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Yadav, Amresh Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar Ambasta, Surendra Kumar Prasad, and M. P. Trivedi. "IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (LINN.) G. DON. VAR. “ROSEA” AND “ALBA”." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 5 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i5.24977.
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Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial property of crude, aqueous and organic solvent extract from leaf, stem and root parts of two different var. of Catharanthus roseus (i.e. “rosea” and “alba”) under in vitro conditions on various human pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activity of crude (fresh), aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and equimolar (1:1) mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extract of variety “rosea” and “alba” was evaluated against various pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disk diffusion method under in vitro conditions.Results: Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative. Dried extracts of root, stem and leaf of C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” plants showed maximum antibacterial potency against all the test microorganisms. The equimolar mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extracts of species “rosea” and “alba” exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus as compare to extract prepared from individual parts. The findings of the ethanolic mixture of dried leaves of the two varieties on the tested bactera confirm that the effect is potentiating which may be synergistic or additive.Conclusion: From the findings, it could be inferred that C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” could be efficiently used in the development of new life-saving drugs against bacterial pathogens.
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Kim, Dong-Seon, Joo-Hwan Roh, Chang-Won Cho, and Jin-Yeul Ma. "Analysis of Nodakenetin from Samultangs Fermented by Lactose Bactera Strains." Korea Journal of Herbology 27, no. 1 (2012): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2012.27.1.35.
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Grabowska-Markowska, Jolanta, Iwona Pawłowska, Grzegorz Ziółkowski, and Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach. "BACTERIA CAUSED BY OCHROBACTRUM ANTHROPI – UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903131.
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O. anthropi, formerly known as Achromobacter, is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacillus, widespread in the environment, in various ecological niches. Currently, it is an emerging opportunistic microorganism associated with health care, as well as infections in people with immunodeficiency, mainly in children and newborns. The authors of the presented work present a case of a 13-year-old female patient with a neurodegenerative disorder in which O. anthropi was isolated from blood cultures. She was hospitalized in the Social Society of the Cordis Hospice in Katowice, and after discharge from the hospice she was covered by long-term home care under the supervision of a family doctor. Clinical picture O. anthropi can be very different, causes serious infections, such as blood infections. Due to difficulties in identification, Ochrobactrum anthropi can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The difficulty in differentiating Ochrobactrum spp. Is also related to the lack of a clear clinical picture of infection with bactera O.anthropi. In addition, this microorganism is difficult to treat due to the natural broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance.
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NAKAGAWA, Masaya, and Norihiko MISAWA. "Analysis of Carotenoid Glycosides Produced in Gram-negative Bactera by Introduction of the Erwinia uredovora Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55, no. 8 (1991): 2147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.55.2147.
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Jin, Tianru, and R. G. E. Murray. "Urease activity related to the growth and differentiation of swarmer cells of Proteus mirabilis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 4 (1987): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-051.
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Urease activity was measured using whole cells of both long (swarming) and short (nonswarming) populations of Proteus mirabilis from casein hydrolysate agar (CHA) and broth (CHB) cultures, and from brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) cultures. Urease is a constitutive enzyme for both long and short cells, but its activity was tremendously increased when urea was incorporated into the media. Urease production was also affected by culture age and media used. Before exponential phase, urease activity was very low, and it increased to its highest point after about 4 h in BHIB and 8 h in both CHA and CHB cultures at 37 °C. Long cells had higher urease activity than did short cells when grown on CHA, and was also expressed by two different strains cultured in BHIB. Strain PM23, in BHIB, was able to form long cells (swarming cells) to a maximum proportion after about 4 h, but strain IM47 could not differentiate in any of the liquid media. The former had more urease when swarming differentiation was initiated. PM23 grew relatively faster than IM47 when the former began to differentiate, but this fast growth could not be observed when nutrient broth or minimal medium was used. These observations suggest that long or swarming cells are "faster growing" rather than "nongrowing bactera."
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Oktanauli, Poetry. "The Effect of Herbal Mouthwash against Halitosis in Elderly." Jurnal Ilmiah dan Teknologi Kedokteran Gigi 16, no. 1 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32509/jitekgi.v16i1.611.
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Introduction: Elderly generally experience a decreased in the level of oral hygiene, number of teeth, mucosal sensitivity of the oral cavity and xerostomia. Xerostomia can cause halitosis. One of halitosis therapy is by using herbal mouthwash (betel leaf). Betel leaf has an antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal ability. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the benefits of herbal mouthwash on decreasing halitosis score in elderly. Methods: This was a clinical experimental research with cross sectional approach. Spearman correlation test was used to determine the effect of herbal mouthwash on decreasing halitosis scores. The numbers of subject were 30 and obtained by quota sampling. Data collection was done by measuring initial and final halitosis score after rinsing with herbal mouthwash, using Tanita breath checker. Tanita breath checker is an innovative palm-sized monitor that can detect and measure the presence of volatile sulfur compound (VSC) by displaying 6 levels of halitosis. Results: The result showed a decrease in halitosis score before and after rinsing with herbal mouthwash (betel leaf). A significant decrease in the halitosis score is indicated by the p=0,000 obtained from the results of the Spearman correlation test. There was a significant decrease in the halitosis score after rinsing with herbal mouthwash. Conclusion: The present study showed that the decrease in halitosis score is due to the betel leaf containing essential oils. The main component of essential oils consists of phenols and their derivative compounds, namely kavikol. Thus, betel leaf was able to fight gram-positive and gram-negative bactera, so that it can be used to treat halitosis in elderly.
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Tovkach, F. I., and G. I. Zhuminska. "Destabilization of the Phage-Bacteria System during Bacterial Infections of Tree Plants." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 81, no. 4 (2019): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj81.04.118.
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Ali, Zainab Haider, Wurood Hamzah Muttaleb, and Lubna Abdulazeem. "Anti-Bacterial Action of Silver Nanoparticles Against MDR Bacteria Isolated from Hospital." International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health 10, no. 10 (2024): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-10-10-11.
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Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are considered to be a major source of infections in patients, especially in patients with permanently impaired immunity. There is alarming increase of multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and Antibacterial medication resistance has been deemed a serious hazard to public health by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The study aimed to isolate and identify main bacteria caused nosocomial infection, and trying to treatments by using nanoparticles. By measuring the antibacterial activity of the synthesised AgNPs using the agar disc diffusion technique, AgNPs demonstrated antibacterial properties against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus MDR.
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Danylenko, S. G., O. V. Naumenko, A. S. Onishchenko, S. M. Teterina, M. O. Khonkiv, and S. O. Skrotskyi. "Biotechnology of Newly Created Bacterial Composition for Siloing Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 6 (2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.06.020.
