 1134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985810396513.

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Enterococcus hirae infections are reported to cause growth depression, encephalomalacia, endocarditis, and septicemia in chickens. This report describes osteomyelitis in the proximal femur of a 3-week-old broiler chicken that also suffered from valvular endocarditis and liver necrosis. Histologically, clusters of gram-positive coccoid bacteria were found in many organs, including bone lesions. In tissues from 5 of 6 examined chickens from the same flock, E hirae was isolated in large numbers. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous bacterial osteomyelitis where E hirae was cultured from bone and where coccoid bacteria consistent with Enterococcus spp were simultaneously demonstrated within bone lesions.
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Winkler, Heinz, and Peter Haiden. "Allograft Bone as Antibiotic Carrier." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jbji.17466.

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Abstract. The treatment of chronic bone and joint infections is characterized by obstinate persistency of the causing microorganisms and resulting long term disability to patients, associated with remarkable costs for the health care system. Difficulties derive from biofilm formed on dead bone and eventual implants, with resistance against immunological defences and antimicrobial substances. Biofilm embedded bacteria require up to 1000 times the antibiotic concentration of planktonic bacteria for elimination. Systemic antibiotic treatment alone cannot provide the concentrations required and surgical intervention is always prerequisite for potentially providing a cure. A second issue is that osseous defects are almost always present after surgical debridement, and it is difficult to address their reconstruction. One option is to use bone grafts, either from the patient´s own body or from foreign donors (allografts). Grafts are usually unvascularized and are prone to colonization with bacteria. Loading of allografts with antibiotics may not only protect grafts from bacterial adhesion but, using appropriate processing methods, may also provide high local antibiotic concentrations that may eliminate remaining sessile pathogens. For efficient action as antibiotic carriers, the release of antibiotics should be above the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for a prolonged period of time. Cleaning the bone from bone marrow opens a large reservoir for storage of antimicrobial substances that, after implantation, may be released to the surrounding in a sustained mode, possibly eliminating remaining biofilm remnants. Removal of bone marrow, leaving a pure matrix, provides increased safety and improved revascularization of the graft. Local provision of antibiotic concentrations above the MBEC may enable simultaneous internal fixation with osteosynthetic material and single stage exchange of infected endoprostheses, resulting in shorter hospital stays with reduced pain and faster rehabilitation of patients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacteria; Bone"

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Linton, Kathryn Mary. "Calcium phosphate morphology in bone and bacteria." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445383.

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Clasper, Jonathan C. "External fixator pin tract infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365816.

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Gbejuade, Herbert Olukayode. "The effects of antibiotic loaded bone cement combinations on bacteria biofilms." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705469.

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Airila-Månsson, Stella. "Progression of periodontitis and influence of periodontal bacteria on release of inflammatory markers in Swedish adults /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-622-0/.

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Pacios, Pujadó Sandra. "Cellular Mechanisms that affect Periodontal Destruction induced by Bacteria Infection in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Rats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/275965.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the histologic and cellular response to A.actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) infection, and how diabetes-enhanced TNF-α production and diabetes-enhanced apoptosis contribute to the periodontal disease progression and bone coupling. Conclusion. The results link A. a infection with important characteristics of periodontal destruction and provide new insight into how diabetes aggravates A. a induced periodontal destruction in rats by significantly increasing the inflammatory response, leading to increased bone loss and enhancing apoptosis of gingival epithelial and connective tissue cells through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism. Antibiotics had a more pronounced effect on many of these parameters in diabetic than in normoglycemic rats, suggesting a deficiency in the capacity of diabetic animals to resist infection. In addition, diabetes prolongs inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis and through TNF limits the normal reparative process by negatively modulating factors that regulate bone.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta histológica y celular a la infección por A.actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) y como la diabetes exacerba la producción de TNF- α y la apoptosis que contribuye a la progresión de la enfermedad periodontal y al acoplamiento del hueso. Los resultados enlazan la infección de A. a con características importantes de destrucción periodontal y ofrece una nueva visión de cómo la diabetes agrava la destrucción periodontal con A. a mediante un aumento significativo de la respuesta inflamatoria, lo que lleva al aumento de pérdida ósea y produce un aumento de apoptosis en el epitelio gingival y en las células del tejido conectivo a través de un mecanismo de caspasa-3 dependiente. Los antibióticos tuvieron un efecto más pronunciado en mucho de los parámetros evaluados en las ratas diabéticas que en las normoglucémicas, sugiriendo una deficiencia en la capacidad de los animales diabéticos en combatir la infección. Además la diabetes prolonga la inflamación y la osteoclastogénesis en la periodontitis y a través de TNF limita el proceso normal de reparación modulando negativamente factores que regulan el hueso.
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Rogers, Christopher. "Dating death : forensic taphonomy and the postmortem interval." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/210852.

