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Johansson, Sofie. "Backpackers informationsanvändning : ett sociokulturellt perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18507.
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The aim of this Master's thesis is to examine the information use among Swedish backpackers, both prior to departure and while travelling. The questions posed in this study are; which artefacts did the backpackers use, in what way were those used as tools of mediation within their social practice and how does a presumptive interaction between backpackers and information sources appear? The empirical material consists of interviews, held with eight backpackers, concerning their information use. The interviews reveal that a number of information sources are being consulted. The most commonly used sources identified in the empirical material are guide books, advice from other backpackers, fiction, TV programmes and periodicals. Among others, music was identified as a source of inspiration. The theoretical framework is the socio-cultural approach of Roger Säljö, which concerns how individuals act in relation to the social practice that they constitute a part of. Socio-cultural terms such as artefacts and mediation are very central in the analysis. The analysis pays particular attention to guide books as these were the most frequently used artefacts among the backpackers interviewed. In a final discussion it is observed that the respondents, even unconsciously, seems to be influenced by the artefacts consulted. It is also noticed that backpackers appear to be using information as tools within their social practice. The consequences of this may be direct, for example in the way in which a travel destination can be determined by the information and documents used by backpackers.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Jonsson, Anna, and Matilda Åsander. "Unga kvinnors riskuppfattning vid backpackerresor." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46448.
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Traveling around the world is a highly appreciated phenomenon globally. In recent years, backpacking has grown in popularity. Characterised by simplicity and adventurousness, it is especially frequent within a young demographic. However, these types of trips produce certain risks to consider, with women being subject to greater risks in the society in large. This study aims to examine risk perception amongst young female backpackers. It was performed using a qualitative method based on 15 semi-structured interviews. Results showed that risk perception has a large impact on women’s chosen destination, with certain destinations subsequently being deselected. Moreover, variable risk perception can be observed over time, in response to the decision process. At commencement, high perception of risk was exhibited, yet later shown to gradually decrease as the trip progressed. Finally, an increased perception of risk was noted post returning from the journey.Intresset för resor har ökat i stor omfattning. En växande trend under den senaste tiden är backpackerresor. Dessa resor karaktäriseras av en enklare reseform där äventyr står i fokus. Backpackerresor är förekommande speciellt hos unga resenärer. Dessa resor medför olika typer av risker för resenären att ta i beaktande, dessutom kan det uppmärksammas att kvinnor generellt sett utsätts för många risker. Målet med denna studie var därför att undersöka riskuppfattningen hos unga kvinnliga backpackers. Denna studie genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod baserad på 15 semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten antyder att riskuppfattning har en stor påverkan på valet av destination hos kvinnliga resenärer. Till följd av detta tenderar vissa destinationer att väljas bort på grund av de höga uppfattade riskerna. Dessutom kan en variation inom riskuppfattningen noteras över tid i samband med beslutsprocessen. Inför resan uppfattades en hög riskuppfattning som sedan minskade under resan. Följaktligen uppmärksammades återigen en ökad riskuppfattning efter resan.
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com, Rebeccajanebennett@gmail, and Rebecca Jane Bennett. "Moving off the Beaten Track: Developing a Critical Literacy in Backpacker Discourse." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080625.140648.
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Reaching beneath the market surface of backpacker culture, this doctoral research probes uncomfortable politics, excluded voices and global inequalities. It questions why, in a context of economic inequality, environmental crisis, terrorism and war, the tourism industry continues to grow, unhampered by politically fractured and uneasy mediations of the world. Arguing that tourist modalities are defined in a popular memory matrix where the rules and norms for becoming a tourist are negotiated through conversation, television, popular literature, travel guides and the Internet, this research project critiques both popular and academic tourist pedagogy.
In forging an interdisciplinary dialogue between Cultural Studies and Tourism Studies, this doctoral research seeks new ways of theorising depost-globalisation. Market-driven renditions of the tourable world displace, marginalise and exclude oppositional, negative, violent and discriminatory narratives. Placing a spotlight on the discomforts found in backpacker discourse requires the application of progressive meta-theoretical discourses, alongside postcolonial and poststructuralist analysis. A serious study of touristic popular culture implicates tourism in terrorism, backpacking in poverty, imperialism in globalisation, mobility in power and backpacker discourse in the re-writing of a contemporary subaltern.
The original contribution to knowledge emerging from this doctorate is via the application of Bauman and Saids late work to independent tourist discourses. The innovation is formed through disciplinary connections and popular cultural applications. There is also a re-theorisation of Spivaks most famous study, applying metaphors of the pyre to sites of backpacker tourism, with the aim of developing listening literacies. My research justifies the introduction of two new theoretical trajectories for the Tourism Studies academy. The first new approach encourages and frames a listening literacy amongst tourist cultures so they can acknowledge silenced and displaced agents in host guest interaction. The second new approach aims to infuse touristic popular culture with a powerful and political pedagogy that teaches mobile citizens to read difference and diversity.
A pleasure filter obscures the costs and consequences of global markets, often at the expense of local communities and individuals. This thesis focuses on the inequalities disseminated in and through backpacker tourism. It posits that it is not only important to change the way the tourist industry operates but also that it is necessary to change the way tourists tour. Moving off the beaten track in approaches to the study of tourism, this research project forges a new path for Tourism Studies that merges cultural theory and everyday life to develop a critical academic literacy for backpacker discourse.
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Hadjipetri, Sofia. "Koloniseringen av Thailand : En postkolonial studie om svenska backpackers i Thailand." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1492.
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Det är en betydande andel svenska resenärer som idag reser till och runt i Thailand som ”backpackers”. Mitt syfte är att ta reda på om den svenska backpackerdominansen i Thailand skulle kunna betecknas som en kolonisering. Material och metod består av intervjuer och deltagande observation med sju informanter, samt fältundersökningar som bedrivits i Thailand. Slutresultatet tolkas med hjälp av den postkoloniala teoribildningen. Frågeställningarna koncentreras kring interaktionen mellan svenska backpackers och lokala subjekt, återvändandets betydelse, samt om en modern kolonisering i enlighet med Victor Mudimbes terminologi kan appliceras. Jag kommer fram till att svenska backpackers i Thailand visar tendenser och tillämpningar som tyder på en modern kolonisering av platserna de befinner sig på.
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Helenius, Jessica. "Supporting Backpackers Needs and Travel Experiences : Design implications for communication technology." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59631.
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Our society is becoming more restless and mobile, a symbol for this mobility are the backpackers. Backpackers are found everywhere in the world and represent a form of low-cost independent travellers. To experience as much as possible, seems to be a very important issue for backpackers and they have that as a motivation during their travels. Backpackers have been described as ”experiences hungry”. The term experiences, is today being used a lot in the tourism industry. To be able to predict what an experience is, can be hard and the term is hard to define. Mobile technologies are also becoming a permanent part of the our society. Communication technology are something that backpackers use more and more during their travels. This thesis identifies knowledge and design implications for a mobile application to support backpacker´s need when travelling and how backpackers define the notion of travel experiences. The result of the thesis have calumniated in a mobile application prototype that coul contribute in letting backpackers get more out of there journey. This in an interactive and social way, by giving backpackers the opportunity to be social towards each-other share information through a social medium. As the thesis have shown that backpackers wants to meet others on there journey and experience the world.
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Häggström, Sara, and Jenny Magnusson. "Den maktfulla stereotypen : En studie om mötet mellan backpackers och lokalbefolkning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för turismvetenskap och geografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25379.
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Kanning, Mark. "Influence of overseas travel experiences on the worldviews of U.S. backpackers." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1233080586/.
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Tomaszewski, Lesley Eleanor. "Peripheral travelers: how American solo women backpackers participate in two communities of practice." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/407.
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To investigate the ways in which communities of practice affect individuals' identity development, qualitative research methods were used to understand the impact solo travel had on American women's identity development. A theoretical framework developed from the disciplines of tourism, feminism and adult education was used to inform the study. Using a combined method methods approach (naturalistic inquiry and grounded theory), three components of the backpacker community of practice were identified which gave rise to a model of identity development within a particular community. This study has implications for adult education theory as it clearly suggests the interrelatedness of the social context in which this learning takes place (communities of practice), and adult development theory (identity formation). In practical terms it illustrates and also challenges the notion of identity change as irreversible, suggesting learners need constant support to retain new ways of viewing the world and themselves.
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Egan, Caroline Elizabeth National Centre in HIV Social Research Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Sexual behaviour of international backpackers in the context of travel in Australia." Publisher:University of New South Wales. National Centre in HIV Social Research, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43550.
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This study is the first to collect detailed empirical data on sexual practice among backpackers while exploring the material and social context of backpacking using an ethnographic framework. The theoretical concepts of liminality and sexual scripts were drawn on to analyse the findings. Backpackers were recruited from hostels in Sydney and Cairns; 559 backpackers (243 women, 316 men) completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. In addition, 25 in-depth one-to-one interviews with backpackers and 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with sexual health and travel clinic staff and hostel service providers. Participant and non-participant observation in backpacker hostels also informed the analysis. Drinking alcohol, often to excess, was central to the backpacking setting and was both a reason for and a post-facto justification of unprotected sex. The backpacking setting encouraged transient liaisons. More than half (55%) of backpackers had sex with someone new during their trip and for 71% of them it was with someone that they had just met that day. Twenty-five per cent of those with no expectations to have casual sex on their trip and 22% of those with no previous experience of casual sex had casual sex during their trip. More than half (53%) of those who had sex with a someone new did so while other people were in the room. Only 55% always used a condom with their last new partner. While most backpackers carried condoms and intended to use them, unprotected sex was common. Perception of risk was low: 78% of those who did not use a condom the last time they had casual sex on the trip perceived their risk of getting HIV to be ??low?? to ??nil??. Three participants acquired HIV during their trip. The culture of backpacking encourages more sexually permissive attitudes but does not encourage condom use, especially for those who did not consistently use condoms at home. These findings highlight the need for more broad-based dissemination of information on STIs to young people, and for future sexual health campaigns to specifically target backpackers in the context in which they travel.
