Academic literature on the topic 'Background knowledge integration'
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Journal articles on the topic "Background knowledge integration"
1
Ort, Alexandr. "Man in Background." Czech Journal of International Relations 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1269.
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The decision on the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union rightly caused an increased interest of our public in the entire integration process, which until now was mostly considered a problem of only Western Europe and affecting us only marginally. It is undoubtedly related to the general lack of knowledge and information about what the European integration process is. Most people know that it is about economic cooperation leading to integration, but few people realize how big a role politics plays here, how much attention needs to be paid to social, cultural and other issues. If we want to fully know and understand the European integration process, we have to admit that it already has its own history, which, thanks to Europe's divided past, we hardly know at all. If we ask ourselves when it all started, we must also ask which personalities were behind the birth of the integration idea, what it originally looked like, why and how it began to proceed, how further development took place, what obstacles the process ran into, etc. Answer it is not easy to answer all of the above questions and it is not at all possible to manage it in one article. Nevertheless, even a review of one book can contribute to a gradual understanding.
2
Wang, Jianxin. "Teaching Reform of “Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics” Under the Background of New Engineering." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 8, no. 3 (March 24, 2024): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v8i3.6361.
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Probability theory and mathematical statistics are fundamental courses for various majors in science and engineering. In response to the current teaching situation, we should integrate theory with practice, implement teaching reform, and carry out teaching innovation. The article carries out blended teaching with deep integration of online and offline modes and within and outside of class, constructing innovative measures of “four integrations and four reshaping.” The article conducts diversified evaluations to stimulate learning motivation and help achieve talent cultivation goals. Through the close integration of probability theory and mathematical statistics course teaching with professional education and practical application, the “three-in-one” teaching goal of value shaping, ability cultivation, and knowledge exploration is achieved. The fundamental task of “cultivating morality and talents” is implemented.
3
Bezzubko, Borys, and Larysa Bezzubko. "METHODOLOGICAL BACKGROUND FOR DEVELOPING INTEGRATED DISCIPLINES IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 2 (2023): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2023-2-49-60.
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Integration is a perspective direction for improving modern education. For persons who have entered a shortened form of education or have an educational and qualification level obtained in another speciality, it is necessary to introduce the teaching of an integrated discipline in the practice of learning. This will allow such applicants for education to systematize their knowledge and focus on the most pressing issues of their future profession. The small number of integrated disciplines in the educational process is due to a lack of awareness among teachers of the advantages and opportunities of integrated disciplines for training specialists, and insufficient development of methodological foundations for the promotion of integrated disciplines. The purpose of the article is to characterize the methodological bases for the development of integrated disciplines in higher education institutions. The main scientific results of the study include the definition of integration as a process, result and phenomenon; characterization of the features and forms of integration of educational disciplines (intra-disciplinary, interdisciplinary, multi-level, combined, trans-subject); identification of the positive and negative aspects of the introduction of an integrated educational discipline. The authors define integration as a phenomenon characterizing the synthesis of procedural and resultant components of integration with the aim of targeted formation of new knowledge and practical skills among students. The main advantages of the introduction of integrated disciplines include systematization and concentration of knowledge within one discipline; comprehensive consideration of the object of the study taking into account all its characteristics; no duplication of information in different courses; saving students� time as a result of workload optimization. The general conclusion is that the development and implementation of an integrated discipline in educational practice contributes to the further development of the professional knowledge and skills of a future specialist. Prospects for the further introduction of integrated disciplines in higher education are related to the improvement of the existing format of training using integrated disciplines, as well as regulatory and methodological bases for the development and implementation of integrated disciplines in higher education institutions.
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Al-Yadumi, Sohaib, Wei-Wei Goh, Ee-Xion Tan, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, and Patrice Boursier. "Multimatcher Model to Enhance Ontology Matching Using Background Knowledge." Information 12, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12110487.
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Ontology matching is a rapidly emerging topic crucial for semantic web effort, data integration, and interoperability. Semantic heterogeneity is one of the most challenging aspects of ontology matching. Consequently, background knowledge (BK) resources are utilized to bridge the semantic gap between the ontologies. Generic BK approaches use a single matcher to discover correspondences between entities from different ontologies. However, the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) results show that not all matchers identify the same correct mappings. Moreover, none of the matchers can obtain good results across all matching tasks. This study proposes a novel BK multimatcher approach for improving ontology matching by effectively generating and combining mappings from biomedical ontologies. Aggregation strategies to create more effective mappings are discussed. Then, a matcher path confidence measure that helps select the most promising paths using the final mapping selection algorithm is proposed. The proposed model performance is tested using the Anatomy and Large Biomed tracks offered by the OAEI 2020. Results show that higher recall levels have been obtained. Moreover, the F-measure values achieved with our model are comparable with those obtained by the state of the art matchers.
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Netzer, Roy, and Michal Elboim-Gabyzon. "Implementation of Nutritional Assessment and Counseling in Physical Therapy Treatment: An Anonymous Cross-Sectional Survey." Nutrients 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2023): 4204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15194204.
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In the context of the evolving role of Physical Therapists (PTs) in health promotion, this study explored the incorporation of nutritional assessment and counseling into PTs’ professional practice in Israel. Using an anonymous cross-sectional survey design, the research gauged PTs’ professional background, nutritional knowledge, lifestyle habits, and the extent of nutritional care integration. Our survey gathered data from 409 certified PTs in Israel, revealing inadequate nutritional knowledge, commendable nutritional lifestyles, and limited nutritional care integration. Participants with over 13 years of clinical experience demonstrated significantly higher levels of nutritional assessment and counseling integration within their physical therapy practices. Workplace setting, nutritional lifestyle, and nutritional knowledge emerged as significant predictors for nutritional care integration. Specifically, working in outpatient clinics and possessing better nutritional lifestyles and knowledge were associated with the increased integration of nutritional assessment and counseling within physical therapy practice. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and formal nutrition education to bridge the knowledge gaps and optimize patient care. These results advocate for comprehensive nutrition education in physical therapy curricula and the fostering of PTs as role models. Integrating nutrition care could empower PTs to enhance patient outcomes and fulfill their role in preventive healthcare.
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Timoshenko, T. V. "Background of the Appearance and Development of Experimental Philosophy." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 3 (207) (October 19, 2020): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2020-3-23-26.
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In the article the prerequisites for the emergence and development of a new trend in philosophy, experimental philosophy, are determined. It is noted that the dynamics of methodological approaches in experimental philosophy allows us to trace the historical continuity of experimental philosophy. The status of experimental philosophical knowledge, combining empirical and theoretical knowledge in cognitive activity, has radically changed in our time, having passed the dialectical path of development from a single philosophical knowledge of antiquity through the disintegration of empirical and theoretical knowledge in the 19th-20th centuries to integration - an interdisciplinary synthesis of sciences - in the 21st century. It is concluded that in the context of the historical genesis of the development of philosophical and scientific thought the emergence of modern experimental philosophy at the beginning of the 21st century historically determined and seems to be not a random phenomenon, but arisen with the objective need to create research methods that are adequate to the needs of modern science.
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Menzel, R., K. Geiger, L. Chittka, J. Joerges, J. Kunze, and U. Müller. "The knowledge base of bee navigation." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.141.
