Relevant bibliographies by topics / Back plane testing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Back plane testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Back plane testing"

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Golinski, W. Z., and R. Gentle. "The influence of seat back rake on ligament loadings in rear-end impact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x6541.

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A biomechanical finite element (FE) model of the 50th percentile male human cervical spine, capable of predicting ligament loadings in whiplash scenarios, has been developed and previously reported. The study reported here analyses the influence of seat back rake on ligament injury in two scenarios: firstly, the in position, where the car occupant is looking forward and the head remains in the sagittal plane, and, secondly, the out of position, where the car occupant is initially looking slightly to one side. In both cases the results show an increase in ligament loading with a decrease of seat back rotational stiffness, substantiating the need for dynamic seat testing. Moreover, comparing individual ligament loading data shows that the initial head rotation scenario is more damaging to the cervical spine than the sagittal plane scenario, confirming a published hypothesis.
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Bagheri, Rasool, Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani, Mohammad R. Pourahmadi, Elham Jannati, Sayyed H. Fazeli, Rozita Hedayati, and Mahmood Akbari. "Trunk–Pelvis Kinematics Variability During Gait and Its Association With Trunk Muscle Endurance in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2019-0322.

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The first purpose was to investigate the trunk muscle endurance, the second aim was to evaluate the trunk–pelvis kinematics during gait, and the third was to evaluate the relationship between trunk–pelvis kinematics and the trunk muscle endurance. Thirty participants (15 nonspecific chronic low back pain [NCLBP] and 15 healthy) were included. The authors first assessed trunk muscle endurance on endurance testing protocols. The authors next measured the trunk–pelvis kinematics during gait using a 3-dimensional motion capture system. Angular displacement, waveform pattern (CVp), and offset variability (CVo) were also examined. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in (1) the trunk muscle endurance and (2) sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes CVp between groups (P < .05). A significant moderate correlation was found between supine double straight-leg raise and frontal CVp (r = .521, P = .03) and transverse planes CVp (r = .442, P = .05). However, a significant moderate correlation was observed between prone double straight-leg raise and sagittal plane CVp (r = .528, P = .03) and transverse plane CVp (r = .678, P = .001). The relationship between (1) lower trunk extensor endurance with transverse and sagittal planes CVp and (2) lower abdominal muscle endurance with transverse and frontal planes CVp suggests that gait variability in these planes may result because of trunk muscle deconditioning accompanying NCLBP.
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Ferguson, Sue A., William S. Marras, and Robert R. Crowell. "Three-Dimensional Functional Capacity of Normals and Low Back Pain Patients." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 14 (October 1996): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001404.

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Most current functional capacity evaluations focus on sagittal range of motion, strength testing as well as simulation of daily activities and job tasks as measures of wellness. The goal of this study was to evaluate the dynamic functional motion capacity of normals and low back pain patients in the three cardinal planes of the body. The hypothesis was that injury would not only affect sagittal motion but also lateral and twisting motions that would load the spine in a different manner. Trunk motion parameters of range of motion (ROM), velocity and acceleration were measured in all three planes of the body as subjects performed three separate experimental tasks, eliciting motion in each plane of the body. The MANOVA results showed a significant difference between the patients and normals. The final discriminant function model predicting membership for the two groups contained ROM, velocity, and acceleration parameters with two measures from each experimental task. The cross-validation error rate for the model was 4%. These results provide insight into new methods for functional capacity evaluation of low back pain patients which may influence return to work decisions.
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Fahr, Payam, Murat Yazici, and Arun Shukla. "Shock response of filled corrugated sandwich structures under extreme temperatures." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 20, no. 1 (June 2, 2016): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636216650987.