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Determining the postmortem interval (PMI) remains one of the most important but challenging factors to establish in a suspicious death investigation. Unfortunately, as time passes current methods lose accuracy and only allow investigators to approximate how long ago death occurred. Bodies interred in clandestine graves prove particularly challenging due to an abundance of variables that need to be taken into consideration. Due to the problems associated with determining the PMI of buried remains this study will utilise macroscopic, microscopic, molecular, chemical and microbiological analyses to systematically document the decompositional changes to human hair and porcine cartilage and bone in a burial environment. The aim was to correlate decompositional changes with time and develop new methods for estimating the PMI of remains found in this context. Whole trotters (from which the cartilage was harvested) exhibited decompositional changes including darkening of the dermis, skin slippage, liquefaction of soft tissues and complete skeletonisation. The decompositional changes to cartilage included a loss of cartilage covering articular facets, changes in colour and texture, formation of orthorhombic crystals, a change in surface pH and colonisation by bacteria. The bacteria found on the cartilage surface were in close proximity to the crystals and when cultured on a B-41 medium were found to precipitate crystals of the same morphology and chemical composition to those found on the cartilage surface. Three species of bacteria (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter iwoffii and Grimontia hollisae) were identified based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of their fatty acids and one species (Comamonas sp.) was identified by DNA analysis. Formation of crystals on goat and cow cartilage proved that this was not a porcine specific phenomenon. Human hair exhibited a gradual degradation over time but this was dependent on the characteristics of the burial environment. Decompositional changes included colonisation by fungi, erosions to the cortical surface and formation of tunnels and breaks to the hair shaft. Two fungal species (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium sp.) were identified based on DNA analysis of fungal ribosomal (rDNA) internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The Penicillium sp. was linked with fungal tunnelling of hair. Bone exhibited little modification over time but changes were observed. These included a change in colour of the cortical surface, a change in colour and gradual loss of bone marrow and erosions, cracking and flaking of the cortical bone. Fungi were found to colonise both the bone marrow and bone surface. Whole piglets were buried to document the time period taken to reach skeletonisation. This data was used as a correction factor and combined with the bone results to give an overall time period for the decomposition changes observed. The results of this study suggest that the decompositional changes to cartilage could be used to determine the postmortem interval of buried remains. However, the degradation of hair and bone was too variable to be of use in this context.
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King, Janice E. "Carbon-sulfur bond cleavage by environmental bacteria." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318772.

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Kanso, Sungwan, and n/a. "Molecular Studies of Bacterial Communities in the Great Artesian Basin Aquifers." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040219.140509.

