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Crabtree, Nathan, Shirley Mo, Leon Ong, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Daniel Wei, David Fahey, and Jia (Jenny) Liu. "Retrospective Analysis of Patient Presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001540.
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AbstractIntroductionComprehensive studies on the relationship between patient demographics and subsequent treatment and disposition at a single mass-gathering event are lacking. The Sydney Royal Easter Show (SRES; Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales, Australia) is an annual, 14-day, agricultural mass-gathering event occurring around the Easter weekend, attracting more than 800,000 patrons per year. In this study, patient records from the SRES were analyzed to examine relationships between weather, crowd size, day of week, and demographics on treatment and disposition. This information would help to predict factors affecting patient treatment and disposition to guide ongoing training of first responders and to evaluate the appropriateness of staffing skills mix at future events.HypothesisPatient demographics, environmental factors, and attendance would influence the nature and severity of presentations at the SRES, which would influence staffing requirements.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4,141 patient record forms was performed for patients who presented to St John Ambulance (Australian Capital Territory, Australia) at the SRES between 2012 and 2014 inclusive. Presentation type was classified using a previously published minimum data set. Data on weather and crowd size were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) and the SRES, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v22 (IBM; Armonk, New York USA).ResultsBetween 2012 to 2014, over 2.5 million people attended the SRES with 4,141 patients treated onsite. As expected, the majority of presentations were injuries (49%) and illnesses (46%). Although patient demographics and presentation types did not change over time, the duration of treatment increased. A higher proportion of patients were discharged to hospital or home compared to the proportion of patients discharged back to the event. Patients from rural/regional locations (accounting for 15% of all patients) were more likely to require advanced treatment, health professional review, and were more likely to be discharged to hospital or home rather than discharged back to the event. Extremes of temperature were associated with a lower crowd size and higher patient presentation rate (PPR), but had no impact on transfer or referral rates to hospital.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that analyses of patient presentations at an agricultural show provide unique insights on weather, attendance, and demographic features that correlated with treatment and disposition. These data can help guide organizers with information on how to better staff and train health care providers at future mass-gathering events of this type.CrabtreeN,MoS,OngL,JegatheesT,WeiD,FaheyD,LiuJ.Retrospective analysis of patient presentations at the Sydney (Australia) Royal Easter Show from 2012 to 2014.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2)187–194.
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Tripathi, Manjul, Harsh Deora, Nishant S. Yagnick, Sandeep Mohindra, Aman Batish, and Jenil Gurnaani. "The Gentleman’s Game Has New Rules for Concussion: Possible Impact and Controversies." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 17, no. 01 (June 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713067.
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Abstract Background When Jofra Archer bowled that fateful bouncer that felled Steve Smith, arguably the best batsman in the world, the gut-churning incident revived images of the horrific Phillip Hughes tragedy. Fortunately, Smith was soon up and about, but he was forced off the ground by the medicos. Less than an hour later, the 30-year-old came back to the crease to resume his innings on 80 not out but he did not look right. He soon fell for 92—the first time he was dismissed under a hundred in the series—to a misjudgment that he would never make normally. Following this, discussions regarding concussions in sports in general and cricket in particular had been reignited throughout the world. Methods We reviewed all available literatures on concussion in cricket and also reviewed all possible guidelines issued by the International Cricket Council and Cricket Australia on concussion. The latest guidelines issued on May 23, 2019 were kept as the basis for this article. Causes and possible methods/steps in management of the same were considered. Discussion Sport should not be played at the cost of lives and mental well-being of the players. The guidelines issued are very exhaustive and useful but have no meaning if they are not implemented properly. Sports-related injuries are often considered trivial but considering recent events, they are not. There is a spectrum ranging from craniofacial injuries to concussion, leading to career and even life-ending injuries in professional cricket. In retrospect, most of the injuries were concussions but they had a lasting impact on the players’ career. Conclusion Appropriate medical personnel must be present at all times to cover all matches (preferably having experience in head injuries). The decision on the medical personnel pervades any stage of the game and substitutes should be considered immediately, with return to play only after proper evaluation, and clearance has been obtained.
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Boyle, Edward M., Ronald V. Maier, Jorge D. Salazar, John C. Kovacich, Grant O'Keefe, Fredrick A. Mann, Anthony J. Wilson, Michael K. Copass, and Gregory J. Jurkovich. "Diagnosis of Injuries after Stab Wounds to the Back and Flank." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 42, no. 2 (February 1997): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199702000-00013.
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Williams, David T., Danny L. Chang, and Matthieu P. DeClerck. "Penetrating spinal cord injuries with retained canal fragments." CJEM 11, no. 02 (March 2009): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500011155.
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Case 1: A previously healthy 15-year-old boy was brought by paramedics to the emergency department (ED) after suffering multiple penetrating gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the lower extremities and a single entry to the left suprascapular region. Vital signs were within normal limits upon presentation. Case 2: A previously healthy 19-year-old man was brought by paramedics to the ED after suffering multiple stab wounds to the back. The patient was hypoxic and in severe respiratory distress upon arrival. A left thoracostomy tube was placed. Clinically the patient improved and vital signs returned to normal.
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Jacobs, Margaret D. "Seeing Like a Settler Colonial State." Modern American History 1, no. 2 (March 16, 2018): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2018.5.
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In 1998, the Canadian historian and politician Michael Ignatieff wrote: “All nations depend on forgetting: on forging myths of unity and identity that allow a society to forget its founding crimes, its hidden injuries and divisions, its unhealed wounds.” Ironically, Ignatieff's home country has belied his assertion. Canada has engaged in collective remembering of one of its hidden injuries—the Indian residential schools—through a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) from 2009 to 2015. Australia, too, has reckoned since the 1990s with its own unhealed wounds—the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families, or, in common parlance, the “Stolen Generations.”
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Mori, Alfredo. "Misericord Injuries: Ancient and Modern." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003364.
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Introduction:The Misericord, or stabbing pike, was a frequently used battlefield implement in medieval times. The misericord was used by battlefield clerics to relieve the suffering of irreparably wounded soldiers. Its cultural parallels include the Roman gladius, the Japanese wakazashi, and the eponymous Liston knife used in pre-Victorian era surgery in England.Methods:This demonstration will analyze modern misericord injuries in the light of the current epidemic of long knife (or zombie knife) attacks in London and the domestic terrorist threat in Australia.Discussion:A review of this weapon is pertinent to the projected low-technology, low-impact, and deep-penetrating wounds expected in urban terrorism in Australia and other cities globally. The talk will emphasize field discussion, demonstration, and disarming techniques against modern misericord-type weapons.
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Albrecht, Roxie M., Anthony Vigil, Carol R. Schermer, Gerald B. Demarest, Victor H. Davis, and Donald E. Fry. "Stab Wounds to the Back/Flank in Hemodynamically Stable Patients: Evaluation using Triple-Contrast Computed Tomography." American Surgeon 65, no. 7 (July 1999): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313489906500715.
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Triple-contrast computerized tomography OCT) has been proposed as a method to detect high-risk injuries in hemodynamically stable patients with stab wounds (SWs) to the back/flank and to successfully triage patients with low-risk scans into a potentially cost-effective treatment algorithm. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience with the use of 3CT for diagnostic accuracy of SWs to the back/flank and to evaluate potential decreased length of stay (LOS) in the hospital for patients with low-risk scans and no associated injuries. Seventy-nine hemodynamically stable patients met criteria for inclusion in this review. Fifty-eight 3CTs were performed for initial evaluation, 44 low risk and 14 high risk, and 21 patients underwent mandatory laparotomy. The accuracy of 3CT was found to be 97.9 per cent. The LOS was significantly less in patients who had no associated injuries and a low-risk 3CT (16.5 hours), as compared with all other treatment groups. Hemodynamically stable patients with SWs to the back/flank may be safely triaged using 3CT. Patients with low-risk scans and no associated injuries may be discharged immediately, and those with potential delayed associated injuries should be observed for 6 to 24 hours. This strategy significantly decreases LOS in patients with low incidence of significant injury.
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Langford, Jane H., Phillip Artemi, and Shalom I. Benrimoj. "Topical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Minor Wounds." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 5 (May 1997): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100506.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a novel topical antimicrobial gel containing cetrimide, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulfate to prevent infections of minor wounds. DESIGN: A clinical trial compared the test preparation with placebo and a povidone iodine antiseptic cream. SETTING: Five primary schools in Sydney, Australia, participated in the study over a 6-week spring/summer school term. SUBJECTS: Children aged 5–12 years with parental consent were eligible for study participation. Accidental injuries occurring at school were treated in a standardized manner by nurses at each site. OUTCOME MEASURES: Wounds were evaluated by the medical practitioner after 3 days of topical treatment. The clinical outcome was classified as resolution or suspected infection. If a clinical infection was suspected, the injury was swabbed for microbiologic evaluation. Growth of a dominant microorganism was classified as a microbiologic infection. RESULTS: Of the 177 injuries treated, there were nine clinical infections. A comparison of these showed a significant difference among treatment groups (p < 0.05). This difference was associated with the test preparation and placebo; the test preparation reduced the incidence of clinical infection from 12.5% to 1.6% (p < 0.05; 95% CI, 0.011 to 0.207). A comparison of microbiologic infections showed no significant differences among treatment groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The novel gel preparation containing cetrimide, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulfate showed therapeutic action and reduced the incidence of clinical infections in minor accidental wounds. It may be a suitable product for first aid prophylaxis.