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Shock tube experiments were performed to investigate the blast response of corrugated steel cellular core sandwich panels filled with a silicone based syntactic foam at room and high temperatures. The syntactic foam filler was prepared by mixing a two-part silicone mixture with glass microspheres; its microstructure, and mechanical properties were also characterized. The syntactic foam-filled sandwich panels were loaded via air shock pressure by using the shock tube with a fixture capable of testing materials at temperatures up to 900℃. High-speed photo-optical methods, digital image correlation techniques, were used in tandem with optical band-pass filters and high intensity light sources for providing sufficient contrast at elevated temperatures. Back-face deformation images were captured using two synchronized high-speed cameras while a third camera captured the side view deformation images. The shock pressure profiles and digital image correlation analysis were used to obtain the impulse imparted to the specimen, transient deflection, in-plane strain and out-of-plane velocity of the back-face sheet. It was observed that using the syntactic foam as a filler material decreased the front face and back face deflections by 42% and 27%, respectively, as compared to the empty sandwich panel. At high temperatures, the silicone-based syntactic foam decomposes into silica, a stable and non-hazardous byproduct. The highest impulse was imparted to the specimen at room temperature and subsequently lower impulses with increasing temperatures were observed. Due to the increased ductility of steel at high temperatures, the specimens demonstrated an increase in back face deflection, in-plane strain and out-of-plane velocity with increased temperatures, with weld failure being the primary form of core damage.
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Chen, Wen Chin, Pen Hsi Liou, and Bo Jui Chen. "Optimization Design for the Longitudinal Structure of LED Light Guide Plate Using Soft Computing." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2994–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2994.

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The study proposes an optical optimal design system of light guide plate (LGP). The optimization design is conducted in the longitudinal structure of the LGP incidence plane with 3-piece LED light source. Taguchi method is also used in carrying out the design of experiment through the TracePro, optical analysis software, and the experiment data were employedd as the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) training and testing samples, and then created an optical quality predictor of the longitudinal structure; BPNN can predict the impact of incidence plane luminance versus the different constructed parameters. Finally, the optical quality predictor can effectively generate the optimal parameters settings combined with genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results show that the proposed system improves the non-uniformity problem of the incidence plane but also makes it easier to design the longitudinal structure of the incidence plane.
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Sugeta, Atsushi, and Yoshihiko Uematsu. "In-Situ Atomic Force Microscopy and Crystallo Graphic Orientation Analysis of Small Fatigue Crack Deflection Behavior." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.227.

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Successive observation of transgranular small fatigue crack growth behavior of alpha-brass was performed by means of an atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with small in-plane bending fatigue testing machine. The fatigue crack deflection behavior, which was observed frequently in the low growth rate region, was investigated by the crystallographic orientation analysis based on the Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique. The slip factor considering the slip system and singular stress field at the crack tip was introduced in order to evaluate the easiness of slip deformation instead of Schmid factor. The direction of crack deflection was found to be explained well by the slip factor and the geometric relative location between the preferential slip plane and crack front.
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Giongo, Ivan, Dmytro Dizhur, Roberto Tomasi, and Jason M. Ingham. "In-Plane Assessment of Existing Timber Diaphragms in URM Buildings via Quasi-Static and Dynamic In Situ Tests." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.495.

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Mechanical and dynamic in-plane properties of timber diaphragms are known to be key parameters when determining both the local and global seismic response of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. However, few data pertaining to experimental campaigns on this issue are available in the literature, especially regarding existing floors. In this work, the outcomes of a field testing campaign on full-scale old timber diaphragms are presented. Two specimens, whose size was 5.6 x 9.6 m2 and 4.7 x 9.6 m2 were obtained from a 17 x 9.6 m2 floor and were subjected to a series of both cyclic and snap back tests in the direction orthogonal to the joists. Since the original anchoring system was deficient, new epoxy-grouted anchors were installed before starting the testing procedure. So as to reproduce the inertial load distribution, an ad hoc loading system was developed by means of wire ropes and steel pulleys. After testing the diaphragms in the as-built condition, the effect of different refurbishment techniques was also investigated. From the results, it seems that even simple and cost-effective solutions such as the re-nailing of the flooring are sufficient to achieve a significant increase in the equivalent shear stiffness.
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Korakakis, Vasileios, Kieran O’Sullivan, Argyro Kotsifaki, Yiannis Sotiralis, and Giannis Giakas. "Lumbo-pelvic proprioception in sitting is impaired in subgroups of low back pain–But the clinical utility of the differences is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): e0250673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250673.