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Dayour, F. "Backpackers' perceptions of risk towards smartphone usage and risk reduction strategies, Ghana." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849180/.
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The tourism literature is replete with evidence about the indispensability of mobile technology and the Internet among backpackers – reshaping their travel ideology and enhancing experiences. The smartphone and other electronic devices in particular have become ‘travel companions’ – permitting virtual networking and innovativeness on the road. However, the users of mobile devices often become susceptible not only to security and privacy risks but also challenges with evaluating products and services online in advance of purchases. In spite of the evidence that backpackers do have risk concerns during travel, especially at the destination of visit than before, it is surprising that efforts to understand their risk concerns towards smartphone usage has up till now been neglected by tourism researchers. Backpackers’ distinctiveness to mainstream travellers in terms of their youthfulness, individuality and flexibility, suggest that the experiences with their smartphones would be different as would their risk perceptions. Besides, past studies in tourism have been overly focussed on understanding risk regarding the use of information technology – overlooking situational factors – that reflect the context (such as the destination) in which smartphones are being used. Furthermore, there is a paucity of information on personal risk reduction strategies adopted by mobile users during travel. Therefore, this study aims to explore backpackers’ risk perceptions towards smartphone usage vis-à-vis information technology risks and destination related risks and to identify the antecedents and outcomes of their perceived risk, as well as risk reduction strategies. Employing a quantitative-dominant concurrent embedded mixed methods research design, data were collected in Ghana using a structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide. A survey involving 567 backpackers and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 respondents were conducted. Quantitative data was collected on risk perceptions, as well as antecedents and outcomes and analysed using SPSS 22, AMOS 22, and SmartPLS 3.0. The qualitative data, which also addressed their risk perceptions and especially risk reduction strategies was analysed thematically using both the deductive and inductive coding techniques. This study inimitably proposed an integrative model of backpackers’ risk perceptions towards smartphone usage by combining information technology and destination related risks factors. Regarding the antecedents of their risk perceptions, while perceived innovation, trust in their smartphones, and familiarity were found as key inhibitors of backpackers’ perceived risk, observability had no association with perceived risk. Relatedly, consumers’ trust in their smartphones had a significant positive impact on the intentions to reuse a smartphone for future travel as did their satisfaction with the device and satisfaction with travel. Furthermore, perceived risk had a significant negative effect on travel satisfaction, but not the satisfaction with a smartphone and intentions to reuse it for future travel. Also, through a qualitative in-depth investigation, the study found that backpackers used a mix of cognitive and non-cognitive (overt) risk reduction strategies against the risk they perceived. These included: 1) psyching up oneself about the possibility of unpleasant occurrences; 2) using safer alternatives for Internet banking; 3) not exposing their phones in public; 4) using cheaper (for that matter expendable) smartphones during travel; and 5) non-reliance on the Internet for information. The theoretical, managerial, methodological and policy relevance and/or contributions of the thesis are discussed.
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Oliveira, Rui José de. "Turistas estrangeiros backpackers em viagem pelo Brasil: perfil dos viajantes e características da viagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27148/tde-11012016-102615/.
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Objetiva-se traçar um panorama do turismo estrangeiro independente e econômico, denominado backpacker, a nível mundial e nacionalmente, apresentando sua representatividade e taxa de crescimento no período de 1996 a 2000. Comparam-se as origens e os destinos tanto no turismo convencional quanto no turismo backpacker, compreendendo que há diferenças significativas entre os mesmos. Abordam-se os aspectos que possibilitam determinar o perfil desse segmento de turistas estrangeiros, como faixa etária, sexo, renda, nível educacional e origem, assim como as características das viagens que os backpackers estrangeiros empreendem pelo Brasil como duração, roteiro, meios de locomoção e principais atividades desenvolvidas. Provoca-se discussão sobre o tratamento dispensado pelos órgãos governamentais que estabelecem as diretrizes do turismo nacional a esse segmento de turistas estrangeiros, haja vista que o Brasil oferece condições apropriadas para atrair os backpackers e sua visita propiciaria aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais de nosso interesse: incentivaria a abertura de pequenos empreendimentos de capital nacional, as receitas geradas por esse público seriam de valor considerável, o intercâmbio sociocultural entre turista-comunidade seria ampliado, dar-se-ia maior valor aos artefatos produzidos localmente e a maior conscientização dos turistas às questões ambientais seria benéficaThe purpose of this study is to provide an overview of independent and budget-minded tourists from abroad, denominated backpackers, travelling around the world and in Brazil, presenting its level of representation and growth in the period from 1996 to 2000. A comparison about the origin and destination of the conventional and backpacking tourist is demonstrated, highlighting the significant differences between both. Profile of this foreign tourist market segment, comprising age, gender, income, education level and nationality, is demonstrated, as well as the characteristics of backpackers\' travelling around Brazil, referent their stay, itinerary, transportation and major activities. A discussion concerning government institutions directives for determining national targets in the tourism area as for this foreign tourist segment is demonstrated, whereby Brazil offers appropriate conditions to attract backpackers. Their visits is shown to favour economic, social and environmental issues, encouraging the opening of small businesses, income generation stimulated by these tourists, enhancing a large social and cultural interchange between the tourist and the community, adding value to products made in Brazil and raising the consciousness of tourists about environmental matters which are beneficial to everyone
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Chau, Kelly. "Bland vänner och bekanta : En kvalitativ studie av backpackers nätverksbeteenden och sociala kapital." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-68491.
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Studien ämnar undersöka huruvida backpackers på Khao San Raod i Bangkok, Thailand, etablerar nya kontakter med andra medresenärer. Syftet är att utifrån begreppet socialt kapital undersöka varför relationer initieras samt varför vissa relationer bibehålls men inte andra efter avslutad resa. Då samhället består av kluster som bildar nätverk utgör varje kontakt en resurs. Hypotesen är således att kontakter etableras eftersom de kan ge tillgång till resurser individen annars inte kommer åt. Uppsatsen har huvudsakligen en kvalitativ, teoriprövande design även om inslag från andra ansatser förekommer. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer har ansetts fördelaktiga som datainsamlingsmetod då deltagarnas egna tillskrivna mening ligger i fokus enligt kvalitativ tradition. Det empiriska materialet ackumulerades i två etapper varav den första på Khao San Road och den andra via e-post två månader efter respektive intervjupersons hemresa. Resultatet visar att kontaktuppgifter utbyts med 30% av alla nya bekantskaper men endast en tredjedel av de etablerade kontakterna förväntas vara fortsatt regelbundna efter hemresa. Det föreslås att relationer etableras på grund av deras positionella tillgångar men mattas av när dessa inte längre anses eftertraktade. Personliga tillgångar visar sig mer beständiga varför relationer med exempelvis emotionellt utbyte, såsom vänskap, har större sannolikhet att bestå över tid. Internetbaserade nätverkstjänster som Facebook underlättar möjligheten att bibehålla kontakter och en klar majoritet av intervjupersonerna menar att de skulle återuppta kontakt med gamla bekantskaper om det uppkom ett syfte. Detta bekräftar teorin om socialt kapital och dess betydelse för etablering av kontakter.
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Silva, Igor Monteiro. "O mundo nÃo à tÃo grande: uma etnografia entre viajantes independentes de longa duraÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18900.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Viajantes independentes de longa duraÃÃo â conhecidos como backpackers, notadamente, pela indÃstria turÃstica internacional e como mochileiros, no Brasil â podem ser caracterizados, em linhas gerais, em relaÃÃo à qualidade nÃo-institucionalizada de sua prÃtica (COHEN, 1972). Eles assumem a organizaÃÃo independente de sua viagem, evitando, assim, a compra de pacotes e demais mediaÃÃes prÃprias das agÃncias turÃsticas. Ao configurar independentemente seus deslocamentos, buscam mobilizar valores como autonomia e flexibilidade, o que os permite, por exemplo, trocar itinerÃrios, desfazer planos e extender sua mobilidade por longos perÃodos. Saber quem, concretamente, sÃo os sujeitos desses deslocamentos, que posiÃÃes sociais assumem em suas sociedades de origem, compreender por quais motivos desejam experimentar perÃodos tÃo alargados em trÃnsito, como atribuem sentido a essa forma especÃfica de viajar e como vivenciam o retorno a seus paÃses de origem, sÃo algumas das disposiÃÃes que conformam os objetivos deste trabalho. Mais claramente, a presente tese tem por objetivo apresentar uma etnografia de viagens independentes de longa duraÃÃo, considerando para tanto o movimento material, bem como as polÃticas de significado (CRESWELL, 2006), empreendidas por seus sujeitos. Por movimento material deve-se entender os deslocamentos fÃsicos dos viajantes, a maneira crua, como define Creswell (2006), de atingir um ponto partindo de outro. Jà no que concerne Ãs polÃticas de significado, tem-se como horizonte de reflexÃo tanto as representaÃÃes partilhadas pelos sujeitos no que se refere Ãs suas jornadas quanto a prÃtica das mesmas, a experiÃncia do movimento sendo incorporada e valorada individualmente. O que apresenta-se aqui, portanto, à uma pesquisa cuja construÃÃo teve como matÃria empÃrica privilegiada as situaÃÃes concretas de interaÃÃo, as configuraÃÃes de relaÃÃes de troca, de tensÃo, de conflito, e, igualmente, os momentos de invenÃÃo, de criaÃÃo e de elaboraÃÃo de discursos presentes em uma â alegada â maneira singular de viajar.