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16S rRNA gene analysis has shown that bacterial diversity in the GAB bores studied was limited to the genera Hydrogenobacter in the phylum Aquificae, Thermus in the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, Desulfotomaculum in the phylum Firmicutes, the alpha-, beta- and gamma-classes of the phylum Proteobacteria and the phylum Nitrospirae. There was no clone closely related to members of the delta-proteobacteria and epsilon-proteobacteria classes detected. The number of bacterial strains directly isolated from the Fairlea and the Cooinda bores were far less than the numbers of distinctive phylotypes detected by the 16S rRNA gene characterisation. In addition none of the bacterial strains directly isolated from the water samples were represented in the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Similar discrepancies between the bacterial populations obtained from the 16S rRNA gene analysis and those obtained from direct isolation have been reported in the literature (Dunbar et al., 1999; Kampfer et al., 1996; Suzuki et al., 1997; Ward et al., 1998; Ward et al., 1997). However, in general, the phyla with which the isolates were affiliated were the same as those phyla to which the clones belonged. The environmental changes introduced (by bringing the artesian water up to the surface and exposing it to four types of metal coupons made of carbon steels identified by codes ASTM-A53B, ASTM-A53, AS-1074 and AS-1396 and commonly used in bore casings) led to changes in the bacterial community structures. In general, the species which proliferated in the communities before and after the changes were different. The diversity of the bacterial species in the community decreased following the environmental changes. Clones dominating the clone libraries constructed from newly established bacterial communities also differed from the clones dominating the libraries constructed from the bacterial communities which had existed naturally in the bores. These trends toward change in the bacterial communities were observed at both the Fairlea and the Cooinda bore sites. All four metal types incubated in the Fairlea bore water lost between 3.4 and 4.7% of their original weight. In contrast none of the metals incubated in Cooinda bore water lost weight. Clone library A1 showed that the natural population of the Fairlea bore was dominated by clone A1-3, which represented a novel species related to the isolate boom-7m-04. But after metal incubation (and recording of the metal weight loss), the bacterial community was dominated by clone PKA34B, which has a 95% similarity in its 16S rRNA gene sequence with Desulfotomaculum putei. Desulfotomaculum species are known to cause metal corrosion due to their byproduct H2S. But the low level of phylogenetic relatedness found does not provide enough information to speculate on whether the species represented by clone PKA34B is a member of the genus Desulfotomaculum or not. However, the fact that clone PKA34B dominated the PKA clone library by 50% makes the species it represents a suspected candidate likely to be involved with the metal weight loss at the Fairlea bore. In contrast, clone library 4381 showed that the natural population of the Cooinda bore was dominated by clone 4381-15 representing a species distantly related to a hydrogen oxidiser Hydrogenophaga flava (95% similarity). The dominating clone of the new community formed after metal incubation was clone COO25, which has 99% similarity with Thermus species that have not been reported to be involved with metal corrosion to my knowledge. In this project detection, identification and comparative quantification by 16S rRNA gene-targeted PCR probing with probes 23B and 34B were successfully developed for a Leptothrix-like species and for a Desulfotomaculum-like species represented by clones PKA23B and PKA34B respectively. This method of probing permits a fast, sensitive and reproducible detection, identification and at least a comparative quantification of the bacteria in the environment without the need for culturing. Therefore it is extremely suitable for use in bacterial population monitoring. PCR probing with the 34B probe has a potential commercial use as a means of screening for bores with a potential high risk of corrosion due to this Desulfotomaculum-like species. Direct isolation of bacteria from the GAB water has resulted in the isolation of seven strains from the Fairlea bore and eight from the Cooinda bore. Among these isolates, three novel strains were studied in detail. Reports on the characterisation of strain FaiI4T (T=Type strain) from the Fairlea bore (Kanso & Patel, 2003) and strain CooI3BT from the Cooinda bore have been published (Kanso et al., 2002). The data generated during this project add to our current information and extend our knowledge about the bacterial communities of the GAB's sub-surface environment. This information will provide a basis for further ecological studies of the GAB. Studies on involvement of certain groups of bacteria with the corrosion of metals used in bore casings could provide a foundation for further studies to develop maintenance and managing strategies for the GAB bores.
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Skepu, Zoleka G. "Characterization of amide bond hydrolysis in novel hydantoinase-producing bacteria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003970.