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Peculiarities of high-quality silage production are the use of biological products based on lactic acid bacteria. The composition of such starters varies greatly according to the use of bacterial cultures, so among the starters available on the market, the range of their effectiveness is also different. It is very common to use a one-sided approach to the choice of bacterial components, which in combination with imperfect production technology have low preservative activity. The study of combined preparations, which combine homo- and heterofermentative types of lactic acid fermentation, allows to stabilize the preservative properties throughout the ensiling time, and increase the aerobic stability of the silage after access of oxygen. Aim. Development of biotechnology of bacterial preparation for corn ensiling, optimization of cultivation conditions of newly created bacterial composition, and selection of cryoprotectants for its lyophilization. Methods. The combined preparation was created on the basis of heterofermentative strain Lactobacillus buchneri 3806 combining it in two- and three-strain compositions with other representatives of lactic acid bacteria, which are characterized by obligate homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative types of metabolism. Optimization of the environment and technological parameters was carried out using a central-compositional plan, further statistical analysis of the obtained data and determination of optimal values of input parameters according to the created mathematical model of optical density response. The effectiveness of the selected protective media was tested for the survival of bacteria after lyophilization. Results. The most effective bacterial composition was found during experiments: L. buchneri 3806, Enterococcus faecium C-8-12, L. plantarum 3216. The effectiveness of the obtained composition was tested by laboratory silage of corn. Tests of the drug based on the selected bacterial composition showed an improvement in the chemical composition of the silage compared to the untreated control and treated only with monoculture L. buchneri 3806, namely: there was a decrease in dry matter loss by 2.21% and 2.04%, 22 due to the increase of lactic acid content, and increase of aerobic stability of silage – 341 h against 57 h of the control sample, and 313 h in case of using monoculture. For the obtained bacterial composition, the culture medium of the following composition was optimized: base (hydrolyzed milk with the addition of the following components: monosubstituted potassium phosphate – 2 g/L; 5-aqueous manganese sulfate – 0.05 g/L; 7-aqueous magnesium sulfate – 0.2 g/L; twin-80 – 1.0 g/L); glucose – 19.7 g/L; yeast extract – 7.8 g/L; corn extract – 23.6 g/L; peptone – 9.1 g/L; sodium citrate – 6.6 g/L; sodium acetate – 3,4 g/L. Cultivation of the bacterial composition on an optimized medium made it possible to obtain the maximum biomass yield, at which the optical density was 2.01 units, which is almost twice as much as the value obtained by culturing the same composition in MRS medium. The optimal technological parameters of culturing the bacterial composition were established, namely the best growth was observed at a temperature of 36.4±0.4°C with constant maintenance of the pH value in the culture medium at the level of 6.5±0.1 units. In addition, the optimal composition of the protective medium containing sodium citrate, sucrose and agar was selected, and ensures the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria 98.4% after lyophilization. Conclusions. The newly formed bacterial composition can be used for the production of preparations for corn silage, and tested on other raw materials, in particular on some perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover), and the conditions of its production can be used to scale the technology.
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Aini, Fitratul. "The Effectivity of Bacteria Isolated From of Liquid Waste Palm Oil Plantation on Ganoderma Boninense." International Journal of Ecophysiology 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijoep.v1i1.841.
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Ganoderma boninense is one of the main pathogenic fungus in oil palm plantations. Generally, these pathogen cause root rot (basal stem rot). Biological control that has been widely used reduce the infection is using bacteria. Liquid waste palm oil has potential to produce bacteria that is able to degrade Ganoderma boninense that causes root rot in oil palm. Liquid waste were obtained from Muaro Sabak Regency Jambi Province. Bacteri were isolated and cultivated in nutrient agar medium, characterized and identified for antagonistic test against G. boninense. Results showed that 16 bacterial isolates were identified, among of them are able to inhibit Ganoderma boninense.
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Priadie, Bambang. "TEKNIK BIOREMEDIASI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN PENCEMARAN AIR." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 10, no. 1 (2012): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.10.1.38-48.
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ABSTRAK Walaupun telah diberlakukan berbagai macam kebijakan dan peraturan terkait dengan pengendalian pencemaran air, namun penurunan kualitas badan air masih terus berlangsung. Hal ini disebabkan karena lemahnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum maupun teknologi pengendalian pencemaran air yang berbasis pembubuhan bahan kimia masih belum bisa memenuhi kriteria yang diberlakukan. Tulisan ini menguraikan proses bioremediasi sebagai alternatif dalam upaya pengendalian pencemaran air, meliputi: isolasi, pengujian degradasi zat pencemar, dan perbanyakan bakteri. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi yang berasal dari “bakteri indigenous” didapatkan: Microccocus, Corynebacterium, Phenylo- bacterium, Enhydro- bacter, Morrococcus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, dan Pseudomona, yang dapat mendegradasi logam Pb, nitrat, nitrit, bahan organik, sulfida, kekeruhan, dan amonia. Sedangkan dari bakteri “commercial product” didapatkan jenis: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, serta enzym Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Esterase, Urease, Cellulase, dapat mendegradasi pencemar organik, nitrogen, fosfat, maupun kontrol pertumbuhan alga. Perbanyakan bakteri dari isolat bakteri indigenous dapat dikerjakan di laboratorium sedangkan bakteri “commercial product” bisa didapatkan di pasaran umum. Kata Kunci : bioremediasi, isolasi, pengujian, identifikasi, perbanyakan bakteri ABSTRACT Although various policies and regulations related to water pollution control has been enacted, decreasing of water quality in water bodies are still ongoing. This is due to the weakness of monitoring and enforcement practices, as well as pollution control technologies in water-based chemicals, can not achieve the affixing standard. This paper aims to examine the process of bioremediation technologies, include: isolation, degradation test, identification, and bacterial multiplication. Isolation and identification results of “indigenous bacteria” includes: Microccocus, Corynebacterium, Phenylo-bacterium,-bacter Enhydro, Morrococcus, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas, which can degrade the metals Pb, nitrate, nitrite, organic matter, sulfide, turbidity, and ammonia. Where as the bacteria "commercial product" includes: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and the enzymes amylase, protease, lipase, esterase, Urease, Cellulase, may degrade organic pollutants, nitrogen, phosphate, or control algae growth. Multiplication of bacteria from the indigenous bacterial isolates can be done in the laboratory while the commercial bacterial product can be found in the general market. Keywords: bioremediation, isolation, bacterial testing, identification, bacterial multiplication
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Yaghoubi, Atieh, Majid Khazaei, Seyed Mahdi Hasanian, Amir Avan, William C. Cho, and Saman Soleimanpour. "Bacteriotherapy in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 5880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235880.
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Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women around the world. Conventional treatments in the fight against breast cancer, such as chemotherapy, are being challenged regarding their effectiveness. Thus, strategies for the treatment of breast cancer need to be continuously refined to achieve a better patient outcome. We know that a number of bacteria are pathogenic and some are even associated with tumor development, however, recent studies have demonstrated interesting results suggesting some bacteria may have potential for cancer therapy. Therefore, the therapeutic role of bacteria has aroused attention in medical and pharmaceutical studies. Furthermore, genetic engineering has been used in bacterial therapy and may led to greater efficacy with few side effects. Some genetically modified non-pathogenic bacterial species are more successful due to their selectivity for cancer cells but with low toxicity for normal cells. Some live, attenuated, or genetically modified bacterias are capable to multiply in tumors and inhibit their growth. This article aims to review the role of bacteria and their products including bacterial peptides, bacteriocins, and toxins for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Mert, Duygu, Sabahat Ceken, Gulsen Iskender, et al. "Epidemiology and mortality in bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 08 (2019): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11457.