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Hitchcock, Kelly Alexandra. "Tourism and development : a case study of Mdumbi Backpackers and Transcape non-profit organisation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013143.
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The former Transkei region of the Eastern Cape of South Africa, in common with many of the other former Bantustans, is currently facing a developmental backlog. It is one of the poorest regions of the country and is a direct product of South Africa’s history of colonisation and geopolitical nature of apartheid in which people were forcibly located onto former tribal lands, called Bantustans. Tourism is one of the few business opportunities providing employment along the former Transkei coast. The tourism industry has been identified by many worldwide as a key strategy that can lead to economic upliftment, community development and poverty relief in the developing world. The predicament however, lies in the challenge of accepting or managing the negative consequences of tourism for the potential long term benefits offered by tourism-led development. Tourism development theory reflects development theory from traditional, top-down economic-growth based models to a more wide based approach with an emphasis on bottom-up planning, meeting of basic human need and a focus on sustainable development. Consequentially new and alternative forms of tourism have emerged and can be viewed as a response to some of the negative consequences of the mass tourism-led model of economic development. Backpacker tourism is one niche of the tourism market that is providing positive local socioeconomic benefits. This thesis is presented as a case study of Mdumbi Backpackers on the former Transkei coast. Mdumbi Backpackers is a unique example of a model of tourism that is providing meaningful benefits to the people who live in this community. By going one step further with the creation of the non-profit organisation Transcape, their involvement in the community has grown significantly, encouraging positive and sustainable development in the areas of social development, education and health. Mdumbi Backpackers goes beyond the notions of locally owned and sustainable approaches and actively encourages development by setting up community organisations and initiatives in a sustainable and equitable way. This approach to tourism-led development is well suited for the needs and objectives of the community as well preserving the natural environment. This thesis presents an exemplary example from which lessons can be learned and applied to developing tourism in a sustainable and equitable way in other rural communities.
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Huang, Feng Yi. "A comparative study of international backpackers in Taiwan: travel motivations, behaviour and national cultural influences." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486878.
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This thesis addresses a number of new and unexplored issues in the context of the / macro-regional origins of backpackers and their backpacking behaviour. It attempts to make a contribution to the understanding of an important contemporary tourism ' phenomenon, backpacker travel. The study builds on previous research and conceptual frameworks, whilst recognising that earlier research neglected some aspects of the travel motivations and attitudes of independ~nt travellers. It is particularly interested in the cultural diversity of macro-regional and national groups which potentially exercise a significant influence on contemporary backpacker travel and consumption. With the aim .1 ........ .. J_ .~ of making a compar?tive study of Western ana Asian backpackers' motivations and behaviour, the work attempts to establish a more precise understanding of the complex ., associations incorporating national cultural values, perceptions and travel- related issues in the context ofbackpacker tourism. This thesis outlines some of the distinctive perceptions and decision-making of backpacker travel and consumption. Throughout, a variety of primary and secondary data have been employed. The latter type of data collection was initially obtained from a number of government reports, organisations and other companies related to the tourism industry. A combination of questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews were undertaken. The data from the questionnaire survey (n=440) were' analysed using a series of statistical techniques, such as Chi-Square, Factor Analysis, Correspondence Analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test. This quantitative approach provided the basis for conducting a follow-up in-depth interview survey (n=23). The detailed backpacking behavioural aspects of national groups and macro-regional backpackers in Taiwan were explored through the in-depth'interviews. From this research, although there are many aspects of travel motives and behaviour differed significantly depending on the cultural background backpackers are from, there is a tendency which shows that to some extent, the backpacking phenomenon has started to int.egrate diverse behavioural patterns into becoming m.ore homogenous. Backpackers surveyed from this research has showed high degree of interests in purchasing souvenir fqr family back home and trying local food and drink. The main . . purposes of travel for the majority backpackers concentrated on learning culture, relaxation and meeting people. Rega,rdin.g the travel characteristics and decision making, the collective cultural influence on Asians appear to decreasing as East Asian backpackers planned the travel within a week and illustr~ted high degree of willingness of independent travel which involv.e long term travel and trying local food and drink. Despite the emerging homogeneity between Asian and Western travellers' behaviour and travel pattern, some fundamental perceptions and concerns for the travel between different national groups remained. The results suggest that the motives of 'pursuit of psychological well-being' and 'indulgen~e of backpacking' are associated closely with Asian travellers than other macro-regional respondents. It is also found that safety and security needs are more emphasised by East Asian respondents whilst widening the mind and mental growth are rated as the most important needs for Western backpackers surveyed. To conclude, the survey results have been utilised to examine recept backpacker travel propensities, and discover whether they are heterogeneous, or if there is homogeneity between macro-regional backpackers.
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Xie, Jia. "The pursuit of freedom and its risks : the dreams and dilemmas of young Chinese backpackers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8501/.
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This study examines how backpacking, an activity originating from Western societies, is perceived and practised by the post-1980s generation in China. By locating backpackers’ travel experiences within the context of the circumstances of their life and relating it to wider society, this study not only illustrates the changes and diversity of backpacker culture by providing empirical evidence from China, but also shows how the younger generation living through substantial social transformation reflect on themselves and wider society. This research employs qualitative methods, exploring Chinese backpackers’ characters and life choices, as well as the emergence of backpacking within China. There are two key questions for this study: firstly, how is backpacking perceived and practised by young Chinese people? Secondly, are there any differences among young backpackers regarding travel motivations and life attitudes? Yunnan Province is the primary fieldwork site, and two field trips were conducted there in 2014 and 2015. Thirty semi-structured in-depth interviews with backpackers were conducted in order to examine young backpackers’ travel experiences, as well as their personal life attitudes. Participant observation was also employed as a way to investigate backpackers’ interaction and travel behaviours. Six focus groups, made up of non-backpackers, offer comparative perspectives regarding backpacking from young people who share similar social circumstances and cultural context with travellers. This study reveals that the popularity of backpacking can be understood as primarily due to how the activity represents ‘freedom’ and ‘independence’ within the context of China. Backpacking is not merely a consumption-led mobility, but also widely employed as a process of reflexive awareness by young Chinese people. Four types of backpackers, namely the amateur, the dreamer, the escaper and the alternative seeker, are identified by this study, indicating the diversity of backpacking in China. The amateur and the dreamer acknowledge the vital role of home and consistent and stable employment in their lives; as a result, backpacking is adopted as a way to escape from the daily routine and find self-fulfilment through a meaningful activity. However, the escaper and the alternative seeker tend to question mainstream values and the traditional expectations and conventions; accordingly, their journeys seek to examine the self and help find a personal way to measure success and happiness in lives. Particularly, alternative seekers find life on the road more interesting than a stable life in a city. Accordingly, they extend backpacking to a way of living and develop their own individual routines. Backpacking becomes a debate amongst young people regarding the norms and values of a worthwhile life, and reflects the profound cultural and social change taking place within contemporary China. Traditional expectations and conventions, namely stages within one’s life, such as getting a job, settling down in a city, getting married and having children, are questioned and challenged. Most participants in this study are understood to possess respect for backpackers who pursue freedom and their dreams, as ‘freedom’ is perceived to represent strong individual capabilities and critical thinking. However, they also realise that anxiety consistently accompanies this freedom, particularly within an individualised society such as China’s. In general, the conflict between individual interests/desires and the family/social obligations is highlighted by participants. As a result, the term ‘staged individualism’ is coined by this study, demonstrating how the Chinese path of individualism may force the young generation to separate their lives into different stages, defining different purposes for each stage, as a way to balance individual interests/desires and family/social obligations.
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Le, Bigot Brenda. "Penser les rapports aux lieux dans les mobilités privilegiées : étude croisée des backpackers en Thaïlande et des hivernants au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H018/document.
