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Cheung, Kin. "Low-back injuries in Alberta Home care nurses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21259.pdf.
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Hill, Brian W. "The patient's perspective of occupational lower back injuries." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3636565.
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Workers' compensation programs have emerged as among the largest and most important social programs in the United States. Workers' compensation claims in the state of Michigan account for an expenditure of approximately 1.3 billion dollars annually (Michigan Workers' Compensation Agency, 2011. 2011 Annual Report). Back injuries are the most prevalent work-related injury in the United States. Since 2002, such injuries in the baby-boomer generation have increased at a rate of 50% (Toossi, 2005. Labor force projections to 2014: Retiring boomers). The purpose of this study is to describe the personal lived experiences of older (over 55 years old) injured employees as a result of injuring their lower backs at work. The study only examined occupational lower back injuries suffered while assembling automotive parts in the state of Michigan. The study incorporates a qualitative design, specifically an interpretative phenomenological analysis, to focus on the lived experiences of the participants, and underpins the theory of planned behavior to assist with forecasting and understanding the particular behaviors within this population. A four-step data analysis method was used to illustrate and understand the meaning and essence of the lived experience of the injured, older automobile assembler worker.
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Bunyan, Laura M. "An assessment of equipment service employees of back injuries at company XYZ." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999bunyanl.pdf.
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Lindly, Jamie M. "Analysis and modeling of back injuries aboard U.S. Navy Vessels." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA369554.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999."September 1999". Thesis advisor(s): John K. Schmidt, Samuel E. Buttrey. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Also available online.
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Engkvist, Inga-Lill. "Accidents leading to over-exertion back injuries among nursing personnel /." Solna : National Institute for Working Life (Arbetslivsinstitutet), 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-7045-534-1/.
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Millson, Helen. "Bone stress injuries in the lower back of cricket fast bowlers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3020.
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Mullins, Monica. "The effectiveness of the backroom conversion process on reducing back injuries related to manual material handling." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000mullinsm.pdf.
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Taylor, Tiffany Alexandra 1985. "Common Dance Injuries and Treatments of the Hip and Low Back: Interviews with Physical Therapists Specializing in Dance." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10695.
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x, 56 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Through a review of literature and interviews with physical therapists specializing in dance, hip and low back injuries common to dancers are described and options for treatment are discussed. Injuries include internal and external snapping hip, non-specific hip and low back pain, IT band problems, labral tears, hip impingement, and spondylolisthesis. Depending on the site and severity of the injuries, common treatments range from surgical to conservative (e.g. - manual therapy, exercise, Functional Electronic Stimulation, iontophoresis). It is reported that most dancer injuries result from overuse and are related to poor technique. All three PTs interviewed also note that injuries are often a result of choreographic demands on the dancer and recommend breathing techniques and neuromuscular re-patterning for rehabilitation.
Committee in Charge: Steven J. Chatfield, Ph.D., Chair; Brad T. Gamer; Jane T. Baas
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Leenen, David Alexander. "The prevalence of back injuries amongst figure skaters in relation to their functional movement." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12143.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThe high incidence of back injuries amongst competitive figure skaters is reason for concern. Little is known regarding on or off ice factors contributing to these types of injuries. Insight into the causes is essential for recommending changes to prevent back injuries, to make skaters more productive with their training and improve their skating. The uniqueness of figure skating requires an in-depth look at all aspects of their training in order to understand what might be causing these injuries to occur. The goal of this study was to evaluate members of the Skating Club of Boston (SCOB) training community for the on and off ice training patterns and movements and compare those skaters with repeated injuries to those who are uninjured. In this study, 34 competitive figure skaters were enrolled, and divided into categories of skaters with significant back injury history (BIH) and skaters with no back injury history (NBIH) and stratified by gender. All skaters completed an injury history questionnaire, an off-ice muscle strength and flexibility assessment, an off-ice analysis of a squat movement and an analysis of on-ice jump technique. [TRUNCATED]
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Schneiders, Anthony G., and n/a. "The influence of a back-support harness on the three dimensional kinematics and electromyography of the trunk in sheep shearers : implications for injury prevention." University of Otago. School of Physiotherapy, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060803.160831.