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Introduction: Patients with hematological malignancies, who are in the high risk group for infectious complications and bacterial bloodstream infections. The aim of the study evaluated epidemiology and mortality in bacterial bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. In addition to determine the risk factors, changes in the distribution and frequency of isolated bacterias.
 Methodology: In this retrospective study. There were investigated data from 266 patients with hematological malignancies and bacterial bloodstream infections who were hospitalized between the dates 01/01/2012 and 12/31/2017.
 Results: There were 305 blood and catheter cultures in febrile neutropenia attacks in total. In these total attacks, primary bloodstream infections were 166 and catheter-related bloodstream infections were 139. In blood cultures; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were detected in 58,0% and 22,9% of the samples, respectively. 52,4% of the cultured Gram-negative bacterias were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Carbapenemase positive culture rate was 17,2% in Gram-negative bacteria cultures. Staphylococcus epidermidis was found in 38,4% of the Gram-positive bacteria cultures. In Gram-positive bacteria; methicillin resistance were detected in 82,2% of the samples. There was a statistically significant relationship between bloodstream infection and disease status. 60 patients with primary bloodstream infections were newly diagnosed.
 Conclusions: In patients with hematological malignancies, certain factors in the bloodstream infections increase the mortality rate. With the correction of these factors, the mortality rate in these patients can be reduced. The classification of such risk factors may be an important strategy to improve clinical decision making in high-risk patients, such as patients with hematological malignancies.
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Sabra, Sherifa. "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm Bacteria Using Highland-wild Salvia officinalis Preserve Bacterial-infection-control." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 2 (2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/021.
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This work for this title "Elimination Virulent-pathogenic-biofilm (VPB) Bacteria Using Highland-wild (HLW) Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) Preserve Bacterial-infection-control (BIC)"; the aim was to prove the importance of HLW S. officinalis extracts have therapeutic herbal importance. Through its effected on the isolated VPB bacteria caused infection diseases that may preserve BIC for individuals, which proved the effectiveness of the HLW S. officinalis daily use or therapeutic use. S. officinalis specimens were collected during the flowering period from HLW, Taif, KSA. Essential oils (EOs) were equipped and biofilms preparation, then laboratory methods deputy for anti-biofilms formation activity and biofilms elimination activity, finally biofilms metabolic grades measurement. The bacterial metabolic grades of anti-biofilms formation activity showed the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated VPB bacteria and effects were greater. Anywhere Staphylococcous aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) were eliminated until 60 hours. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was eliminated at 72 hours. The bacterial metabolic grades of biofilms elimination activity found the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts eliminated within 8 hours (S. aureus and S. pyogenes), PA was to 10 hours. Concluded the HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts had proven its ability to eliminate VPB bacteria, and from that, it proven on the type used with healthy characteristics to maintain health and BIC. Recommendation: That topic recommend using the appropriate HLW S. officinalis EOs extracts for individuals daily to maintain the general health. In cases of illness, person must ask the "Specialized Physician" to determine the healthy and curative amount to use.
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Susanti, S., B. E. Setiani, H. Rizqiati, D. R. Febriandi, V. P. Bintoro, and B. E. Setiani. "Inhibitory Activity of Cashew Apple (Anacardium Occidentale) Extract Marinade on The Meat Total Bacteria." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 1 (2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.1.11.
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Microbial activities cause physical and functional alteration, which can decrease the quality and shelf life of meat. Inhibiting the bacterial growth becomes a crucial effort to prevent spoilage of meat. Previous studies reported that human pathogen bacterias could be inhibited by using cashew apple juice. It was interested to explore the utilization of cashew apple as marinade solution to suppress the meat bacteria. Current study was aimed to get more insight the effectiveness of cashew apple extract marinade (CAM) as growth inhibitor for spoilage bacteria on beefs and chickens. Results indicated that inhibition zone of 20% CAM were significant higher than 0% CAM on the medium of E. coli, and S. aureus. The pretty high polyphenols content in CAM was considered as an active compound responsible for antibacterial activity. Furthermore, total bacterial count assay showed that 10 to 30% CAM significantly reduced the beef total bacteria in comparison to 0% while 15 % CAM significantly decreased the chicken total bacteria. It was suggested the range of effective level of CAM to reduce the meats bacteria is 10 to 30%. Thus, cashew apple can be a promising natural food preservative in the future, especially for extending the shelf life of meat.
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Intriago Angulo, Jefferson Javier, Juan Gerardo Quimi Mujica, Jordana Jineyka López Parra, et al. "Inhibición del quórum sensing mediante el quórum quenching en postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei." La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982, no. 23 (July 27, 2020): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i23.1538.
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Inhibition of the quorum sensing by quorum quenching in postlarva of Litopenaeus vannamei
 El cultivo del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei es un recurso acuícola de gran importancia económica a nivel mundial; sin embargo, es severamente afectado por varios tipos de enfermedades infecciosas, principalmente virales y bacterianas. Sin embargo las pérdidas masivas reportadas durante los últimos años, están generalmente relacionadas a infecciones bacterianas en particular, el síndrome de mortalidad temprana (EMS) y más recientemente relacionada a la enfermedad de necrosis hepatopancreática aguda (AHPND) por sus siglas en ingles. Para asegurar la sostenibilidad de la industria del camarón, se debe mejorar la productividad en particular mediante el uso de consorcios de bacterias probióticas eficientes para la prevención de las enfermedades bacterianas. Dos consorcios de bacterias probióticas (consorcios comerciales y consorcio CA), fueron evaluados en pruebas in vitro y en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón L. vannamei, donde se realizó la determinación subsecuente del grado de inhibición del quórum sensing de las bacterias patogénicas mediante el quórum quenching de bacterias probióticas y paralelamente a los análisis de sobrevivencia. Como resultados el consorcio CA fue el que presento mayor grado de inhibición del quorum sensing in vitro en paralelo a los mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón. El mejor efecto probiótico en post-larvas de L. vannamei resultaron en los tratamientos del consorcio CA, como los mejores supresores en la presencia de vibrios en el cultivo bacteriológico así como mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón.
 Palabras clave: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; bacterias patogénicas; bacterias probióticas
 Abstract 
 The cultivation of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is an aquaculture resource of great economic importance worldwide; however, it is severely affected by several types of infectious diseases, mainly viral and bacterial. However, the massive losses reported in recent years are generally related to bacterial infections in particular, early mortality syndrome (EMS) and more recently related to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). To ensure the sustainability of the shrimp industry, productivity must be improved in particular by the use of efficient probiotic bacteria consortia for the prevention of bacterial diseases. Two consortia of probiotic bacteria (commercial consortia and CA consortium) were evaluated in in vitro tests and in post-larvae production tanks of L. vannamei shrimp, where the subsequent determination of the degree of inhibition of the quorum sensing of pathogenic bacteria was carried out. By the quenching quorum of probiotic bacteria and parallel to the survival analysis. As a result, the CA consortium showed the greatest degree of inhibition of in vitro quorum sensing in parallel to the higher survival rates in shrimp post-larval production tanks. The best probiotic effect in post-larvae of L. vannamei resulted in the CA consortia treatments, as the best suppressors in the presence of vibrios in the bacteriological culture as well as higher survival rates in post-larvae shrimp production tanks
 Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; pathogenic bacteria; probiotic bacteria.