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This thesis describes a series of investigations into the amide bond-hydrolyzing activity of bacterial strains RU-KM1, RU-KM3L, RU-KM3S, and RU-OR, which were previously isolated for their ability to hydrolyze hydantoins to amino acids. The main aim of the study was to develop biotransformations with potential application in the production of enantiomerically pure amino acids and related compounds. Several compounds may be used as substrates by biocatalysts for the production of amino acids, such as hydantoins, amino nitriles, and amides. These compounds are not only important for amino acid production, but they may be used for production of other industrially important compounds, such as 2- arylpropionic acids, which are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, the ability of the above-mentioned strains to hydrolyze these substrates was investigated, with the view to utilizing the maximum potential of these biocatalysts. The compounds used as substrates in the investigation are all essentially amides. Thus, the ability of the strains to hydrolyze imides, hydantoins, and amides, was investigated. In particular, imides have a structure which is very similar to that of hydantoins, and thus it was an objective of the study to determine whether these strains could hydrolyze imides. Imidehydrolyzing activity has only recently been discovered in microorganisms. Hydantoin conversion involves a two-step hydrolysis reaction which yields, initially, an Ncarbamylamino acid intermediate, and subsequently, an "-amino acid. The hydantoinhydrolyzing enzymes of a Pseudomonas putida strain, RU-KM3S, were characterized in a crude extract preparation and reaction conditions for its biocatalytic application were optimized. The optimum conditions for conversion of 5-methylhydantoin were found to be 3 hours at 40°C, with conversion yields greater than 50% achieved. The enzymes of RU-KM3S demonstrated considerable stability, retaining 80% of their activity after incubation at 40°C for 3 hours. The activities of the enzymes were increased by the addition of a detergent to the extraction medium, suggesting that the enzymes might be membrane-bound. The results of the determination of the metal-dependence of the hydantoinase and N-carbamylase of RUKM3S suggested that these enzymes required metal ions for activity, with metal ions such as Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Co²⁺ resulting in activation of the enzymes. However, Cu²⁺ and Fe²⁺ caused inactivation of these enzymes. The stereoselectivity of the enzymes was investigated, and the results suggested that the hydantoinase was non-selective, whereas the N-carbamylase was L-selective. The hydantoin substrate selectivity of RU-KM3S was compared to that of three other hydantoinase-producing bacteria, RU-KM1, RU-KM3L, and RU-OR. The four strains were able to hydrolyze all of the seven substrates tested. However, there was a difference in activity levels between crude extract preparations and whole cells, with crude extracts generally showing higher activity than whole cells, except in the case of RU-KM1. Some difference was also observed in the order of preference of substrates between whole cells and crude extracts. The preferred substrate for RU-KM1 whole cells was isopropylhydantoin, whereas the crude extract preparation preferentially hydrolyzed p-hydroxyphenylhydantoin. RU-KM3L whole cells achieved a higher conversion yield with isobutylhydantoin, whereas the crude extract achieved a higher yield with 5-t-butylhydantoin. RU-KM3S whole cells and crude extract preferentially hydrolyzed 5-n-butylhydantoin, although the yield was greater with the crude extract. The highest conversion yields were observed with RU-KM3S crude extract, with conversion yields of 71.6% and 100% for n-butylhydantoin and phydroxyphenylhydantoin, respectively.The ability of RU-KM1, RU-KM3L, and RU-KM3S to hydrolyze nitriles, initially to amides and subsequently to carboxylic acids, was investigated. These strains were demonstrated to be unable to utilize acrylonitrile, propionitrile and benzonitrile as nitrogen sources, but were able to hydrolyze acrylonitrile, propionitrile and acetonitrile, in resting cell reactions. Nitrile hydrolysis was demonstrated to be inducible in all three strains, and the enzyme system responsible for nitrile hydrolysis was proposed to be a nitrile hydratase-amidase system. Amidase activity in the four bacterial strains was investigated. The ability of RU-KM1, RUKM3L, RU-KM3S, and RU-OR to utilize amides as a nitrogen source was investigated, and the results showed that propionamide was a good nitrogen source for all four of the strains. Amide-hydrolyzing activity, by resting cells, was shown to be inducible by propionamide in all four strains. RU-KM3S demonstrated superior amide-hydrolyzing ability in that it hydrolyzed propionamide, acetamide, and acrylamide to a greater extent than the other strains. Resting cells of RU-KM1 and RU-OR were demonstrated to have the ability to hydrolyze the imide substrate, succinimide, and this imidase activity was found to be inducible. These strains were also able to utilize this imide as the sole source of nitrogen for growth, which is a novel finding, as to date, bacteria have only be reported to utilize imides as a carbon source. The identity of the enzyme system responsible for succinimide hydrolysis is not yet clear. In conclusion, the hydantoin-hydrolyzing enzymes of RU-KM3S have been shown to be possibly membrane associated, which is a novel finding that has also been proposed in three other hydantoinase-producing strains in our laboratory. This study has shown that the Ncarbamylase of RU-KM3S is L-stereoselective, which, to our knowledge, is the first report of an L-stereospecific N-carbamylase in a Pseudomonas putida. Publication of these findings is already in progress. This is the first report on the study of imide hydrolysis in either an Agrobacterium tumefaciens or a Pseudomonas sp., and publications reporting these results are in preparation.
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O'Brien, Andrea C. "Cold active antimicrobial compounds from Antarctic microorganisms." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288169.