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The occupation of sheep-shearing is classified as heavy to very-heavy physical work requiring a high level of energy expenditure while performing a repetitive task in a predominantly sustained trunk flexion posture. The task is further complicated by unpredictable animal behaviour. Shearing is considered to carry a high risk of injury particularly to the lumbar spine and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in shearers is high relative to other occupations. The emergence of a commercial shearing-aid (Warrie Back-Aid TM) that is purported to decrease loading on the spine, reduce injury rate and alleviate symptoms of spinal origin has been welcomed by many sectors of the wool-harvesting industry. However, the precise biomechanical influence of the Warrie Back-Aid TM (WBA) on the sheep-shearing task has not been quantified.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the WBA on three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography of the trunk for 12 experienced shearers during the occupational task of sheep-shearing.
Sheep-shearing is a highly patterned process comprised of specific interlinked phases. Nine distinct phases of the shearing-task where the harness was worn during the removal of the sheep�s fleece were investigated. The study used an opto-electronic motion analysis system and rigid body dynamic modelling. The shearer�s trunk and pelvis were considered as a series of three coupled rigid segments; pelvis, lumbar, and thorax with four passive retro-reflective markers defining each segment. The kinematic variables of angular displacement, velocity and acceleration at the thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-pelvic joint centres were calculated for each shearer while shearing with and without the WBA. An eight channel sEMG telemetry system was used to simultaneous record activity in four pairs of trunk muscles. Temporal analysis of the sEMG signal gave information on the duration and relative intensity of trunk muscle activity.
The results demonstrated that the task of sheep-shearing required endurance-based muscle activity and the adoption of quasi-static posturing combined with complex asymmetrical trunk motion for extensive periods of the task time. There was considerable variability in the trunk motion of individual shearers despite the pattern-taught and repeatable nature of the shearing task. The introduction of the WBA had no effect on the time taken to shear or trunk kinematics however it resulted in reductions in muscular activity of the trunk extensors. When the complete shearing task was analysed there was a statistically significant reduction in mean intensity of muscle activity for the left multifidus (p = 0.010), right multifidus (p = 0.001), right iliocostalis (p = 0.004) and right longissimus (p = 0.002) when the WBA was used. A reduction in muscular activity of the trunk extensors during the sheep-shearing task may result in a decrease in spinal loading, energy expenditure and muscular fatigue.
The clinical recommendation based on the biomechanical results of this and other studies is that the WBA should be incorporated into the practice of sheep-shearing to assist in the reduction of inherent risks associated with the shearing task. Prospective studies into the effect of the harness on LBP are required to endorse this recommendation.
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Holm, Lena. "Epidemiological aspects on pain in whiplash-associated disorders /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-083-1/.
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Lee, Suzanne E. "An investigation of team lifting using psychophysical methods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42550.
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Lifting is one of the major causes of back injury in the workplace. Often, workers are told to ask for the help of another worker when the load is too great to be lifted alone, yet the effects of these team lifts have not been researched until recently. This experiment investigated some of the variables which may affect the results of team lifting tasks. The psychophysical methodology has been used for almost 30 years in trying to determine the maximum acceptable weight of lift for industrial workers. Though two previous studies of team lifting used the psychophysical approach, no effort was made to identify and control variables which may affect team tasks. This experiment manipulated two variables, box type (double or single) and isolation condition (curtains open or closed) to see whether these would produce the psychosocial effects of social loafing and social facilitation. Three male and three female two-person teams performed team lifts, using psychophysical methodology, under all four conditions.
The only significant effect found was for gender. Female teams lifted 58.8% of the mass the male teams lifted. Male teams lifted 92.5% and female teams 87.8% of the sum of their individual lifts. This is in close agreement with other studies of team lifting. A regression model was developed in order to predict the amount of weight a team can lift, with an R2 of 0.962. The external validity of the task conditions was also investigated.Master of Science
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Riley, Diane K. "Does an individualized back education programme change nurses' knowledge and practice about back injury prevention." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1993. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1148.