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Navigation in honeybees is discussed against the background of the types of memories employed in the navigational task. Two questions are addressed. Do bees have goal-specific expectations, and when are novel routes travelled? Expectations are deduced from (1) context stimuli as determinants for local cue memories, (2) landmark-dependent path integration, (3) sequential learning of landmarks, and (4) motivation- and context-dependent memory retrieval. Novel routes are travelled under two conditions: (1) goal-cue-based piloting and (2) integration of simultaneously activated vector memories. Our data do not support the conclusion that memory integration in bees is organised by a cognitive map. The assumption of purely separate memories that are only retrieved according to the chain of events during navigational performance also appears to be inadequate. We favour the view that multiple memories are integrated using external and internal sources of information. Such configural memories lead to both specific expectations and novel routes.
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Ou, Jinfeng. "Research on the Exploration and Practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Education into the "Statistics" Course under the Background of New Business Discipline." Journal of Education and Educational Research 9, no. 3 (July 30, 2024): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/e11x4956.
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With the revolutionary development of new information technologies and industries, the world has entered the "Internet+" era. New technologies represented by artificial intelligence and big data, as well as new business forms represented by new manufacturing, new retail, and new finance, have put forward new requirements for the cultivation of business talents. It is of great significance to explore and practice the integration of ideological and political education into courses under the background of new business discipline. Based on analyzing the current teaching situation and problems of the "Statistics" course, this article elaborates on the foundation for integrating ideological and political education into the "Statistics" course, sorts out the integration points, and discusses effective methods to incorporate ideological and political elements into professional teaching. Taking the content of the "Statistical Survey" chapter as an example, this article specifically studies the exploration and practice of integrating ideological and political education into the "Statistics" course from three aspects: teaching objectives, teaching content, and teaching evaluation, providing a practical plan for achieving the integration of professional knowledge and value-leading ideological and political education.
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Zhuang, Caiyun, Guohong Chen, and Xiaoyu Du. "Enterprise Knowledge Generation Driven by Internet Integration Capability: A Mediated Moderation Model." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 15 (2020): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4616.
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Aim/Purpose: Drawing on theories of organizational learning, this study analyzes the mechanism of Internet integration capability affecting knowledge generation by 399 Chinese enterprises. This paper will further explore whether there is a moderating role of learning orientation in the mechanism of Internet integration capability affecting enterprise knowledge generation. Background: The Internet has gradually integrated into the enterprise innovation system and penetrated into all aspects of technological innovation, which has promoted the integration and optimization of resources inside and outside the organization. However, there is limited understanding of how the combination of the Internet and integration capability can drive enterprise knowledge generation. Methodology: The study uses survey data from 399 organizations in China. Through structural equation modeling, this study assesses the relationship between Internet integration capability, organizational learning, knowledge generation, and uses PROCESS macro program to test the mediated moderation effect of learning orientation. Contribution: First, this study provides empirical evidence for managers to better build Internet integration capability and ambidextrous learning to promote enterprise knowledge generation. Second, this study highlights the important moderating role of learning orientation in the mediating role of ambidextrous learning. Findings: First, the study confirms the mediating role of exploratory learning and exploitative learning in knowledge generation driven by Internet integration capability. Second, the results show that when organizations have a strong learning orientation, the indirect path of Internet integration capability influencing knowledge generation through exploratory learning will be enhanced. Recommendations for Practitioners: Enterprises should pay full attention to the improvement of internet integration capability and ambidextrous learning to promote knowledge generation. In addition, enterprises should establish a good learning atmosphere within the organization to strengthen the bridge role of exploratory learning between Internet integration capability and knowledge generation. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers could collect data from countries with different levels of economic development to verify the universal applicability of the proposed theoretical model. Impact on Society: This study provides references for enterprises using Internet integration capability to promote their knowledge generation capability under the internet background. Future Research: Future research can compare the impact of Internet integration capability on knowledge generation in different industries.
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Chang, Lijia. "Research on the Cultivation Strategies of Management Psychology Students' Abilities under the Background of "Four Integrations"." Journal of Higher Education Research 5, no. 5 (November 29, 2024): 445. https://doi.org/10.32629/jher.v5i5.3058.
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Guided by the educational concept of "four integrations", this article deeply analyzes how to efficiently cultivate students' comprehensive skills in the field of management psychology. The educational concept of "four integrations" emphasizes the deep integration of knowledge, operation, creativity, and teamwork, aiming to enhance students' innovative thinking, team interaction skills, and overall quality. In the process of cultivating the abilities of students majoring in management psychology, they still need to face challenges such as insufficient exploration of innovative potential, scarce opportunities for team interaction, and a single means of quality evaluation. This article proposes a series of innovative ability cultivation models aimed at enriching students' innovative practices, strengthening teamwork practices, and constructing a multidimensional quality evaluation system. Through the implementation of these strategies, it is expected to significantly enhance students' practical operation ability and comprehensive quality, providing solid theoretical basis and practical guidance for cultivating well-rounded management psychology professionals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Background knowledge integration"
1
Arnold, Patrick. "Semantic Enrichment of Ontology Mappings." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-192438.
Full textAbstract:
Schema and ontology matching play an important part in the field of data integration and semantic web. Given two heterogeneous data sources, meta data matching usually constitutes the first step in the data integration workflow, which refers to the analysis and comparison of two input resources like schemas or ontologies. The result is a list of correspondences between the two schemas or ontologies, which is often called mapping or alignment. Many tools and research approaches have been proposed to automatically determine those correspondences. However, most match tools do not provide any information about the relation type that holds between matching concepts, for the simple but important reason that most common match strategies are too simple and heuristic to allow any sophisticated relation type determination.
Knowing the specific type holding between two concepts, e.g., whether they are in an equality, subsumption (is-a) or part-of relation, is very important for advanced data integration tasks, such as ontology merging or ontology evolution. It is also very important for mappings in the biological or biomedical domain, where is-a and part-of relations may exceed the number of equality correspondences by far. Such more expressive mappings allow much better integration results and have scarcely been in the focus of research so far.
In this doctoral thesis, the determination of the correspondence types in a given mapping is the focus of interest, which is referred to as semantic mapping enrichment. We introduce and present the mapping enrichment tool STROMA, which obtains a pre-calculated schema or ontology mapping and for each correspondence determines a semantic relation type. In contrast to previous approaches, we will strongly focus on linguistic laws and linguistic insights. By and large, linguistics is the key for precise matching and for the determination of relation types. We will introduce various strategies that make use of these linguistic laws and are able to calculate the semantic type between two matching concepts. The observations and insights gained from this research go far beyond the field of mapping enrichment and can be also applied to schema and ontology matching in general.
Since generic strategies have certain limits and may not be able to determine the relation type between more complex concepts, like a laptop and a personal computer, background knowledge plays an important role in this research as well. For example, a thesaurus can help to recognize that these two concepts are in an is-a relation. We will show how background knowledge can be effectively used in this instance, how it is possible to draw conclusions even if a concept is not contained in it, how the relation types in complex paths can be resolved and how time complexity can be reduced by a so-called bidirectional search. The developed techniques go far beyond the background knowledge exploitation of previous approaches, and are now part of the semantic repository SemRep, a flexible and extendable system that combines different lexicographic resources.