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Books on the topic "Bacteria; Bone"

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Calder, Peter. Acute osteomyelitis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.011004.

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♦ Bacteraemia resulting in bone deposition of bacteria♦ Local bony tenderness, fever, and malaise may not be present initially♦ WCC may be normal, ESR and CRP normally raised♦ Plain radiographs normally take 10–12 days to occur♦ Staphylococcus aureus remains the commonest organism♦ Immediate antibiotics with surgical drainage of abscess formation.
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Peterson, Susan, and Staci Reintjes. Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, and Mastoiditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0011.

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Otitis Externa is an infection of external auditory canal. Infection typically occurs via penetration of the epithelial barrier. Patients typically present with inflammation of the auricle, external auditory canal, or outer tympanic membrane. First-line therapy includes topical acidic agents and antibiotic drops. Oral antibiotics should be considered for recurrent infections, those resistant to topical therapy, severe disease, extension beyond the external auditory canal, diabetics, or immunocompromised patients. Otitis Media is an infection of the middle ear. Patients typically present with otalgia, otorrhea, fever, irritability, anorexia, and hearing loss. Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid bone. Patients present with pain, swelling, and erythema over the mastoid bone. Fever, irritability, otalgia, and hearing loss are also often present. Infection can be serious and may lead to sepsis, sigmoid sinus thrombosis, and intracranial abscess if not treated appropriately. More common complications include chronic infection, resistant bacteria, and mild hearing loss.
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Young, Raymond. Infection in the Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0060.

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This chapter provides a brief overview of the clinical manifestations of and management strategies for infectious complications in the immunocompromised sickle cell disease patient. The chapter discusses infections in various organ systems, including the respiratory tract, central nervous system, bone, hematopoietic cell lineage, and blood-borne infections. Differentiating infections from noninfectious processes that often have similar presentations in the sickle cell patient may at times be difficult, and clinicians managing sickle cell patients should be keenly aware of this fact. This chapter discusses the common bacterial pathogens associated with infection and a notable viral agent known to profoundly worsen anemia in the sickle cell host, parvovirus B19. Additionally, fundamental antimicrobial regimens and primary and secondary prophylactic strategies are included in this concise summary prepared for clinicians involved in the acute care management of the sickle cell patient.
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Pearson, Andrew. Tularaemia. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0031.

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Tularaemia is a plague-like bacterial disease of animals (particularly rodents, hares, and rabbits) and man caused by five subspecies of Francisella. Two subspecies predominate: F. tularensis tularensis in North America and F. tularensis holarctica throughout the northern hemisphere. F. tularensis occurs in persistent natural foci causing localized epidemics and sporadic cases in man.Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis was described originally as causing a more virulent form of tularaemia than was seen in Europe. More recently recognized are subpopulations of Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis which have markedly different virulence for man. These have been designated A1a, A1b and A2. Infections resulting from type A1b have been shown to have an attributable mortality of 24% as compared to 4% for tularaemia caused by A1a types.F. tularensis is one of the most potent bacterial pathogens affecting humans with an infective dose from 1 to 10 organisms. The incubation period is usually 3–5 days (range from 1–21 days). Onset of disease is abrupt, with fever, chills, fatigue, general body aches, and headache. When the bacteria are acquired through skin or mucous membranes, tender regional node enlargement may become conspicuous. When bacteria are inhaled, the infection will result in deep lymph node enlargement.The clinical epidemiology of human infection is complex since it relates to one of four modes of transmission of the agent harboured in multiple hosts from diverse ecosystems. Clinical presentation of the human disease is indicative of both the mode of transmission and often the source of infection in a specific ecosystem. Tularaemia presenting as ulceroglandular disease results from either vector-borne infection from mosquito or tick bites or occurs as a result of animal contact from bites, hunting or from skinning hares or muskrats. Oropharyhgeal and typhoidal infections predominate in waterborne outbreaks of F. tularensis holarctica. Pulmonary or influenza disease results from airborne transmission associated with either farmers moving rodent contaminated hay or laboratory acquired infection. An intentional aerosol release of F. tularensis tularensis would be expected to result in clinical manifestations similar to those recognized in natural respiratory tularaemia. Both vector-borne and airborne transmission of F. tularensis may both be associated with florid skin manifestations as a presenting symptom of tularaemia. Pulmonary or typhoidal forms of the tularaemia may occur as a complication of localized infection.
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Steiner, Lisa A. Osteomyelitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0049.