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Back injury has predominantly been a problem which has affected a large cross-section of nursing staff involved with direct patient care. While back injury prevention has been instituted in hospitals for sometime, the percentage of nurses with back injury remains high. Within a major teaching hospital, a ward in which nurses suffered a high rate of back injuries was identified. Through an action research approach the researcher (who worked in the same area as the participants) developed and implemented an individualized back injury prevention programme. The 4 criteria by which the study was measured included, a reduction of back injuries, worth of the programme, behavioural change and cognitive knowledge acquisition. The participants who were involved in the study demonstrated that individual back education has a positive effect upon reducing the injury rate of nurses' back injuries. The study also describes the importance of maintaining good communication skills and co-operation with the people involved or whose behaviour is being changed. Social Learning Theory was the framework from which the design and implementation of teaching was derived.
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Aurslanian, Dina B. "Asymmetric lifting using a weight belt." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865931.
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The purpose of this study was to use EMG data of the erector spinae muscles synchronized with three-dimensional video techniques to determine the body's responses to asymmetric lifting under weight belt conditions. The subjects performed static maximum voluntary exertions and dynamic lifts from 0° and 45° from the midline of the body. Three weight belt conditions were used. EMG data revealed significant differences in EMG variables with belt conditions. Weight belt use decreased burst area, peak voltage, and maximum frequency. Kinematic data indicated a significant difference in the left knee and left and right elbow range of motion when the type of lift, symmetric or asymmetric, was considered. Lifting technique also produced a significant effect on the maximum and minimum velocity of the center of mass. The results of the study indicate that weight belt use is an effective means of reducing spinal compression and thus may be helpful in preventing low back injury.School of Physical Education
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Eliasson, Kerstin. "Urinary leakage and physical activity in young women /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-530-5/.
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Studnek, Jonathan R. "Evaluation of Back Problems among Emergency Medical Services Professionals." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1225909761.
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Williams, Mark H. "Analysis of risk factors in the design and construction of perishable food product displays contributing to back injuries for Company X." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998williamsma.pdf.
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Carboni, Marina. "Evaluation of ballistic materials for back protection under low velocity impact." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430104-131552.
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Engstrom, Craig. "Lesions of the pars interarticularis in the lumbar spine of cricket fast bowlers /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18516.pdf.
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Bendall, William Bryson. "Retrospective Analysis of Injuries Sustained In Vehicle Front‐ and Back‐Overs in a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623628.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Motor vehicle accidents involving pedestrians are some of the most common and lethal forms of injury for children in the United States. Among younger children, a common mechanism of action for severe trauma is when a vehicle runs over the child in a forward or backward motion at low speed resulting in a blunt crush injury. This typically occurs in non‐traffic settings including driveways, sidewalks, and roadways. Such incidents have been referred to in many different ways in the literature but for the purposes of this paper will be referred to as low speed vehicle run‐overs. This is a retrospective chart review carried out at Phoenix Children’s Hospital in affiliation with the University of Arizona College of Medicine‐Phoenix that categorizes and examines the injuries sustained by patients involved in low speed vehicle runovers occurring between December 2007 and August 2013. Fifty‐five pediatric patients were included with a median age of 24 months and 6 of these patients were fatally injured. Internal injuries were common overall and significantly more common in children ≤24months. Over half of the cohort sustained fractures, with a 24% incidence of skull fractures. All fatalities were the result of traumatic brain injury. Twenty percent of victims required operative intervention. It was concluded that the severity of these types of incidents varies from minimal to life threatening and best care requires close and thorough evaluation by the trauma and emergency department teams.