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Background Altered spinal postures and altered motor control observed among people with non-specific low back pain have been associated with abnormal processing of sensory inputs. Evidence indicates that patients with non-specific low back pain have impaired lumbo-pelvic proprioceptive acuity compared to asymptomatic individuals. Objective To systematically review seated lumbo-pelvic proprioception among people with non-specific low back pain. Methods Five electronic databases were searched to identify studies comparing lumbo-pelvic proprioception using active repositioning accuracy in sitting posture in individuals with and without non-specific low back pain. Study quality was assessed by using a modified Downs and Black’s checklist. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted tool for cross-sectional design and case–control studies. We performed meta-analysis using a random effects model. Meta-analyses included subgroup analyses according to disability level, directional subgrouping pattern, and availability of vision during testing. We rated the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results 16 studies met the eligibility criteria. Pooled meta-analyses were possible for absolute error, variable error, and constant error, measured in sagittal and transverse planes. There is very low and low certainty evidence of greater absolute and variable repositioning error in seated tasks among non-specific low back pain patients overall compared to asymptomatic individuals (sagittal plane). Subgroup analyses indicate moderate certainty evidence of greater absolute and variable error in seated tasks among directional subgroups of adults with non-specific low back pain, along with weaker evidence (low-very low certainty) of greater constant error. Discussion Lumbo-pelvic proprioception is impaired among people with non-specific low back pain. However, the low certainty of evidence, the small magnitude of error observed and the calculated “noise” of proprioception measures, suggest that any observed differences in lumbo-pelvic proprioception may be of limited clinical utility. PROSPERO-ID CRD42018107671
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Sugeta, Atsushi, Yoshihiko Uematsu, and M. Jono. "A Study on the Mechanism of Small Fatigue Crack Deflection Behavior in Alpha-Brass by Means of In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy and Crystallo-Graphic Orientation Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1225.

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Successive observation of transgranular small fatigue crack growth behavior of alpha-brass was performed by means of an atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with small in-plane bending fatigue testing machine. In the low growth rate region after crack initiation, the fatigue crack grew in a zig-zag manner as a result of successive crack branching and deflection. The fatigue crack deflection behavior was investigated by the crystallographic orientation analysis based on the Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique. The slip factor considering the slip system and singular stress field at the crack tip was introduced in order to evaluate the easiness of slip deformation instead of Schmid factor. The direction of crack deflection was found to be explained well by the slip factor and the geometric relative location between the preferential slip plane and crack front.
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Fu, Jian, Jun Wei Zhang, and Ren Bo Tan. "A Straight-Line Trajectory Tomography Method Based on Multiple Tilted X-Ray Cone-Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.238.

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A straight-line trajectory tomography method, based on multiple tilted X-ray cone-beams formed by multiple sources and detectors, is investigated. In this method, multiple cone-beams are fixed and tilted at different positions and only the object translates along a straight-line trajectory. This kind of imaging method may have potential applications in industry testing and security inspections. As is known, projection data from a straight-line trajectory based on single cone-beam are incomplete and their reconstruction suffers from a limited-angle problem. The proposed straight-line trajectory tomography method based on multiple tilted X-ray cone-beams can be used to compensate these deficiencies. To reconstruct images, the filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction algorithm for the middle plane is first derived from the Fourier slice theorem. It is then extended to non-middle planes with the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) approximation. Numerical simulations validate our method.
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Books on the topic "Back plane testing"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., ed. Natural laminar flow flight experiments on a swept wing business jet: Boundary layer stability analyses. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Back plane testing"

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Dunbar, Sherry A., and Yi-Wei Tang. "Diagnostic Tests and Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Springer Actuarial, 191–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_10.

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AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought a huge impact on global health and the economy. Early and accurate diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is essential for clinical intervention and pandemic control. This book chapter addresses the evolving approach to the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 covering preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical steps. The rapidly changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic serve as an example which will be important for laboratories to plan for future pandemics. With the quick identification of the causative pathogen and availability of the genome sequence, it will be possible to develop and implement diagnostic tests within weeks of an outbreak. Laboratories will need to be flexible to continuously adapt to changing testing needs and burdens on the healthcare system, plan mitigation strategies for bottlenecks in testing and workflow due to limitations on resources and supplies, and prepare back-up plans now in order to be better prepared for future pandemics.
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Pedro Duarte, Neves, Morais Luís Silva, and Feteira Lúcio Tomé. "Part V Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process and Pillar 2 Capital, 19 Stress-testing in Banking in the EU: Critical Issues and New Prospects." In Capital and Liquidity Requirements for European Banks. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198867319.003.0019.