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Bansal, Vishal, Chris M. Reid, Dale Fortlage, Jeanne Lee, Leslie Kobayashi, Jay Doucet, and Raul Coimbra. "Determining Injuries from Posterior and Flank Stab Wounds Using Computed Tomography Tractography." American Surgeon 80, no. 4 (April 2014): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000425.
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Unlike anterior stab wounds (SW), in which local exploration may direct management, posterior SW can be challenging to evaluate. Traditional triple contrast computed tomography (CT) imaging is cumbersome and technician-dependent. The present study examines the role of CT tractography as a strategy to manage select patients with back and flank SW. Hemodynamically stable patients with back and flank SW were studied. After resuscitation, Betadine- or Visipaque®-soaked sterile sponges were inserted into each SW for the estimated depth of the wound. Patients underwent abdominal helical CT scanning, including intravenous contrast, as the sole abdominal imaging study. Images were reviewed by an attending radiologist and trauma surgeon. The tractogram was evaluated to determine SW trajectory and injury to intra- or retroperitoneal organs, vascular structures, the diaphragm, and the urinary tract. Complete patient demographics including operative management and injuries were collected. Forty-one patients underwent CT tractography. In 11 patients, tractography detected violation of the intra- or retroperitoneal cavity leading to operative exploration. Injuries detected included: the spleen (two), colon (one), colonic mesentery (one), kidney (kidney), diaphragm (kidney), pneumothorax (seven), hemothorax (two), iliac artery (one), and traumatic abdominal wall hernia (two). In all patients, none had negative CT findings that failed observation. In this series, CT tractography is a safe and effective imaging strategy to evaluate posterior torso SW. It is unknown whether CT tractography is superior to traditional imaging modalities. Other uses for CT tractography may include determining trajectory from missile wounds and tangential penetrating injuries.
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Jalili, Reza, Myriam Maude Verly, Breshell Russ, Ruhangiz T. Kilani, and Aziz Ghahary. "645 Topical Application of a Novel Powdered Scaffold for Rapid Treatment of Skin Injuries." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S168—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.265.
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Abstract Introduction In large skin injuries, lack of matrix deposition impedes timely healing process. The longer a wound remains open, the greater is the risk of infection, non-healing, and other complications. It is therefore crucial to find effective means to promote rapid closure of skin defects. Our group has previously developed a liquid in situ-forming nutritional scaffold, known as MeshFill (MF). MF has been previously proven to be very effective in accelerating the wound repair process, notably that of complex wounds. However, MF is limited in its application to deep and tunnelling wounds, and requires reconstitution with a solvent as well as maintenance at cold temperature until application. To address these limitations, our group has developed a powdered form of MF for rapid topical application on superficial skin injuries such as dehisced surgical wounds and burn injuries. Methods Our goal was to investigate whether a powdered form of MF could be directly applied onto the wounds to accelerate healing. Ideally, powdered MF would absorb the moisture within the wound environment and reconstitute into the gel form in situ. We examined the efficacy of powder MF (PMF) compared to reconstituted gel MF (GMF) and to a standard dressing protocol. To do so, splinted full thickness wounds were generated on the back of mice and treated with either PMF or GMF or were bandaged with no treatment (NT). The healing process was monitored until wounds were fully closed. Clinical wound measurements and histological assessments were performed to compare different treatment regimens. Results Application of both PMF and GMF accelerated wound epithelialization at days 7 and 14, compared to NT, and had faster wound closure times. On average, the PMF treatments healed 17% faster than the NT control, and the GMF treatments healed 21% faster than the NT control. No significant difference between PMF and GMF was found for any outcomes. Additionally, our results suggest that epidermis formation was more effective in P and MF conditions compared to NT. Conclusions These findings suggest that topical application of a powdered form of MeshFill is as effective as standard reconstituted MeshFill gel in accelerating the healing process of skin injuries. Applicability of Research to Practice Topical application of a powdered scaffold may be a very convenient and practical method for rapid treatment of large superficial wounds such as dehisced surgical wounds, burn injuries, and filling gaps in meshed skin grafts.
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Hamrahi, Victoria, Michael R. Hamblin, Walter Jung, John B. Benjamin, Kasie W. Paul, Alan J. Fischman, Ronald G. Tompkins, and Edward A. Carter. "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection in Thigh Abscess Can Migrate to Distant Burn Depending on Burn Depth." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567140.
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Sepsis remains the major cause of death in patients with major burn injuries. In the present investigation we evaluated the interaction between burn injuries of varying severity and preexisting distant infection. We used Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosaandProteus mirabilis) that were genetically engineered to be bioluminescent, which allowed for noninvasive, sequential optical imaging of the extent and severity of the infection. The bioluminescent bacteria migrated from subcutaneous abscesses in the leg to distant burn wounds on the back depending on the severity of the burn injury, and this migration led to increased mortality of the mice. Treatment with ciprofloxacin, injected either in the leg with the bacterial infection or into the burn eschar, prevented this colonization of the wound and decreased mortality. The present data suggest that burn wounds can readily become colonized by infections distant from the wound itself.
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Yu, Yasong, Jarot Guerra, Deviney A. Rattigan, and Anastasia Kunac. "Management of Complex Transmediastinal Stab Wound With Cardiac, Esophageal, and Arterial Injury." American Surgeon 88, no. 5 (February 4, 2022): 1028–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00031348211063550.
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Penetrating transmediastinal traumatic injuries often carry a high mortality given the vital structures this type of injury often involves. Here, we describe a case of 24-year-old man who suffered multiple stab wounds to the chest and back with associated cardiac, esophageal, and arterial injury, requiring immediate operative intervention. He underwent sternotomy and left thoracotomy with pericardiotomy, repair of 2 right ventricular lacerations, and ligation of internal mammary artery. The esophageal injury was repaired with endoscopic clips. Patient had an uncomplicated recovery. Despite high mortality often associated with transmediastinal penetrating injuries, good outcomes are achievable with rapid identification of injuries and appropriate operative intervention alongside adequate resuscitation.
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Holmes, Jonathan. "Henry Mayer Lecture 2013: Quis Custodiet …? Reflections of a Media Watcher." Media International Australia 148, no. 1 (August 2013): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314800103.
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During hearings for the inquiry into press regulation, one newspaper proprietor suggested to Ray Finkelstein QC that his journalists were ‘more afraid of Media Watch than of the Press Council’. To counter what he saw as the Australian Press Council's ineffectiveness, Mr Finkelstein recommended a statutory News Media Council to enforce ethical and editorial standards on the print and online media. Although – judging by online comments – such a move might well have proved popular with consumers of news, the mainstream media rancorously opposed it on the grounds that it would threaten freedom of speech. The more cogent objection, however, was that would be unnecessary, and ineffective. Cases of individuals badly maligned, bullied or otherwise damaged by the media are comparatively few in Australia: those cited by Ray Finkelstein, on closer examination, were neither clear-cut nor amenable to regulation. And, while regulating accuracy is possible, regulating ‘fairness' (especially if that means attempting to root out political bias) is well-nigh impossible. The opportunity for the most desirable reform to media regulation – a self-regulatory regime that would cover all media on all platforms – has been lost. But this article argues that the digital revolution might well provide solutions. Over time, it will dilute the dominance of the major news outlets in Australia – especially News Ltd. And for the first time, it affords injured or affronted consumers a means to band together and hit back at Big Media in ways that are both swift and effective. We are all Media Watchers now.
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Bokhari, Faran, Kimberly Nagy, Roxxane Roberts, Scott Brakenridge, Robert Smith, Kimberly Joseph, Gary An, and John Barrett. "The Ultrasound Screen for Penetrating Truncal Trauma." American Surgeon 70, no. 4 (April 2004): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480407000410.
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A prospective blinded pilot study was performed at an urban level 1 trauma center to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound in ruling out penetrating visceral truncal injury. For 8 months, 49 nonconsecutive patients who presented with truncal gunshot and stab wounds were evaluated by a 10-MHz ultrasound tranducer probe. The deepest muscle bundle and the fascia enveloping it was examined by ultrasound. These images were compared to the equivalent contralateral unaffected side of the patient. All the patients then underwent standard testing to evaluate for potential intracavitary injury. Forty-nine patients with a mean age of 28 years (SD, 8.8) were evaluated by ultrasound. A total of 58 injuries were evaluated of which 37 were stab wounds and 21 were gunshot wounds. Thoracoabdominal and back and flank injuries were the most commonly evaluated injuries. There were 20 true positives, 20 false positives, and 18 true negatives, each with approximately twice as many stab as gunshot wounds. There were no false negatives. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of ultrasound in determining clinically significant truncal visceral injury in penetrating truncal trauma is 100 per cent. The specificity and positive predictive value are both approximately 50 per cent. Ultrasonic examination of the injured abdominal wall layers in truncal penetrating trauma is an excellent screening tool. Simple comparative assessment with the unaffected contralateral side allows a highly sensitive method of decreasing the number of potentially morbid, time consuming, and expensive tests that are currently employed to rule out visceral injury.
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Hocking, DP, FG Marx, WMG Parker, JP Rule, SGC Cleuren, AD Mitchell, M. Hunter, JD Bell, EMG Fitzgerald, and AR Evans. "Inferring diet, feeding behaviour and causes of mortality from prey-induced injuries in a New Zealand fur seal." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 139 (April 30, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03473.