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Saayman, Merike. "Low back pain and front foot hip joint kinematics in Western Province first league fast bowlers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6811.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aim: The aim of the study was to improve understanding of the hip joint kinematics in cricket fast bowlers and to ascertain whether a relationship exists between hip joint biomechanical parameters, including kinematics, ROM characteristics and lumbar symptoms. Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants: Sixteen adult male fast bowlers between the ages of 18 and 40 years old, playing first-club league, were featured in the study. Main outcome measures: To obtain data with regards to the training history, as well as the nature of lumbar-spine symptoms experienced by the cricket fast bowlers, a newly designed questionnaire was compiled. For analysis of the front foot hip joint ROM and kinematics, the biomechanical equipment used included: a two-dimensional Canon MV950 Digital Video Camcorder, a Kodak EasyShare C310 camera and XSENS Motion Tracking equipment (Xsens Technologies B. V., Enschede, Netherlands). Results: Eight of the sixteen bowlers in our study experienced LBP in the season with seven of these bowlers presenting with recent symptoms most of which are experienced after bowling a spell and described as “tightness” or a “stabbing pain” in the lower back. Intensity of LBP ranged between 1/10 to 8/10. Front foot hip joint kinematics of fast bowlers showed highly individualised patterns of movement between different subjects. Medium amplitude movements in the flexion/extension as well as the rotation plane of movement showed a significant difference in bowlers with- and without LBP. No significant differences between groups with LBP and without LBP were found in the three passive hip ROM measurements. Conclusions: It has proved to be very difficult to improve the understanding of the front foot hip biomechanics in cricket fast bowlers due to the high inter-subject variability. Variability in movement patterns remains under-researched by sports biomechanics. Although decreased hip mobility could alter mechanical forces transmitted to the lumbar spine and therefore predispose or be a causative factor in LBP development, this study found no significant relation between these parameters. The sample size was very small in this study which will influence the validity of results. Our study confirmed the high incidence of LBP and preventative efforts for bowlers should therefore be strongly supported.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwit: Die doelwit van die studie was om die heupgewrig kinematika van krieket snelboulers beter te verstaan en om vas te stel of daar ‘n verwantskap bestaan tussen heupgewrig biomeganiese parameters, insluitende kinematika, omvang van beweging karakter en lumbale simptome. Studie ontwerp: ‘n Deursneë beskrywende studie is onderneem. Deelnemers: Sestien volwasse manlike snelboulers tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 40 jaar oud wat eerste liga speel maak deel uit van die studie. Hoof uitkoms maatreëls: ‘n Nuut ontwerpte vraelys is opgestel om data aangaande oefen geskiedenis sowel as aard van lumbale simptome wat deur krieket snelboulers ervaar word in te samel. Die biomeganiese apparaat wat gebruik is vir die analiese van die voorvoet heup omvang van beweging, sowel as die kinematika, sluit in: ‘n twee dimensionele Canon MV950 Digitale Video Camcorder, ‘n Kodak EasyShare C310 kamera en XSENS beweging volgende apparaat (Xsens Technologies B. V., Enschede, Netherlands). Resultate: Agt van die sestien boulers in ons studie het lae rug pyn in die seisoen ervaar. Sewe van die boulers het gepresenteer met onlangse simptome waarvan die meeste na ‘n bouler se boulbeurt ervaar is en beskryf was as ‘n “styfheid” of “steekpyn” in die lae rug. Die intensiteit van die lae rug pyn het gewissel tussen 1/10 en 8/10. Voorvoet heup kinematika van snelboulers het hoogs individualistiese patrone van beweging getoon tussen verskillende deelnemers. Medium amplitude bewegings in die fleksie/ekstensie sowel as die rotasie plein van beweging het ‘n beduidende verskil tussen boulers met- en sonder lae rug pyn getoon. Geen beduidende verskille tussen die groep met- en sonder rugpyn is gevind met die drie passiewe heup omvang van beweging meetings nie. Gevolgtrekkings: Dit blyk baie moelik te wees om die voorvoet heup biomeganika in krieket snelboulers beter te verstaan a.g.v. die hoë inter-deelnemer veranderlikheid. Veranderlikheid in bewegings patrone is nog nie genoeg nagevors deur sport biomeganici nie. Alhoewel ingekorte heup mobiliteit meganiese kragte wat deur die lumbale werwelkolom gaan kan wysig, en sodoende die ontwikkeling van lae rug pyn kan predisponeer of ‘n oorsakende faktor kan wees, het hierdie studie nie ‘n beduidende verwantskap tussen die parameters gevind nie. Die steekproef groote was baie klein en dit sal die geldigheid van die resultate beïnvloed. Ons studie het die hoë insidensie van lae rug pyn bevestig en pogings tot voorkomende maatreëls moet daarom ten sterkste ondersteun word.