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Cette thèse analyse les mobilités privilégiées internationales à partir d’une lecture spatiale croisant deux groupes : les backpackers et les hivernants. L'objectif est de comprendre la diversité des rapports aux lieux produits par ces mobilités Nords-Suds principalement guidées par le loisir et de longue durée, dans le cadre d'une mondialisation croissante des modes de vie. Ces deux figures de jeunes itinérants (backpackers) et retraités séjournant l'hiver au soleil(hivernants), sont abordées de façon croisée à travers une enquête de terrain, déclinée respectivement en Thaïlande (Bangkok et Ko Phangan) et au Maroc (Agadir). Au croisement des études touristiques et migratoires, notamment autour des lifestyle migrations, les continuités et reconfigurations des rapports sociaux et des rapports de pouvoirs entre passage et appropriation de l’espace, permettent de saisir la dimension translocale des modes de vie contemporains. Cette thèse analyse finement les pratiques des backpackers et des hivernants dans les territoires du quotidien, les espaces métropolitains et les réseaux transnationaux. Avec les réseaux de sociabilité, ces pratiques témoignent d'une relation complexe à l'Ailleurs et l'Autre. L’ambivalence de ces rapports aux lieux, entre Ici et Ailleurs, requalifie les dualités classiques (tourisme - résidence, quotidien - hors-quotidien). L'imbrication des jeux de pouvoir favorise ces populations mobiles privilégiées dans la construction d'un chez-soi temporaire dans un Ailleurs. Au final, la thèse investit la notion de mondialisation à travers le croisement de ces deux figures de la mobilité. Celles-ci reconfigurent dans une dimension translocale les cadres structurants de lecture des sociétés, au-delà des interprétations uniquement individualistes des dynamiques contemporainesThis doctoral research analyzes international privileged mobilities crossing two groups in a spatial perspective: backpackers and winter migrants. Mainly driven by leisure, those longtime North-South mobilities, enable to understand the diversity of relationships to places produced by the increasing globalization of lifestyles. Young travellers (backpackers) in Thailand (Bangkok and Ko Phangan) are crossed with retired snow-birds (winter migrants) in Morocco (Agadir). At the intersection of tourism studies and migrations researches, lifestyle migrations analysis question continuities and reconfigurations of social relationships and power games. Passing and appropriation of space reveal the translocal dimension of contemporary lifestyles. This dissertation studies practices of backpackers and snowbirds in everyday territories, metropolitan spaces and transnational networks. Practices and sociability networks underline the complexity of the relationship with Elsewhere and Others. Between Here and There, ambivalent relationships to places question the classic dualities between tourism and home, everyday and extraordinary. Interwoven power games enable those privileged mobile people to build a temporary home Elsewhere. In the end, globalization can be read through those two images of international mobilities. They translocally change the structural reading frame of societies, beyond only individualistic interpretations of contemporary dynamics
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Tokalau, Filipo, and n/a. "Assessing the willingness to pay in the context of communal land values : the case of backpackers in Fiji." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080513.121054.
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Communal land values can, on the one hand, be an integral part of the socio-cultural experience which tourists seek and enjoy while visiting Fiji. Partly inherited from the land, such values are still vital as basis of survival in rural Fiji. They are passive so they do not command a price and therefore largely considered free however, indigenous Fijian landowners tend to perceive that such values are an inseparable part of their land and may often expect that these ought to be paid for when land is taken up for development such as in tourism. This dilemma within the tourism system could underpin land conflicts between traditional landowners and tourism entrepreneurs. As tourists ultimately bear costs, the problem can be partially addressed by focusing on their willingness to pay for communal use of land.
This research assesses the backpackers� willingness to pay (WTP) for communal values of land in Fiji, including their opinions, feelings, attitudes and perceptions. It uses a social, psychological-economic theoretical framework which postulates firstly, that backpackers will pay in order to maximise satisfaction and, that utilities from passive values can be derived and measured. Secondly, as backpackers search for authenticity, adventure and meeting local people they would tend to be self actualised and therefore willing to pay. A contingent valuation study was undertaken in Fiji from February to June 2003 with a relatively high participation and response rate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from February to March, 2005 to elicit backpackers� knowledge, feelings, perceptions and attitudes regarding their willingness to pay for the communal use of land.
A great majority of respondents were willing to pay. CV respondents were willing to pay an average of F$6.50 for the communal value of land but the younger, highly educated and long haulers would pay less. Though a high proportion of respondents were willing to pay because they valued the communal use of land, for the majority the main reason was financial. Interviewees were willing to pay for economic, psychological and egocentric reasons. The latter two were particularly based on their motivational satisfaction and understanding of the traditional land-based survival skills. Respondents� perceptions of communal values of land, incomes and psychological attitude were also major factors underlying why they were not willing to pay.
In light of the study�s findings, it was suggested that the backpacker concept may need to be re-examined as they tended not to be necessarily as budget-minded and exploitative as generally depicted to be. Similarly, they tended to be self-actualising and also espousing motivations similar to those of mass tourists. It was also proposed that WTP can provide a basis for economically analysing the use of passive values of environmental tourism resources, such as land, which can facilitate the industry�s ability in decision making, and management. As an incentive, WTP for communal values of land can be crucial in enhancing and sustaining tourism in a land-scarce economy such as Fiji. In the interim, WTP for communal land use could also provide informed decisions to address current issues such as the Customary Fisheries Bill. Indeed, this pioneering study examines the very issues of passive values for traditionally owned resources which can be applied more broadly; not only in Fiji, but also in other parts of the Pacific.
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Ruiz, Jiménez Harold Orlando. "Diagnóstico de la calidad de servicios de hospedaje para turistas tipo backpackers en la ciudad de Chiclayo - 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2016. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1338.
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En la presente investigación se analizó el valor asignado por los turistas backpacker respecto a los servicios que recibieron en los hospedajes de Chiclayo, basados en las 5 dimensiones de la calidad propuesta por el modelo Servperf. Se piensa que el nivel de condiciones y servicios a prestar en los diferentes hospedajes es deficiente y no se encuentra capacitado para acoger turistas de este tipo, y menos que lleguen a ser de su agrado. El tipo de investigación es mixta y es de diseño exploratoria, no experimental y de diseño transaccional. El tipo de muestra es no probabilística o dirigida. La muestra cuantitativa estuvo conformada por 52 personas y la muestra cualitativa se consideró entrevistar a 4 personas. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó la técnica de campo, a través de: encuestas y entrevistas. Los datos de la encuesta fueron procesados mediante el programa computacional “Excel 2010”, donde se usaron tablas, gráficos estadísticos los cuales sirvieron para evidenciar y contabilizar correctamente los resultados, y para los datos de la entrevista se utilizó el programa computacional Microsoft Word 2010 consecutivamente para el análisis de los textos y su respectiva interpretación.Tesis
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Edwards, Russell. "Backpacking in the Digital Age: Ethnographic Perspectives from Latin America." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5729.
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My thesis ethnographically examines the changing nature of backpacking for Westerners in Latin America amid a proliferation of mobile computing and social networking. While anthropological and sociocultural research on tourism is extensive, the social scientific literature on backpacking has, thus far, been largely unconcerned with Western Hemisphere countries and the effects of digital technology on this mode of travel. Recent findings suggest, however, that backpacking has currently moved beyond its niche roots as a subculture of independent traveling into a full-fledged tourist industry. My thesis investigates the Latin American backpacking scene to better understand if this is a global trend. The available literature further suggests that today's backpackers are represented by various subgroups including older and less budget-constrained travelers known as “flashpackers.” Despite using the backpacker infrastructure, flashpackers' disposable income and relatively expensive equipment places them somewhat beyond traditional backpacker categories. Drawing on ethnographic data collected over two separate multi-sited field sessions in Nicaragua, Honduras, and Colombia, I document the recent experiences of backpackers and flashpackers and evaluate how digital technologies inform and affect their travels.M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology
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Persson, Martina, and Rashid Yakhyaev. "Autenticitet inom backpacking : En studie som undersöker autenticitet och hedonism inom backpacking." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38687.
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Denna studie undersöker autenticitet och hedonism inom backpacking. Postmodernismen har lett till en homogenisering gällandede destinationer som backpackers besöker och aktiviteter de utför. Autentiska upplevelser blir således svårare att hitta samt urskilja på grund av den rådande massturismen. Denna studie mäter svenska backpackers uppfattningar och beteenden gällande autenticitet, med hjälp av en enkätundersökning som besvaras av 203 respondenter. Datainsamlingen presenteras i form av tabeller samt beskrivande text och analyseras med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk som innefattar autenticitet, backpacking, hedonism samt välmående. Resultatet visar att svenska backpackers uppfattningar samt beteende har störst koppling till existentiell autenticitet och att den hedonistiska njutningen är en del av den moderna backpackern.This study explores authenticity and hedonism in backpacking. Postmodernism has led to a homogenization in regards to the destinations that backpackers visit and the activities they perform. Authentic experiences are thus much more difficult to find and discern due to the prevailing mass tourism. This study measures Swedish backpacker's perceptions and behaviors regarding authenticity, using a questionnaire survey that is answered by 203 participants. Data collection is presented in the form of tables and descriptive text that is analyzed using a theoretical framework which includes authenticity, backpacking, hedonism and well-being. The result shows that Swedish backpacker's perceptions and behaviors are most closely linked to existential authenticity and that hedonistic enjoyment is part of the modern backpacker.
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Markward, Anne. "Backpackers the next generation? : a thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Philosophy, 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/435.
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New Zealand has a well-established network of accommodations, transportation, and visitor activities developed specifically for backpackers. These tourists account for almost ten percent of the country’s international visitor expenditure. To date, the majority of backpacker research has focussed on the traditional market segment of student and youth travellers, though a few quantitative studies have also researched the needs and preferences of older travellers using hostels and backpackers’ accommodations. Though more than 50 percent of New Zealand’s international visitors are over age 40, few currently stay at this type of accommodation. Using New Zealand as a case study, this thesis explores, qualitatively, the perspectives of older backpackers: their self-perceptions, their travel motivations, their needs and expectations in accommodation. In addition, it examines the points of view of the owners of small, independent backpackers’ accommodations to gain their perspectives on hosting a multi-generational clientele and on what the implications might be of expanding this market. Key findings show that older travellers who use backpackers’ accommodations technically meet all Pearce’s (1990) original definitions of “backpacker” – they prefer budget accommodations, they are socially interactive, they travel independently and flexibly, they travel for longer holidays than do most, and they choose informal and participatory activities. However, these travellers reject the self-definition of “backpacker”, an impasse that presents a lexical challenge to both scholars and tourism marketers. The final section addresses the impacts and implications of “backpacker” nomenclature on baby boomer travellers, academia, and the backpacker industry at large.
