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Journal articles on the topic 'Background Theory'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Martin, R. L. "Theory and background." Polyhedron 7, no. 21 (January 1988): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)81815-x.

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2

Bond, J. R. "Cosmic microwave background theory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 1 (January 6, 1998): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.1.35.

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3

Bendickson, Josh, Jeffrey Muldoon, Eric W. Liguori, and Phillip E. Davis. "Agency Theory: Background and Epistemology." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 12665. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.12665abstract.

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4

Golia, Angelo Jr, and Gunther Teubner. "Societal Constitutionalism: Background, Theory, Debates." ICL Journal 15, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 357–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2021-0023.

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Abstract The article provides a systematic outline and refinement of societal constitutionalism (SC), one of the frameworks emerged in contemporary legal theory to analyse constitutional phenomena. After an introduction in Section 1, Section 2 summarises SC’s theoretical background, namely the debates on the Economic Constitution (2.1), legal pluralism (2.2), systems theory (2.3), and the work of David Sciulli (2.4). Section 3 explains SC’s analytical limb, which on the one hand criticises some tenets of state-centred constitutionalism (3.1); and on the other hand identifies functions, arenas, processes, and structures of a constitutionalised social system (3.2). Section 4 turns to SC’s normative limb, pointing to some constitutional strategies that increase social systems’ capacities of self-limitation (4.1); and develop a law of inter-constitutional collisions (4.2). Section 5 addresses the main competing approaches and criticisms, which are based on state-centred constitutionalism (5.1); on international/global constitutionalism (5.2); and on contestatory/material constitutionalism (5.3).
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5

Jr., Woodrow W. Clark. "Science parks: theory and background." International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation 2, no. 2 (2003): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijttc.2003.003165.

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6

Takabayashi, T. "Philosophical Background of Yukawa Theory." Progress of Theoretical Physics 87, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp/87.3.799.

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7

Bendickson, Josh, Jeff Muldoon, Eric W. Liguori, and Phillip E. Davis. "Agency theory: background and epistemology." Journal of Management History 22, no. 4 (September 12, 2016): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-06-2016-0028.

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Purpose By revisiting the agency theory literature, this paper aims to both incrementally advance historical viewpoints and reveal four prominent influences on agency theory: Weber and Simon, The Great Depression, Cooperation and the Chicago School. This is critical given that understanding the history behind the authors’ major theoretical lenses is fundamental to using these theories to explain various phenomena. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a plethora of archival sources and following the influence-mapping approach used by other management history scholars, this manuscript synthesizes historical accounts and archival information to provide a clearer picture of the major historical influences in the formation of agency theory. Findings We shed light on four areas related to management history that helped propel agency theory. Whereas past scholarship has not recognised them as influencers, we find and show how the industrial revolution, unionization, the stock exchange and other management approaches all played a role in the development of agency theory’s core tenants. Originality/value We extend upon the influential people and events that shaped agency theory, thus providing a fuller understanding of the theory’s usefulness. Moreover, we fill in gaps enabling scholars to better understand the context in which the core tenants of agency theory were developed.
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8

Hohm, Olaf. "Background independence in string theory." International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, no. 14 (October 2018): 1847026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271818470260.

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I discuss various aspects of background independence in the context of string theory, for which so far we have no manifestly background independent formulation. After reviewing the role of background independence in classical Einstein gravity, I discuss recent results implying that there is a conflict in string theory between manifest background independence and manifest duality invariance when higher-derivative corrections are included. The resolution of this conflict requires the introduction of new gauge degrees of freedom together with an enlarged gauge symmetry. This suggests more generally that a manifestly background independent and duality invariant formulation of string theory requires significantly enhanced gauge symmetries.
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9

Lehman, Meir M., and Juan F. Ramil. "Software evolution—Background, theory, practice." Information Processing Letters 88, no. 1-2 (October 2003): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0190(03)00382-x.

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10

Elgammal, Ahmed. "Background Subtraction: Theory and Practice." Synthesis Lectures on Computer Vision 5, no. 1 (December 2014): 1–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00613ed1v01y201411cov006.