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New Zealand fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri are the most abundant of the 4 otariid (eared seal) species distributed across Australasia. Analyses of stomach contents, scats and regurgitates suggest a diet dominated by bony fish and squid, with cartilaginous species (e.g. sharks and rays) either absent or underrepresented because of a lack of preservable hard parts. Here we report on a subadult specimen from south-eastern Australia, which was found ashore emaciated and with numerous puncture wounds across its lips, cheeks, throat and the inside of its oral cavity. Fish spines embedded in the carcass revealed that these injuries were inflicted by chimaeras and myliobatiform rays (stingrays and relatives), which matches reports on the diet of A. forsteri from New Zealand, but not South Australia. Shaking and tearing of prey at the surface may help to avoid ingestion of the venomous spines, perhaps contributing to their absence from scats and regurgitates. Nevertheless, the number and severity of the facial stab wounds, some of which led to local necrosis, likely affected the animal’s ability to feed, and may account for its death. Despite their detrimental effects, fish spine-related injuries are difficult to spot, and may be a common, albeit cryptic, type of trauma. We therefore recommend that stranded seals be systematically examined for this potentially life-threatening pathology.
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Alfleesy, Othman. "The less experienced forensic pathologists led to errors in the autopsy of Kennedy's body and an inaccurate medico-legal report." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2019): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2019/asjbccr.6145.
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Because the assassination of Kennedy was public opinion and from my view, it is an ethical issue, it is time for me to contribute with this scientific and medico-legal opinion (because my age at the assassination was 7 years old). According to the available information I found, nothing about the murder has been as controversial as the nature of Kennedy’s Injuries. Kennedy’s wounds have been a matter of continuing controversy in regard to their numbers, their directions, their nature and type (either entrance or exit). In most reports, all have mentioned that the injuries of Kennedy as follows: Kennedy’s head exploded, Kennedy died as a result of two gunshot wounds, Kennedy has a wound in his back and other in his neck (anterior side) [1]. In many opinions, the forensic pathologists have written about Kennedy’s assassination, on 22 Nov. 1963. These opinions in regard to Kennedy’s autopsy & report, unfortunately, were confused, contradictory, and often have a lot of professional (malpractice) and practical mistakes.
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Sidenberg, Barry S. "Medical Consequences of Terrorism, Conflict and Civil Unrest." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030375.
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There are over 25 active insurgencies in progress worldwide today. Terrorism is often part of these actions. But terrorism is also found worldwide in areas where no active insurgency exists. There has been a sharp rise in terrorist activities in the last five years, and there will continue to be an increase in such activities in the future.Bombs, in various assortments, are the favorite weapons of terrorists. When guns are utilized, they are often of the military type and produce subsequent high velocity missile injuries which have entirely different characteristics than the normal type of handgun injury encountered in the civilian practice of medicine. The type of wounds produced by bombings include blast injuries, burns, multiple fragment injuries, blunt trauma, and major mutilation to include amputation. High velocity missile injuries produced by the use of various military rifles and submachine guns require treatment by a surgeon knowledgeable in the care of such wounds. Surgical lessons learned by military surgeons dating back to the time of Napoleon's surgeon Larrey are discussed in some detail in the article. Special considerations attending to medical care associated with terrorist activities are highlighted. Such consequences include multi-system trauma to an individual, trauma to large numbers of individuals at one time, massive trauma to individuals, and the difficulty in treating and evacuating victims who are trapped in rubble.
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Savage, Paul B. "846 Effects of Ceragenins on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Formation in Burn Wounds in a Porcine Model." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S262—S263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.418.
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Abstract Introduction Damage from burn wounds compromises the protective function of the skin, increasing susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections and sepsis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly infects burn injuries and is associated with high morbidity, especially in large total burn surface area injuries. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD), the standard topical antimicrobial used for burn wounds, has been associated with irritation, scarring and other adverse effects creating a need for alternative treatment options. Ceragenins are small-molecule mimics of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. In this pilot study, two ceragenins, CSA-44 and CSA-144 were assessed for their ability to reduce P. aeruginosa in a porcine burn wound model. Methods One pathogen-free female pig was appropriately prepared and 48 burn wounds were generated, under general anesthesia, on the back and flank area by direct contact with a heated brass rod. Wounds were inoculated with P. aeruginosa and biofilm was allowed to form for 24 hours. Four of the wounds were analyzed 24 hours post inoculation to establish baseline bacterial counts. R emaining wounds were treated with a vehicle control, SSD (positive control) or formulations of CSA-44 and CSA-144 in gel, cream and aqueous forms. After 7 days of treatment, tissue samples from the wounds were excised and bacterial counts were determined (colony forming units per milliliter of tissue). Percent decreases in bacterial counts were evaluated for each wound. The wounds were also observed for erythema and irritation over the course of the study. Results The greatest reductions in bacterial counts after treatment were seen in wounds treated with aqueous CSA-44 at 0.05 % (99.6% reduction) and aqueous CSA-144 at 0.05% (98.4% reduction), which were both greater than the bacterial reductions seen in wounds treated with SSD. Additionally, after the second day of treatment, wounds treated with aqueous CSA-44 and CSA-144 showed reduced erythema, while wounds treated with SSD continued to show swelling and redness. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effective antimicrobial action of aqueous formulations of ceragenins CSA-44 and CSA-144. The bacterial reduction seen with aqueous CSA-44 and CSA-144 were greater than the positive control (SSD). Furthermore, treatment with CSA-44 showed reduced signs of irritation, which were not observed with SSD. Even within this small sample size, the superior antimicrobial ability of ceragenins, without the negative effects of SSD becomes apparent. Applicability of Research to Practice Ceragenins provide a means of replacing endogenous defenses against infection in burn wounds.
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Taylor-Leech, Kerry. "Timorese talking back." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.00016.tay.
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Abstract Taking the dispute between East Timor and Australia over their maritime boundary as an illustrative context, this article discusses the role of semiotic resources in constructing chronotopes of protest. Reflecting first on language choice in urban protests during East Timor’s struggle for independence, the paper goes on to analyse the deployment of material and virtual resources in East Timorese-led demonstrations against the Australian government’s stance in the dispute. Using ‘entanglement’ as a structuring metaphor, and looking at language choice, social and grammatical indexicality, imagery, embodied cultural capital, and the choreography of assembly, the paper explores how protesters constructed a set of chronotopes that drew on the injuries of the colonial past, and re-emplaced and re-framed them in the post-colonial present. The paper looks at the linguistic landscape of protest as a semiotic aggregate in which the periphery claims a voice and ‘talks back’ to the centre.
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Bečić, Fahir, Nedžad Mulabegović, Zakira Mornjaković, Elvedina Kapić, Senad Prašović, Ervina Bečić, and Jasna Kusturica. "Topical treatment of standardised burns with herbal remedies in model rats." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (November 20, 2005): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2005.3233.
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Experimental studies of burns require the use of different animal models. The aim of this work was to establish experimental model of thermal injuries and to evaluate the effects of topical agents on healing of the burn wounds. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly classified in 4 groups and isolated for 2 weeks before the onset of experiment. Animals were primarily anaesthetized with pentobarbital-sodium and then shaved (skin area of their back with diameters 5 cm x 5 cm). A round metal stamp with contact area of 5 cm2 and total weight of 100 g was heated up to 80°C and then applied without additional pressure on the depilated skin of the back for 14 seconds. This procedure produced a standardized burn wound. Induced burn wounds were immediately drowned in the 4°C-water for 3 s in order to maintain microcirculation. After the inducement of thermal injures, all rats were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, herbal topical preparations or were not treated at all. Burn wounds were treated twice a day until the healing completion. The result of treatment application was a significant reduction of burn wound diameters. Herbal topical preparations expressed positive therapeutic effects on the parameters of burn wounds. The efficiency of silver sulfadiazine cream in burn wound healing was significantly more expressed in comparison to healing process in control group of animals (p<0,001). We conclude that herbal topical preparations efficiently caused the completion of burn wound healing process without scar formation.
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De Giorgio, Fabio, and Juha Rainio. "Two entrances, one exit — an atypical shotgun injury." Medicine, Science and the Law 47, no. 4 (October 2007): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.47.4.353.
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Firearm-related injuries are a major problem worldwide and one of the central issues in forensic pathology. An atypical appearance of a gunshot wound can create surgical or medico-legal diagnostic problems. We report a case of a homicidal shotgun fatality with an unusual trajectory of pellets in the body. Two large pellets perforated the anterior chest wall near to each other but made their exit through a common wound in the back. Our report describes the results of the medico-legal investigation and discusses problems related to examination of firearm wounds.
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Smith, Sarah Dixon, David Henson, George Hay, and Andrew S. C. Rice. "Chronic post-amputation pain and blast injury: An analysis of British First World War Veterans’ pension records, 1914-85." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 7, S2 (November 1, 2021): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0044.
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LAY SUMMARY The First World War created the largest group of amputees in history. There were over 41,000 amputee Veterans in the UK alone. Recent studies estimate that over two-thirds of amputees will suffer long-term pain because of their injuries. Medical files for the First World War have recently been released to the public. Despite the century between the First World War and the recent Afghanistan conflict, treatments for injured soldiers and the most common types of injuries have not significantly changed. A team of historians, doctors, and amputee Veterans have collaborated to investigate what happened next for soldiers injured in the war and how their wounds affected their postwar lives, and hope that looking back at the First World War and seeing which treatments worked and what happened to the amputees as they got older (e.g., if having an amputation put them at risk of other illnesses or injuries) can assist today’s Veterans and medical teams in planning for their future care.
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Mikulski, Richard N. R., Holger Schutkowski, Martin J. Smith, Claude Doumet-Serhal, and Piers D. Mitchell. "Weapon injuries in the crusader mass graves from a 13th century attack on the port city of Sidon (Lebanon)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 25, 2021): e0256517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256517.