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Cai, Wenjie. "Revisiting the theory and practice of the three-layer system of culture : an exploration of Chinese backpackers' travel experiences in Europe." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813352/.
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This study initially aims to investigate Chinese outbound backpackers’ travel experiences through White (1949a)’s traditional system, which understands and classifies cultural theories into three layers (ideological, social and technological). However, this original system is too problematic to provide adequate explanations of the experiences of mobile individuals and their relations. Thus, beyond investigating Chinese backpackers’ experiences, this study adopts an abductive approach that systematically combines theoretical and empirical approaches to reconceptualise the three-layer system of culture, and proposes the ‘Fluid Networked System of Culture’ to provide a framework for understanding mobile individuals’ experiences. Theoretically, liquid modernity and the new mobilities paradigm create the theoretical constructs. Empirically, Chinese outbound backpackers’ experiences develop and complete the reconceptualisation process by providing ‘thick descriptions’ of their travel experiences in Europe. Online participant observation and three fieldwork trips through a mobile and virtual ethnographic approach were undertaken between June and November, 2014. Overall, three sets of comprehensive field notes, twenty semi-structured interviews, other supporting data (for example, reflexive notes, conversational interviews) were collected and analysed through thematic analysis. The findings show a complex and fluid picture of Chinese backpackers’ travel experiences. Regarding mobile social relations, the findings suggest that the Chinese value of harmony plays a predominant role in backpacker group dynamics, which directly influence their travel experiences. While in terms of ideologies, multiple conflicting streams of values were identified in their perceptions and identities. In addition, multiple affording roles of materials and technologies were recognised in the Chinese backpackers’ practice. This thesis then abductively proposes the ‘Fluid Networked System of Culture’ as the outcome of this reconceptualisation through the theoretical framing and empirical comprehension. The Fluid Networked System of Culture provides a comprehensive framework to explore issues in and beyond tourism.
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Silva, Igor Monteiro. "O mundo não é tão grande: uma etnografia entre viajantes independentes de longa duração." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22160.
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SILVA, Igor Monteiro. O mundo não é tão grande: uma etnografia entre viajantes “independentes” de longa duração . 2016. 243f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-10T13:12:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_imsilva.pdf: 3609443 bytes, checksum: 7a1cdf4bbe2c9172d14bb7a70218a680 (MD5)
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Viajantes independentes de longa duração – conhecidos como backpackers, notadamente, pela indústria turística internacional e como mochileiros, no Brasil – podem ser caracterizados, em linhas gerais, em relação à qualidade não-institucionalizada de sua prática (COHEN, 1972). Eles assumem a organização independente de sua viagem, evitando, assim, a compra de pacotes e demais mediações próprias das agências turísticas. Ao configurar independentemente seus deslocamentos, buscam mobilizar valores como autonomia e flexibilidade, o que os permite, por exemplo, trocar itinerários, desfazer planos e extender sua mobilidade por longos períodos. Saber quem, concretamente, são os sujeitos desses deslocamentos, que posições sociais assumem em suas sociedades de origem, compreender por quais motivos desejam experimentar períodos tão alargados em trânsito, como atribuem sentido a essa forma específica de viajar e como vivenciam o retorno a seus países de origem, são algumas das disposições que conformam os objetivos deste trabalho. Mais claramente, a presente tese tem por objetivo apresentar uma etnografia de viagens independentes de longa duração, considerando para tanto o movimento material, bem como as políticas de significado (CRESWELL, 2006), empreendidas por seus sujeitos. Por movimento material deve-se entender os deslocamentos físicos dos viajantes, a maneira crua, como define Creswell (2006), de atingir um ponto partindo de outro. Já no que concerne às políticas de significado, tem-se como horizonte de reflexão tanto as representações partilhadas pelos sujeitos no que se refere às suas jornadas quanto a prática das mesmas, a experiência do movimento sendo incorporada e valorada individualmente. O que apresenta-se aqui, portanto, é uma pesquisa cuja construção teve como matéria empírica privilegiada as situações concretas de interação, as configurações de relações de troca, de tensão, de conflito, e, igualmente, os momentos de invenção, de criação e de elaboração de discursos presentes em uma – alegada – maneira singular de viajar.
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Sörensson, Erika. "Making a living in the world of tourism : Livelihoods in backpacker tourism in urban Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Social and Economic Geography, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1658.
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In many ‘Third World’ societies tourism is seen as a force for economic development and socie-tal change. Employment in tourism has increased, new destinations have been drawn into tour-ism circuits, and many ‘Third World’ governments have adopted ‘pro-poor’ tourism policies as part of their poverty reduction strategies. However, the tourism sector appears to be particularly volatile and can be subject to dramatic fluctuations, both in terms of volumes and tourists’ des-tination choices, which means that people working in tourism are exposed to globalising forces and preferences far beyond their control.
The aim of this study is to explore the contents and meanings of work within tourism as narrated by formal and informal tourism workers in an urban backpacker enclave in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study is concerned with the ‘receiving end’ of international tourism, and specifi-cally with the experiences of people who make their livelihoods within the low-budget tourism sector, in which ‘Western’ backpackers are key actors.
In this study the tourism phenomenon is seen from the context of global asymmetrical power relations, but social relations at the local level in Yogyakarta city are given centre stage. The social relations that constitute the Sosrowijayan area as a place are complex. While back-packers come to Sosrowijayan in search of cheap tourism facilities, the general public in Yogya-karta construct the area as the centre of prostitution in the city. However, the inhabitants of Sosrowijayan draw boundaries between people and places in very refined ways.
These boundaries are gendered in the sense that above all female sex workers are blamed for the negative perceptions of the area. They are constructed as ‘outsiders’ because of their ‘deviant’ lifestyle and ‘choice’ of occupation (social class) and because they are said to be migrants from other areas in Indonesia. In Sosrowijayan boundary constructions also take place between male tourism workers who claim allegiance to different groups and categories within their profession or livelihood niche. They make distinctions between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’; the ‘insiders’ are born in the area, while the ‘outsiders’ are narrated as being from other parts of the city, or the country, and/or engage in sexual relations with Western tourists.
The study shows that relations of class, gender, and colonial and/or ‘race’ stereotypes come into play in encounters between tourists and tourist workers. Tourism workers consider themselves to be ‘providers of fun’ which means that they are supposed to meet the needs of the tourists, whatever those needs might be, such as material or sexual. In this relationship the Indonesian tourism workers might be interpreted as the racialised service class that make the backpacker-consumer possible. The study also shows that tourism workers in Sosrowijayan are not only immobile in comparison to the highly mobile backpackers from whom they earn their livelihoods, but also that they are at the receiving end of a type of mobility which is initiated and performed far beyond their control.
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Coronado, Medina Consuelo Esther, Ramírez Miguel Ángel Freyre, Trujillo Juan Carlos Sergio Gamarra, Peña Mariela Lisbeth Vásquez, and Garcia Dayana Stefany Zelayaran. "Backpacks HARK’AY." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654844.
Full textAbstract:
Actualmente todo el mundo vive una emergencia sanitaria como consecuencia del Covid-19 y en Perú debido a esta enfermedad muestra un cambio de hábitos para movilizarse hacia sus centros de trabajo, ir al supermercado, ir de paseo, etc. Por ello, el presente plan de negocio analiza la viabilidad del proyecto empresarial HARK’AY que consiste en brindar una salida para aquellas personas que muestran un gran interés en movilizarse a través de bicicletas.
Este proyecto surge de la experiencia personal de nuestro entorno familiar al oír las constantes quejas y poca comodidad que tenían al transportarse en sus bicicletas. Por este motivo, diseñamos un accesorio para bicicletas que alivie las frustraciones de los ciclistas de Lima metropolitana al transportarse por la ciudad. Por otro lado, con el avance de la tecnología queremos ofrecer un valor agregado a nuestro producto, paneles solares, que estarán adaptados a las backpack para que mediante la energía solar puedan cargar todo tipo de artículos electrónicos tales como laptops, celulares, baterías externas, etc. que será de gran oportunidad para aquellas personas que quieren adquirir más que un producto que cubra sus necesidades, también les permitirá contribuir con el medioambiente a través de la tecnología.
Para poner en marcha nuestra empresa, contaremos con 5 trabajadores y la zona escogida como centro de operaciones estará en el distrito del Callao. Además, se tiene como objetivo recuperar la inversión inicial de S/. 42,455.00 soles, el primer año y lograr expandir nuestra propuesta de negocio hacia provincias en dos años.Currently, everyone is experiencing a health emergency as a result of Covid-19 and in Peru due to this disease shows a change in habits to move to their work centers, go to the supermarket, go for a walk, etc. For this reason, this business plan analyzes the viability of the HARK'AY business project, which consists of providing an outlet for those people who show a great interest in mobilizing by bicycle. This project arises from the personal experience of our family environment when hearing the constant complaints and little comfort that they had when transporting their bicycles. For this reason, we designed a bicycle accessory that alleviates the frustrations of the cyclists of metropolitan Lima when traveling around the city. On the other hand, with the advancement of technology we want to offer an added value to our produc, solar panels, which will be adapted to a backpack so that through solar energy they can charge all kinds of electronic items such as laptops, cell phones, batteries external, etc. which will be a great opportunity for those who want to acquire more than a product that meets their needs, it will also allow them to contribute to the environment through technology. To start our company, we will have 5 workers and the area was chosen as the center of operations will be in the Callao district. In addition, the objective is to recover the initial investment of S /. 42,455.00 soles, the first year and to expand our business proposal to the provinces in two years.