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Osteomyelitis is an infectious process that affects any part of the bone, including the periosteum, the cortex, or the marrow. It most often occurs in the lower extremities and can be an acute, subacute, or chronic process. Osteomyelitis is often characterized as a consequence of a contiguous spread or hematogenous spread of bacterial infection or as a consequence of vascular insufficiency. Chronic osteomyelitis can be associated with significant bone necrosis, sometimes requiring months to years of treatment with antibiotics or even surgical debridement. Consultation with the orthopedic service (or spine service for vertebral osteomyelitis) should be considered. Vascular service consultation should also occur if there is a concern for osteomyelitis in the foot of a patient with diabetes mellitus. These patients often require admission to the hospital for follow-up.
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Richard, Coombs, and Fitzgerald Robert H. 1942-, eds. Infection in the orthopaedic patient. London: Butterworths, 1989.

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Wilson, John W., and Lynn L. Estes. Tick-Borne Infections. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0155.

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Numerous species of ticks have been associated with transmission of infectious diseases to humans. Recognizing the type of tick and its geographic distribution can aid identification of select bacterial, viral, and protozoan infection risk assessment.• Consists of the hard ticks that transmit nearly all tick-borne human diseases; 2–30 mm...
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Raghavan, Sri. Infection in the Cancer Patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0054.

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Cancer patients have increased susceptibility to a variety of both common and atypical infections due to the steady increase in outpatient chemotherapy regimens, these patients are presenting more often to the emergency department when acutely ill. Already immunocompromised, patients’ chemotherapy regimens lead to neutropenia, deficits in cellular and humoral immunity, and disruption of mucosal barriers that predisposing them to severe disease presentations with high morbidity and mortality rates. There are different subsets of oncologic patients predisposed to specific infections. One of the most common presentations of oncologic chemotherapy patients is neutropenic fever caused by bacterial infection; neutropenic patients are also highly susceptible to fungal infections. Patients with hematologic malignancies, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy or bone marrow transplant, can present with inflammation of the cecum with high risk for bacterial translocation and possible perforation. Patients who have indwelling catheters or mediports are at risk for catheter-associated bloodstream infections.
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1923-, Eberle H., ed. Gentamicin-PMMA-chains in bone and soft-tissue infections. Basel: Karger, 1988.

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Gilsdorf, Janet R. Continual Raving. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677312.001.0001.

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This book explores the lives and work of scientists who unraveled the mysteries of meningitis and describes the steps (and sometimes missteps) they used to accomplish their splendid achievements. Although symptoms of meningitis were recorded as early as the time of Hippocrates, its origin remained obscure. Then, in 1892, one of the bacteria that cause meningitis in children, Haemophilus influenzae, was discovered when Richard Pfeiffer saw it in material coughed up by a patient with influenza. Pfeiffer mistakenly thought the bacteria caused influenza, and it has carried that unfortunate, erroneous name since that time. Discovery, however, marched forward, and Quincke discovered how to obtain spinal fluid by inserting a needle between two bones in the patient’s back. Pittman discovered the sugar overcoat that protects H. influenzae from being eaten by white blood cells. Flexner managed epidemics of meningitis with serum from a horse. Griffith unknowingly stumbled on DNA, the master of all life. Weech gave the first antibiotic used in America to a little girl with meningitis. Alexander learned why antibiotics sometimes fail in such patients. Smith won the Nobel Prize for showing how DNA invades bacteria, the right conclusion for the wrong reasons. And four scientists, in two teams, vied to be the first to create the best vaccine to prevent meningitis in infants.
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Book chapters on the topic "Bacteria; Bone"

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Frommelt, Lars. "Gentamicin Release from PMMA Bone Cement: Mechanism and Action on Bacteria." In Bone Cements and Cementing Technique, 119–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59478-6_10.