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11

Morris, T. R., and B. Spence. "Background independent string field theory." Nuclear Physics B 316, no. 1 (April 1989): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(89)90389-1.

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12

Niederman, Fred. "Process Theory: Background, Opportunity, and Challenges." Foundations and Trends® in Information Systems 5, no. 1–2 (2021): 1–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/2900000017.

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13

Goodman, Jeffrey. "Pretense Theory and the Imported Background." Open Journal of Philosophy 01, no. 01 (2011): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2011.11004.

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14

Kleist, Virginia Franke. "Process Theory: Background, Opportunity and Challenges." Journal of Global Information Technology Management 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1097198x.2021.1996924.

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15

Takabayasi, Takehiko. "Appendix. Philosophical Background of Yukawa Theory." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 105 (1991): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.105.18.

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16

Dietrich, Dennis D., Paul Hoyer, Matti Järvinen, and Stéphane Peigné. "Perturbative gauge theory in a background." Journal of High Energy Physics 2007, no. 03 (March 23, 2007): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2007/03/105.

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17

Ornstein, Leonard. "DISC ELECTROPHORESIS-I BACKGROUND AND THEORY*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 121, no. 2 (December 16, 2006): 321–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14207.x.

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18

Louis, Jan, and Andrei Micu. "Heterotic string theory with background fluxes." Nuclear Physics B 626, no. 1-2 (April 2002): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(02)00040-8.

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19

Aref'eva, I. Ya, P. B. Medvedev, and A. P. Zubarev. "Background formalism for superstring field theory." Physics Letters B 240, no. 3-4 (April 1990): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)91112-o.

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20

Gott, J. Richard, III, Changbom Park, Roman Juszkiewicz, William E. Bies, David P. Bennett, Francois R. Bouchet, and Albert Stebbins. "Topology of microwave background fluctuations - Theory." Astrophysical Journal 352 (March 1990): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/168511.

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21

Goldbarth, Albert. "Background." Chicago Review 41, no. 4 (1995): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305990.

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22

Choudhury, Sayantan. "Cosmic Microwave Background from Effective Field Theory †." Universe 5, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060155.

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In this work, we study the key role of generic Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework to quantify the correlation functions in a quasi de Sitter background for an arbitrary initial choice of the quantum vacuum state. We perform the computation in unitary gauge, in which we apply the St u ¨ ckelberg trick in lowest dimensional EFT operators which are broken under time diffeomorphism. In particular, using this non-linear realization of broken time diffeomorphism and truncating the action by considering the contribution from two derivative terms in the metric, we compute the two-point and three-point correlations from scalar perturbations and two-point correlation from tensor perturbations to quantify the quantum fluctuations observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) map. We also use equilateral limit and squeezed limit configurations for the scalar three-point correlations in Fourier space. To give future predictions from EFT setup and to check the consistency of our derived results for correlations, we use the results obtained from all classes of the canonical single-field and general single-field P ( X , ϕ ) model. This analysis helps us to fix the coefficients of the relevant operators in EFT in terms of the slow-roll parameters and effective sound speed. Finally, using CMB observations from Planck we constrain all these coefficients of EFT operators for the single-field slow-roll inflationary paradigm.
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23

Moss, Brian, and R. P. McIntosh. "The Background of Ecology: Concept and Theory." Journal of Ecology 75, no. 1 (March 1987): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260555.

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24

Glidden, David K. "Hellenistic Background for Gassendi's Theory of Ideas." Journal of the History of Ideas 49, no. 3 (July 1988): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2709485.

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25

NAGASAKA, Ichiro. "IDEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER'S LATER THEORY." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 78, no. 686 (2013): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.78.925.

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26

Kallosh, Renata, and Andrei Linde. "Testing string theory with cosmic microwave background." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2007, no. 04 (April 25, 2007): 017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2007/04/017.

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27

Scott, Bruce D. "Tokamak edge turbulence: background theory and computation." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49, no. 7 (June 5, 2007): S25—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/49/7/s02.

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28

Lucas, Samuel R. "Stratification Theory, Socioeconomic Background, and Educational Attainment." Rationality and Society 21, no. 4 (October 16, 2009): 459–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463109348987.