Trabajo de investigación
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Talbott, Nancy R. "The Effect of the Weight, Location and Type of Backpack on Posture and Postural Stability of Children." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115391000.
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Wallstam, Martin. "Backpacker Institutionalization : Towards an Experience-Based Typology." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-14631.
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Backpacking is becoming an increasingly commonplace rite of passage for today’s independent travellers. So much so that it is not only a small niche segment anymore but is turning into a sizeable market for some destinations. Backpackers seem to lead the way into unexploited regions,subsequently opening the door for other forms of tourism. In effect, the normalization ofbackpacking brings with it questions of sustainability. This thesis sets out to explore the transition of tourism segments in destinations, particularly that of backpackers into the mainstream. It does so through a participant-observer data collection in the Philippines. The material is then analysed by grounded theory and presented in an ethnography format through a thematic review. A typological framework is the product, which brings an experience perspective to existing classification systems. Findings suggest that there are indeed nuances within the seemingly homogenous backpacker segment and that a continuous change of visitor profiles within destinations seems likely. Institutionalized backpacking turns out to be the missing link that accounts for the change from purism to mass tourism. Future explorative research is then advised, to find relationships between visitor types and to construe concrete suggestions for likely causes to the observed categorical transitions.
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Senger, Edwin. "Land Rover BackPacker : A minimal travel vehicle." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161149.
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How can reductionism lead to a greater experience and add to the appeal of a product? The Land Rover BackPacker is a minimalistic travel vehicle that questions the space and the complexity needed in a vehicle while exploring the world 4x4 inspired by the necessity of reduction in today's consumerist world to fight climate change and the freedom of travelling light. Its open design creates an interactive space with it's surroundings for 2 people which is created in a multifunctional approach to be more then a car but a space to hang out and a place to sleep in the wild. The project is highly inspired by the global adventures of the very first Land Rover Series 01 and it’s modular and highly functional design. To reinterpret this spirit and to bring it into a future context was the main goal besides combining it with the approach and philosophy of modern minimalists and the efficiency of tiny house lifestyles. Living in a compressed space, how this affects the interaction with nature and what reduction adds to the user in the travel context are key points. Finding the right balance between the amount of space and comfort needed on a trip and the openness and simplicity of the vehicle to guarantee and unfiltered experience was a major challenge.After understanding the future context of the vehicle, the design process started with exploring different packages of the car and prototyping different ways to create a space in nature in the most minimal way using Virtual Reality and quick 2D doodles. This led to optimising the proportions and the chosen theme of the design in developed 2D renderings and early CAS models. The final design concept was developed in 3D software to translate the digital data into a physical scale model in the end.All in all the Land Rover BackPacker is a reductive travel vehicle concept targeting the future needs of more sustainable and more flexible experiences. It’s designed to be part of an on-demand car sharing service which is setup globally to reach people of different regions, different cultures and different backgrounds. It provides a space for two people to move freely, to hang out and to sleep in nature. To make travelling a no-brainer, the vehicle service includes modular equipment kits which provide the things needed during different trips in nature. The user can choose from e.g. weather protection, cooking equipment, a water tank or a solar sun sail, depending on where the next journey starts.
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Shan, Huang Chia, and 黃家珊. "Photography、Backpackers、Kyoto－The Representation of Taiwanese Backpackers in Kyoto." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78045887448631087739.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
史地學系研究所(Graduate Institute of History and Geog
98
Pictures can reproduce the image of a place to create people’s imaginations and desires for exotic locations and therefore capture their interests in travelling. According to Hall（1997）, a specific landscape attracts visitors because of its pictures taken again and again. The more visitors come, the more pictures are taken. Those pictures would attract even more visitors. The landscape has consolidated its position. The pictures of the landscape has become a constant circle of representation, which has a huge influence on travelling. Backpackers are special travellers. They are dependant, and free from restricted schedules. Is the photography of backpackers affected by the circle of representation? Or perhaps we can find more characteristics of representation? This study is based on the backpackers from Taiwan, who travelled Kyoto, to examine the characteristics of representation and traveling. The research started on the analysis of the travel guides. In the first place, I found the most representative icons and landscapes. Next, I interviewed the backpackers from Taiwan, who traveled Kyoto, to find the characteristics of representation and travelling from the interviews and the photos they offered. “Disposable Camera Supply” is adopted to make up for the possible lack of resources. That is, the backpackers who was travelling Kyoto was provided with disposable cameras to take more pictures during their journeys. According to studies, Kiyomizu-dera and Kinkaku-ji are the most representative icons and are reproduced most often in travel guides; Japanese gardens, cherry blossom in spring, and autumn leaves on deciduous trees are the most representative landscapes. Through analyzing the pictures offered by the backpackers, I find out that most backpackers took pictures of Kinkaku-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, and Japanese gardens. In contrast, only a few backpackers took pictures of cherry blossom and Maple leaves because they didn’t visit Japan in spring or fall. “Season” is the main cause that affects the circle of representation. But if we put that aside, the reproduction of backpackers are obviously affected by the circle of representation. Besides the circle of representation, the characteristics of reproduction of backpackers include reproduction of exotic views, similarities and differences, curious seeing, narrative selfing through photography, recording, memories, desire creating, etc. The characteristics of travelling of backpackers have multiple values, and the backpackers view the Internet as the extension of travelling space, etc. The characteristics of reproduction and travelling of backpackers are diverse. Although backpackers are the same as normal visitors in some ways, still they show some styles and ingenuity which exclusively belong to them. Key words：Backpacker、Representation、Photography.
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Bell, Susan. "Dean Court: Backpackers in London." Thesis, 2006. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/427/.
Full textAbstract:
Dean Court - Backpackers in London, is a non-fiction text focusing upon young (18- 25) Australians living and working in London in the 1990s. The creative work emphasises the relationships between travellers living in a semi-permanent hostel in London's inner-city district of Bayswater whilst the exegesis explores the position of Dean Court within contemporary travel literature.
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Bell, Susan. "Dean Court - Backpackers in London." 2006. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/427/1/Bell.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Dean Court - Backpackers in London, is a non-fiction text focusing upon young (18- 25) Australians living and working in London in the 1990s. The creative work emphasises the relationships between travellers living in a semi-permanent hostel in London's inner-city district of Bayswater whilst the exegesis explores the position of Dean Court within contemporary travel literature.
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Deakin, Jessica. "Finding Herself: Examining Identity Formation in Female Canadian Backpackers." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3122.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the shortage of research on the meaning of travel experiences for tourists as well as research on female travelers. I examine the activities of Canadian women who backpacked in Europe and to what extent, if any, these activities facilitated identity development. The sample group is comprised of 19 Canadian women ranging from 20-40 years of age. E-mail interviews were conducted with participants to gain information about their travel activities and the meanings of these activities. Identity growth was evaluated on the basis of participants’ reports including the extent to which participants reported experimentation. I hypothesized that during travel women would partake in risky behaviours (defined as increased alcohol and drug use, participation in adventure sports and atypical sexual activities) and thereby explore their identities. Interviews revealed that while women did explore their identities during travel, it was not primarily through risky behaviours. Moreover, participants responded with difficulty to questions concerning their out-of-character behaviours. Participants reported that while their behaviours may have been atypical, they did not necessarily define their behaviours as out-of-character. Rather, participants framed these behaviours as extensions of typical activities. Identity development principally resulted from respondents having to navigate the trip for themselves, which conferred a sense of independence and personal strength.
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Brito, Bruno. "A influência dos géneros nos backpackers portugueses." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/35567.
Full textAbstract:
O backpacker é um segmento que modificou o seu conceito e estilo de viagem ao longo dos anos. Para além disso, cada vez mais se observa uma inserção do género feminino neste estilo de viagens. O objetivo principal deste trabalho pretendeu perceber qual é a influência dos géneros nos backpackers portugueses. Para isso, elaborou-se uma revisão bibliográfica especificamente direcionada para o conceito de backpacker e a sua evolução. Através do mesmo método de pesquisa, investigou-se o enquadramento do género feminino no setor turístico. De modo a alcançar o objetivo central deste projeto, elaborou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, através de inquéritos. Concluiu-se que existem efetivamente diferenças no processo de viagem estilo backpacker entre os dois géneros. Estas diferenças são extremamente especificas e significativamente relevantes face aos comportamentos adotados nas diferentes fases da viagem.info:eu-repo/semantics/draft
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Jian, Yi-Fen, and 簡翊芬. "Conceptualization and Measurement of Backpackers’ Exploratory Curiosity." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05279753131495144517.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
休閒運動健康系所
101
Recently, researchers called the type of non-institutionalized travel as backpacker. In addition, curiosity had been regarded as a key intrinsic motivational drive for facilitating human exploratory behaviors in many domains, such as psychology, education, and sport. According to a literature review and in-depth interview, the purposes of this study were to define the construct of backpackers’ exploratory curiosity questionnaire, to conceptualize its role in the destination choice process, and to develop an instrument to measure backpackers’ exploratory curiosity. The questionnaire divided into three steps of the development process and tested reliability and validity by different samples. A rigorous instrument development process resulted in a reliable and valid scale with four factors (excitement, destinations, social contact, and tourism events) and a total of 18 items. Implications of findings for practical applications and suggestions for future research are also provided.