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Archaeological excavations close to St Louis’ castle in Sidon, Lebanon have revealed two mass grave deposits containing partially articulated and disarticulated human skeletal remains. A minimum of 25 male individuals have been recovered, with no females or young children. Radiocarbon dating of the human remains, a crusader coin, and the design of Frankish belt buckles strongly indicate they belong to a single event in the mid-13th century CE. The skeletal remains demonstrate a high prevalence of unhealed sharp force, penetrating force and blunt force trauma consistent with medieval weaponry. Higher numbers of wounds on the back of individuals than the front suggests some were attacked from behind, possibly as they fled. The concentration of blade wounds to the back of the neck of others would be compatible with execution by decapitation following their capture. Taphonomic changes indicate the skeletal remains were left exposed for some weeks prior to being collected together and re-deposited in the defensive ditch by a fortified gateway within the town wall. Charring on some bones provides evidence of burning of the bodies. The findings imply the systematic clearance of partially decomposed corpses following an attack on the city, where adult and teenage males died as a result of weapon related trauma. The skeletons date from the second half of the Crusader period, when Christian-held Sidon came under direct assault from both the Mamluk Sultanate (1253 CE) and the Ilkhanate Mongols (1260 CE). It is likely that those in the mass graves died during one of these assaults.
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Horváth, Dávid. "Mycotoxin contamination in maize triggered by arthropod pests and the related protection possibilities." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 72 (May 16, 2017): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/72/1588.
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Mycotoxin contamination in harvested maize has increased in the last decades, which can be unequivocally back to the plant health troubles caused by global warming. The increasing of wounds in maize crops was occurred by climate change both on direct (hailstorm) and indirect(newly appeared pests) ways. In additional, the settling phytopathogenic microfungi on these plant wounds inflict serious human and animal health problems.The changing of Hungarian arthropod pests assemblages stand in the background of this dangerous nuisance complex. The spreading of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) bivoltine ecotype as well as the newly appeared adventive species [cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica v. virgifera LeConte), fourspotted-sapbeetle (Glischrochilus quadrisignatus Say)] in Hungary can be responsible for this situation. In total, all technological elements, which obstruct the damage of these chewing mouthparts pests, as well as moderate the mechanical damage of maize, can be contribute to the reduction of both these phytopathogens injuries and mycotoxin contaminations.
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Go, M. L., M. Or, B. Van Goethem, A. Kitshoff, E. Abma, and H. De Rooster. "Negative pressure wound therapy: the past and the future." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 86, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v86i3.16282.
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Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) involves the application of negative pressure on a wound bed for its positive effects on wound healing. Indications for NPWT concern various types of wounds, skin grafts and flaps, partial-thickness burns, open abdomen management and closed incisions. Negative pressure wound therapy has been used for centuries in human medicine. Its first use dates back to the Roman era (around 27 BCE) when human generated pressures were used. Later, European and Russian physicians developed various advanced methods and systems to apply negative pressure on wounds or other injuries. The on-going positive findings in human medicine triggered researchers in veterinary medicine to apply this technique on animal patients. However, much still has to be investigated regarding NPWT, especially in veterinary medicine, as there are many factors playing a role in the mechanisms of this treatment. New methods and techniques are continuously being developed and the existing studies show great potential for NPWT.
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Frank, Erik T., Marten Wehrhahn, and K. Eduard Linsenmair. "Wound treatment and selective help in a termite-hunting ant." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1872 (February 14, 2018): 20172457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2457.
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Open wounds are a major health risk in animals, with species prone to injuries likely developing means to reduce these risks. We therefore analysed the behavioural response towards open wounds on the social and individual level in the termite group-hunting ant Megaponera analis . During termite raids, some ants get injured by termite soldiers (biting off extremities), after the fight injured ants get carried back to the nest by nest-mates. We observed treatment of the injury by nest-mates inside the nest through intense allogrooming at the wound. Lack of treatment increased mortality from 10% to 80% within 24 h, most likely due to infections. Wound clotting occurred extraordinarily fast in untreated injured individuals, within 10 min. Furthermore, heavily injured ants (loss of five extremities) were not rescued or treated; this was regulated not by the helper but by the unresponsiveness of the injured ant. Interestingly, lightly injured ants behaved ‘more injured’ near nest-mates. We show organized social wound treatment in insects through a multifaceted help system focused on injured individuals. This was not only limited to selective rescuing of lightly injured individuals by carrying them back (thus reducing predation risk), but, moreover, included a differentiated treatment inside the nest.
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Shazi, B., JL Bruce, GL Laing, B. Sartorius, and DL Clarke. "The management of colonic trauma in the damage control era." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 99, no. 1 (January 2017): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0303.
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INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this study was to audit our current management of colonic trauma, and to review our experience of colonic trauma in patients who underwent initial damage control (DC) surgery.METHODSAll patients treated for colonic trauma between January 2012 and December 2014 by the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service were included in the study. Data reviewed included mechanism of injury, method of management (primary repair [PR], primary diversion [PD] or DC) and outcome (complications and mortality rate).ResultsA total of 128 patients sustained a colonic injury during the study period. Ninety-seven per cent of the injuries were due to penetrating trauma. Of these cases, 56% comprised stab wounds (SWs) and 44% were gunshot wounds (GSWs). Management was by PR in 99, PD in 20 and DC surgery in 9 cases. Among the 69 SW victims, 57 underwent PR, 9 had PD and 3 required a DC procedure. Of the 55 GSW cases, 40 were managed with PR, 9 with PD and 6 with DC surgery. In the PR group, there were 16 colonic complications (5 cases of breakdown and 11 of wound sepsis). Overall, nine patients (7%) died.CONCLUSIONSPR of colonic trauma is safe and should be used for the majority of such injuries. Persistent acidosis, however, should be considered a contraindication. In unstable patients with complex injuries, the optimal approach is to perform DC surgery. In this situation, formal diversion is contraindicated, and the injury should be controlled and dropped back into the abdomen at the primary operation. At the repeat operation, if the physiological insult has been reversed, then formal repair of the colonic injury is acceptable.
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Hsiou, Chia-Lin, Chih-Chin Hsu, Pei-Wen Liao, Fu-Hua Yang, Ann Nee Lee, and Wei-Hsiang Huang. "Forensic Death Investigations of Dog Bite Injuries in 31 Cats." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182404.
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Animal bite injuries are common in free-ranging cats in Taiwan, and most fatal animal bite events are presumed to be caused by dogs. However, speculation regarding animal abuse may occur when carcasses with prominent injuries are found by members of the general public. Local animal protection offices and veterinary clinicians sometimes face difficulties in convincing these individuals by identifying specific features of dog bite injuries in cat carcasses. Therefore, the present study analyzed injury patterns and distribution in 31 necropsied cats with animal bite injuries, and applied deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis for canine DNA identification in 13 cats. The main necropsy findings included puncture wounds (26 (83.9%)), linear or small, round contusions/abrasions (20 (64.5%)), lacerations/avulsions (17 (54.8%)), abdominal wall rupture/laceration (19 (61.3%)), herniation (16 (51.6%)), fractures (21 (67.7%)), broken claws (16 (51.6%)), and hair tufts on the body surface (28 (90.3%)). The most-commonly injured regions were the ventral thorax and axilla (23 (74.2%)), hind limbs (22 (71.0%)), shoulder-to-dorsal thorax (21 (67.7%)), back and flank (20 (64.5%)), abdomen (19 (61.3%)), neck (19 (61.3%)), and hip/tail/perineum (17 (54.8%)). Canine mitochondrial DNA was identified in 3 out of 11 cases (27.3%) that were sampled using wound swabs and in 4 out of 5 cases that had hair entrapped in broken claws. In conclusion, this study determined the distribution and features of dog bite injuries in cats and developed an elemental method using trace evidence for DNA identification in animal bites.
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Campbell, Harold, Rabia Nizamani, Samuel W. Jones, and Felicia N. Williams. "Death Due to Fractal Wood Burning: An Emerging Public Health Problem." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa066.
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Abstract The art of pyrography, burning designs in wood, dates back to prehistory. Risks of traditional techniques included cutaneous burns and airway injury. Fractal wood burning is a niche technique using a high-voltage electrical source to burn branched designs into wood. While this technique has grown in popularity, the associated risks are not well understood. We describe a patient who presented to our burn center after sustaining high-voltage electrical injuries while making fractal wood art using an improvised a high-voltage transformer. During the wood-burning process, he contacted the electrodes and suffered full-thickness electrical burns to the neck, chest, and bilateral upper extremities. Bilateral upper extremity fasciotomies were performed on admission. Multiple subsequent operations culminated with autografting to most of the wounds and complex reconstruction of the left thumb. In evaluating online news reports, we found 25 unique individuals with death or injury attributed to fractal wood burning from July 2016 to January 2020. Five sustained substantial injuries, while 20 reportedly died. Ages ranged from 17 years old to the 60s. One death and one injury occurred in females, with the remainder of reports involving males. Of the survivors, four sustained significant upper extremity electrical injuries and three suffered cardiac arrest at the time of injury. Fractal wood burning is associated with devastating high-voltage electrical injuries and death. Prevention efforts should be focused on education about the potential for death and permanently disabling injuries from this art form.
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Huebner, Marianne, and Wenjuan Ma. "Health challenges and acute sports injuries restrict weightlifting training of older athletes." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 2 (June 2022): e001372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001372.