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Putri, Rizka Dwi Widya, and Nuniek Herdyastuti. "POTENSI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN YANG DIHASILKAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT PADA DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.)." Unesa Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ujc.v10n1.p55-63.
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Abstrak. Bakteri endofit memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang diduga sebagai akibat transfer genetik dari tanaman inangnya ke dalam bakteri endofit. Beberapa senyawa metabolit yang dihasilkan bakteri endofit berfungsi sebagai agen biokontrol tanaman, antibakteri, antijamur, antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Telah dilakukan isolasi bakteri endofit dari daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) yang diduga dapat menghasilkan antioksidan. Isolasi bakteri menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan (surface sterilization) dengan perendaman menggunakan NaOCl dan alkohol. Isolat bakteri endofit diperoleh sebanyak dua, yaitu isolat bakteri endofit A dan B yang memiliki morfologi koloni yang berbeda, yaitu morfologi koloni isolat bakteri endofit A berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian utuh, permukaan rata, dan berwarna putih hampir bening, sedangkan isolat bakteri endofit B berbentuk tidak teratur, tepian keriting, permukaan rata, dan berwarna keputih-putihan. Hasil uji metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit A dan B memiliki kandungan flavanoid dan fenolik. Uji antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada λ516 nm menggunakan asam askorbat sebagai kontrol positif. Berdasarkan hasil uji diperoleh nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit A pada fraksi metanol yaitu 201,8010 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 232,9740 ppm. Nilai (IC50) isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol yaitu 146,9645 ppm dan pada fraksi etil asetat 189,8048 ppm. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dimiliki oleh isolat bakteri endofit B pada fraksi metanol dan diklasifikasikan sebagai antioksidan sedang. 
 Kata Kunci: Bakteri endofit, antioksidan, daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.)
 
 Abstract. Endophytic bacteria have the ability to produce secondary metabolites which are thought to be a result of genetic transfer from host plant into endophytic bacteria. Several secondary metabolites that can be produced by endophytic bacteria used to biocontrol agent, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. This research has been done about isolation of Endophytic Bacteria on Guajava Leaf (Psidium guajava L) which are thought to produce antioxidant. Bacterila isolation using the surface sterilization method by siaking using NaOCl and alcohol. Two bacterila were obtained, namely endophytic bacterial isolates A and endophytic bacterial isolates B which had different colony morphology, morphology of bacterial isolate A is irregular shaped, entire edge, flat surface, and almost transculent white, whereas bacterial endophytic bacterial isolates B is irregular shaped, undunate edge, flat surface, and whitish. Secondary metabolites test results showed that endophytic bacterial isolates A and B contained flavonoids and phenolics. Antioxidant test using using DPPH radical scavenging method (1,1–diphenyl-2-picryhidrazil) using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis at λ 516 nm used ascorbat acid as positive control. Based on the test results obtained (IC50) value of endophytic bacterial isolates A in the methanol fraction is 201,8010 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 232,9740 ppm. The value (IC50) of endophytic bacteria isolates B in the methanol fraction was 146,9645 ppm and in the ethyl acetate fraction 189,8048 ppm. The highest antioxidant activity is possessed by endophytic bacterial isolates B in the methanol fraction and is classified as a moderate antioxidant.
 Key words: Endophytic bacteria, antioxidants, leaves of guajava (Psidium guajava L.)
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Goncagul, Gulsen. "Antimicrobialsusceptibilityof bacteria isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis in the Southern Marmara region of Turkey." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 77, no. 05 (2021): 6527–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6527.
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The mastitis of dairy goats is a disease of the economic importance worldwide and is mostly associated with bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacteriae causing subclinical mastitis, and determine to the susceptibility of some clinical isolates against several antimicrobial agents frequently used to control bacterial subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in the Southern Marmara Region. A total of 68 Saanen goats were used for this investigation and subclinical mastitis was determined by using California Mastitis Test. As a result of bacteriological analysis of milk samples, 30 different bacteria species have been identified and non-aureus staphylococci found to be the predominant bacteria species with the rate of 22.1%. The species with the highest isolation rate among the isolates were Escherichia coli (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (14.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.9%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the high isolation rate species including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Mannheimia haemolytica to twelve antibiotics were determined by disc diffusion method. Bacterial strains analyzed showed highest sensitivity to ofloxacin (87.9%) and followed by cefuroxime (85.8%) and cefazolin (83.6%). In conclusion, subclinical mastitis still remains a problem in dairy goats, and for the elimination of subclinical mastitis, besides protective measures, determination of the bacteriae causing mastitis and their antibiotic sensitivities should be priority.
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Silva, José Reinaldo Oliveira, Anne Caroline Santos Ramos, Zenon Machado Lima, et al. "Spondias tuberosa Extract for Silver Nanoparticles Assisted Synthesis Against Multiresistant Bacteria." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 11, no. 11 (2019): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2019.2447.
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Multiresistant bacteria represent a global health problem, encouraging the development of effective antimicrobial treatments. In this context, metallic nanoparticles like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can serve as an alternative to the pathogenic bacterial growth control since AgNPs have minimal risk of promoting bacterial resistance. The chemical methods to synthesize AgNPs involves toxic agents however, an alternative way to obtain them would be employing plant extract due to its redox ability. In the current study, Spondias tuberosa hydroethanolic leaf extract (StHE) was used to assist silver nanoparticle synthesis (AgNP) and to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of both StHE and AgNP against antibiotic-resistant bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The StHE phytochemical analysis displayed significant polyphenol and flavonoids contents, identified by HPLC. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical with an average size of 3.44–19.46 nm, characterized by UV-Vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs antimicrobial activity displayed higher capacity than the crude StHE, mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, StHE is an effective source of reducing agents for the AgNPs synthesis, which exhibit high antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Dong, Lujia. "Phage soil additives: A frontier in agricultural health." Theoretical and Natural Science 37, no. 1 (2024): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240178.
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This essay explores transitioning from traditional pesticides to bacteriophages as a sustainable and effective strategy to combat bacterial infections in agriculture. Traditional methods have severe limitations, including reduced effectiveness and environmental concerns, making new exploration essential in this day and age when technology and scientific knowledge are more advanced than ever before. Bacterial diseases like wilt and blight, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pose significant threats to global crop health, affecting production on both economic and possibly global levels. Phages offer a promising alternative, targeting specific bacteria without harming beneficial organisms or the environment. They reproduce by attaching to their specific target bacteria with a hook at the end of their bodies specified for the purpose, injecting their DNA into the host, and hijacking it to produce more phages until the sheer number of phages rips apart its cell wall, resulting in the bacterias death and the birth of new hunters. This specificity and phages ability to multiply at infection sites are based on bacterial density, while their natural occurrence, biodegradability, and ability to evolve alongside bacterial targets make them the perfect predators. This shift aims to preserve crop health and environmental safety while maintaining productivity.