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Frommelt, L. "Periprosthetic Infection — Bacteria and the Interface Between Prosthesis and Bone." In Interfaces in Total Hip Arthroplasty, 153–61. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0477-3_14.

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Jacoby, G. A. "Resistant Bacterial Infections." In Infectious Complications in Bone Marrow Transplantation, 241–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84899-5_25.

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Tutschka, P. J. "Late Bacterial Infections in Humoral Immune Deficiency." In Infectious Complications in Bone Marrow Transplantation, 205–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84899-5_21.

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Crawford, Robert W., and John S. Gunn. "The Interaction of Bile Salts with Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Intestinal Bacteria." In Food-Borne Microbes, 183–200. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815479.ch10.

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Turlybekuly, A., A. Sagidugumar, Y. Otarov, N. Magazov, A. Pogrebnjak, I. Savitskaya, K. Akatan, A. Kistaubayeva, and A. Talipova. "Bacterial Cellulose/Hydroxyapatite Printed Scaffolds for Bone Engineering." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 1–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3996-1_1.

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Meyers, Joel, Finn B. Petersen, George W. Counts, Elizabeth C. Reed, Shawn J. Skerrett, Raleigh A. Bowden, Keith Sullivan, and C. Dean Buckner. "Bacterial, Fungal, and Protozoan Infection After Marrow Transplantation." In Recent Advances and Future Directions in Bone Marrow Transplantation, 171–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3762-4_29.

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Stouvenakers, Gilles, Peter Dapprich, Sebastien Massart, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. "Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 353–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_14.

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AbstractAmong the diversity of plant diseases occurring in aquaponics, soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp., are the most problematic due to their preference for humid/aquatic environment conditions. Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. which belong to the Oomycetes pseudo-fungi require special attention because of their mobile form of dispersion, the so-called zoospores that can move freely and actively in liquid water. In coupled aquaponics, curative methods are still limited because of the possible toxicity of pesticides and chemical agents for fish and beneficial bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria of the biofilter). Furthermore, the development of biocontrol agents for aquaponic use is still at its beginning. Consequently, ways to control the initial infection and the progression of a disease are mainly based on preventive actions and water physical treatments. However, suppressive action (suppression) could happen in aquaponic environment considering recent papers and the suppressive activity already highlighted in hydroponics. In addition, aquaponic water contains organic matter that could promote establishment and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the system or even improve plant growth and viability directly. With regards to organic hydroponics (i.e. use of organic fertilisation and organic plant media), these bacteria could act as antagonist agents or as plant defence elicitors to protect plants from diseases. In the future, research on the disease suppressive ability of the aquaponic biotope must be increased, as well as isolation, characterisation and formulation of microbial plant pathogen antagonists. Finally, a good knowledge in the rapid identification of pathogens, combined with control methods and diseases monitoring, as recommended in integrated plant pest management, is the key to an efficient control of plant diseases in aquaponics.
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Wang, Hua H. "Commensal Bacteria, Microbial Ecosystems, and Horizontal Gene Transmission: Adjusting Our Focus for Strategic Breakthroughs against Antibiotic Resistance." In Food-Borne Microbes, 267–81. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815479.ch14.

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Vogel, Stefanie N., and Gary S. Madonna. "Changes in Macrophage Progenitor Cell Composition in the Bone Marrow of “Early Phase” Endotoxin-Tolerized Mice." In Immunobiology and Immunopharmacology of Bacterial Endotoxins, 381–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2253-5_34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bacteria; Bone"

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Tang, Lingyi, Zhengtao Shen, and Zhen Li. "Bone Bioapatite: A Potential P Hotspot Assisted by Bacteria." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2551.

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Odajima, Nao, John C. Gomez, and Claire M. Doerschuk. "Interferon-Gamma MRNA Expression By Bone Marrow Cells In Response To Bacteria." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2801.

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Thomas, Wendy E., Evgeni V. Sokurenko, and Viola Vogel. "How Bacteria Bind More Strongly Under Mechanical Force: The Catch-Bond FimH." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43680.