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ObjectivesTo quantify acute injuries sustained during weightlifting that result in training restrictions and identify potential risk factors or preventative factors in Master athletes and to evaluate potentially complex interactions of age, sex, health-related and training-related predictors of injuries with machine learning (ML) algorithms.MethodsA total of 976 Masters weightlifters from Australia, Canada, Europe and the USA, ages 35–88 (51.1% women), completed an online survey that included questions on weightlifting injuries, chronic diseases, sport history and training practices. Ensembles of ML algorithms were used to identify factors associated with acute weightlifting injuries and performance of the prediction models was evaluated. In addition, a subgroup of variables selected by six experts were entered into a logistic regression model to estimate the likelihood of an injury.ResultsThe accuracy of ML models predicting injuries ranged from 0.727 to 0.876 for back, hips, knees and wrists, but were less accurate (0.644) for shoulder injuries. Male Master athletes had a higher prevalence of weightlifting injuries than female Master athletes, ranging from 12% to 42%. Chronic inflammation or osteoarthritis were common among both men and women. This was associated with an increase in acute injuries.ConclusionsTraining-specific variables, such as choices of training programmes or nutrition programmes, may aid in preventing acute injuries. ML models can identify potential risk factors or preventative measures for sport injuries.
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Soomro, Najeebullah, Daniel Redrup, Chris Evens, Luke Pieter Strasiotto, Shekhar Singh, David Lyle, Himalaya Singh, Rene E. D. Ferdinands, and Ross Sanders. "Injury rate and patterns of Sydney grade cricketers: a prospective study of injuries in 408 cricketers." Postgraduate Medical Journal 94, no. 1114 (July 26, 2018): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135861.
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BackgroundThe grade cricket competition, also known as premier cricket, supplies players to the state and national teams in Australia. The players involved are generally high-performing amateur (subelite) club cricketers. However, to date, there is no study on the injury epidemiology of Australian grade cricket.AimTo conduct injury surveillance across all teams playing Sydney Grade Cricket (SGC) competition during the 2015–2016 season.MethodsA cohort study was conducted to track injuries in 408 male cricketers in 20 teams playing SGC competition. Players were tracked through the MyCricket website’s scorebook every week. Cricket New South Wales physiotherapists were alerted if there were changes to the playing XI from the last game. If any changes were made due to injury, then an injury incident was registered.ResultsDuring the course of the season, a total of 86 injuries were registered from 65 players, resulting in a loss of 385 weeks of play. The overall injury incidence rate was 35.54 injuries/10 000 playing hours with an average weekly injury prevalence of 4.06%. Lower back injuries (20%) were the most common injuries followed by foot (14%), hand (13.75%), knee (7.5%) and calf (7.5%). Linear regression analysis showed that the likelihood of injury increased as the mean age of the teams increased (R=0.5, p<0.05).ConclusionThe injury rate in SGC is lower than that reported at elite level. However, the high rate of lower back injuries (20%) highlights an area of concern in this cohort. High workloads or inadequate physical conditioning may contribute to such injuries. This study sets the foundation for understanding injury epidemiology in grade cricket and examines the links between injury and performance, these results may assist coaches and administrators to develop and implement cricket-specific injury prevention programmes.
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Suryadi, Taufik, Kulsum Kulsum, Ari Putra Simatupang, Irhamni Rahmatillah, Putri Mentari, and Raisha Fathima. "Clinical Forensic Evidence in Gunshot Wounds through Anesthesia and Surgical Procedures: A Case Report." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. C (January 27, 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8382.
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BACKGROUND: Clinical forensic evidence of live victims with gunshot wounds can be supported by anesthesia and surgical procedures. Gunshot wounds are a complex and traumatic type of wound that are commonly found in forensic practice, most of which can cause death. Injuries to gunshot wounds are caused by the penetration of a projectile into the body that is ejected from the barrel of a gun due to the burning of gunpowder from the bullet. Using anesthetic procedures and thoracic surgery can help prove the victim's gunshot wound. Medical evidence in the form of bullet projectiles found on the victim's body can be used as legal evidence. So it can be said that anesthesia and thoracic surgery procedures can be one of the modalities of clinical forensic examination in proving the existence of a criminal event.
CASE REPORT: The method of this study was a case report. A 58-year-old male victim was shot in the left back. Forensic examination of the victim showed a gunshot wound to the left side of the back about the 11th thoracic vertebra, round or oval in shape, accompanied by seams of abrasions around the wound, no seams of tattoos, soot or fire were found and not accompanied by a gunshot wound. Based on the results of the radiographic examination of the posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs, two cylindrical radio-opaque images were found in the left hemithorax. During anesthesia and thoracic surgery, a foreign body was found in the left thoracic wall region, as well as lacerations in the left inferior lobe of the lung. Clinical forensic evidence in gunshot wounds has been successfully carried out using anesthesia and surgical procedures. The evidence was also reviewed from the radiological examination which proved the existence of bullet projectiles by virtual imaging.
CONCLUSION: Clinical forensic evidence of course continues to evolve in accordance with advances in medical technology. The better the proof method, the easier it is to find the desired evidence. Anesthesia and surgical procedures can be used as an alternative to forensic evidence in clinical cases.
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Zheng, Bo, Chuanan Shen, Jiachen Sun, Wenjing Guo, Yiduo Jin, and Yuezeng Niu. "Developing a Simple Burn Model in Rats of Different Ages." Journal of Burn Care & Research 40, no. 5 (April 29, 2019): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz072.
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Abstract This article describes a simple and safe model of partial and full thickness burn injury in rats of different ages, which will be essential in our future burn research to explore the age-related mechanism of wound repair and new therapies for burn injuries. A self-made metal column, which was heated in a boiling water bath, was applied for different time periods to the lower back of rats of different ages in burn creation. Wounds were observed visibly at different time points postburn. Biopsies were obtained and examined at 72-hour postburn to determine the depth of burns. The contact durations producing the desired depth of injury in the rat model under constant temperature and pressure were: 3 seconds (deep second degree) and 5 seconds (third degree) in 1-month-old rats; 3 seconds (superficial second degree), 5 seconds (deep second degree), and 7–9 seconds (third degree) in 2-month-old rats; 3–5 seconds (superficial second degree), 7–9 seconds (deep second degree), and 11–13 seconds (third degree) in 12- and 18-month-old rats. This reliable and reproducible experimental model produces consistent burn injuries in rats of different ages by regulating the contact durations, which will help us to understand the underlying pathophysiology of burn injuries and develop novel therapeutic modalities for burn patients of different ages.
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Ongko Setunggal Wibowo and Subhan Thaib. "CHARACTERISTICS OF CTEV PATIENTS AT ORTHOPEDIC AND TRAUMATOLOGY OUTPATIENT CLINIC IN DATU BERU GENERAL HOSPITAL TAKENGON CENTRAL ACEH PERIOD AUGUST 2018-JULY 2022." (JOINTS) Journal Orthopaedi and Traumatology Surabaya 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/joints.v11i2.2022.33-39.
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Background: In the past decade, the endoscopic technique has been applied as a feasible and less invasive approach to orthopedic surgeries. Minimally invasive, full-endoscopic surgery has gained considerable attention in managing air gun injuries to the spine. Sacrum injuries among air gun wounds are rare and few have been published in case reports. Here, we present the management of air gun-bullet injury to the pediatric spinal spine in a 5-year-old child using endoscopic surgical intervention.Case Report: A 5-year-old girl was accidentally shot in the lower back with an air gun. The CT scan imaging shown a retained projectile in the pedicle of S1 vertebrae without vascular injury or unstable vertebral fracture. A minimally invasive, full-endoscopic surgical technique was applied to remove the bullet in this patient. On post-surgical follow-up, the patient was in a good recovery state.Discussion: Surgical intervention is needed for decompression, stabilization, and diminished risks of lead toxicity. The percutaneous endoscopic approach is the least invasive intervention performed to ensure a targeted approach through the anatomical openings of the spine and through intervertebral discs and bone structures, thereby further reducing spinal instability, blood loss, and infection risk.Conclusion: The endoscopic operation of minimally invasive surgical techniques is an effective operative approach not only limited in spinal stenosis cases, but also in air gun injuries.
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Malik, Wildan, and Nugroho. "FULL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY OF BULLET REMOVAL OF THE SPINE: A CASE REPORT." (JOINTS) Journal Orthopaedi and Traumatology Surabaya 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/joints.v11i2.2022.56-60.
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Background: In the past decade, the endoscopic technique has been applied as a feasible and less invasive approach to orthopedic surgeries. Minimally invasive, full-endoscopic surgery has gained considerable attention in managing air gun injuries to the spine. Sacrum injuries among air gun wounds are rare and few have been published in case reports. Here, we present the management of air gun-bullet injury to the pediatric spinal spine in a 5-year-old child using endoscopic surgical intervention.Case Report: A 5-year-old girl was accidentally shot in the lower back with an air gun. The CT scan imaging shown a retained projectile in the pedicle of S1 vertebrae without vascular injury or unstable vertebral fracture. A minimally invasive, full-endoscopic surgical technique was applied to remove the bullet in this patient. On post-surgical follow-up, the patient was in a good recovery state.Discussion: Surgical intervention is needed for decompression, stabilization, and diminished risks of lead toxicity. The percutaneous endoscopic approach is the least invasive intervention performed to ensure a targeted approach through the anatomical openings of the spine and through intervertebral discs and bone structures, thereby further reducing spinal instability, blood loss, and infection risk.Conclusion: The endoscopic operation of minimally invasive surgical techniques is an effective operative approach not only limited in spinal stenosis cases, but also in air gun injuries.