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Kurmasheva, Naziia, Vyacheslav Vorobiev, Margarita Sharipova, Tatyana Efremova, and Ayslu Mardanova. "The Potential Virulence Factors ofProvidencia stuartii: Motility, Adherence, and Invasion." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3589135.
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Providencia stuartiiis the most commonProvidenciaspecies capable of causing human infections. CurrentlyP. stuartiiis involved in high incidence of urinary tract infections in catheterized patients. The ability of bacteria to swarm on semisolid (viscous) surfaces and adhere to and invade host cells determines the specificity of the disease pathogenesis and its therapy. In the present study we demonstrated morphological changes ofP. stuartiiNK cells during migration on the viscous medium and discussed adhesive and invasive properties utilizing the HeLa-M cell line as a host model. To visualize the interaction ofP. stuartiiNK bacterial cells with eukaryotic cellsin vitroscanning electron and confocal microscopy were performed. We found that bacteriaP. stuartiiNK are able to adhere to and invade HeLa-M epithelial cells and these properties depend on the age of bacterial culture. Also, to invade the host cells the infectious dose of the bacteria is essential. The microphotographs indicate that after incubation of bacterialP. stuartiiNK cells together with epithelial cells the bacterial cells both were adhered onto and invaded into the host cells.
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Banaszek, Katarzyna, Witold Szymanski, Bożena Pietrzyk, and Leszek Klimek. "Adhesion ofE. coliBacteria Cells to Prosthodontic Alloys Surfaces Modified by TiO2Sol-Gel Coatings." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/179241.
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The evaluation of the degree of bacteriaE. coliadhesion to modified surfaces of the chosen prosthodontic alloys was presented. The study was carried out on Co-Cr (Wironit), Ni-Cr (Fantocer), and Fe-Cr-Ni (Magnum AN) alloys. Bare substrate as a control and titanium dioxide coated samples were used. The samples were placed for 24 hours in bacterial culture medium. After incubation period, a number of bacterial cells were evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The study revealed that modification of the alloy surfaces by titanium dioxide coating significantly decreases the amount of bacteria adhering to the surfaces and that additionally bare metal alloy substrates have a different degree of susceptibility to bacterial adhesion.
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Samir, Safia. "Bacteriophages as Therapeutic Agents: Alternatives to Antibiotics." Recent Patents on Biotechnology 15, no. 1 (2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872208315666210121094311.
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: Bacteriophages are bacterio-specific viruses that constitute the main portion of the environment. Bacteriophages inject their genome into the targeted bacterial cells and some of them can disrupt the metabolism of bacteria and cause bacterial cell disintegration. The application of bacteriophages to kill bacteria is known as bacteriophage therapy. Since bacteriophages target bacteria and are strain-specific, every bacteriophage/bacterial host pair is unique. They are believed to cause no harm to humans. An additional advantage of the strain-specific nature of bacteriophages is that they do not disrupt the beneficial natural flora in the body. Bacteriophage therapy in the West is not a recognized medicine at this time, and no products are registered. Some clinicians are turning to bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Lack of adverse effects makes bacteriophage therapy ideal for use. Funding research, media attention, and the increased publication of articles helped in a widespread understanding of its therapeutic potential. The first prerequisite for the use of bacteriophage therapy is simply the availability of bacteriophages for treatment, which is often complicated at this stage of bacteriophage production. This includes providing access to all biologically active bacteriophages against the bacterial isolate of the patient and meeting regulatory criteria of purity, traceability, and characterization. A monophage preparation, which is a single bacteriophage, or a phage cocktail, which consists of a number of combined bacteriophages against one or more bacterial species may be used. Accordingly, the antibiotic resistance crisis brought back bacteriophage therapy as a potential complementary or alternative treatment. Bacteriophages are promising cheap antibacterials.
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Gasol, Josep M., and Paul A. Del Giorgio. "Using flow cytometry for counting natural planktonic bacteria and understanding the structure of planktonic bacterial communities." Scientia Marina 64, no. 2 (2000): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64n2197.
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Chirag, Sikander, Suman Kumar Kotwal, Shalija Kotwal, Bashir Famda, and Sahrish Chirag. "Profile of Bacterias Isolated in Blood Culture by Automated System at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India." Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2017): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.4217.5.
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Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death worldwide both in hospitalized and non hospitalized patients. Vitek 2 is an automated system used for identification of bacterial isolates. These automated systems in bacteriology are very important for rapid and accurate detection of bacterias for effective diagnosis and treatment. Vitek 2 identified 18 genera of bacterias, 40 up to species level and 4 up to subspecies level. A total of 299 blood culture were tested, most common organism were gram negative bacteria (fermenters) followed by nonfermenters, gram-positive cocci and some of the bacterias which were isolated were uncommon and not detected by routine culture techniques. This retrospective study was carried out in order to study the incidence of bacterias isolated from blood cultures by Vitek 2.
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Gan, Yingying, Chengnan Li, Xinran Peng, et al. "Fight bacteria with bacteria: Bacterial membrane vesicles as vaccines and delivery nanocarriers against bacterial infections." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 35 (July 2021): 102398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2021.102398.
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Falade, S., and O. A. Durojaiye. "THE PROTECTIVE VALUE OF AN AUTOGENOUS BACTERIN AND TOXOID AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL CORYNEBACTERIUM PYOGENES INFECTION IN MICE." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 11, no. 2 (2021): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v11i2.2544.
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Bacteria and toxin from a borth culture of a porcine strain of Corynebacterium pyogenes were lethal to white Swiss mice within 24th of inoculation. The pyogenic factor was shown to be a component of the bacterial cells and not of the toxin. Mouse protection tests using a formolised bacterin and formolized toxoid conferred protection to experimental challenge. It is suggested that this toxoid may be of value in protecting animals against the natural infection.
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Sipayung, Sri Madiarti, Winiati P. Rahayu, and Siti Nurjanah. "Prevalensi Cemaran Bakteri Indikator Sanitasi dan Patogen pada Daging Ayam dan Produk Olahannya di Indonesia: Sistematika Review dan Meta-Analisis." Jurnal Mutu Pangan : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality 10, no. 2 (2023): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmpi.2023.10.2.116.
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Chicken meat, a staple of the Indonesian diet, undergoes extensive examination for contamination across diverse regions, yielding different findings. Using a comprehensive meta-analysis approach by combining previous researchees, making the results are widely applicable and understandable. This research aimed to obtain prevalence of bacterial contamination and pathogenic agents in both raw chicken meat and processed chicken products in Indonesia. The investigation occured in two sequential phases: first, a systematic review, including literature retrieval from databases like Google Scholar, Cross Ref, Pro Quest, PubMed, and Science Direct, followed by literature screening and data extraction. Then, in the second stage was conducted a meta-analysis. Effect size measurements, primarily the proportion/prevalence of bacterial contamination, are calculated using the random-effects model via the DerSimonian–Laird method. Analysis of 44 studies from 25 carefully selected literature sources shows that the prevalence of bacterial contami-nation in Indonesian chicken meat and its processed derivatives is 32.8% (95% CI: 21.6-44.1, I2 = 99.49%). To address the noticeable heterogeneity, sub-group meta-analyses was performed, which was categorized by sample type, the specific contaminating bacteria, and the sampling location. The sub-group meta-analysis based on sample type highlights processed chicken meat as having the highest prevalence at 47.8%. When broken down by bacterial type, contamination rates reveal E. coli (45.3%), Salmonella sp. (30.6%), Campylo-bacter sp. (20%), and L. monocytogenes (15.7%) as significantly influencing the prevalence of bacterial contamination in Indonesian samples. Geographically, traditional markets emerge as the primary source of bacteria-contaminated samples, with a prevalence rate of 31.2%.