Further on, we will show how additional lexicographic resources can be developed automatically by parsing Wikipedia articles. The proposed Wikipedia relation extraction approach yields some millions of additional relations, which constitute significant additional knowledge for mapping enrichment. The extracted relations were also added to SemRep, which thus became a comprehensive background knowledge resource. To augment the quality of the repository, different techniques were used to discover and delete irrelevant semantic relations.
We could show in several experiments that STROMA obtains very good results w.r.t. relation type detection. In a comparative evaluation, it was able to achieve considerably better results than related applications. This corroborates the overall usefulness and strengths of the implemented strategies, which were developed with particular emphasis on the principles and laws of linguistics.
2
Yeh, Hui-Syuan. "Prompt-based Relation Extraction for Pharmacovigilance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG097.
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L'extraction de connaissances à jour à partir de sources textuelles diverses est importante pour la santé publique. Alors que les sources professionnelles, notamment les revues scientifiques et les notes cliniques, fournissent les connaissances les plus fiables, les observations apportées dans les forums de patients et les médias sociaux permettent d'obtenir des informations complémentaires pour certains thèmes. Détecter les entités et leurs relations dans ces sources variées est particulièrement précieux. Nous nous concentrons sur l'extraction de relations dans le domaine médical. Nous commençons par souligner l'incohérence de la terminologie utilisée dans la communauté et clarifions les configurations distinctes employées pour la construction et l'évaluation d'un système d'extraction de relations. Pour obtenir une comparaison fiable, nous comparons les systèmes en utilisant la même configuration. Nous effectuons également une série d'évaluations stratifiées afin d'étudier plus en détail les propriétés des données qui affectent les performances des modèles. Nous montrons que la performance des modèles tend à diminuer avec la densité des relations, la diversité des relations et la distance entre les entités. Par la suite, ce travail explore un nouveau paradigme d'entraînement pour l'extraction de relations biomédicales : les méthodes à base de prompt avec des modèles de langue masqués. Dans ce contexte, les performances dépendent de la qualité de la conception des prompts. Cela nécessite des efforts manuels et une connaissance du domaine, notamment dans la conception des mots étiquettes qui relient les prédictions du modèle aux classes de relations. Pour surmonter ce problème, nous introduisons une technique de génération automatique de mots étiquettes qui s'appuie sur un analyseur en dépendance et les données d'entraînement. Cette approche minimise l'intervention manuelle et améliore l'efficacité des modèles avec moins de paramètres à affiner. Notre approche a des performances similaires aux autres méthodes de verbalisation sans nécessiter d'entraînement supplémentaire. Ensuite, ce travail traite de l'extraction d'informations à partir de textes écrits par des auteurs non spécialistes sur les effets indésirables des médicaments. À cette fin, dans le cadre d'un effort conjoint, nous avons constitué un corpus trilingue en allemand, français et japonais collecté à partir de forums de patients et de plates-formes de médias sociaux. Le défi et les applications potentielles du corpus sont discutés. Nous présentons des expériences initiales sur le corpus en mettant en avant trois points : l'efficacité d'un modèle multilingue dans un contexte translingue, une préparation d'exemples négatifs pour l'extraction de relations qui tient compte de la coréférence et de la distance entre les entités, et des méthodes pour traiter la distribution hautement déséquilibrée des relations. Enfin, nous intégrons des informations provenant d'une base de connaissances médicales dans une approche à base de prompt avec des modèles de langue autorégressifs pour l'extraction de relations biomédicales. Notre objectif est d'utiliser des connaissances factuelles externes pour enrichir le contexte des entités impliquées dans la relation à classifier. Nous constatons que les modèles généraux bénéficient particulièrement des connaissances externes. Notre dispositif expérimental révèle que différents marqueurs d'entités sont efficaces dans différents corpus. Nous montrons que les connaissances pertinentes sont utiles, mais que le format du prompt a un impact plus important sur les performances que les informations supplémentaires elles-mêmesExtracting and maintaining up-to-date knowledge from diverse linguistic sources is imperative for the benefit of public health. While professional sources, including scientific journals and clinical notes, provide the most reliable knowledge, observations reported in patient forums and social media can bring complementary information for certain themes. Spotting entities and their relationships in these varied sources is particularly valuable. We focus on relation extraction in the medical domain. At the outset, we highlight the inconsistent terminology in the community and clarify the diverse setups used to build and evaluate relation extraction systems. To obtain reliable comparisons, we compare systems using the same setup. Additionally, we conduct a series of stratified evaluations to further investigate which data properties affect the models' performance. We show that model performance tends to decrease with relation density, relation diversity, and entity distance. Subsequently, this work explores a new training paradigm for biomedical relation extraction: prompt-based methods with masked language models. In this context, performance depends on the quality of prompt design. This requires manual efforts and domain knowledge, especially when designing the label words that link model predictions to relation classes. To overcome this overhead, we introduce an automated label word generation technique leveraging a dependency parser and training data. This approach minimizes manual intervention and enhances model performance with fewer parameters to be fine-tuned. Our approach performs on par with other verbalizer methods without additional training. Then, this work addresses information extraction from text written by laypeople about adverse drug reactions. To this end, as part of a joint effort, we have curated a tri-lingual corpus in German, French, and Japanese collected from patient forums and social media platforms. The challenge and the potential applications of the corpus are discussed. We present baseline experiments on the corpus that highlight three points: the effectiveness of a multilingual model in the cross-lingual setting, preparing negative samples for relation extraction by considering the co-reference and the distance between entities, and methods to address the highly imbalanced distribution of relations. Lastly, we integrate information from a medical knowledge base into the prompt-based approach with autoregressive language models for biomedical relation extraction. Our goal is to use external factual knowledge to enrich the context of the entities involved in the relation to be classified. We find that general models particularly benefit from external knowledge. Our experimental setup reveals that different entity markers are effective across different corpora. We show that the relevant knowledge helps, though the format of the prompt has a greater impact on performance than the additional information itself
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Steffens, Timo [Verfasser]. "Integration von unvollkommenem regelbasierten Hintergrundwissen in Ähnlichkeitsmaße = (Enhancing similarity measures with imperfect rule-based background knowledge) / von Timo Steffens." 2006. http://d-nb.info/980221420/34.
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Arnold, Patrick. "Semantic Enrichment of Ontology Mappings." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14126.
Full textAbstract:
Schema and ontology matching play an important part in the field of data integration and semantic web. Given two heterogeneous data sources, meta data matching usually constitutes the first step in the data integration workflow, which refers to the analysis and comparison of two input resources like schemas or ontologies. The result is a list of correspondences between the two schemas or ontologies, which is often called mapping or alignment. Many tools and research approaches have been proposed to automatically determine those correspondences. However, most match tools do not provide any information about the relation type that holds between matching concepts, for the simple but important reason that most common match strategies are too simple and heuristic to allow any sophisticated relation type determination.