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This chapter examines financial stress-testing, most notably microprudential bank stress-testing in the EU. It begins by differentiating between micro and macroprudential stress tests. Microprudential stress-testing takes place at the level of individual financial institutions (micro perspective) serving as a risk management tool used both by individual banks (to gauge risk exposures for internal purposes) and supervisors (to assess the resilience of banking institutions to adverse market developments). Meanwhile, macroprudential stress tests are a tool designed to assess the system-wide resilience to shocks to support the design and calibration of macroprudential policy with the objective to identify and reduce systemic risk. Therefore, the focus is on the system-wide resilience and not on individual resilience, with the possible application for defining the size of counter-cyclical buffers. The chapter then addresses the topic of EU-wide stress tests from three perspectives, namely (i) its implementation and the methodologies used from 2009 onwards; (ii) the outcomes of such stress-testing exercises; and (iii) a comparative analysis of EU-wide stress tests with its US and UK counterparts, also including the sensitivity scenarios developed to assess the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Higgett, Nick, and Jenny Wilkinson. "Digital building heritage." In Heritage as Community Research, 85–106. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345299.003.0005.

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This chapter explores the complexities of working on jointly funded digital cultural heritage projects and the challenges and benefits of partnership collaborations. In the Digital Building Heritage project, researchers at De Montfort University worked with community partners in order to bring history back to life through the use of digital technologies in 3D computer animation, 3D printing, 3D modelling, and mobile geo-location. An evaluation of the researchers' experience of co-production and collaborative working highlights the importance of setting clear, feasible objectives and outcomes according to the resources available, including plans for user testing, maintaining regular communication, consideration of proposed digital product usage, and promotion. The chapter then considers the way in which this type of practice-based research can lead to academic outcomes suitable for audit programmes like the UK's Research Excellence Framework.
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Blanco, María del Pilar, and Joanna Page. "Introduction." In Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America, 1–22. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0001.

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The transnational transfers of ideas, technologies, materials, and people that have shaped the history of science in Latin America are marked, as in any region, by asymmetries of power. These are often replicated or even magnified in the narratives we have forged about that history. The journeys to Latin America of some of Europe’s most famous naturalists (Humboldt and Darwin, for example) are often depicted as the heroic overcoming by European science of savage local terrains and ways of life. Those epic explorers are recast, in other narratives, as the forerunners of (neo)colonial exploitation in the history of the ransacking of Latin America’s mineral riches to pay for European imperial ventures, repeated in the often-illegal plundering of the region’s dinosaur fossils to swell museum collections in Europe and North America. In such accounts, Latin America becomes the arena for European adventures, the testing ground for new scientific theories, or the passive victim of colonial profiteering, but rarely a place of innovation. It is certainly the case that over the centuries the flow of natural resources, data, and expertise from Latin America to more developed regions has generally been to the benefit of those regions and has not reduced an imbalance of power that dates back to the colonial period.
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Johnsen, Stig O. "Safety and Security in SCADA Systems Must be Improved through Resilience Based Risk Management." In Securing Critical Infrastructures and Critical Control Systems, 286–300. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2659-1.ch012.

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This chapter describes vulnerabilities related to safety and security in distributed process control systems integrated with information and communication technology (ICT). The author describe key vulnerabilities and how to mitigate these vulnerabilities by current best practices, which have worked in an industrial setting in Norway. Distributed process control systems are denoted as SCADA systems, i.e. supervisory control and data acquisition systems. Increased networking and increased use of ICT impacts the complexity and vulnerability of the SCADA systems. To improve safety and security, there must be a focus on systematic knowledge generation between ICT and process experts and a focus on exploring resilience as a strategy to manage risks and support continuity of operations (resilience seen as the ability to bounce back and sustain operations). Best practices in risk management in this area are to establish policies, improve risk awareness, perform risk assessment in collaboration between ICT and SCADA professionals, focus on segregation of networks, focus on active protection against malicious software, improve reporting and sharing of incidents, and establish and explore disaster/recovery plans. In addition, there should be focus on certification and testing of components in ICT and SCADA systems and improvement of resilience to mitigate uncertainty and complexity.
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Koliński, Rafał, and Xenia Kolińska. "From the cradle to the grave." In Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 256–71. Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/wa.2021.14.978-83-946591-9-6.