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Venkatesan, Nandakumar, Govindaraj Perumal, and Mukesh Doble. "Bacterial resistance in biofilm-associated bacteria." Future Microbiology 10, no. 11 (2015): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.15.69.
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Manhart, Lisa E., Christine M. Khosropour, Congzhu Liu, et al. "Bacterial Vaginosis–Associated Bacteria in Men." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 40, no. 12 (2013): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000054.
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Fertey, Jasmin, Lea Bayer, Sophie Kähl, et al. "Low-Energy Electron Irradiation Efficiently Inactivates the Gram-Negative Pathogen Rodentibacter pneumotropicus—A New Method for the Generation of Bacterial Vaccines with Increased Efficacy." Vaccines 8, no. 1 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010113.
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Bacterial pathogens cause severe infections worldwide in livestock and in humans, and antibiotic resistance further increases the importance of prophylactic vaccines. Inactivated bacterial vaccines (bacterins) are usually produced via incubation of the pathogen with chemicals such as formaldehyde, which is time consuming and may cause loss of immunogenicity due to the modification of structural components. We evaluated low-energy electron irradiation (LEEI) as an alternative method to generate a bacterin. Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, an invasive Gram-negative murine pathogen, was inactivated with LEEI and formaldehyde. LEEI resulted in high antigen conservation, and LPS activity was significantly better maintained when compared with formaldehyde treatment. Immunization of mice with LEEI-inactivated R. pneumotropicus elicited a strong immune response with no detectable bacterial burden upon sublethal challenge. The results of this study suggest the inactivation of bacteria with LEEI as an alternative, fast and efficient method to generate bacterial vaccines with increased efficacy.
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Manandhar, Ruchee, Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi, Moni Mahato, Sweekrity Neupane, and Rajni Lama. "Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Culture Isolates from Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Lalitpur." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (2020): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v5i1.29602.
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Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a microbial infection of the urinary system involving the urinary tract anywhere from kidney to urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting men and women in developing countries with a high rate of morbidity and financial cost.
 Objectives: The objective of our study is to study the prevalence of UTI in patients attending KIST Medical College & Teaching Hospital (KISTMCTH), and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria thus isolated.
 Methodology: A total of 3742 urine samples from patients suspected of urinary tract infections presenting with the history and symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection, attending various departments of KISTMCTH from April 2017 to April 2018 were studied. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods and tested for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
 Results: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 646 out of 3742 urine samples (17.26%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated (67.02%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%). Other bacteria isolated were Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeurigenosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Satphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococcus spp, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus and Enterobacter spp. The isolated pathogenic bacterias were most resistant to Ampicillin (46.43%) and least resistant to Imipenem (6.03%). However, the first line antibiotic the bacterias were least resistant to was cefotaxime (7.12%).
 Conclusions: Marked resistance has been observed with commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Therefore, studies should be conducted routinely to identify the common bacteria causing UTI and formulate appropriate antibiotic policy.
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Gasol, Josep M., Ulla Li Zweifel, Francesc Peters, Jed A. Fuhrman, and Åke Hagström. "Significance of Size and Nucleic Acid Content Heterogeneity as Measured by Flow Cytometry in Natural Planktonic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (1999): 4475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4475-4483.1999.
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ABSTRACT Total bacterial abundances estimated with different epifluorescence microscopy methods (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI], SYBR Green, and Live/Dead) and with flow cytometry (Syto13) showed good correspondence throughout two microcosm experiments with coastal Mediterranean water. In the Syto13-stained samples we could differentiate bacteria with apparent high DNA (HDNA) content and bacteria with apparent low DNA (LDNA) content. HDNA bacteria, “live” bacteria (determined as such with the Molecular Probes Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit), and nucleoid-containing bacteria (NuCC) comprised similar fractions of the total bacterial community. Similarly, LDNA bacteria and “dead” bacteria (determined with the kit) comprised a similar fraction of the total bacterial community in one of the experiments. The rates of change of each type of bacteria during the microcosm experiments were also positively correlated between methods. In various experiments where predator pressure on bacteria had been reduced, we detected growth of the HDNA bacteria without concomitant growth of the LDNA bacteria, such that the percentage contribution of HDNA bacteria to total bacterial numbers (%HDNA) increased. This indicates that the HDNA bacteria are the dynamic members of the bacterial assemblage. Given how quickly and easily the numbers of HDNA and LDNA bacteria can be obtained, and given the similarity to the numbers of “live” cells and NuCC, the %HDNA is suggested as a reference value for the percentage of actively growing bacteria in marine planktonic environments.
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Peláez Pelaez, Manuel José, and Sandra Ximena Vivas Londoño. "Resistencia inducida a la enfermedad del añublo de la panícula del arroz inoculando bacterias endofíticas." Revista de Investigación Agraria y Ambiental 8, no. 2 (2017): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/21456453.2030.
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Se evaluó el efecto antagónico de las bacterias endófitas aisladas de porciones de hojas, tallos y raíces de plantas de arroz completamente sanas, contra la bacteria patogénica Burkholderia glumae (Kurita & Tabei, 1967), agente causal de la enfermedad del añublo bacterial de la panícula. Se obtuvieron 24 aislamientos en total de bacterias endófitas que fueron evaluadas mediante la técnica de enfrentamiento de cultivos duales, en condiciones de laboratorio, posteriormente se realizaron las inoculaciones de la solución bacteriana en condiciones de campo para evaluar el efecto antagónico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que sólo dos cepas bacterianas presentaron actividad antagónica contra B. glumae las cuales fueron identificadas mediante caracterización bioquímica, de los bioensayos realizados a nivel de laboratorio y en campo. Por tanto, hubo una mejor expresión de las bacterias antagónicas bajo condiciones controladas en el laboratorio comparado con los ensayos realizados en campo
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Winias, Saka. "EFFECT OF CYNAMMYLDEHYDE FROM CINNAMON EXTRACT AS A NATURAL PRESERVATIVE ALTERNATIVE TO THE GROWTH OF Staphylococcus aureus BACTERIA." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 2, no. 1 (2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v2i1.188.