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29

Williams, D. E., A. R. J. Kucernak, and R. Peat. "Photoelectrochemical imaging—part I. Background and theory." Electrochimica Acta 38, no. 1 (January 1993): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(93)80010-w.

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30

Duffey, Eric. "The background of ecology. Concept and theory." Biological Conservation 44, no. 4 (1988): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90025-0.

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31

Ichinose, Shoichi. "Background-field approach to extended string theory." Physics Letters B 209, no. 4 (August 1988): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(88)91174-4.

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32

Quiggin, John. "Background risk in generalized expected utility theory." Economic Theory 22, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-002-0311-x.

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33

Davies, M. S. "The background of ecology. Concept and theory." Endeavour 10, no. 1 (January 1986): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(86)90051-7.

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34

Witten, Edward. "On background-independent open-string field theory." Physical Review D 46, no. 12 (December 15, 1992): 5467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.46.5467.

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35

Pronskikh, V. S. "Experimental background and theory ladenness of experimentation." Belgrade Philosophical Annual, no. 29 (2016): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bpa1629079p.

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36

Harris, Grant A., and Robert P. McIntosh. "The Background of Ecology: Concept & Theory." Journal of Range Management 41, no. 3 (May 1988): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899189.

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37

Torrieri, Giorgio. "Holography in a background-independent effective theory." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 12, no. 07 (July 10, 2015): 1550075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887815500759.

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We discuss the meaning of the strong equivalence principle when applied to a quantum field theory. We show that, because of unitary inequivalence of accelerated frames, the only way for the strong equivalence principle to apply exactly is to add a boundary term representing the decoherence of degrees of freedom leaving the observable region of the bulk. We formulate the constraints necessary for the partition function to be covariant with respect to non-inertial transformations and argue that, when the non-unitary part is expressed as a functional integral over the horizon, holography arises naturally as a consequence of the equivalence principle.
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38

Badalian, A. M. "The Static Force in Background Perturbation Theory." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 68, no. 4 (2005): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1903088.

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39

Hannestad, Steen, and Jacob Brandbyge. "The Cosmic Neutrino Background anisotropy — linear theory." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2010, no. 03 (March 10, 2010): 020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2010/03/020.

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40

Zhu, Weimo, Judy Rink, Judith H. Placek, Kim C. Graber, Connie Fox, Jennifer L. Fisette, Ben Dyson, et al. "PE Metrics: Background, Testing Theory, and Methods." Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 15, no. 2 (April 2011): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1091367x.2011.568363.

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41

Girlanda, L., A. Rusetsky, and W. Weise. "Chiral perturbation theory in a nuclear background." Annals of Physics 312, no. 1 (July 2004): 92–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2004.01.010.

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42

Buchbinder, I. L. "Towards string theory in massive background fields." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 49, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(96)00326-x.

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43

Hutchings, Michael J. "The background of ecology: Concept and theory." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 4 (April 1987): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(87)90170-4.

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44

Nasirova, Dr Saodat A. "PRINCIPLES FOR TRANSLATING VOCABULARY WITH BACKGROUND INFORMATION." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 07 (July 1, 2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-07-15.

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This article has incorporated the content analysis material and the problems of translating the socio-political terminology of the modern Chinese language. The question of the theory of translation, the main imperatives of this field, as well as the question of the formation of the main directions of development of the theory of translation in ancient China is touched upon. The lexica-stylistic and semantic features of terms have an important role in the study of the socio-political layer of the vocabulary of modern Chinese. Analysis of these features can give a new solution in the search for the adequacy and equivalence of new concepts. The characteristic features of the socio-political terminology of the Chinese language in terms of the political and cultural perspective, the importance of the historical context of speech and the original understanding of the terms in the socio-political layer of speech also constituted the main core of the subject of analysis.
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45

Chu, Chong-Sun, Pei-Ming Ho, and Feng-Li Lin. "Cubic String Field Theory in pp-wave Background and Background Independent Moyal Structure." Journal of High Energy Physics 2002, no. 09 (September 2, 2002): 003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/09/003.