Knowing the specific type holding between two concepts, e.g., whether they are in an equality, subsumption (is-a) or part-of relation, is very important for advanced data integration tasks, such as ontology merging or ontology evolution. It is also very important for mappings in the biological or biomedical domain, where is-a and part-of relations may exceed the number of equality correspondences by far. Such more expressive mappings allow much better integration results and have scarcely been in the focus of research so far.
In this doctoral thesis, the determination of the correspondence types in a given mapping is the focus of interest, which is referred to as semantic mapping enrichment. We introduce and present the mapping enrichment tool STROMA, which obtains a pre-calculated schema or ontology mapping and for each correspondence determines a semantic relation type. In contrast to previous approaches, we will strongly focus on linguistic laws and linguistic insights. By and large, linguistics is the key for precise matching and for the determination of relation types. We will introduce various strategies that make use of these linguistic laws and are able to calculate the semantic type between two matching concepts. The observations and insights gained from this research go far beyond the field of mapping enrichment and can be also applied to schema and ontology matching in general.
Since generic strategies have certain limits and may not be able to determine the relation type between more complex concepts, like a laptop and a personal computer, background knowledge plays an important role in this research as well. For example, a thesaurus can help to recognize that these two concepts are in an is-a relation. We will show how background knowledge can be effectively used in this instance, how it is possible to draw conclusions even if a concept is not contained in it, how the relation types in complex paths can be resolved and how time complexity can be reduced by a so-called bidirectional search. The developed techniques go far beyond the background knowledge exploitation of previous approaches, and are now part of the semantic repository SemRep, a flexible and extendable system that combines different lexicographic resources.
Further on, we will show how additional lexicographic resources can be developed automatically by parsing Wikipedia articles. The proposed Wikipedia relation extraction approach yields some millions of additional relations, which constitute significant additional knowledge for mapping enrichment. The extracted relations were also added to SemRep, which thus became a comprehensive background knowledge resource. To augment the quality of the repository, different techniques were used to discover and delete irrelevant semantic relations.
We could show in several experiments that STROMA obtains very good results w.r.t. relation type detection. In a comparative evaluation, it was able to achieve considerably better results than related applications. This corroborates the overall usefulness and strengths of the implemented strategies, which were developed with particular emphasis on the principles and laws of linguistics.
Books on the topic "Background knowledge integration"
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Ramani, Geetha B., and Robert S. Siegler. How Informal Learning Activities Can Promote Children’s Numerical Knowledge. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.012.
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Before children begin school, there is a wide range of individual differences in children’s early numerical knowledge. Theoretical and empirical work from the sociocultural perspective suggests that children’s experiences in the early home environment and with informal number activities can contribute to these differences. This article draws from this work to hypothesize that differences in the home explain, in part, why the numerical knowledge of children from low-income backgrounds trails behind that of peers from middle-class backgrounds. By integrating sociocultural perspectives with a theoretical analysis of children’s mental number line, the authors created an informal learning activity to serve as an intervention to promote young children’s numerical knowledge. Our studies have shown that playing a simple number board game can promote the numerical knowledge of young children from low-income backgrounds. The authors discuss how informal learning activities can play a critical role in the development of children’s early maths skills.
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Lopez y Royo, Alessandra. Sustainable Fashion, Migrants, Embroidery. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350284128.
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Sustainable Fashion, Migrants, Embroidery: Ateliers of 'Social Integration'tells of community-led ‘solidarity ateliers’ engaged in sewing and embroidery activities which, in the Global North and Global South, are providing a vital alternative to neoliberal and neo-colonial fashion paradigms. On encountering severalateliers solidaires/sartorie socialiduring her immersive fieldwork, for which she travelled to Morocco and Southern Italy, and contrasting her findings with her knowledge of parallel and analogous initiatives in London, Alessandra Lopez y Royo suggests that despite their different outlook and approach these ateliers can be inscribed within an ever-growing economy of solidarity and sharing. With a uniquely combined focus on sustainability, fashion and migration, Lopez y Royo examines how the ateliers foreground a powerful social inclusion agenda, encouraging migrants (and refugees) to collaborate, exchange knowledge, and foster communities on a level playing field with locals. Questioning widely accepted notions of ‘empowerment’ and ‘social integration’, and drawing on her background in archaeology and material culture studies, Lopez y Royo uses micro-studies to illuminate a broader path to a more inclusive, sustainable, and socially conscious industry, presenting a fresh perspective on repurposing and upcycling. In a world grappling with the need to shift away from fast fashion's wasteful practices, this thought-provoking exploration shows how slow-growth ‘solidarity ateliers’ can challenge the widely accepted notions of both ‘fashion’ and ‘social integration’.
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Tunnicliff, Myram Forney, and Susan Sheldon Soenen. The Reference Information Skills Game. www.abc-clio.com, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187066.
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This simple new approach to teaching information skills takes students beyond mere fact-finding to designing and recording search strategies. Structured as a game-with search maps, award badges, and search strategy suggestions-the activities help students acquire and sharpen reference, information retrieval, and problem-solving skills on a daily basis. As they explore print materials and audiovisual, computer, and human sources, they also build their background knowledge in a variety of subjects. Credit is given for process (search strategy) as well as for product (fact-finding). With these activities, school librarians and teachers collaborate as a teaching team to meet goals for improved reference skills. Adaptable to any size and format of library, media center, or classroom, the game has been successfully used at middle and high school levels in both libraries and classrooms. A classified subject index, bibliography of sources, and alphabetical index ease the process of curriculum integration.
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Johnson, Charles. African American Soldiers in the National Guard. Praeger, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400607820.
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Little is known about the many achievements of African American guardsmen in U.S. history from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. This detailed account thus fills an important gap in our knowledge about the establishment of African American militias in 1877 and their service in wartime and peacetime until the integration of the National Guard in 1950. This careful study of extensive primary and secondary sources is intended for military historians and for all who want to know more about African American contributions to the defense of our nation. Following a short introduction providing some historical background, the study launches into a description of the establishment of African American militia organizations in and about 1877 and their involvement in the Spanish American War and in quelling civil disturbances and disasters up to 1914. The history deals next with the service of African American guardsmen units in World War I, their work in the years between the wars, and their involvement in World War II. The story ends with a description of the initial reorganization of these units and their integration into the National Guard in 1949 and 1950. A lengthy bibliography of primary and secondary sources is useful as well in pointing to the role of African American militias and guardsmen in the history of this important period.
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Krasnow, Donna H., and M. Virginia Wilmerding. Motor Learning and Control for Dance. Human Kinetics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718212749.