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Food is one of the best media for the microorganism to live and grow. Therefore, food is often broken because it has been contaminated by the microorganism. In industry country, approximately 30% of population infected by food borne disease. Food borne disease is caused of phatogen bacteria food borne. Staphylococus aureus is a kind of bacteria that can make food rotten and also it is a phatogen bacteria cause food born disease, no forming spora, positive gram bacteria and the food substance which is contaminated by Staphylococus aureus will cause poisoned becaused of enterotoxin which is heat resisting. Essential oil is antimicrobial and anti bacterial that the most effective, it can inhibit the growing of microba and bacteria. One of the example of essential oil is Cinnamon.sp oil. Cinnamon oil is antimcroba agent for bacteri and fungi because it contain cynammyldehyde and cynammyl alcohol and also eugenol. The aim of this study is to understand the antimcrobacterial potential of cynammyldehyde from cinnamon extract to Staphylococus aureus. This study is laboratory experimantal research. Essential oil from Cinnamon by destilation, then redistilation was done to get cynammyldehyde from cinnamon. Cynammyldehyde was tested to Staphylococus aureus. Test method was done as dilution in the form. From this result, it show that cynammyldehide from cinnamon extract has ability in inhibit the Staphylococus aureus growth. We can conclude that Cynammaldehyde from cinnamon extract has antibacterial effect especially for positive gram bacteria that is Staphylococcus aureus. The optimum inhibiting effort is 0.09%.
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Ayal, Esther Lourence Brendha, Kasprijo Kasprijo, Ren Fitriadi, et al. "Screening of Amylolytic Bacteria from Mina Padi Aquaculture in Panembangan Village, Cilongok District, Banyumas, Central Java." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 13, no. 1 (2024): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v13i1.39210.
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Amylolytic bacteria play an important role in the ecosystem, especially as probiotic and bioremediation agents in cultivation, as examples can be found in Mina Padi culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the amylolytic bacteria in the waters of the Mina Padi pond. Bacterial isolation began with bacterial sampling, inoculation and isolation of bacteria, calculation of the total abundance of bacteria, observation of bacterial morphology and bacterial purification, and isolation of amylolytic bacteria. The results of the isolation of amylolytic bacteria obtained 3 bacterial isolates capable of producing amylolytic enzymes, namely BA5, BA6, and BA7. The highest index of amylolytic activity was obtained by isolates of BA6 with a medium category of 2.3 cm, and the lowest index was obtained by BA5 with a weak category of 0.3 cm. The average bacterial abundance from each dilution was 2.5 x 103 CFU/mL.
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Niranjan, Pankaj Singh, Chandrul Koushal, and S. K. Jain. "Pharmacological investigation of leaves of Polypodium decumanum for anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy & Life Sciences 06, no. 04 (2017): 2685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijrdpl.2278-0238.2017.6(4).2685-2688.
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Kim, Su Yeong, and Dae Yong Yi. "Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 52, no. 8 (2020): 1288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0470-5.
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Abstract The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contribute to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. In alpha-diversity analyses, bacterial samples showed higher richness and evenness than bacterial EV samples, and beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences between bacteria and bacterial EVs within identical individual samples. Firmicutes accounted for the largest proportion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera, including Bifidobacterium, were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. This study revealed the diverse bacterial communities in the HBM of healthy lactating mothers, and found that gut-associated genera accounted for a high proportion in bacterial EV samples. Our findings suggest the existence of key bacteria with metabolic activity that are independent of the major bacterial populations that inhabit HBM, and the possibility that EVs derived from these bacteria are involved in the vertical transfer of gut microbiota.
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Burtt, Edward H., and Jann M. Ichida. "Gloger's Rule, Feather-Degrading Bacteria, and Color Variation Among Song Sparrows." Condor 106, no. 3 (2004): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.681.
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AbstractFeathers tend to be darkly colored in habitats where relative humidity is high and pale where it is low. We suggest that this correlation, known as Gloger's rule, results, in part, from selection for dark feathers that are more resistant than light feathers to bacterial degradation, which is a severe problem in humid habitats where bacteria thrive and a lesser problem in arid habitats. In May and June 2000–2002 we sampled feather-degrading bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis) from the plumage of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) in southeastern Arizona and northwestern Washington. Under standardized laboratory conditions, feather-degrading bacteria from the plumage of sparrows in the humid Northwest degraded feathers more rapidly and more completely than feather-degrading bacteria from sparrows of the arid Southwest. The differences in feather-degrading bacteria and in relative humidity produce a difference in the intensity of selection, which in turn produces the difference in color described in Gloger's rule.La Regla de Gloger, Bacterias Degradantes de Plumas y Variación de Color en Melospiza melodiaResumen. Las plumas tienden a ser de tonos obscuros en hábitats donde la humedad relativa es alta y más pálidas en hábitats donde la humedad relativa es baja. Esta correlación, conocida como la regla de Gloger, se aplica a muchas especies de aves a través del mundo. Sugerimos que la regla de Gloger es, en parte, un producto evolutivo de la selección por plumas obscuras, que son más resistentes a la degradación bacteriana que las plumas claras. La degradación bacteriana es un problema severo en hábitats húmedos donde prosperan las bacterias y un problema menor en hábitats áridos. En mayo y junio de 2000 a 2002 tomamos muestras de bacterias degradantes de plumas (Bacillus licheniformis) del Melospiza melodia fallax, que tiene plumaje pálido y reside en la parte sureste del estado de Arizona, y comparamos la incidencia y actividad de estas bacterias con las de aquellas encontradas en el plumaje obscuro de M. m. morphna, que reside de los bosques húmedos del noroeste del estado de Washington. Sin embargo, bajo condiciones estandarizadas de laboratorio, las bacterias obtenidas de M. m. morphna, degradaron las plumas más rápida y completamente que las bacterias de M. m. fallax. Las diferencias sugieren que las plumas obscuras de M. m. morphna del noroeste húmedo están sujetas a selección más intensa para resistir la degradación bacteriana que las plumas claras del gorrión del suroeste árido. La diferencia en humedad relativa produce una diferencia en la intensidad de selección, que a su vez produce la diferencia en color descrita en la regla de Gloger.
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Hassan, Saeeda Nabat ul, Khushbu Farva, and Ghulam Asghar Bhutta. "Prevalence of gram negative bacteria in infected burn wounds and antibiotic susceptibility pattern; a study conducted on stable burn patients reporting to out-patient department." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 10 (2021): 1376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.10.6287.
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Objective: To study prevalence of various gram negative bacteria in infected burn wounds among stable burn patients reporting to out-patient department on follow-ups. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahara Medical College Narowal. Period: January to June 2020. Material & Methods: Patients with burn wounds with clinical signs and symptoms of infection but vitally stable, wound less than one month old involving < 20% body surface, reporting to out-patient door of study institution on follow-ups were enrolled into the study. Swabs of infected wounds were taken and sent for bacterial culture and sensitivity to the pathology department of the institution, where micro flora were isolated and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using standard techniques. Consent was taken from patients before including them in study. Results: Total 210 cases were studied. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from 190 cases, out of them 30% were oxidase positive ad 70% were oxidase negative. Most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (30%), followed by Proteus Sps. (25.3%) and Entero bacter Sps. (15.8%) etc. Conclusion: Among gram negative bacteria pseudomonas is a major isolated organism from infected burn wounds having high susceptibility to imipenem and cefepime.