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From the cradle to the grave, we are accompanied by the concepts of mortality and immortal- ity. We experience the first as humans but ascribe, unknown to us, the state of eternal being to the gods. In various models of the universe, death may mean the end of everything, a new beginning, or a state of waiting to join the ranks of the Immortals. In Mesopotamia, death means Perduring; souls of the dead were confined to Underworld, where they lasted in dark - ness, suffering thirst and hunger. At the beginning of the 2 nd millennium BC in Mesopotamia the attitude towards the dead is changing significantly. Cult of ancestors and repeated offerings to dead were meant to improve their condition, and, in turn, secure their support to the living. The GP26 chamber tomb discovered at the Tell Arbid site in northeastern Syria in 2009 by archaeologists of the Institute of Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University, is a perfect illustration of these changes. The underground chamber tomb built next to the house became the resting place of three generations of its inhabitants, judging from the fact that at least 15 people were buried there successively. Prestigious grave gifts testify to the wealth of the family, and the finds of sacrificial vessels and animal bones illustrate ceremonies performed during the funeral. The tomb was ritually closed by burying the dog in the shaft leading to its chamber. The tomb was avoided being robbed in antiquity, thanks to which archaeologists from the Adam Mickiewicz University could study it and shed light on the beliefs and splendor of the inhabitants of northern Mesopotamia dating back almost 4,000 years
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Allchin, Douglas. "Skepticism and the Architecture of Trust." In Sacred Bovines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490362.003.0021.

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Consider the controversy, not long ago, over prostate cancer screening. A presidential task force scaled back recommended testing. But many doctors, citing important cases where screening detected cancer early, disagreed. Whose judgment should we trust? In New England, fish populations are threatened, according to experts. They suggest discontinuing cod fishing. But the fishermen report no decrease in their catches and defend their livelihood. Whose expertise should prevail: the scientists with their sampling and its inherent uncertainties, or the fishermen with their intimate local knowledge? There is a lot of alarm about global warming. But maybe it’s all “hot air.” Many political leaders cite scientific experts who say that the problem is overblown, and just politicized by biased environmental activists. Whose pronouncements should we heed? As illustrated in these cases, interpreting science in policy and personal decision-making poses important challenges. But being able to gather all the relevant evidence, gauge whether it is complete, and evaluate its quality is well beyond the average consumer of science. Inevitably, we all rely on scientific experts. The primary problem is not assessing the evidence, but knowing who to trust (essay 13). In standard lore, science educators are responsible for nurturing a sense of skepticism. We want to empower students to guard themselves against health scams, pseudoscientific nonsense, and unjustified reassurances about environmental or worker safety. But one may want to challenge this sacred bovine. Skepticism tends to erode belief. Blind doubt itself does not yield reliable knowledge. The aim, rather, as exemplified in the cases above, is to know where to place our trust. The problem of knowing who to trust is not new. In the late 1600s, Robert Boyle reflected on how to structure a scientific community, the emerging Royal Society of England. Investigators would need to share their findings. But reporting added a new layer between observations and knowledge. While ideally everyone might reproduce everyone else’s experiments, such redundancy wasted time and resources. Scientific knowledge would grow only if you could trust what others said. But what warranted such trust? Reliable testimony became a new problem.
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"jars, to the effect that they were willing to hand over for questioning about the assault some slaves whose names they wrote down. And now I think that much of their speech will be on this subject. But in my opinion what you should bear in mind is that, if the purpose of their challenge was for the torture to take place and they had confidence in the justice of this point, they would not have issued the challenge when the decision was on the point of being made, at night, when they had no excuse left; [28] but at the start before the suit was lodged, when I was in bed ill, not knowing whether I would survive, and was telling all my visitors the identity of the man who struck me first and carried out most of the outrage inflicted on me, that was the time when he would have come at once to my house with many witnesses, that was the time when he would have offered to hand over the servants and invited members of the Areopagos along. For if I had died, they were the ones who would have tried the case. [29] If he was ignorant of all this, and if (as he claims now) though he had a valid argument to offer in this he made no preparations when facing a danger of this magnitude, at least when I was back on my feet and had summoned him, he would have shown himself willing to hand over the slaves at the first meeting before the arbitrator. He has done none of this. To prove that I am telling the truth and that the challenge was issued to cause delay, read out this deposition. This will make it clear. Deposition [30] Now on the subject of the challenge you should remember this, the time when he made the challenge, his evasive purpose in doing this, and the initial periods during which he has shown no desire to have this argument to support him, nor issued a challenge nor made any demand. So when all the facts were proved before the arbitrator as is happening now, and it was clearly demonstrated that he was guilty of the charges, [31] he entered a lying testimony and named as witnesses people whom I think you too will not fail to recognize, if you hear them: ‘Diotimos son of Diotimos of Ikaria, Archebiades son of Demoteles of Halai, Chairetios son of Chairimenes of Pithe, testify that they were coming away from dinner with Konon and came upon Ariston and Konon’s son fighting in the agora, and Konon did not strike Ariston.’ [32] As if you would immediately trust them and would not work out the truth, that to start with neither Lysistratos nor Paseas nor Nikeratos nor Diodoros, who have explicitly attested that they saw me being beaten by Konon and stripped." In Trials from Classical Athens, 99. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203130476-24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Back plane testing"