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Kotowski, Susan E. "A survey of ergonomic injuries in youth working on farms and an evaluation of several potential interventions." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212091342.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Kermit G. Davis. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: ergonomics; agriculture; biomechanics; farming; youth; equipment; low back. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dell, Geoff University of Ballarat. "The causes and prevention of airline baggage handler back injuries : safe designs required where behaviour and administrative solutions have had limited effect." University of Ballarat, 2007. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12823.
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"Back injuries have consistently been the most common types of injuries suffered by people at work. They have been a significant worker injury problem in most, if not all, industrialised countries for many years and manual handling has long been established as a significant task related back injury causal factor.[...] This research project established that the manufacturers of the jet airlines used by the airlines in this study had not previously been acquainted with the issue of baggage handler back injuries.[...] This study also canvassed the opinion of airline safety professionals and airline baggage handlers concerning baggage handling tasks and working environment related causal factors. [...] A major focus of this research project was also to measure the effect of ACE and Sliding Carpet, two commercially available retro-fit baggage systems, on the risk of back injuries to baggage handlers stacking baggage within Boeing B737 narrow-body aircraft."Doctor of Philosophy
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Dell, Geoff. "The causes and prevention of airline baggage handler back injuries : safe designs required where behaviour and administrative solutions have had limited effect." University of Ballarat, 2007. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14622.
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"Back injuries have consistently been the most common types of injuries suffered by people at work. They have been a significant worker injury problem in most, if not all, industrialised countries for many years and manual handling has long been established as a significant task related back injury causal factor.[...] This research project established that the manufacturers of the jet airlines used by the airlines in this study had not previously been acquainted with the issue of baggage handler back injuries.[...] This study also canvassed the opinion of airline safety professionals and airline baggage handlers concerning baggage handling tasks and working environment related causal factors. [...] A major focus of this research project was also to measure the effect of ACE and Sliding Carpet, two commercially available retro-fit baggage systems, on the risk of back injuries to baggage handlers stacking baggage within Boeing B737 narrow-body aircraft."Doctor of Philosophy
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Berglund, Anita. "On associations between different factors and whiplash injury : epidemiological studies on risk of initial and future complaints /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-121-7/.
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Andersson, Evelina. "The 2-dimensional biomechanical modeling of the loads on the spine (L5-L1) during a “Back Walkover” maneuver in gymnastics." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Bio- och miljösystemforskning (BLESS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27203.
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Injuries in the female gymnast are common and it is important to understand the biomechanical factors responsible for injury. The Back Walkover maneuver requires one of the greatest amounts of lumbar hyperextension compared to other common gymnastic maneuvers. During the Back Walkover large lateral and vertical impact forces follows on the spine. The spine and muscles around the spine have to absorb generally large forces; therefore the loads on the back and certainly on the lower back are of significant interest. Additionally, it takes a lot of strength and a vast range of motion to perform gymnastic maneuvers such as The Back Walkover. It is of interest to study mechanical loads on a female gymnast since they show higher occurrences of stress-related pathologies of the lumbar spine. Therefore the purpose of this project was to examine the loads on the spine during the gymnastic maneuver Back Walkover. Tests on a single female gymnast were made at the sports engineering lab at the University of Adelaide in Australia. Using the 3D-camera system; Optitrack Motion Capture System and Kistler Force Plate, positional data for two dimensions, X-direction (anterior-posterior) and Z-direction (vertical), and ground force were received. Data received were progressed into a graph, diagrams and biomechanical calculations where forces for the vertebrae L1 were calculated in vertical and horizontal direction. The received forces were compared to vertical and horizontal forces in L1 during standing position. Together with developed videos this assisted to model the loads of the spine (L1) during the gymnastic maneuver the “Back Walkover”. The study has led to a deeper knowledge for the community about the risks for female gymnasts and has widened the experience of the project participant, as the project aimed.