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As dance training evolves and becomes more complex, knowledge of motor behavior is foundational in helping dancers learn and master new skills and become more efficient in integrating the skills. Motor Learning and Control for Dance is the first resource to address motor learning theory from a dance perspective. Educators and students preparing to teach will learn practical ways to connect the science behind dance to pedagogy in order to prepare dancers for performance. Dancers interested in performance from the recreational to professional levels will learn ways to enhance their technical and artistic progress. In language accessible even to those with no science background, Motor Learning and Control for Dance showcases principles and practices for students, artists, and teachers. The text offers a perspective on movement education not found in traditional dance training while adding to a palette of tools and strategies for improving dance instruction and performance. Aspiring dancers and instructors will explore how to develop motor skills, how to control movement on all levels, and—most important—how motor skills are best taught and learned. The authors, noted experts on motor learning and motor control in the dance world, explore these features that appeal to students and instructors alike: • Dance-specific photos, examples, and figures illustrate how to solve common problems various dance genres. • The 16 chapters prepare dance educators to teach dancers of all ages and abilities and support the development of dance artists and students in training and performance. • An extensive bibliography of sports and dance science literature allows teachers and performers to do their own research. • A list of key terms is at the beginning of each chapter with an accompanying glossary at the back of the book. Part I presents an overview of motor behavior, covering motor development from birth to early adulthood. It provides the essential information for teaching posture control and balance, the locomotor skills underlying a range of complex dance skills, and the ballistic skills that are difficult to teach and learn, such as grand battement and movements in street dance. Part II explores motor control and how movement is planned, initiated, and executed. Readers will learn how the nervous system organizes the coordination of movement, the effects of anxiety and states of arousal on dance performance, how to integrate the senses into movement, and how speed and accuracy interact. Part III investigates methods of motor learning for dancers of all ages. Readers will explore how to implement a variety of instructional strategies, determine the best approaches for learning dance skills, and motivate and inspire dancers. This section also discusses how various methods of practice can help or hinder dancers, strategies for improving the recall of dance skills and sequences, and how to embrace somatic practice and its contribution to understanding imagery and motor learning. Motor Learning and Control for Dance addresses many related topics that are important to the discipline, such as imagery and improvisation. This book will help performers and teachers blend science with pedagogy to meet the challenge of artistry and technique in preparing for dance performaance.
Book chapters on the topic "Background knowledge integration"
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Forestier, Germain, Cédric Wemmert, and Pierre Gançarski. "Background Knowledge Integration in Clustering Using Purity Indexes." In Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, 28–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15280-1_6.
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Patelia, Anil, Sutanu Chakraborti, and Nirmalie Wiratunga. "Selective Integration of Background Knowledge in TCBR Systems." In Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 196–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23291-6_16.
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Maschner, Herbert D. G., Víctor Manuel López-Menchero Bendicho, Miguel Ángel Hervás Herrera, Jeffrey Du Vernay, Aurelia Lureau, and James Bart McLeod. "At the Intersection of Art, Architecture and Archaeology: 3D Virtualization and Contemporary Heritage." In Proceedings e report, 34–40. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-707-8.08.
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We are at a global transition where disciplines from art to computer engineering intersect in the realm of global digital heritage. This has been facilitated by the development of desktop high-speed computing, inexpensive photogrammetry software, and digital photography. These technologies, and the tools to make them useful both in the lab and on the web, require the appropriate integration of technical skill, artistic license, archaeological background knowledge, and architectural realities.
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Liang, Bing-jin. "Exploration on Online Resources Construction of Health Information Management System Curriculum Under the Background of Integration of Production and Education." In Proceedings of the 2023 4th International Conference on Education, Knowledge and Information Management (ICEKIM 2023), 1995–2002. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-172-2_222.
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Sepe, Marichela. "New Technologies and Public Spaces: Supporting Sustainable Urban Policies." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 111–24. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39206-1_9.
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AbstractNew technologies add value to public spaces if these are used to support the knowledge of a place and its use. The presence of wireless, multimedia support, apps and different ICT tools constitute elements, which can support the knowledge aspects of the place with its different characteristics and can be designed in a logic of integration with other infrastructure and networks in the city. Furthermore, the presence on social media, even if not exhaustive—as the presence of that public space as a background to a photo does not guarantee that it is a pleasant and successful space—offers, however, within a more comprehensive framework of information, data on the type and quantity of users and their perception of it. Indeed, new technologies in their different forms become more and more important tools to provide deeper knowledge of the place, participation, and to address sustainable urban policies. Starting from these premises, the aim of this work, carried out in the framework of the research project “PRIN2020 #20209F3A37”, within the ISMed-CNR Unit with the author’s responsibility and the related Sapienza Università di Roma-ISMed-CNR agreement, is to illustrate the positive influence of ICT tools on the use of both indoor and outdoor public spaces by: revitalizing them; increasing the possibilities of use as well as contributing to greater social cohesion; and supporting sustainable urban policies. By way of examples, two emblematic case studies of public spaces will be illustrated using an original and an ad hoc database.
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Wang, Hongsong, Haoxian Ye, and Jiazhan Li. "Integrating Background and General Knowledge for Dialogue Generation." In Computer Applications, 127–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8764-1_10.
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Zelikovitz, Sarah, and Haym Hirsh. "Integrating Background Knowledge into Nearest-Neighbor Text Classification." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46119-1_1.
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Ryu, Seung Hwan, and Boualem Benatallah. "Integrating Feature Analysis and Background Knowledge to Recommend Similarity Functions." In Web Information Systems Engineering - WISE 2012, 673–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35063-4_52.
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Parisi, Stefano. "Applying the DATEMATS Method and Tools to Wearable ICS Materials: A Dialogue Between E-textiles and Active Lighting Technologies for Caring and Well-Being." In Materialising the Future, 103–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25207-5_6.
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AbstractThe chapter presents and discusses the theoretical background, original methodology, format, and results of the workshop “Interdisciplinary challenge on Emerging Materials and Technologies (EM&Ts)” with a focus on Interactive Connected and Smart (ICS) Materials for Wearable Technologies. ICS materials are defined as systems combining inactive materials, stimuli-responsive smart materials, and embedded sensing, computing, and actuating technologies. They can sense and communicate data from the body or the environment, and they can perform interactive behaviours. One of the application sectors where these are more exploited is wearable technologies. These materials can be embedded into clothing or worn on the body as electronic textiles (e-textiles), implants, or accessories. The challenge was used as a way to transfer new knowledge on innovative materials to design and engineering students and to establish a dialogue between students, researchers with extensive materials-focused expertise, and companies interested in EM&Ts. The workshop presented in this paper was held at Politecnico di Milano, Design School, from 12 to 16 July 2021. The methodology of the workshop follows a framework built by collecting, analysing, and systemically formalising innovative tools, methods, and approaches for designing and learning how to design with advanced materials. It identifies three phases: (1) Understanding the EM&Ts—where the fundamental knowledge is provided; (2) Exploring and Shaping the EM&Ts—where hands-on experimentation and tinkering is a way to stimulate ideas and understand the opportunities and limits of the materials and processes; (3) Applying the EM&Ts—the synthesis of the process when the material is embedded and embodied into a project. This framework defined the original structure and agenda of the whole workshop. Therefore, the workshop was based on a combination of hands-on experimentation, design activities, and lectures by the teaching staff of the four universities and by partnering companies (design pills). Students applied this unique design methodology developed within the project to design with four Emerging Materials and Technologies (EM&Ts). The method and tools developed by the staff supported students in understanding, exploring, and shaping, and applying EM&Ts, and finding design opportunities from their integration. Indeed, the main EM&Ts explored in the workshop are Interactive Connected and Smart Materials (ICS Materials), but all the other EM&Ts researched in the project were integrated: Nanomaterials, Experimental Wood-based Materials, and Advanced Growing Materials. In this interdisciplinary challenge, a real-life design brief was given to students with the cooperation of two partner companies: Comftech and SCILIF. The joint challenge with the title “Designing with ICS Materials: a dialogue between e-textiles and active lighting technologies” was about using the two patented technologies produced by the companies—a textile sensor detecting biosignals, and SunFibre active lighting system—as a platform to develop interactive, connected, and smart tangible interfaces for new application sectors focused on emotions and stress management, from well-being to entertainment, to safety. Twenty-three students worked together in six multi-disciplinary teams to find solutions for this challenge and to produce product concepts, prototypes, and material samples. The results are described and discussed in the chapter and include interactive garments for healthcare, improving safety at work, sharing emotions in leisure activities, and for the well-being of elderly people and kids. The discussion of the results and the whole methodology is informed by the feedback provided by students through a questionnaire and by teaching staff observation.