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Capella, Sabrina de Oliveira, Mariana Teixeira Tillmann, Cristina Gevehr Fernandes, Márcio Fernando Weber Brito, Gabriela Morais Santana, Anelize de Oliveira Campelo Félix, and Márcia de Oliveira Nobre. "Methodological parameters to induction of second-degree thermal injuries in experimental model." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 11 (2018): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051113.
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Thermal injuries present a high severity potential, affecting adjacent organs with functional loss and even methabolic, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders that can lead the animal to death. Over time, companion animals started to share smaller spaces and living very close to humans, due to these changes cases of thermal burns have been increasing. Therefore, studies embracing this area are needed, considering the skin tissue and its attachments loss have repercussions in thequality of the wound healing. The complexity of this kind of skin injuries does not allow in vitro experiments to clarify its pathophysiology, being necessary to use experimental animals to replicate a thermal injury corectly, in the same way that we have a diversity of methodologies for inducing termal burns, and yet there is no such padronization for the development of a type of injury. In this scenario, the purpose of the study is to stablish methodological parameters for the induction of second-degree thermal lesions. Six Wistar rats were used, creating, with the help of cubic-tipped metallic device, two lesions on the back of each animal, one in the thoracic region and the other in the abdominal region. Different temperatures (90 oC and 100 oC) were applied in different times of contact with the skin (10 s, 15 s and 20 s), each animal received a temperature and time of exposure for both lesion sites. After three days the animals were euthanized, a photographic record was created and the injured skin sites were collected to evaluate the extent of the lesion by digital planimetry. Skin samples were processed and stained with hematoxicillin-eosin. It was observed that lesions in the abdominal region with higher temperature (100 oC) and longer exposure time (15 s and 20 s) showed an expansion in the diameter of the initial thermal lesion, whereas lesions of the thoracic region with lower temperature (90 oC) and time of exposure (10 s) showed a reduction related to the initial lesion size. Regarding the histopathological parameters, it was determined that wounds performed in the thoracic region and that remained longer in contact to high temperatures (90 oC and 100 oC) presented greater severity, whereas lesions located in the abdomen and with a shorter time of exposure to high temperatures were lower. Thus, it is concluded that to obtain standardized second-degree wounds it must be applied temperatures between 90 oC and 100 oC, for 15 s or 20 s, in the thoracic region.
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Chowdury, Misbah Ul Hoq, Ali Md Shariful Alam Rubel, Md Samir Uddin, Kanta Deb, and Chowdhury Rifat Jahan. "Injury Pattern in Fatal Cases of Stab Wound." Medicine Today 31, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v31i2.41955.
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Introduction: Stabbing is the most common method of homicide as like as other parts of the world. Precise examination of stab wound along with the type of other wounds considering their site, shape, number and orientation of the wounds in relation to each other etc. provide a number of clues which may be of paramount importance in reconstruction and interpretation of the whole events.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in Forensic Medicine Department of Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from July 2010 to June 2011 and in the year of July 2017 to June 2018 to observe different patterns of injuries in fatal cases of stab wound. 20 autopsies were included in this study using random sampling.
Results: Male(90%) are more victimized than female. The pattern of injury that found to be most common is the penetrating wound of the chest injuring either lung or heart. Second most common injury pattern is the penetrating wound of the chest or abdomen injuring eitherstomach or liver.Another pattern is widely scattered multiple stab wounds both on front and back of the body and the fourth pattern is stab wound of the lower limb causing division of a major blood vessel.
Conclusion: The stab wound is deeper than it is long or wide. This means depth is the greatest dimension in case of Stab wound and that is where the danger lies as it is evident in this study.
Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 76-79
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McHardy, A., H. Pollard, and K. Lou. "The epidemiology of golfrelated injuries in Australian amateur golfers - a multivariate analysis." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 1 (March 5, 2007): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2007/v19i1a270.
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Objective. To perform an epidemiological study in order to determine the golf-related injury locations, injury rates and possible risk factors for golf injury in amateur golfers across Australia. Method. A retrospective cross-sectional survey of Australian golf club members was used to collect data for the study. Chi-square testing was used to evaluate the association between golf injury and each possible risk factor at univariate level. All the possible risk factors were further examined in multivariate analysis using logistical regression. Results. There were 1 634 golfers included in the present study. Of these, 288 reported having had one or more golfrelated injuries in the previous year. The most common injury location was the lower back (25.3%), followed by the elbow (15.3%) and shoulder (9.4%). The most common injury mechanism was poor technique in execution of the golf swing (44.8%). Age, warm-up status, conditioning habits, wearing a golf glove/s and injury acquired in other sports / activities were significantly associated with risk of golf injury (p < 0.05). Equipment use such as type of golf club shaft used, type of shoes used and other factors studied were not statistically significant. Conclusion. The most injured sites identified in this study were the lower back, elbow and shoulder respectively. Risk of injury during golfing varied according to age group, warm-up status, conditioning habits, whether the player wore a golf glove/s, and whether the golfer had been injured in other activities. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (1) 2007: pp. 12-19
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Cangara, M. Husni, Indah Wulan Sari, Berti Julian Nelwan, Cahyono Kaelan, and Gunawan Arsyadi. "The relationship of tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and neutrophils with skin wound age caused by sharp trauma." Bali Medical Journal 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i1.3250.
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Background: Sharp force injuries are the second most common cause of trauma after blunt force injury. TNF- α is a cytokine that triggers the expression of adhesion molecules, other cytokines and chemokines by endothelial cells, stopped and migrated to damaged tissues or infections that trigger inflammation. Furthermore, the initial population of leukocytes leading to the wound comprises mostly neutrophils. This study aimed to assess the correlation between TNF-α levels in the blood and skin tissues and neutrophils number with the wound age of wounds caused by sharp trauma. Methods: This study is an experimental study using animal models. The samples were divided into the control group and the group in which the blood and the skin tissue samples were taken 1-, 3-, 12-, 24-, 48- and 72 hours after being sharp traumatized. The Elisa method examined the samples from the blood, and the skin of the right back of the mice was examined for TNF-α levels. Others from the left-back skin of the mice were microscopically examined to assess the number of neutrophils. Results: The TNF- α level from the skin samples were detected in wound tissue as the peak levels were in the 24 hours post-traumatic group. The TNF-α levels from blood samples indicated a significant difference in TNF-α levels in each group (p < 0.05). However, TNF-α levels from skin samples showed no significant difference between each group. From the microscopic examination, there was a significant difference in the infiltration of neutrophil cells in all groups (p<0,05). The neutrophils peak at 24 hours post-traumatic. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the TNF-α levels and the number of neutrophils with the wound age in wounds caused by sharp traumas.
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Morrissey, Dan. "The EU’S Struggles with Collective Action for Securities Fraud." Texas A&M Law Review 7, no. 1 (October 2019): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i1.3.
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Notwithstanding the apparent exit of the United Kingdom, the European Union (“EU”) has grown in membership and power since its modest beginnings after World War II, now rivaling the U.S. in economic strength. With the goal of promoting the security and prosperity of all the citizens of the countries that belong to it, the EU is pressing ahead to adopt laws that will promote their political and financial integration. Along those lines, it has also recently acknowledged a deficiency in the legal systems of its member states when it comes to allowing collective actions for victims of various types of economic harm. To address that, the EU is now developing guidelines for such procedures that can redress those injuries. In the area of securities fraud, establishing such measures has taken on more importance after both a spate of financial frauds by European companies and a significant decision from the United States Supreme Court, Morrison v. National Australia Bank. That ruling cut back on the jurisdiction of American courts to adjudicate these claims against foreign defendants—even when a significant amount of the wrongdoing has occurred in the U.S. This EU initiative to develop a collective jurisprudence to redress securities fraud also supports another goal that would foster European economic well-being. It would promote a shift in the financing of businesses there from debt to equity. That would particularly help small- and medium-size firms by giving confidence to investors in those enterprises that if they were cheated they would have an effective means to remedy that wrong. As it is now, such stock frauds can typically involve a large number of investors, many of whom have relatively small holdings. Individual actions in those situations are not only too expensive to maintain but are often inadequate to compensate all their victims and deter future misconduct. The availability of effective collective remedies would help Europeans overcome their reluctance to make equity investments and therefore provide more flexible capital structures to businesses. The European Commission10 (“Commission”) is therefore trying to fashion legal tools to address that problem. This involves enhancement of the EU’s mechanisms for stockholder litigation—what one commentator defines as “an umbrella term for various forms of suit and a range of claims brought by shareholders against the company in which they hold shares or against its directors and officers.” The EU’s proposals in that regard seek to encourage what it calls “collective actions,”—its analog to U.S. class actions—where many stockholders with small claims can join together and adjudicate them in one suit. Without such a corrective mechanism, the costs of litigation would be too great for those individuals, and they would not be able to counter the substantial resources that the defendants typically have. The EU’s proposals, however, lack features that have made American class actions so effective. The Commission is reluctant to embrace that model because of what it calls our “abusive practices.” Chief among them are contingent fees that compensate lawyers who represent shareholders harmed by these frauds. In addition, the Europeans appear determined to hold on to several rules that discourage lawyers from taking these cases. One is “loser pay,” which makes those who are unsuccessful in litigation liable for the legal fees of their counterparties who prevail. The potential of that heavy extra charge is a disincentive for lawyers who would take these cases. Another is that only plaintiffs who directly consent to be parties can be part of these actions (opt-in), as opposed to the more generous opt-out practice which includes all victims of the common fraud as plaintiffs unless they specifically choose not to participate. This Article will therefore offer comment on those deficiencies in the developing European model and encourage our friends across the Atlantic to take a more realistic approach to their reforms. The American experience with securities class actions certainly has its detractors and may have had some failings which have now been corrected. All and all, however, the U.S. approach has served our economy well by protecting investors, checking corporate wrongdoing, and affording compensation to defrauded investors. First, this Article will give a brief overview of the historic problems that European companies have had with an over-reliance on debt financing. It will then discuss how reforms like better redress for fraud can change that by giving equity investors a stronger belief that they will get a fair shake. The EU’s proposals are a step in the right direction to address that concern, and the Article will go on to describe the current state of their development. After that, it will use an American perspective to point out their shortcomings with the goal of highlighting the benefits of the U.S. model to European policymakers.