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Fantone, Stephen D. "A Nodal-MTF Bench For Evaluation of Optical Systems." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1987.thbb6.

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Nodal benches1–4 have long been used to characterize optical system performance. The chief feature of a nodal bench is the nodal bearing which rotates the lens over its nodal point for off-axis evaluation. When this is done, there is no displacement of the image in the paraxial image plane. Any image displacement noted as the lens is rotated over its rear nodal point is a direct measurement of distortion. Parameters such as * Equivalent, Back, and Flange Focal Lengths, * Blur Spot Size, * Field Curvature, * Distortion, * Lateral Color, * Aerial Image Resolution, and * Spherical Aberration can be directly measured on a nodal bench. Visual examination of an image is many times the most effective way to judge optical quality and to diagnose lens defects.
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Creath, Katherine, and James C. Wyant. "Testing cylindrical surfaces using a grating reference." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.wi3.

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Optical components with cylindrical surfaces are hard to test in most interferometers because a cylindrical reference wave-front needs to be produced. A grating which produces a high-quality cylindrical wave-front in the first diffracted order has been used to test cylindrical surfaces in a phase-measuring Fizeau interferometer. The test arm of the interferometer contains the grating and the test surface. A plane reference wave-front is produced by a transmission flat. The test surface is placed so that its center of curvature is at the center of curvature of the reference cylindrical wavefront. The test beam is reflected back by the test surface to the grating which then diffracts the test beam back into the interferometer. This paper describes this technique, and shows results of testing cylindrical surfaces using this technique.
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Rosete-Aguilar, M., and R. Diaz-Uribe. "Spherical surface testing by laser deflectometry." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.ft7.

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We present a method to test spherical reflecting surfaces by measuring the deflection of a reflected laser beam from the surface when it is rotated about its center of curvature. A general equation is derived to calculate in polar coordinates the radius as a function of the linear deflection of the beam at the back focal plane of a lens used to collect the reflected light. To evaluate the departures of the surface from the ideal spherical form we also consider the effect of decentering. We present the experimental setup and some results.
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de Groot, Peter. "Metrology of transparent flats." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1994.owa1.

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When a transparent flat plate with parallel surfaces is illuminated with laser-based interferometer, the resulting interference pattern is a complex mixture of fringes created by reflections from both the front and back surfaces of the plate.1,2 Figure 1 is an example of an interferogram for an optical wedge with perfectly flat surfaces. In order to do meaningful metrology on such an object, the common practice is to either thinly coat the front surface with a high reflectivity material, or defeat the back-surface reflection by applying some kind of index-matching coating. It would be desirable to dispense with these kinds of surface treatments for regular inspection and testing, particularly for process control in a production environment.
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Sigg, K. C., and R. D. Coffield. "Qualification of a Method to Calculate the Irrecoverable Pressure Loss in High Reynolds Number Piping Systems." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45611.