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We study a protein that responds to mechanical force in most striking manner. We demonstrate that Escherichia coli bacteria need shear stress to bind to certain tissues and model surfaces; they bind strongest precisely when the body tries to wash them off. We have determined that the protein responsible for this behavior is FimH, a ubiquitous adhesion protein in intestinal bacteria that mediates adhesion to host cells via the carbohydrate mannose. Although mechanical force noramlly decreases bond lifetimes, we have shown that the bond betweeen FimH and simple mono-mannose receptors is s “catch-bond” that lasts longer under shear stress. In contrast, structural variations in either FimH or the receptor cause a stronger mode of adhesion in static conditions with little or no activation under force. We derive a structural for how mechanical force switches FimH to a strong binding mode by using steered molecular dynamics simulations, and validate the predictions with subsequent site-directed mutagenesis. The physiological consequences as well as the engineering principles suggested by the structural model will be discussed.
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"Comparing Viral (HIV) and Bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) Infection of the Bone Tissue." In International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004249801960201.

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PRICE, RL, MJ MURPHY, DJ SQUIRRELL, and MF SANDERS. "RAPID DETECTION OF FOOD-BORNE BACTERIA USING BACTERIOPHAGE AND AK BIOLUMINESCENCE." In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811158_0074.

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Eltai, Nahla Omer, Lubna Abu Rub, Hana A. Mohamed, Asma A. Al Thani, Hamda Qotba, and Hadi M. Yassine. "Testing Air Quality of Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0125.

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Background: Poor indoor air quality results in significant adverse effects on human health. In particular, the hospital atmospheric environment requires high air quality to protect patients and health care workers against airborne disease including nosocomial infections. Monitoring and surveillance programs of air pollutants and communicable diseases are essential as they provide information on the effectiveness of occupational hygiene and hazard control, and beneficial in assessing risks to community and environment. Objectives: This study aims to identify, monitor and report the level of air borne bacteria at four PHCC canters in Doha. Methodology: Four primary Health Centers (HC) were selected for testing air quality namely, Qatar University HC (North of Doha), AlRayan HC (West of Doha), Um Ghualina HC (Centre of Doha) and Old airport HC (South of Doha). Three sublocations were tested in each health center including a triage room, lobby and outdoor sample; each centre was visited once a month. Two sampling methods were used in this study: Anderson impactor (viable method) and filtration method (non-viable method). Anderson six stages impactor (TISCH Environmental, USA) was used to collect airborne bacteria on nutrient agar plates. Then the samples were incubated at 37 o C for 24 - 48 hours. The average colony- forming units (CFU) of bacteria was calculated per cubic meter of air (CFU/m3 ). On the other hand, the SKC Button Sampler (SKC Inc. PA, USA) was used to collect the airborne bacteria using cellulose ester filters. The collected isolates will be identified by sequencing 16srRNA (Miseq) later. Preliminary results: According to our preliminary results, the smallest average number of bacteria in the air was detected in QU HC, 3.2 (CFU/m3 ). While the highest average number was 44.7 CFU/m3 detected in Old Airport HC. Al-Rayyan HC and Om Ghuilina HC exhibited 30 and 20 CFU/m3 sequentially. Conclusions: Our preliminary results depicted that the occupancy pattern, size, and age of the building affect the number of bacteria in the air. However, more samples will be collected for better statistical sample size and analysis. .In addition, the captured airborne bacteria will be identified by 16s r RNA sequencing later.
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Huo, Xinlin, and Feng Guo. "Evaluation of Air-Borne Bacteria in Dormitories and Canteen of a Shanxi University." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162801.

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van der Zee, H., B. Wit, and E. de Boer. "Pathogenic bacteria in pork meat at retail level in the Netherlands." In Fourth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-1140.

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Schönfels, Cristoph, Jörg Gabert, Nicole Blechschmidt, and Hans-Dieter Grimmecke. "Fast detection of pathogenic bacteria by PCR using premixed primer sets." In Fourth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-1192.

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Bae, Euiwon, Youngkee Jung, Yoojung Heo, and Amanda Deering. "Smartphone-based quantitative reader for detection of food-borne bacteria by lateral flow assay." In Optics and Biophotonics in Low-Resource Settings V, edited by David Levitz and Aydogan Ozcan. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2507899.

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