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46

Jerman, Igor, and Vesna Pericek Krapez. "Background mechanisms of UHD working." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 18, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v18i02.991.

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Background In spite of strong opposition from the orthodox scientific circles, the UHD effects are gradually becoming a part of the accepted science, because of the quickly growing corpus of UHD effects evidence. While this process should continue, the next great step would be to disentangle UHD working mechanisms with the perspective to give us understanding and explanation of its rational, causal-consequential and objective background. Aims Based on the already known and confirmed UHD phenomena as well as some more developed proposed theories that try to explain them, the aim of the presentation is to explore, which of the theories could be the most appropriate for the development of the UHD science. It should lead to the one that would be acceptable by a majority of the concerned scientific community (physicists, physical-chemists, biologists, medical doctors, etc.). Methodology We contrast the established facts of UHD science with the most developed theories to find out, which theory could cover the phenomena in the most comprehensive way. The applied theories are as follows: the basic and the extended theory of coherent domains (Preparata – Giudice – Yinnon), hydrogen bonded clusters theory (Chaplin), nanomaterial theories (Rajendran, Chikramane), the theory of chains of water nano-pearls (Meessen). Results and discussion The results show that the advanced theory of coherent domains (Yinnon) together with the theory of chains of water nano-pearls (Meessen) are the most promising. They connect the basic UHD background mechanisms to the electromagnetic and electric fields and are supported with advanced and recent physicochemical research. Nevertheless, the theories are still in the stage of principal explanation and are mostly not yet capable of giving exact predictions. Therefore, the theory that would predict phenomena and would initiate a virtuous circle of scientific validation of UHD effects is still needed. Conclusion The most developed contemporary theories cover a plethora of UHD phenomena. However, they may still have some deficiencies regarding the explanation of the whole richness of the UHD phenomena.
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47

Martin, Stephen P. "Conformal field theory representation and background-independent action for superstring field theory." Nuclear Physics B 310, no. 2 (December 1988): 428–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90157-5.

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48

Leijenhorst, Cees. "Hobbes’s Theory of Causality and Its Aristotelian Background." Monist 79, no. 3 (1996): 426–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist199679319.

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49

KIMURA, Sensho. "Chu Tao-sheng's “New Theory” and its Background." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 39, no. 2 (1991): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.39.586.

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50

Vlasenko, Olga, and Mariia Sokolova. "EVALUATION OF ENTERPRISE HUMAN RESOURCES: THE THEORY BACKGROUND." Economics & Education 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-1-6.

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This article is devoted to the peculiarities of human resources evaluation in enterprises. The human resources evaluation has a special place in human resource management, because it allows you to identify the actual situation in an enterprise, find disadvantages and weaknesses in management, so that you can provide recommendations basing on its results. The main purpose of the study was to develop the theoretical principles for assessing human resources, which should establish the level of quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the terms of determining the state of motivation and efficiency for human resources. In the study, the authors stressed on the cyclical nature of human resource management in an enterprise. At the same time, in their opinion, the human resources evaluation takes a special place because it makes all actions passing through the human resources management system. The authors also stressed on the impact of motivation upon an enterprise efficient operation, and including but not limiting to the human resources. They found that motivation has a special relevance for human resource management, and thus is gained by solving such problems as coordination, matching up of the needs and means, motives and goals of human resources and an enterprise as a whole, identification and resolution of emerging contradictions between these goals and needs of human resources and an enterprise. Solving these problems is possible after a comprehensive evaluation of an enterprise’s human resources. The authors propose to conduct a comprehensive evaluation in clearly defined areas: quantitative and qualitative evaluation, evaluation of the motivational state of human resources, and the final stage is to evaluate the efficiency of using Enterprise Human Resources. In the result of such evaluation, the administrative goal of human resource management will be achieved due to adoption of sound administrative decisions; thus, the information goal will be achieved as well, which is that both employees and managers have the opportunity to obtain reliable information about the activities; of course, the motivational goal of evaluation itself is among the most important means of motivating people's behaviour. In the authors’ opinion, their proposed theoretical approach to the evaluation of human resources, which is implemented due to identifying the level of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources’ motivation and efficiency, will lead to conscious human resource management.
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