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Osuntokun, O. T., V. O. Azuh, O. A. Thonda, and S. D. Olorundare. "Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers Protocol of Bacterial Isolates from Two selected General Hospitals Wastewater (HWW)." Journal of Plant Biota 3, no. 1 (2024): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/jpb.2024.3.1.28.
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In this research work, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers Protocol was used to characterize bacterial isolates from two selected General Hospitals Waste Water (HWW). The hospital environment and its wastes accumulate diseases from both inward and outward patients. It is pertinent to investigate the wastewater and study its microbial community. Wastewater samples were collected from two major General Hospitals in Akoko area, namely, Ikare and Akungba-Akoko General Hospitals. Samples were microbiologically examined for the presence of bacterial colonies. Isolated bacterial species were preliminarily identified through conventional biochemical tests and were further characterized using 16s rRNA sequencing protocol. The bacterial gene was amplified using selected primers. DNA was isolated, purified, and amplified using 16s rRNA gene sequence protocol, and the results were analyzed and assessed with the standard bacteria sequence in the NCBI database. Molecular evolutionary analyses and Phylogenetic trees were mapped out from the results obtained. it was observed that the Bacterial counts in Cfu/ml range between 10.0 x 103Cfu/ml to 24.0 x 103Cfu/ml. The highest bacterial count was observed from the test sample from Ikare followed by Akungba Akoko General Hospitals with the Cfu/ml value of 24.0 x 103 and 18.0 x103 Cfu/ml respectively. Molecular data sequence, when compared with NCBI database using BLAST showed 99.60 –99.87% bactaria phylogenic identity and E-value equal to 0 for all closely related taxa. The following bacteria were characterized using Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers protocol namely: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. this study has revealed the presence of different bacterial species in hospital waste water which pose threat to public health. Hence, proper monitoring and sewage treatment should be encouraged in different hospital settings before the disposal of these wastewaters to the public water runways
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Zong, Rui, Hainan Ruan, Chanmin Liu, Shaohua Fan, and Jun Li. "Bacteria and Bacterial Components as Natural Bio-Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 10 (2023): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102490.
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Bacteria and bacterial components possess multifunctional properties, making them attractive natural bio-nanocarriers for cancer diagnosis and targeted treatment. The inherent tropic and motile nature of bacteria allows them to grow and colonize in hypoxic tumor microenvironments more readily than conventional therapeutic agents and other nanomedicines. However, concerns over biosafety, limited antitumor efficiency, and unclear tumor-targeting mechanisms have restricted the clinical translation and application of natural bio-nanocarriers based on bacteria and bacterial components. Fortunately, bacterial therapies combined with engineering strategies and nanotechnology may be able to reverse a number of challenges for bacterial/bacterial component-based cancer biotherapies. Meanwhile, the combined strategies tend to enhance the versatility of bionanoplasmic nanoplatforms to improve biosafety and inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review summarizes the advantages and challenges of bacteria and bacterial components in cancer therapy, outlines combinatorial strategies for nanocarriers and bacterial/bacterial components, and discusses their clinical applications.
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Diver, Jonathan M. "Quinolone Uptake by Bacteria and Bacterial Killing." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_5 (1989): S941—S946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_5.s941.
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Youderian, Philip. "Bacterial motility: Secretory secrets of gliding bacteria." Current Biology 8, no. 12 (1998): R408—R411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70264-7.
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Semenov, A. V., A. V. Sgibnev, S. V. Cherkasov, and O. V. Bukharin. "Bacterial regulation of antagonistic activity of bacteria." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 144, no. 5 (2007): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-007-0410-6.
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Riedasch, G., K. Möhring, and E. Ritz. "Do antibody-coated bacteria prove bacterial prostatitis?" Infection 19, S3 (1991): S141—S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01643684.
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Huang, K. Fon, and David N. Herndon. "Gut-origin Sepsis: Bacteria or Bacterial Products?" Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 7, no. 2 (1992): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669200700202.
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Zegadło, Katarzyna, Monika Gieroń, Paulina Żarnowiec, et al. "Bacterial Motility and Its Role in Skin and Wound Infections." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021707.
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Skin and wound infections are serious medical problems, and the diversity of bacteria makes such infections difficult to treat. Bacteria possess many virulence factors, among which motility plays a key role in skin infections. This feature allows for movement over the skin surface and relocation into the wound. The aim of this paper is to review the type of bacterial movement and to indicate the underlying mechanisms than can serve as a target for developing or modifying antibacterial therapies applied in wound infection treatment. Five types of bacterial movement are distinguished: appendage-dependent (swimming, swarming, and twitching) and appendage-independent (gliding and sliding). All of them allow bacteria to relocate and aid bacteria during infection. Swimming motility allows bacteria to spread from ‘persister cells’ in biofilm microcolonies and colonise other tissues. Twitching motility enables bacteria to press through the tissues during infection, whereas sliding motility allows cocci (defined as non-motile) to migrate over surfaces. Bacteria during swarming display greater resistance to antimicrobials. Molecular motors generating the focal adhesion complexes in the bacterial cell leaflet generate a ‘wave’, which pushes bacterial cells lacking appendages, thereby enabling movement. Here, we present the five main types of bacterial motility, their molecular mechanisms, and examples of bacteria that utilise them. Bacterial migration mechanisms can be considered not only as a virulence factor but also as a target for antibacterial therapy.
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Rosana, Yeva, Lina Herliyana, Grady Krisandi, and Erike Anggraini Suwarsono. "Profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infections in inpatients and outpatients in Jakarta and Tangerang." Universa Medicina 42, no. 3 (2023): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2023.v42.303-313.
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Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by bacteria occupy the second highest rank of common infectious diseases in the world. Empirical use of antibiotics may give rise to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria because of irrational prescription. Choice of antibiotics to treat UTIs is limited because of MDR bacteria. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the bacterial antibiotic susceptibility patterns in inpatients and outpatients in Jakarta and Tangerang. Methods Bacterial isolates were obtained from midstream urine specimens from 43 inpatients and 43 outpatients with UTIs in Jakarta and Tangerang. Bacteria were isolated on blood and MacConkey agar media using colony count method. Isolate identification and their susceptibility patterns were performed using VITEK2 compact system according to manufacturers’ instructions. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results A total of 89 bacterial isolates consisting of 15 bacterial species were successfully isolated from 86 specimens. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common etiology of UTIs in inpatients and outpatients. MDR bacteria were found in 52 of the 89 isolates. ESBL-producing E. coli was the most common MDR bacteria. ESBL-producing E. coli and other MDR bacteria showed good susceptibility to ertapenem, meropenem, amikacin, and tigecycline. There were no significant differences regarding the MDR bacterial count in inpatients and outpatients (p=0.521). Conclusion E. coli was found to be the most common MDR bacteria causing UTIs in inpatients and outpatients in Jakarta and Tangerang. Higher resistance to many antibiotics was found in MDR bacterial isolates in inpatients compared to outpatients. MDR bacteria in outpatient UTIs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.
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Souza, V., and L. E. Eguiarte. "Bacteria gone native vs. bacteria gone awry?: Plasmidic transfer and bacterial evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, no. 11 (1997): 5501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.11.5501.
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