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High Reynolds number test data has recently been reported for both single and multiple piping elbow design configurations at earlier ASME Fluid Engineering Division Conferences. The data of these studies ranged up to a Reynolds number of 42 × 106 which is significantly greater than that used to establish design correlations before the data was available. Many of the accepted design correlations, based on the lower Reynolds number data, date back as much as fifty years. The new data shows that these earlier correlations are extremely conservative for high Reynolds number applications. Based on the recent high Reynolds number information a new recommended method has been developed for calculating irrecoverable pressure losses in piping systems for design considerations such as establishing pump sizing requirements. This paper describes the recommended design approach and additional testing that has been performed as part of the qualification of the method. This qualification testing determined the irrecoverable pressure loss of a piping configuration that would typify a limiting piping section in a complicated piping network, i.e., multiple, tightly coupled, out-of-plane elbows in series under high Reynolds number flow conditions. The overall pressure loss measurements were then compared to predictions, which used the new methodology to assure that conservative estimates for the pressure loss (of the type used for pump sizing) were obtained. The recommended design methodology, the qualification testing and the comparison between the predictions and the test data are presented. A major conclusion of this study is that the recommended method for calculating irrecoverable pressure loss in piping systems is conservative yet significantly lower than predicted by early design correlations that were based on the extrapolation of low Reynolds number test data.
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Liang, Yuanqing, Sizhong Zhou, and Bo Jiang. "Theory of circular plate for mirrors on back-point support." In 7th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT 2014), edited by Wenhan Jiang, Myung K. Cho, and Fan Wu. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2067980.

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Talebi, Cihan, Bülent Acar, and Gökhan O. Özgen. "Manufacturing Error Detection in Plate and Cylindrical Composite Structures." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23602.

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Abstract Due to their superior weight to strength ratio of composites to common metallic structures, composite technology is widely used in aerospace industry. Assessment of damage in composites has gained interest after a large number of accidents caused by unanticipated damages in the composite structures. Many different structural health monitoring applications were developed over the years due to the fact that composite materials may inherit damage from within, not always visible from surface. The most common types of errors encountered in the industry are due to misaligned fibers, a mix-up in ply order, and delaminations: all presenting changes in the vibro-acoustical performance of the composite structure. This paper discusses the change in the dynamic properties of a composite structure contains a manufacturing error such as a ply lay-up error, and a ply angle error. Both plate and cylindrical structure types were considered for the stated error types. Effect of symmetric errors, unsymmetrical and unbalanced errors, and mid-plane errors were considered in the case of ply orientations, and dynamic stiffness matrix was used to identify the error. Identification of the structure’s layup properties and manufacturing error identification is employed. From the measured modal properties of the structure, a back-tracking strategy was used to generate the ply lay-up of the composite structure. Prepreg plates of a single carbon fiber system and filament wound hybrid cylinders consisting of glass and carbon fibers were manufactured for testing. Modal tests on plates and cylindrical composite structures were performed and compared with the analysis. A good match between the finite element model and experiment was shown in natural frequencies and mode shapes.
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Brown, Michael, and Tim Johnson. "How far back? Testing plate tectonics as the null hypothesis." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.4770.

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Shieh, Jay, Yen-Nan Lin, and Yi-Chung Shu. "Strain Actuation Behavior of Barium Titanate Single Crystal Loaded Electromechanically in Non-Variant [110] Direction." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8034.