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Andersen, John, Annette Bilfeldt, Marianne Mahler, and Lone Sigbrand. "How Can Urban Design and Architecture Support Spatial Inclusion for Nursing Home Residents?" In International Perspectives on Aging, 397–408. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_31.
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AbstractSocial exclusion refers to a process by which “individuals or groups...are denied the opportunity of participation, whether they actually desire to participate or not” (MacLeod et al. 2017; Barry 2002,p.16). In relation to old-age social exclusion, Tournier and Vidovicova (2019) have defined spatial and community exclusion as “the unintended reduction of mobility outside the personal home (spatial component) and of participation in local life (community component)”. Against this background, nursing home residents may be regarded as experiencing a heightened risk of spatial and community social exclusion because their need to be spatially included has not been prioritised in traditional nursing home architecture and urban planning. More recently, alternative concepts of integrating nursing home residents within the local communities have received increasing attention within policy and practice initiatives. The overall aim of this chapter is to present knowledge about innovative approaches to prevent social exclusion of nursing home residents from urban space and local life. Three cases are chosen from Denmark and one from The Netherlands. The four cases share the aim of reducing old-age social exclusion of nursing home residents. Based on the four cases, we discuss the different ways in which urban design and architecture can contribute to combatting social exclusion.
Conference papers on the topic "Background knowledge integration"
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Balachandran, Vidhisha, Bhuwan Dhingra, Haitian Sun, Michael Collins, and William Cohen. "Investigating the Effect of Background Knowledge on Natural Questions." In Proceedings of Deep Learning Inside Out (DeeLIO): The 2nd Workshop on Knowledge Extraction and Integration for Deep Learning Architectures. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.deelio-1.3.
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Dong, Yifeng, Guangsheng Li, Feilong Wang, Wujun Wen, Xuehai Xu, and Lin Feng. "FBI-TAL: Foreground-Background Integration for Single-Frame Supervised Temporal Action Localization." In 2023 18th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iske60036.2023.10481155.
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Liu, XingHuan. "Research on the breakthrough path of online and offline education integration under the background of deep integration of information technology and education." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Education, Knowledge and Information Management (ICEKIM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icekim55072.2022.00189.
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Fang, Yuan, Kingsley Kuan, Jie Lin, Cheston Tan, and Vijay Chandrasekhar. "Object Detection Meets Knowledge Graphs." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/230.
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Object detection in images is a crucial task in computer vision, with important applications ranging from security surveillance to autonomous vehicles. Existing state-of-the-art algorithms, including deep neural networks, only focus on utilizing features within an image itself, largely neglecting the vast amount of background knowledge about the real world. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of knowledge-aware object detection, which enables the integration of external knowledge such as knowledge graphs into any object detection algorithm. The framework employs the notion of semantic consistency to quantify and generalize knowledge, which improves object detection through a re-optimization process to achieve better consistency with background knowledge. Finally, empirical evaluation on two benchmark datasets show that our approach can significantly increase recall by up to 6.3 points without compromising mean average precision, when compared to the state-of-the-art baseline.
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Pang, H. J., C. C. Zha, F. Jia, and Y. D. Xue. "Multi-Source Data Fusion and Knowledge Presentation for Shield Tunnel Maintenance Work Based on Knowledge Graph." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0876.
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ABSTRACT: The study tackles operational challenges in shield tunnel maintenance, focusing on multi-source date fusion and decision-making suggestion. Employing a multi-disciplinary approach spanning civil engineering, artificial intelligence, and engineering management, the study establishes an intelligent decision-making system based on knowledge graph for shield tunnel maintenance work. Firstly, a multi-data processing program is developed for dealing with multi-source tunnel data, encompassing diverse dimensions reflecting the structural state of shield tunnels. Comprehensive perception of tunnel structure state is achieved through the integration of tunnel internal surface images and 3D point cloud information. Secondly, to address the specialized expert knowledge and experience in tunnel maintenance work, the study explores methods for knowledge representation, extraction, and integration. Leveraging several natural language processing techniques, including ontology and semantic rules. Lastly, a knowledge graph for shield tunnel maintenance is then constructed by Neo4j, integrating data from both multi-source tunnel data and expert knowledge to quantify tunnel structural health and formulate operational strategies for maintenance work. Through the case study, the tunnel knowledge graph is demonstrated to be effective and advanced in tunnel maintenance work. 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND In recent years, China's major cities have experienced significant and rapid development in their urban metro systems, aiming to enhance urban transport capacity and address the commuting needs of residents. Zhang et al. (2023) reported, by December 31, 2023, the urban metro network in China extended to 11,232 km, facilitating 23.71 billion passenger trips, resulting in an annual passenger turnover of 197.8 billion trips per kilometer. The growth in urban metro mileage is visually represented in Fig.1. Since 2013, the operational mileage of China's urban metro systems has consistently increased, demonstrating a rising annual growth rate and robust development in domestic urban rail transit. Fig.2. illustrates the total operational rail transit mileage for major cities in 2023, with Shanghai leading with a total of 965 km. Situated on the eastern coast of China, Shanghai, as a developed city, relies significantly on its transportation infrastructure to ensure normal urban operations. The operation of the urban metro service exposes the metro tunnel structure to various risk factors, including periodic train loads, segment aging, and surrounding construction activities.
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Johnson, Cliff, and Robert W. Smith. "Technology Transfer: Moving Knowledge From Research Into Industry Standards." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64148.
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Recently the Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) of the US Department of Transportation signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Pipeline Standards Developing Organizations Coordinating Council (PSDOCC). This MOA is intended to enhance the cooperation and coordination between the Parties to facilitate a more effective and efficient integration of pipeline safety research and development (R&D) results into the development and revision of voluntary consensus technical standards. This effort is the first of its kind in the US for the pipeline industry. This presentation will provide background about the PSDOCC and its role in the development of standards and its role of technology transfer for the pipeline industry — moving knowledge from R&D into industry standards and education into possible regulations.
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Alnafjan, Abeer. "Math Game for Elementary School Children Using Leap Motion Controller." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2024) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004605.