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Parmadi, Anom. "FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSICAL TEST OF LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT CREAM NONI (Morinda Citrifolia L) AS A WOUND HEALER." Jurnal Farmasi (Journal of Pharmacy) 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37013/jf.v1i1.59.
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Injuries are lost or damaged part of the body's tissues. Wounds are also defined as physical damage due to the opening or destruction of the skin which can cause abnormal skin function and anatomy. These plants widely used traditionally from fresh noni leaves used as a medicine for broken bones, cuts, burns and pain by boiling and drinking the juice. These studys to make use of more effective and efficient Noni leaf extract made in cream preparations as a wound medicine, so that people are easy to use. This study used an experimental research method, namely the cream formulation of noni concentrated ethanol extract of 5%, 10% and 15%. Cream preparation evaluation test included: Organoleptic, pH test, cream type test, homogeneity test, sticky power test, dispersion test and protection power test. The test method was carried out on mice by means of cream preparations applied to the back of mice which were given an incision wound. Its effectiveness is seen from the measurement of wound length for seven days to calculate the percentage of wound healing power. The results of the One Way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences between concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% with significant values <0.05. The percentage of healing power of noni leaf extract cream concentration of 5% = 7,69%, concentration of 10% = 17,26%, and concentration of 15% = 29,35%. The results showed that the ethanol extract of noni leaves can be made in cream dosage form and has the effectiveness to accelerate the healing of incision wounds in mice.
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Elfiah, Ulfa, and Wahyu Rachmadi Akbar. "Major Burns After Lightning Strikes at Field: Case Report." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v8i3.31074.
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Lightning injuries can cause multi-organ damage such as burns, ear damage, and nervous system damage. The type of Burns in this trauma consists of linear or flash burns, punctate burns, thermal injuries, Lichtenburg figures, and combination wounds which are generally superficial and heal faster. Lightning strikes also cause ear damage in the form of perforation of the tympanic membrane, bleeding, and micro fractures in the cochlea. The sequelae in lightning injury survivors consist of permanent brain injury, chronic pain syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, and blindness. This case is a man, 20 years old, working as a farmer, referred to the hospital because he was struck by lightning while working in the middle of the rice fields during heavy rain. There were complaints of pain, heat throughout the body, and decreased hearing in both ears in the anamnesis. Physical examination showed a general condition within normal limits. Local status examination found burns as large as 31.5% of the body area, with 2a degree burns (partial thickness) on the chest, back, upper and lower limbs. Examination of the outer and middle ear revealed no abnormalities. The principle of the treatment refers to the electric burns treatment with initial therapy in fluid resuscitation, evaluation of ECG, adequate analgesia, and wound care. The advanced phase of the treatment focuses on treating the burns and evaluating the hearing loss. Adequate care for nine days showed that the wound was epithelialized by 60% of the total wound area and without any other complaints. This case is essential to be studied considering that Indonesia's natural conditions allow for lightning strikes, especially during the rainy season, so lightning is a threat to farmers as a part of the agro-industrial community.
Keywords: Lightning injuries, burns, agroindustrial
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Soomro, Najeebullah, Daniel Hackett, Jonathan Freeston, Peter Blanch, Alex Kountouris, Joanna Dipnall, David Lyle, and Ross Sanders. "How do Australian coaches train fast bowlers? A survey on physical conditioning and workload management practices for training fast bowlers." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 5 (July 19, 2018): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118790128.
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Fast bowlers have the highest injury rates in cricket; therefore, reducing these injuries is a priority for coaches and the support staff. Improving physical conditioning and monitoring bowling workload are primary preventative strategies to reduce overuse injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate practices of cricket coaches in Australia on (1) strength and conditioning and (2) bowling workload management of junior and non-elite fast bowlers. A web-based survey was sent to 548 male Level Two cricket coaches registered with Cricket New South Wales, Australia. One hundred and seventy (31%) coaches responded to the survey. A majority (70%) of the coaches were working with cricketers under the age of 19 years. Only 39 (23%) engaged fast bowlers in resistance training exercises. Coaches under the age of 40 years were more likely to prescribe resistance training (χ2 = 5.77, df = 1, p = 0.016) than coaches over the age of 40. Lower back, abdominal and gluteal muscles were the most commonly targeted muscle groups. Sit-ups, core work and squats were the most common exercises prescribed. Most (92%) coaches were aware of current national fast bowling workload recommendations. However, only 18 (13%) coaches prescribed the currently recommended workloads. The results indicate that coaches training junior and sub-elite cricketers need more awareness on of the importance of engaging fast bowlers in resistance training and monitoring bowling workloads. Understanding current training practices of coaches can assist in the development of injury prevention programmes for junior fast bowlers and educational programmes for coaches.
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Ackermann, Bronwen, Tim Driscoll, and Dianna T. Kenny. "Musculoskeletal Pain and Injury in Professional Orchestral Musicians in Australia." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2012.4034.
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This paper reports on the major findings from the questionnaire component of a cross-sectional survey of the musicians in Australia’s eight fulltime professional symphonic and pit orchestras, focusing on performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). METHODS: All musician members of the orchestras participating in this project were invited to complete a self-report survey. The overall response rate was about 70% (n = 377). In addition to general health and experience questions, respondents who reported a current or previous PRMD were asked to report on a range of associated factors. RESULTS: Of the participants, 84% had experienced pain or injuries that had interfered either with playing their instrument or participating in normal orchestral rehearsals and performances. Fifty percent reported having such pain or injury at the time of the survey, mostly with disorders perceived by the musicians to be work-related. Twenty-eight percent had taken at least 1 day off from work for such pain in the previous 18 months. The most common broad sites affected were the trunk (primarily the back), the right upper limb and neck, the left upper limb and neck, and the neck alone, but the relative proportions varied by instrument. Of those musicians who reported at least one episode of pain or injury in the past, less than 50% reported that they had completely recovered. The most commonly cited performance-related factors that had contributed to injury or pain all related to training and playing load (including practice and performance). CONCLUSION: This study provides strong evidence that PRMDs are a common complaint in professional orchestral musicians and identifies a range of factors suggested as contributing to the occurrence or persistence of these disorders.
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Campbell, Harold, Rabia Nizamani, Samuel W. Jones, Bruce Cairns, and Felicia N. Williams. "625 Death Due to Fractal Wood Burning: An Emerging Public Health Problem." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.249.
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Abstract Introduction The art of pyrography, creating designs in wood with a thermal heat source, dates back to prehistory. Risks include cutaneous burns and airway injury. Fractal woodburning is a niche method of pyrography utilizing a high-voltage electrical source to burn branched designs – Lichtenberg patterns – into the surface of wood. While this technique has grown in popularity, the associated risks are not well described. Methods We describe a patient who presented to our burn center after sustaining high-voltage electrical burns from a homemade high-voltage device constructed for fractal woodburning. We also evaluated publicly reported cases of death or injury due to this technique. Results An otherwise healthy 17-year-old male was admitted to our burn center with injuries sustained while making fractal wood art. The patient improvised a high-voltage transformer from a discarded microwave, generating 2000 volts from household current. While using this device to burn Lichtenberg patterns in wood, he contacted the electrodes and sustained full-thickness electrical burns to the neck, chest, and bilateral upper extremities. Bilateral upper extremity fasciotomies were required on admission. Multiple subsequent operative procedures culminated with autografting to the majority of the wounds and ongoing complex reconstruction of the left thumb. In evaluating online news reports, we found 21 unique individuals with death or injury attributed to fractal woodburning. Four sustained substantial injuries, while 17 reportedly died. The first reported incident occurred in July 2016 and the most recent report was from July 2019. Ages ranged from 17 years old to the 60s. Eighteen individuals were younger than 50 years old. All of the mortalities and 3 of the 4 injuries occurred in males. Of the survivors, 3 sustained significant upper extremity injuries and 2 suffered cardiac arrest at the time of injury. The devices used in 4 incidents were microwave transformers and generated 2000 volts. Device characteristics were not identified in the remainder of cases. Conclusions Fractal woodburning is associated with devastating high-voltage electrical injuries and death. Prevention efforts should be focused on the potential risks of this art form. Applicability of Research to Practice News reports likely underestimate the actual incidence of injury and death due to fractal woodburning, however, even this limited data suggests an emerging public health problem requiring further study and public education.
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Sokol, V. K., and V. A. Kolesnichenko. "FACT OF IDENTIFYING A NON-LIFE-THREATENING PEDESTRIAN INJURY DURING A FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.4.151.