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Calado, Vanessa Tome Gonçalves. "Desempenho de indivíduos acometidos por traumatismo cranioencefálico no teste n-back auditivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-03012014-150743/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O termo memória operacional (MO) refere-se a um constructo cognitivo capaz de armazenar e manter a informação acessível para uso determinado por um tempo limitado, possibilitando a manipulação de diversas informações simultâneas e sequenciais como operações matemáticas longas ou complexas, compreensão de palavras pouco frequentes, extensas ou frases complexas. A linguagem está entre as funções cognitivas que dependem do funcionamento da memória operacional e pode estar comprometida em várias condições patológicas, dentre elas o traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). Dados da literatura referentes a essa população ainda são restritos ou pouco consistentes. OBJETIVOS: investigar se o teste n-back é uma medida válida para identificar o déficit de memória em pacientes com TCE, estabelecer nota de corte e curva ROC do teste n-back, comparar o desempenho entre os indivíduos saudáveis e aqueles que sofreram TCE, comparar o teste n-back com os testes de linguagem e aspectos da lesão neurológica, tais como gravidade e tempo, tempo de coma e localização hemisférica da lesão nos resultados para verificar o desempenho e a relevância na separação dos casos em pacientes e controles.MÉTODOS: 53 indivíduos brasileiros (26 adultos com TCE e 30 adultos saudáveis) foram avaliados por bateria de estímulos verbais auditivos para verificar diferenças inter-grupos na capacidade de processamento da memória operacional, quanto ao numero de respostas corretas (acurácia), capacidade máxima de processamento na memória operacional (span) e também verificar a relação da memória operacional com habilidades linguísticas, através da comparação de testes. RESULTADOS: na comparação entre os pacientes e os indivíduos do grupo controle observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos tanto para os testes de base quanto para os resultados do n-back. Os grupos foram estatisticamente pareados em relação às variáveis sócio-demográficas (idade, escolaridade e gênero). O modelo estatístico com as variáveis do teste n-back demonstrou ótima separação dos casos em pacientes/ controle com a área sob a curva ROC de 89%. O modelo também mostrou convergência com os testes de linguagem para compreensão auditiva de sentenças, fluência verbal e aspectos discursivos-pragmáticos e com o nível cognitivo. O lado da lesão foi estatisticamente significante para o n-back, fluência verbal e discurso conversacional. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que o n-back na maneira como foi desenhado é capaz de diferenciar os indivíduos alterados e os normais na habilidade de memória operacional. No estudo foi possível discriminar o comportamento de indivíduos com lesão encefálica adquirida e indivíduos saudáveis quanto à medida de acurácia e capacidade máxima de manipulação da informação na memória operacional. Esse comportamento reflete o funcionamento linguístico e cognitivo que se correlaciona com o mecanismo de memória operacionalINTRODUCTION: The term working memory (WM) refers to a construct cognitive capability of storing and keeping information on line to a determined use for a limited time, enabling the manipulation of diverse simultaneous and sequential information such as long or complex mathematical operations, comprehension of less frequent words, extensive or complex sentences. The language is among the cognitive functions which depends on the operational memory behavior and may be engaged in many pathological conditions, among them the TBI (traumatic brain injury). Literature dada relative to such population are still restrict or weak. AIM: investigate whether the n -back task is a valid measure for identifying memory deficits in patients with TBI; establish cutoff and ROC curve of n-back task; to compare performance between normals individuals and those who have suffered TBI; to compare n-back task with tests of language and aspects of neurological injury, such as severity, coma and hemispheric laterality of the lesion to verify the performance and relevance in the separation of cases. METHODOS: 53 individuals Brazilians (26 adults with TBI and 30 healthy adults) were assessed by a battery of auditory verbal stimuli for detecting differences between groups in the processing capacity of working memory, as the accuracy and span also check the relationship of working memory to language skills, through the comparison tests. RESULTS: in the comparison between patients and control subjects was observed statistically significant differences between groups thus to the tests as the basis tests as to results of the n -back. The groups were statistically matched in relation to socio-demographic variables (age, education and gender). The statistical model with variables of the n -back test showed good separation of cases where patients / control with the area under the ROC curve of 89 % . The model also showed convergence with language tests for auditory comprehension of sentences, verbal fluency and pragmatic - discursive aspects and the cognitive level. The side of the lesion was statistically significant for the n -back, verbal fluency and conversational discourse. CONCLUSION: the results demonstrated that the n-back on the way it was designed is able to distinguish the changed individuals and the normal on the working memory ability. On the study it was possible to discriminate the behaviors of individuals with acquired brain injury and healthy individuals regarding the accuracy and maximum capacity of manipulating information on the working memory. Such behavior reflects the linguistic and cognitive function which correlates with the working memory mechanism
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Drake, Roy Vernon. "Health Attribution, Client Motivation, and Problem Imagery in the Rehabilitation Applicant: A Study of Rehabilitation Outcome." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331098/.