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Education holds significant importance in society as it provides individuals with essential knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities. However, traditional educational approaches may not always engage children effectively. To address this, innovative methods are needed to make education more interesting and captivating for children. By incorporating interactive elements such as educational games, multimedia resources, and creative teaching techniques, we can create a learning environment that fosters curiosity, exploration, and active participation. This approach enhances learning outcomes and fosters a lifelong passion for learning in children. In recent years, the advancement of technology has transformed the educational landscape, offering a wide array of resources to enhance learning experiences. Educational games have emerged as a promising tool, particularly in fostering children's interest and engagement in various subject areas. There has been a significant increase in the number of studies, projects, and research efforts dedicated to designing guidelines and frameworks for integrating technology and educational games in the field of education. This increased focus demonstrates the acknowledgment of the significant potential of educational games as effective tools for improving learning outcomes. To ensure the effectiveness of these games, researchers and developers have identified essential features that contribute to their educational value. These features include the ability to stimulate critical thinking, minimize the reliance on textual content, provide user-friendly interfaces, and promote interactivity. By incorporating these elements into game design, educators can create engaging learning experiences that foster deeper understanding and knowledge acquisition among learners. The focus on these crucial features demonstrates the commitment to designing educational games that effectively support learning goals and engage students in meaningful ways. Our project’s primary aim is to design and develop an educational game employing hand movements using the Leap Motion Controller (LMC) as an interactive input device. The game aims to enhance children's understanding of arithmetic operations, specifically addition and subtraction, in an enjoyable and captivating manner. The use of LMC enables the recognition of children's gestures representing numbers, thereby providing an interactive learning experience. The objectives of the project include acquiring relevant background knowledge, establishing functional requirements and computational constraints, designing and developing a math game incorporating elements such as 3D animations and pictures, and validating the game's effectiveness in achieving its intended benefits for both children and their teachers.The paper is organized into five sections. Section 1 introduces the problem and outlines the aim and objectives of the project. Section 2 reviews related works in the field. Section 3 presents the system design. Section 4 describes the challenges anticipated during and after implementation. Finally, Section 5 concludes with a summary of our findings, future work, and design considerations.
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"The Growing Need for Cyberbiosecurity." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4337.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper describes the growing need for a new transdiscipline in cyberbiosecurity as well historical challenges associated with knowledge generation and integration among contributing disciplines. Background: Within the United States, there is an emerging call for cyberbiosecurity; however, cyberbiosecurity roles, practices and metrics have not been defined and federal agencies appear uncertain regarding how to proceed. Methodology: Scoping study. Contribution: This paper describes student research that is in progress. The research is aimed at providing a foundation for development of a cyberbiosecurity transdisciplinary knowledge framework. Findings: Key contributing disciplines such as safety and security have been slow to integrate; novel methods will be required to accelerate effective cyberbiosecurity. Recommendations for Practitioners and Researchers: Collaborate to form this new transdiscipline. Impact on Society: This research is intended to reduce stakeholder uncertainty and accelerate formation of cyberbiosecurity as an effective transdiscipline. Future Research: In-depth study that includes continued content review and analysis of knowledge artifacts and practices across contributing disciplines and engage-ment with stakeholders at different levels of government and industry to develop a cyberbiosecurity knowledge framework.
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Grosu, Corina, Brindusa luciana Grosu, and Marta Grosu. "APPLIED MATHEMATICS -EVALUATING STUDENTS' PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE IN A VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-198.
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The present paper introduces an innovative e-learning project developed on the Moodle platform, a three phased learning approach (method) aimed at encouraging students to discover the spectacular applications of Mathematics. The first phase of the project involves a multiple choice test with image based real-life scientific applications corresponding to mathematical notions belonging to the first year course in Mathematics. This test, administered at the beginning of the university year, has the role of evaluating the extent of the preexistent mathematical culture specific to each student. The second phase consists in a reapplication of the same questionnaire during the second term of the first year, when students have acquired the necessary mathematical background required in the test, but still lack explicit and grounded notions of specific applications of Mathematics. The last phase consists in a research team project, elaborated by students, each team being given the choice of investigating one of the practical applications of Mathematics mentioned in the test. Among the research objectives of our work , the following are the most important: i) Virtual learning -based evaluation of applied Mathematics level of knowledge at freshman Mathematics students and ii) Virtual learning -based evaluation of applied Mathematics level of knowledge and integration of theoretical notions at second term first-year Mathematics students. It also encourages students' team work and collaboration and promotes students' use of the internet and web-based resources for scientific research purposes. Moreover, another target of the project is familiarizing students with Mathematics' applications in science and every-day life and establishes the connection between the current use of modern technologies like Google maps search and queries in a Data Base Management System and paths of minimal length or Hilbert's curves.
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An, Liansuo, Peng Wang, Guoqing Shen, and Jie Shi. "Time Delay Estimator for Boiler Tube Leakage Localization." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55442.
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The inference of strong background noise and reflected by the wall and tube rows surface makes it impossible that justify accurately leakage position employing the characteristic received by multi-channel sensors. It is the ‘bottleneck’ for promoting the accuracy of boiler tube leakage location. The 600MW supercritical boiler model was established, the leakage source propagation process of reflection and attenuation in boiler furnace was simulated by EASE. The approximate signal to noise ratio (SNR) was obtained and the reverberation time was calculated with the squared impulse response integration method on the foundation of simulation. The time delay estimation algorithm PTN, SWITCH derived from PHAT and ML, respectively, are proposed and experiments results revealed the superiority over the classical generalized cross correlation (GCC) method in reverberant and noisy boiler background. Although SWITCH is outperformed by PTN slightly, but the prior knowledge of reverberant energy to direct energy ratio may be hard to obtain in practice and frequencies onset detection is required in PTN method, so the implementation of SWITCH is much easier.
Reports on the topic "Background knowledge integration"
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Canto, Patricia, ed. The role of vocational training knowledge intensive business services. (Main conclusions). Universidad de Deusto, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/vyqr9353.
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In the global economic model, the service sector continues to gain ground on the manufacturing sector and trends such as the integration of new technologies into production processes are advancing inexorably. Advanced economies are pushed to specialise, supported by their regional innovation systems, and cities are emerging as key and strategic centres of activity. In this context, Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are presented as critical due to their capacity to promote innovation within the regional productive fabric and smart specialisation strategies, the promotion of advanced manufacturing, the generation of quality employment and the stimulation of economic growth, especially in urban environments. This is why many cities, prioritizing KIBS to stimulate their economy, need to create and retain talent for this sort of industry. Likewise, vocational and education training (VET) systems, such as the Basque VET system, have so far developed their greatest strengths in the field of manufacturing knowledge. Due to this, VET seems to be obliged to adapt to this new scenario, in which KIBS and cities stand out, in order to continue to maintain their level of excellence. KIBS have been extensively examined, but until now no one had posed the following questions: What is the role of vocational training in KIBS? To what extent are VET profiles (and will VET profiles be) relevant in KIBS? This study will show an emerging trend in the labour market. This is the growing relevance of technology profiles with VET background in KIBS, especially in technology-based KIBS. VET technology profiles can be consolidated as one of the main implementing agents of the digital transformation (cybersecurity, blockchain, cloud computing, UX design, artificial intelligence, scientific computing...). To this end, hybridisation with other fields of knowledge but also with studies of other kinds such as university studies may be essential.
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Murphy, Keire, and Amy Stapleton. Access to autonomous housing for beneficiaries of International Protection in Ireland. ESRI, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs184.