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SUNG, PO-CHING, and 宋柏慶. "Intention of Backpackers Using Travel Experience Platform." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98wqgp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
106
In recent years, people's willing to travel has increased. Especially in the heat of self-guided trips, the demand of people for self-guided trips has been increasing. The rise of travel experience platform has been created. It has become a challenge for the platform merchants to provide a convenient and innovative travel tour. Therefore, this study explores the factors that affect the use of travel experience platform for Backpacker. In this study, the Backpacker as the research object, and using the technology acceptance model (Technology Acceptance Model, TAM) as the theoretical model, product innovation, service convenience and information security such as influence factors to construct the basic frame of this study. Through Internet questionnaire survey, the subjects were those who had Backpacker experience. The number of samples was 300, and the impact of Backpacker's experience on travel experience platform was discussed from an empirical perspective.
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Teng, Ning, and 鄧寧. "The World of Backpack─Backpackers’ Multiple Life Image." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15403245549227420371.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
新聞研究所
98
The Tourism, leisure activities and travel as social phenomenon are actually more important beyond people’s daily understanding. Comparing with western countries, the trend of Independent Travel has sprouted and grown after the end of the martial law in 1987 in Taiwan. Moreover, the term, “backpacker” becomes trendy in Taiwan after 2004. This in-depth report thesis is aimed to depict the diverse independent travelers’ practice as a backpackers’ group image, including non-famous backpackers, travel bloggers, travel writers and journalists. In the meantime, this report tries to dig out the meaning of backpackers’ practice, drawing the unique world of backpackers for the readers. The so-called backpackers always travel with the limited budgets, so they have their own perspectives about how to organize, proceed with the tour and how to interpret their own sightseeing places to practice their tourist gaze as John Urry demonstrates. This report illustrates that those backpackers could not only change their values from their background, but also learn or intimate the local lifestlyes and social values. Nevertheless, they would choose the special tourist places or set up the unusual travel targets and purposes to fulfill their own life experiences. In the report, because the recent backpackers have more diverse purposes to practice backpacking tour, somehow it causes the touristic foaming of backpacking. Take the case of “Khao San Road” in Thailand as example, the backpackers, who are proud of exploring the authentic local culture; on the contrary, gather in Khao San Road, an artificial, unauthentic area that is constructed for tourists. In the end, this in-depth report revealed that when backpackers return, they tend to share their various experiences and exotic impressions with others. However, that how the backpackers describe their travel resumes, including the choices of travel places and the explanation of travel experiences, is actually trying to distinguish and label their own tastes and uniqueness. This report also found that some people would choose to be backpackers with their special life steps. After the turning points of life stage, some of them might not use the way of backpacking to practice their travel plan, but they would still keep the backpacking spirit, in terms of the life-long travelers with independent and unique perspectives and attitudes.
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Huang, Pin-Chi, and 黃品齊. "The Development of Transformative Learning Scale for Backpackers." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15073659630698421932.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
104
The purpose of this study was to construct and develop Transformative Learning Scale for Backpackers (TLSB). There were four phases of this study. First phase was to develop a preliminary scale based on literature review and related scales. In the second phase, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were utilized to examine the factor validity and reliability. The third phase consisted of comfirmatory factor analysis and criterion related validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, and average variance extracted were also included. The final phase was the examination of the relationships among motivations, transformative learning experiences, and personal development. The results were as follows: 1. The TLSB included 14 questions under 4 factors which were” behavioral”, “psychological”, “convictional”, and “social perception”. In addition, it showed the scale has good reliability and validity. 2. Backpackers’ transformative learning experience was affected by “gender”, “nationality”, “education level”, and “the backpacker experience to other continents”. 3. Motivation was an important factor to affect backpackers’ transformative learning experiences and personal development. 4. There was a positive relation between backpackers’ transformative learning experiences and personal development. The reliability and validity of the TLSB has be confirmed and can be used for further investigation.
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Yang, Jing-Fang, and 楊錦芳. "An Exploration of International Backpackers' Behavioral Intention in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13168851380077334957.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
餐旅管理學系
104
Based on contemporary trends, favoring individual choice in a wide variety of directions, personally designed travel has become a popular choice (Chesshyre，2002; Pryor，2001; Scutte，1997).In particular, backpacking is more and more popular and reflects general trends towards self-directed travel. Hostelries must respond to these trends, and reflect global, economic, and social realities (Thyne, Davis, and Nash 2004).Backpackers are especially adept at utilizing multiple platforms to find accommodations, so hostelries must find ways to attract and retain their customer base. This study based on the research of Firth and Hing (1999); Nash，Thyne and Davies(2006), travelers’ choice of accommodations is increasingly based on price, location, facilities, and ecological factors. Accordingly, consumers nowadays are concerned not only with physical space, but with atmosphere and design, which attract not only initial interest (Chen，Bao and Huang，2014) but also repurchase consumption (Kolter，1973) .The current research was conducted in September and October 2015 in the vicinity of Taichung Airport. 356 questionnaires were distributed, of which 342 were returned, for a response rate of 96.16%.Among this group, 193 international backpackers were surveyed. Through factor analysis, it was determined that social interaction and price had the most significant positive effects on consumer behaviors. Moreover, it was found that backpackers do not necessarily choose accommodations solely on the basis of price considerations. The results of this research will be useful to Taiwan’s hotel industry as well as the further study of backpackers’ purchasing behavior.
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Lu, Chih-Hsiang, and 盧之翔. "A Study of Backpackers’ Travel Experience Model in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52097479798653039638.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業研究所
96
Backpacker is a newly developing market in Taiwan. It is important to realize the target consumer before asking for positive benefit from this market. When the economic development steps into experience economy, its emphasis is upon consumer experience. Experience is part of individual’s inward, and will be transformed into memory which engages in the future decision. The travel experience of backpackers has been paid at-tention increasingly. Tain-Cole and Scott (2004)indicate tourism experience is sequential nature, performance quality leads to experience quality, experience quality effect on overall satisfaction, overall satisfaction influence on behavioral intentions. Most of backpakcers tend to seek experience, and call themselves “experience seeker”. Therefore, this study adopt on Tain-Cole and Scott’s tourism experience model, according to the characteristics of backpacker, this research try to replace performance quality and overall satisfaction by experience seeking and memorability. This study is proposed a travel experience model of backpackers. This study consisted of 20 in-depth interviews with backpackers traveling in Tai-wan, and developed experience seeking, experience quality, memorability and beha-vioral intentions questionnaire by categorized. Data were taken from Taipei YH and Taoyuan international airport, Completed questionnaires were returned by 252 back-packers (100% response rate). Those variables were analyzed by reliability, validity and CFA, all of variables were significantly. Finally, the results developed that backpackers’ travel experience model. This model is accumulate and sequential process, backpackers interaction with Taiwan’s en-vironment, culture and society, solicit their experience seeking. Backpackers active ob-serve or participate event that induce their response and become experience quality. Experience quality will be transformed into memorability which influence on behavior intentions.
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LIN, MEI-YU, and 林美妤. "Service Experience Provided by Taiwanese Online Travel Agenciesfor Backpackers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uhjvp4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
觀光學研究所(含碩專班)
106
Changes in the times and changes in lifestyle, travel has become part of modern life and leisure, but also due to the development of the Internet, so you want to collect travel information on the network is not a difficult thing, thus contributing to many people Start thinking of backpack travel, and backpackers are the most commonly used online travel site, including booking air tickets, booking hotels, booking tickets, searching travel tips, almost all by different functions of the online travel site reached. But for backpackers are the service functions currently provided by Taiwan's backpackers on line with the expectations of backpackers? This study is mainly aimed of active online travel agancy staff, but also had a backpack experience for the study, and for the backpackers before and after the trip provided by the network service functions, collect the material by way of the in-depth interviews as the basis for the analysis and discussion in this research, hoping to provide the backpackers's needs to the online travel agency as a reference for improvement and reference.There are four conclusions: 1、Due to availability of online travel information, backpacking will be the future trend. 2、The use of sharing economy to reduce travel costs has been gradually accepted. 3、Demand for local tour will have more demand due to the increase of backpackers. 4、Cultural experience tour will be one of the tourist destinations.
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Su, Wei-li, and 蘇維莉. "A Study of Self-Actualizational Experience of Non-Institutional Backpackers." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95225604154424771337.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
景觀與遊憩研究所
95
This study explores the self-actualizational experience of contemporary travelers who are engaged in non-institutional backpacking in terms of social contexts and individual perspectives. Having conducting eight “in-depth interviews” of non-institutional backpackers and ”content analyses” of fifteen traveling books and two reports of magazines, my study points out that the desires motivating non-institutional backpackers include wondering about the world, chasing after novelty and excitement, and escaping the fetters of living and dialoging with self. Furthermore, the meanings of travel for non-institutional backpackers are testing for information, feeling the conditions and atmosphere and expecting circumstance of traveling. Finally, when back from the journey, the non-institutional backpackers come up with their own definitions of traveling and reflex on themselves. I conclude my study by the followings: 1) Non-institutional backpacking offers travelers alternative travelling experiences that contribute to their self-development. 2) Non-institutional backpacking is not only a type of lifestyle for travelers, but also a powerful means for their self- actualization.
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Chiang, Cheng-Che, and 蔣政哲. "Research on the Travel Experience of Domestic Backpackers Using APPs." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02346285911138078716.