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Strain hysteresis evolution of a (001)-oriented 5 × 5 × 2 mm3 cuboidal barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystal during a combined electromechanical loading sequence in the non-variant [110] direction is investigated. The goal is to compare the strain behaviors of the BaTiO3 single crystal subjected to loading in the variant [001] and non-variant [110] directions. The simultaneous application of compressive stress and electric field in the [110] direction was achieved by machining the square cuboid crystal into a hexagonal prism and applying the loads parallel to the hexagonal side faces of the prism (i.e., perpendicular to the [001] and 45° to the [100] and [010] directions). The room temperature strain hystereses show that the maximum total electro strains produced from loading and measuring in the [110] and [001] directions (denoted as ε[110],max,RT and ε[001],max,RT, respectively, where the last term of the subscript describes the testing temperature) are 0.20% at 3.0 MPa and 0.45% at 2.7 MPa, respectively. The ratio between ε[110],max,RT and ε[001],max,RT is 0.44, which is in good agreement with the ratio, predicated by the analytical calculations. Factors which may influence the strain behavior, such as the bias stress level, depolarization field and switching coercivities, are examined by repeating the loading experiment at 55 °C. The strain hystereses measured at 55 °C show that ε[110],max,55 is 0.19% at 11.9 MPa — this maximum [110] strain is similar to the one obtained at room temperature, but is only achieved with a much larger bias stress. When the out-of-plane depolarization field and the in-plane switching coercivities are reduced at 55 °C, more domains are randomized in the in-plane variant directions during electric field unloading by the depolarization fields. Therefore, a much larger bias stress is required at 55 °C to switch a sufficient number of domains to the out-of-plane variant directions at small electric fields, which can then be switched back to the in-plane variant directions at high electric fields, producing strain in the [110] direction. The strain hysteresis study has revealed that the combined effect of the depolarization field and switching coercivity is a critical factor governing the strain behavior of the BaTiO3 single crystal.
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Yeung, Ryan, Muhammad Sarfraz, Kenzo Repole, Sheldon Jeter, Abdulelah Alswaiyd, Shaker Alaqel, Abdelrahman El-Leathy, and Hany Al-Ansary. "Preliminary Design Development, Laboratory Testing, and Optimization of a 6.6 MW-Thermal All-Refractory Particle Heating Receiver." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-62902.

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Abstract Heat receiver design is an essential portion of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants, particularly within CSP systems that are particle based. Particle based CSP promises higher operating temperatures and more cost-effective thermal energy storage than existing systems. Two general types of Particle Heat Receivers (PHR) are under development, variations of the free-falling curtain concept being developed by Sandia National Labs and an obstructed flow concept being developed by King Saud University (KSU) and Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT)[1, 2]. The obstructed flow design utilizes specifically engineered obstacles placed in the flow path of the particles to remove momentum and kinetic energy and promote lateral and depth-wise mixing. This design is named the discrete structure or DS-PHR. This paper focuses on development and design work that has been done with the existing DS-PHR developed by GIT and KSU. Previous iterations of the DS-PHR have utilized obstruction materials that include simple metal meshes, and ceramic formed into an inverted V-shapes or chevrons. However, these previous designs have some shortfalls. The metallic mesh design has structural integrity issues under intense radiation, inherent in a DS-PHR. The ceramic chevrons have a disadvantageously thick leading edge, which may intercept too much radiation and overheat. Current development has continued with improvements to remedy the issues of the previous design work. Experience, modeling, and testing have shown that a cavity receiver is preferred to reduce heat and particle loss in the system. Recent work has been devoted to developing a Discrete Structure Refractory Particle Heat Receiver (DS-RPHR) suitable for cavity installation working with a north-located field. The simplest suitable configuration is 5 flat ceramic plates, or absorber panels, arranged in an arc, forming a 15° angle of inclination, to improve particle retention in the system. To increase particle residence time, quartz rods are placed onto the back plane of the DS-PHR, in a hexagonal configuration. These serve as the momentum scrubbing obstructions as mentioned above. The performance of this design will be discussed in the following paper. This design has been extensively modeled using NREL’s Soltrace to evaluate thermal and optical performance. Modeling has shown high thermal efficiency in the design, as well as promising heat flux profiles across the receiver. Currently at KSU, a 300 kW-thermal testing facility has been constructed and used for high temperature testing. The final proposed 6.6 MW-thermal design, called the pre-commercial demonstration, will be built at a site owned and operated by Saudi Electric Company, in Waad Al-Shamal, 20 kilometers east of Tuarif, Saudi Arabi.
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Reports on the topic "Back plane testing"

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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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Government Savings Bank of N.S.W. - Head Office 48-50 Martin Place - Construction - diamond drill testing pier holes - 17 July 1924 (plate 511). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-015658.

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