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Housing plays a key role in the integration of beneficiaries of international protection (BIPs). However, past research has shown that BIPs often face significant barriers in accessing housing. Many countries provide supports to access autonomous housing as a result of this. These barriers pose a challenge for BIPs, who can find themselves with limited options to exit institutional or homeless accommodation, as well as for reception systems, which require outflow to accommodate new applicants. Understanding the challenges, barriers, and good practices is therefore a crucial element of the governance of accommodation of international protection applicants (IPA) in Ireland, as well as the integration of BIPs. However, there is limited recent research on the policies and supports in place for this group, their outcomes, and the challenges and barriers faced. This report considers the situation of those who arrived in Ireland, applied for international protection, and were granted this status. Applicants for international protection, beneficiaries of temporary protection (BOTP) fleeing the conflict in Ukraine, resettled refugees, and other third-country nationals residing in Ireland are outside of the scope of this study. The report is based on desk research, interviews, and stakeholder consultation. The research found that BIPs face significant challenges and barriers in trying to access autonomous housing, and that these have resulted in over 6,000 people with status remaining in International Protection Accommodation Services (IPAS) accommodation as of January 2024. One of its key findings is that some major challenges are actually mainstream issues not specific to this group. Examples include severe shortages in the supply of social housing and affordable rental housing, inadequacies in supports such as the Housing Assistance Payment (HAP), a lack of resources and high staff turnover among frontline workers in public services, and a lack of coordination or communication between different agencies or departments. Alongside these mainstream issues, and reflecting recent European comparative research (EMN, 2024), this study also found that BIPs experience additional challenges and barriers. In Ireland, these include language barriers and a lack of knowledge or information about the system, psychological issues arising from their background and the international protection system, and discrimination in the housing market. In addition, this study shows that many challenges in the Irish context arose from existing policies concerning this group, such as isolated reception centres, which impact on employment outcomes, mental health, access to services, and social connections. Insufficient resources for transition services, the recent IPAS policy of issuing transfers to different centres, and a lack of monitoring of the housing outcomes of BIPs once they leave IPAS accommodation also emerged as challenges. Other difficulties reported include a lack of knowledge or clarity within local authorities about the rights and entitlements of this group, as well as a lack of planning for families arriving through the process of family reunification.
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Looi, Chee-Kit, Longkai Wu, Peter Sen Kee Seow, and Wendy Huang. Researching and developing pedagogies using unplugged and computational thinking approaches for teaching computing in the schools. National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2020. https://doi.org/10.32658/10497/22601.
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INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND In 2017, Singapore’s Ministry of Education implemented a new GCE ‘O’ Level Computing curriculum. The new curriculum is a distinct shift from the teaching students on the use of software technology to the development of Computational Thinking skills and programming competencies. Computing thinking skills are associated with problem solving, reasoning and logic skills that all students should develop. As Singapore moves to implement a new curriculum with a greater emphasis on the development of computational thinking and programming, the following are some of the challenges that must be addressed: 1. Teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge in teaching Computing 2. Teachers’ Competency and Knowledge on Computational Thinking STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS This project has a focus on using and integrating the unplugged approach as introductory activities for teaching computing as a pedagogy. It focuses on helping students to understand concepts in Computational Thinking. The approach also fits very well to the teaching and learning environment in a typical secondary school classroom. We worked with the teachers from collaborating schools to design and co-design unplugged activities, observed how they enacted the lessons in the classroom. This would help us to understand how teachers interpret computational thinking and adapt the unplugged approaches with their teaching practice. Also, we would like to study students' learning outcomes as a result of the teaching. The existing practice and research of unplugged teaching has the following problems: 1. There is no systematic integration. Among the many topics in computing, there are not many topics that match unplugged activities. 2. For the first-line teachers, the available public accessible resources do not help much. It can only be used when they encounter related topics. Even if there are corresponding resources on the Internet, many teachers are not keen on adopting unplugged teaching methods, due to the time and effort needed to prepare and to enact the lessons. 3. The existing unplugged teaching resources are designed with the goal of mobilizing students' interest and engagement, and more in-depth practice and research in transiting from teaching with unplugged methods to programming is needed. PURPOSE OF STUDY The purposes of this proposed research study are the following: • Develop and evaluate pedagogies linked to teaching CT. We introduce teaching unplugged as an effective student-centered approach to introducing computing concepts without the use of computers, and then we design follow-up activities and pedagogies that move students forward in the crucial computational experiences. • Assess the effect on teachers. Teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge will be assessed to understand the level they started with, and the level they would have attained after the workshops and teaching in class. Classroom observations will be held to study the teachers’ enactment of computing lessons. We want to understand the territory of teachers’ dispositions for, attitudes toward and stereotypes concerning CT and Computing. • Assess the effect on students. Students’ work will be analysed to assess their level of comprehension and application of computing concepts, and this will be done through prior experience surveys, pre-post computing perceptions survey, pre-post computing tests, quizzes and computing assignments. These are steps towards developing an assessment framework for CT.
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Paran, Ilan, and Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.
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Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.
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Day, Kelsey. Nursing students' self-efficacy in caring for gender-diverse patients. University of Missouri - Columbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/106482.
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Background Gender-diverse patients (GDP) face barriers in healthcare, including discrimination and limited access to preventive care. Nursing curricula often lack GDP health content, leaving students underprepared to provide equitable care. This QI project aimed to improve RN-BSN students' self-efficacy and comfort in caring for GDP by integrating an educational module into their coursework. Methods A literature review revealed the need for increased education on GDP healthcare needs. An evidence-based educational module including a recorded presentation and an interactive case study was developed and implemented in an online course. Thirty-three RN-BSN students completed the module and pre- and post-intervention surveys, measuring interpersonal comfort (TABS) and self-efficacy (SEST). Changes in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed. Results The results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in students' recognition of non-binary identities and cultural self-awareness. The median SEST score increased significantly from 9.07 to 9.38 (p = .003), and notable gains were observed in students' ability to appreciate and recognize cultural nuances in healthcare. Conclusions The QI project highlights the importance of integrating LGBTQ health education into nursing curricula to address knowledge gaps and improve attitudes toward GDP care. Despite not meeting all objectives, the intervention yielded significant insights and positive shifts in attitudes, suggesting the need for broader implementation and further refinement of educational tools. IRB Approval IRB approval through exempt review. Co-Authors Miriam Butler, DNP, NP-C, FNP-BC; Lea Wood, DNP, MSN-RN; Anne Heyen, DNP-RN, CNE; Jan Sherman, PhD, RN, NNP-BC Learning Objective Describe the impact of targeted education on nursing students' self-efficacy in providing culturally competent care to gender-diverse patients.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.
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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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People’s Republic of China Poverty Reduction and Regional Cooperation Fund Annual Report 2022. Asian Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr230535-2.
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This report provides information about the technical assistance and grants provided through the People’s Republic of China Poverty Reduction and Regional Cooperation Fund (PRC Fund) during 2022. It includes details on the operational performance of this support. An overview of the PRC Fund—covering the background and rationale, objectives, operating principles and arrangements, and achievements—is also presented. Administered by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the PRC Fund was established in March 2005 to support poverty reduction, regional cooperation and integration, and knowledge sharing among ADB’s developing member countries.