Full textAbstract:
碩士康寧大學
休閒管理研究所
102
Travel and tourism have become important economic activities in the world. Due to the rapid development of technology and the improvement of living standard, more and more backpacking trips are taken in Taiwan. Through literature review and interviewing experts, the study summarized five dimensions (function, hedonic, innovation, aesthetics, and sign)of travel experience and 15 criteria. This study adopted questionnaire survey method. 15 domestic backpackers using APPs were surveyed. The DEMATEL was used to analyze the key factor among the dimensions and criteria. The results were summarized as follows: I. The effects among the dimensions of travel experience of domestic backpackers: The dimension of function was the most influential dimension for travel experience. The dimension of the hedonic was the most influenced dimension. II. The effects among the criteria of the dimensions: 1.The dimension of function: "Knowledge" and "Utility" were the most influential, and "Uncertainty" was the most influenced. 2.The dimension of hedonic :"Sense" and "Experience" were the most influential, and "Emotion" was the most influenced. 3.The dimension of innovation:"Creativity" was the most influential, and "Novelty" and "Diversity" were the most influenced. 4.The dimension of aesthetics:"Image" was the most influential, and "Imagination" was the most influenced. 5.The dimension of sign:"Symbol" was the most influential, and "Sociability" was the most influenced. Therefore, if the dimension of function and the criteria of Knowledge, Utility, Sense, Experience, Creation, Image and Symbol are improved, it will be helpful to expand the travel experience of domestic backpackers using APPs.
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Yeh, Chih-Ling, and 葉芝伶. "The Study of Oversea Backpackers' Travel Experiences with Travel Companions." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66779478648519769522.
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碩士南華大學
旅遊管理學系旅遊管理碩士班
103
The pupose of the study is to understand oversea backpackers’ travel experience with travel companions. Qualitative research was applied to explore the interaction process with travl compaions before, during, and after the trip. First, the study collected interview records from seven experienced oversea backpackers by applying case study research and semi structured interview. The study also collected materials by using pictures and literature. The next section of the study is to form a list of key words and their frequency. In addition, we appied the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) to explore the network among the keywords to realize the relationships among the backpackers’ thoughts.This study aims to apply qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore the backpackers’ most influential factors.
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Chang, Yu-Ju, and 張聿如. "A Study of Travel Risk Perception and Related Tendency in Backpackers." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45758925738550223702.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立台北護理學院
旅遊健康研究所
95
There are a group of unique tourists enjoying “backpacking” trip, named as the backpacker currently. The purpose of this study possessed several fold: (a).to investigate the background and self-value of backpackers;(b).to investigate the backpacker’s perception on the travel risks and the related handling;(c).to investigate the backpacker’s tendency to skip the travel risk;(d).to understand the relationship among backpacker’s background, the situation of itinerary organizing and personal tendency. In this study, we carried it out under the mainly qualitative and descriptive research method with in-depth interview approach to explore the risk perception for backpacker and to spare the dangerous situation during the journey. Totally there were eight subjects who agree to take part in this study. The results revealed that there were multi-dimensional for related risk perception, i.e. “self-protection mechanism”, “problem-solving ability”, “other’s influence”, “self-assure”, “experience accumulation”. Under these risk perception, they generated some unique travel considerations and experiences with coping, that could be divided into “well prepared for self ascertaining”, “the statement for easy-going”, “to enjoy surprising”. Finally, travel tendency could generate some special phenomenon, including “freedom”, “to try and adventure directly”, “executive competency” and “self-challenge”. Conclusively, most interviewees had set up a travel risk protection mechanism based on different situations. Through this study, we expect “backpacker” could enjoy their liberal traveling safely and provide more useful & practical information for those who might join the line of the backpackers.
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Tung, YuYun, and 董玉芸. "The Consumer Behavior of Island Backpackers – A Case Study in Kinmen." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22384126135936327991.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立金門大學
觀光管理學系
100
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors considered by the individual travelers to Kinmen when they plan a trip and the influence of the factors on decision making of consumers. The questionnaires are used as the main method in survey. Among the individual travelers who had been to Kinmen, 610 subjects are selected and surveyed with questionnaire; 596 subjects response the questionnaire; 563 effective questionnaires are achieved (the effective response rate is 94%). The questions asked in the questionnaire are measured by several author-modified indexes, including motivation/demand, information search, destination image and travel behavior. These data are then analyzed by SPSS software for statistic, such as descriptive statistics, reliability test, factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and regression. The results show that 1) the travel motivation is mainly for relaxation, 2) the information search is inclined to refer to the exterior sources, 3) the destination image is safety, leisure and relaxation, 4) positive behavior and perception are shown after travel, 5) tourists with higher travel motivation tend to search travel information from exterior sources, 6) the importance of and identification with destination image is positively correlated to the magnitude of and direction of information search respectively, 7) travel motivation is positively correlated to travel destination, 8) travel motivation, information search and destination image significantly influence travel decision making, 9) the higher travel motivation, the higher positive after-travel behavior, 10) the more information search, the more positive after-travel behavior, 11) destination image influences after-travel behavior, 12) the consumer behaviors and decision making are varied by the population characteristics of sampled subjects. The author then provides some suggestions based on the research results and findings that 1) on differentiation of tourism market, maintain the current advantageous niche market and create memorable experiences in terms of highlighting locality, 2) on provision of travel information, upgrade service quality for word-of-mouth communication, utilize internet media as a channel and impress the tourists with mass media promotion, 3) on the formation of destination image, develop diversified and night events, improve the capacity and quality of transportation, and ameliorate the quality of accommodation and shopping environment, 4) on administrative organizations, provide professional trainings for tourism, combine BOT projects with locality, utilize CDP to help tourists make travel decision, and finally consider the specialty of islands and upon that make policy planning.
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Chen, Mei-Yu, and 陳玫瑜. "Explore backpackers’ motivation, satisfaction, resistance and future intentions towards couch-surfing." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35640694281594696271.
Full textAbstract:
碩士康寧大學
休閒資源暨綠色產業研究所
100
Couch-surfing (Couch Surfing, CS) is a type of mutual tourism emerged during recent years. The correlation between backpackers and couch-surfing is very interesting and worthwhile for us to take a closer look. This study was researched using literature analysis, expert interviews, and online questionnaires. Based on willingness to participate in couch- surfing, the questionnaire is classified into three categories: "Category A – Couch-surfers", "Category B – Willing to couch-surf, but has no prior experience "Category C – Unwilling to couch-surf" to explore backpackers’s motivation, satisfaction, resistance and future intentions towards couch-surfing. Use descriptive statistics, single factor analysis of variance, independent samples T-test, cross-analysis, chi-square distribution, and Pearson correlation statistical analysis. Results are as follows: 1. Significant differences in backpackers’ background for the three categories. 2. Motivation levels are significantly different for the three categories. 3. Category A and category B are significantly different in future intentions. 4. Category B and category C is significant different in resistance. 5. Significant relationship between travel motivation, satisfaction and future intentions. 6. No siginificant relationship between travel motivation, resistance, and future intentions. Results of this study can provide research references for tourism-related agencies, backpackers, tourism research units and experts.
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Chung, Yu-Tung, and 鍾育東. "Mandarin Text Mining in Tourism: A Case Study of Backpackers Forum." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36qy8k.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
資訊管理學系
107
With the rapid growth of the Internet, the world wide web has become the most important source of our daily information. Social media and online forums have enabled online users to express their opinions, which is called "User-Generated Content". These user-generated contents are more likely to gain trust from other users and everyone can write their own posts. On the other hand, tourism has always been one of the most info-heavy tasks. From collecting the scenery spot, planning the transportation, to the food or anything else, all of these rely on a thorough study to arrange a wonderful trip. But nowadays online information about tourist attraction is more route-oriented and lack of overall recommendation or probe into the difference between the two countries in a specific region. Thus, this research utilizes the posts on the famous Taiwanese tourist website "Backpackers Forum", comparing the difference of most interesting topic/words in different forum section/geographic area, in expectation to find the unique characteristics of the areas and serve as an insight for travel agency. To do so, this research uses Python to write a web crawler to crawl and store the posts on different sections of the forum, and use TF-IDF to calculate the most frequent words/topics and compared with other section to find the different patterns. The research has the finding as below. First, regardless of the geographical hierarchy, the most common topics are tourist spot of the region, transportation, lodging, and budget & visa. Second, we can observe the relationship between two locations, and the relation is uni-direction. Third, the research use association rules analysis to visualize the relationship between the words, giving a better understanding of the connection of the topics.
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Chiao, Chia-Hung, and 焦佳弘. "From backpackers to waged labors： Experiences of Taiwanese in Australian Working Holiday." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5jx2vg.
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Nguyen, Minh Huan, and 阮明勳. "A Study on the Destination Choice Factors of International Backpackers in Vietnam." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06773249830474649000.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業學系
102
International tourism in the current globalization trends is inevitable and objective for all countries in all era, whether developed or developing. Today, international tourism organizations are increasing. They occupy a large proportion of the national income of many countries around the world. Tourism is a key to bring prosperity to both rich and poor countries, which account for 40% of global trade services (UNWTO, 2012). Vietnam Government has implemented many methods to attract international backpackers. A successful business is a business that has the capability to select and offer the right services or products to customers. Understanding about the customers and then selling the right products or services to right customers are the important processes of a business. This paper will mainly explore the major factors that may influence the choice of destination in Vietnam for international backpackers based on three respects: travel motivation, socio-demographic attributes, and tourists’ image of Vietnam. This study is based on both theoretical and empirical. The theory that used in this study is a set of concepts and definitions about tourism destination, destination image, tourism destination marketing and customer behavior in the travel sector.