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The forensic aspects of low-energy pedestrian injury have not been adequately studied yet. The objective of the study presented is to analyze forensic criteria for identifying the mechanism of injury in low-energy fractures of the lower extremities. The study material included 347 acts of forensic medical examinations of victims with fractures of the lower extremities performed in the Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination for the period from February to June 2018. The selection of forensic medical evaluation reports was carried out at random. The methodology included retrospective analysis, descriptive statistics. The incidence of low-energy pedestrian injury was 0.9%. This type of road traffic injury was registered in people aged 78 – 88 as a result of an alleged collision with the back of a vehicle. The main difference between high- and low-energy fractures of the long bones of the lower extremities was the severity of concomitant injuries (given the fact that closed isolated fractures of the long bones of the lower extremities in our material were accompanied by injuries of the integumentary system (abrasions, bruises, etc.), those fractures were regarded as concomitant injury. In the first case, the action of kinetic energy of significant force led to the formation of multiple fractures of the upper (94; 27.1%) and lower (421; 121.3%) limbs, pelvic girdle (83; 23.9%); concomitant injuries were characterized by the presence of moderate brain concussion (54; 15.6%), non-penetrating blunt chest trauma (102; 29.4%) with rib fractures (48; 13.8%), non-penetrating blunt abdominal trauma (51; 14.7%); all the victims had bruised and lacerated wounds, multiple abrasions, subcutaneous hematomas of various localization. Low-energy trauma was characterized by the presence of isolated fractures of the proximal femur (n = 4) and tibia (n = 3) bones (Table 2). As a concomitant trauma, damage to the integumentary system was recorded in the form of abrasions and subcutaneous hematomas in the fractured area when falling from a height of one's own height (n = 3). In terms of the strength and speed of the impact of the traumatic force, the low-energy pedestrian injury was identical to the fall of the victim from his own height onto the lateral surface of the body with the formation of bodily injuries as closed fractures of the proximal femur. The cause and mechanism of these injuries have not been identified due to the late primary forensic medical evaluation, incomplete data in the medical records on the clinical signs of traumatic injuries to the skin of the victims during the initial examination, inconclusive results of forensic examinations of clothing and footwear, and uninformative data of a technical examination. During the forensic medical examination of a low-energy pedestrian injury, the identification of traumatic injuries of the skin on the side of the fall and on the contralateral side, the place of the first contact with the car, enables to establish the fact of collision and the duration of the damage.
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Bellot, Andrea Roxana. "Family Matters: Trauma and the Legacy of War in James Allen Moad II’s Outside Paducah: The Wars at Home." Journal of Contemporary Drama in English 9, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcde-2021-0022.
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Abstract Outside Paducah: The Wars at Home (2016), a play written and performed solo by James Allen Moad II, a former Air Force pilot, explores the enduring effects of war on American veterans and their families after soldiers return home from the battleground. The play moves beyond the individual representation of a traumatized veteran by addressing two intertwined issues: the collective and transgenerational burden of war, both in the form of physical wounds and/or moral injuries. Outside Paducah contributes to promoting the stage as a dynamic place to think about the war legacy and to question and challenge war itself by stressing the importance of understanding the cost of war on both personal and societal levels. The play shows that the scenes of war fought in foreign lands are brought back to the home territories and families, who become equally demoralised by the perpetuation of war in their homelands. The soldiers return as ghosts of their previous selves and haunt their families and friends from one generation to the next. Therefore, war remains an open wound at the core of the American nation. At the same time, the play sheds some light on the harsh realities of the underprivileged and how joining the military often seems to provide a way out of the world of poverty and lack of resources.
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Fearn, S., L. Schwarzkopf, and R. Shine. "Giant snakes in tropical forests: a field study of the Australian scrub python, Morelia kinghorni." Wildlife Research 32, no. 2 (2005): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04084.
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Studies on species that attain very large body sizes provide a powerful opportunity to clarify the ecological correlates and consequences of body size, but logistical obstacles mean that most ‘giant’ species have attracted little field-based research. The Australian scrub python, Morelia kinghorni (= M. amethistina in earlier literature), is the largest Australian snake. Our three-year field study in the Tully River Gorge of tropical north-eastern Australia provides the first detailed ecological data on this species. Snakes aggregate in the gorge during the dry season for reproductive activities (combat, courtship and mating), and these aggregations consist primarily of large adult males. Wet-season samples from a nearby road contained more females, and more juvenile animals. Body temperatures of diurnally active pythons averaged 25.2°C, and were highly correlated with air and substrate temperatures. Larger snakes were cooler than smaller conspecifics, perhaps reflecting their slower heating rates. Recapture of marked individuals suggests that pythons of both sexes and all body sizes maintain fixed home ranges, as the distance from initial capture did not increase through time; most animals were recaptured <100 m from their initial capture point, but some dispersed at least 1.5 km. Adult male pythons spanned a massive range in body sizes (1.3–3.76 m in snout–vent length, 0.30–11 kg in mass), and larger males were more likely to engage in combat, exhibit combat-related injuries (bite wounds) and obtain matings. Presumably reflecting the reproductive advantage of larger body size, males attained much larger maximum sizes than did females within our study population.
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Ruban, L., and V. Misyura. "Quality of life, vestibular discoordination and violation of the walking pattern of amateur athletes with long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(153) (August 30, 2022): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.8(153).17.
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Among the participants in the hostilities in the East of Ukraine, military personnel receive a brain contusion three times more often than other injuries. The main problem of closed craniocerebral injury is that complications appear after some time. The aim of the work was to investigate the consequences of traumatic brain injury accompanied by brain contusion in amateur athletes. All the tested athletes had the main neurological syndromes that limited their vital activity: vegetative disorders and discoordination of the vestibular genesis. Under observation were 12 men aged 25-42 years with long-term consequences of a closed craniocerebral injury in the late long-term period. The duration of the post-traumatic period is from six months. The cause of disability was wounds and contusions associated with military operations. In all patients, complications after TBI were a decrease in muscle strength in the lower extremities, impaired coordination and balance, and a walking pattern. According to the International Classification of Functioning, limitation of vital activity and health in subjects in the domain "Structure and functions of the body" was observed mono- or hemiparesis of the lower extremities. In the activity and participation domain, patients complained about being able to return to amateur sports. When assessing the quality of life on the VAS scale, a low level of quality of life was revealed. According to the Lovett manual muscle test, it was found that in the subjects in the late long-term period after injury, there is a decrease in muscle strength of both the anterior and posterior thigh and lower back muscle groups. The results of the Bohannon test showed an increased risk of falling due to imbalance. «Timed Up and Go» testing indicated a statistically significant decrease in vestibular coordination and gait pattern compared to the norm.
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Зиновьев, Евгений Владимирович, Андрей Александрович Попов, Денис Валерьевич Костяков, Марат Сергеевич Асадулаев, Илья Валерьевич Арцимович, and Олег Олегович Заворотний. "INFLUENCE OF A FREQUENCY-MODULATED ELECTRIC FIELD SIGNAL ON THE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF XYLAZINE IN FULL-THICKNESS SKIN WOUNDS ON THE BACKGROUND OF POLYTRAUMA." Russian Biomedical Research, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56871/9283.2022.51.17.004.
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В экспериментальном исследовании проведена оценка влияния частотно -модулированного сигнала электрического поля (ЧМСЭП) на анальгезирующую активность ксилазина. Механическую политравму у 40 беспородных крыс обоего пола воспроизводили при помещении лабораторных животных в специальный вращающийся барабан со скоростью 40 оборотов в минуту на 30 минут. После 20 минут вращения грызунам наносились полнослойные раны кожи около 5 % п.т. на спине с помощью скальпеля. Влияние воздействия частотно -модулированного сигнала электрического поля на анальгезирующую активность ксилазина осуществляли через 10 и 60 минут после его введения в дозе 20 мг/кг. Сравнение проводили с группой контроля - изолированное применение ксилазина в те же сроки у животных с аналогичными травмами. Установлено, что при совместном воздействии ксилазина и частотно -модулированного сигнала электрического поля отмечается повышение болевого порога спустя 10 и 60 минут, соответственно, на 40 % (p < 0,05) и в 2 раза (p < 0,01). Аналогичный анальгезирующий эффект был выявлен при введении минимальной дозы обезболивающего вещества - 5 мг/кг. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о высокой эффективности частотно -модулированного сигнала электрического поля как способа повышения анальгезирующей активности ксилазина как в среднетерапевтической, так и в минимальной дозировках. Результаты работы показывают необходимость дальнейшего изучения и возможности применения ЧМСЭП в повседневной клинической практике, в том числе в хирургии. In an experimental study, the effect of a frequency -modulated electric field signal (FMEFS) on the analgesic activity of xylazine was evaluated. Mechanical polytrauma in 40 outbred rats of both sexes was reproduced by placing laboratory animals in a special rotating drum at a speed of 40 rpm for 30 minutes. After 20 min minutes rotation rodents were inflicted with full -thickness skin wounds of about 5 % b.f. on the back with a scalpel. The effect of the effect of a frequency -modulated electric field signal on the analgesic activity of xylazine was carried out 10 and 60 minutes after its administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The comparison was carried out with the control group - the isolated use of xylazine at the same time in animals with similar injuries. It was found that with the combined effect of xylazine and a frequency -modulated signal of the electric floor, an increase in the pain threshold was noted after 10 and 60 minutes, respectively, by 40 % (p < 0.05) and 2 times (p < 0.01). A similar analgesic effect was found with the introduction of the minimum dose of the anesthetic substance - 5 mg/kg. The results obtained testify to the high efficiency of the frequency -modulated electric field signal, as a way to increase the analgesic activity of xylazine in medium therapeutic and minimal dosages. The results of the work show the need for further study and the possibility of using FMEFS in everyday clinical practice, incl. in surgery.