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One hundred persons applying for services with the Texas Rehabilitation Commission with reported disabilities of alcohol/substance abuse or back injury/pain were selected for study. Subjects were assigned to two groups (alcohol or back) according to their reported disability. They were tested within one week of application and after 60 days were checked to see what rehabilitation status they were in to determine success or failure. Alcohol clients were administered the Health Attribution Test (HAT), 16PF, and an Alcohol Imagery questionnaire developed for this study. Back clients were administered the HAT, 16PF, and Pain Drawings. Statistical procedures including Pearson correlation, stepwise discriminant analysis, and discriminant analysis were performed. The HAT Internal Factor showed a significant relationship to rehabilitation success or failure and the 16PF motivation indices approached significance. The discriminant analysis demonstrated that success or failure could be predicted at a significant level using these measures. Issues of practicality in using these instruments (particularly imagery measures) in a rehabilitation counseling practice were noted.
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Cappelli, Tara Marie. "Two- and Three-Plane Job Risk Classification Using Motion Capture: An Examination of the Marras et al. Model, 1993." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11112005-144302/.
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Lower Back Disorders account for 16-19% of work related claims and 33-41% of dollars paid in workers? compensation (as cited in Marras, 1999), with impacts to society approaching $100 billion dollars annually (as cited in Marras et al., 1999). Dr. William Marras engineered a device to track trunk kinematics in order to develop a Job Risk Classification Model for predicting high-risk group probability of lower back injury. The device has been validated, but other technologies such as 3-D motion capture can potentially gather the same data. This study examined the use of motion capture to apply two- and three-plane lifting tasks to the Marras model and compare results with commonly used assessment techniques. Regardless of the fact that the Marras model results were drastically different from NIOSH and RULA, motion capture was able to gather all necessary data for running the models and has a promising future in ergonomic assessments.
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Guez, Michel. "Chronic neck pain : An epidemiological, psychological and SPECT study with emphasis on whiplash-associated disorders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Division of Orthopedics, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-666.
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Saggu, Rajinder Kaur. "Effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96971.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design. Ethics approval was obtained for the study and the participant provided informed written consent. The participant was assessed over three four week phases as she performed her habitual computer work. The outcome measures assessed during the three phases were the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort. The three phases were named the baseline, intervention and wash-out phases. During the baseline phase, the outcome measures were obtained at the participant‟s habitual work station. The intervention phase involved a vertical adjustment of the chair and computer screen height. The wash-out phase allowed the participant to adjust the chair and computer screen height to their choice. A follow-up interview was conducted with the participant three months after completion of the study. The mean values and the ranges of the pain intensity and perceived comfort were obtained and compared. The data collected was captured on a Microsoft Excel 2010 spread sheet, where after the data was tabulated and presented graphically. Results: The mean pain intensity of the participant increased slightly during the intervention phase in comparison to the baseline phase, but remained stable during the wash-out phase. The mean perceived sitting comfort deteriorated initially during the intervention phase, but improved later during the intervention phase and showed greater improvement during the wash out phase. The perceived sitting comfort showed more improvement than the pain intensity during the washout phase. Both the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort showed improvement at the three months follow up assessment, post completion of the study. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and the VDT did not improve the participant‟s pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort when compared to the participant‟s habitual workstation parameters. The findings do not favour the horizontal viewing angle. The findings of this study however support the use of „slightly below horizontal‟ viewing angle as being conducive to reduce the pain intensity and improve the sitting comfort of an office worker.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelstelling: Om die effek te bepaal van die hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm op die nek en bo-rug muskuloskeletale simptome van 'n kantoorwerker. Metodes: „n N=1 studie was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van die ABC ontwerp. Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vir die studie en die deelnemer het ingeligte skriftelike toestemming verleen. Die deelnemer was ge-evalueer oor drie vier week-lange fases terwyl sy haar gewone rekenaarwerk verrig het. Die uitkomsmetings ge-evalueer tydens die drie fases was pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak. Die drie fases was genoem die basislyn, intervensie en uitwas fases. Gedurende die basislyn fase was die uitkomsmetings by die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie ingevorder. Die intervensie fase het 'n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm behels. Die uitwas fase het die deelnemer toegelaat om haar stoel en rekenaarskerm se hoogte aan te pas volgens haar keuse. 'n Opvolg onderhoud was gevoer met die deelnemer drie maande na die voltooiing van die studie. Die resultate was vasgelê op 'n Microsoft Excel 2010 data bladsy, waarna die data getabuleer en grafies uitgebeeld is. Resultate: Die gemiddelde pyn intensiteit van die deelnermer het effens toegeneem tydens die intervensie fase in vergelyking met die basislyn fase, maar het stabiel gebly tydens die uitwas fase. Die gemiddelde waargenome sitgemak het aanvanklik verswak tydens die intervensie fase, maar het later verbeter tydens die intervensie fase en het aangehou verbeter tydens die uitwas fase. Die waargenome sitgemak het groter verbetering getoon as die pyn intensiteit tydens die uitwas fase. Beide pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak het verbetering getoon by die drie maande opvolg evaluasie, na voltooiing van die studie. Gevolgtrekking. Die vertikale hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm het nie die deelnemer se pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak in vergelyking met die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie parameters verbeter nie. Hierdie bevindinge is nie ten voordeel van die horisontale kykhoek nie. Nietemin, ondersteun die bevindinge van hierdie studie die gebruik van die "effens onder die horisontale" kykhoek as bevorderend om die pyn intensiteit te verminder en die sitgemak van 'n kantoorwerker te verbeter.
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Van, Vledder Nicole. "An ergonomic intervention : the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96865.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in computer users. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design whereby an ergonomic workstation adjustment, of VDU and chair height, was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over the four week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration was noted in sitting comfort. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and VDU may have contributed to a decrease in WRUQMP in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from WRUQMP. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation, is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Om die effek te bepaal van n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van rekenaargebruikers op werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn en sitgemak. Die boonste kwadrant verwys na die oksiput, servikale en boonste torakale werwelkolom en sluit ook die klavikel en skapula in. Methode: Die N=1 studie is onderneem met gebruik van die ABC ontwerp in terme waarvan n ergonomiese aanpassing van stoel en beeldskerm vergelyk is met die normale gebruik van die deelnemer. Pyn en sitgemak is gemeet deur die gebruik van die Visueel analoogskaal. Die interwensies is ge-evalueer oor vierweekfases tydens normale rekenaar gebruik van die deelnemer. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Uitkoms: Beide die gemiddelde en veranderlike pynintensiteit het verminder nadat die werkstasie aangepas is. Geen verbetering in sitgemak is opgemerk nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm het moontlik bygedra tot die verminderde pynvlakke in hierdie deelnemer. Hierdie veilige, ekonomiese verstelling is moontlik n praktiese beheeropsie vir rekenaargebruikers wat werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn verduur. Verder studie in die meet en waarneming van sitgemak tydens rekenaarwerk is nodig.
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Menzel, Nancy Nivison. "Manual Handling Workload and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Nursing Personnel." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000020.
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Stewart, Alison M. "Formation of expectations of return to work by injured workers with sub-acute back pain : The role of perceived uncertainty." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23719.
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This thesis explores the formation of expectations of return to work from the perspective of injured workers who were off work due to sub-acute back pain. The findings are based on one-to-one semi-structured interviews conducted with injured workers from the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. Interview data were recorded from 12 participants (6 female, 6 male) between ages 29 and 63 years. Most participants were in receipt of compensation benefits and were recruited through WorkSafeBC. The average duration of work absence was 3 1/3 months. The data were transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory. The findings identified several interactive categories from the data that influence the formation of expectations, including the overarching category of perceived uncertainty, as well as five inter-related sub-categories: (1) perceived lack of control over the return-to-work process, (2) perceived lack of recognition by others of the impact of the injury, (3) perceived inability to perform the pre-injury job, (4) fear of re-injury, and (5) perceived need for workplace accommodations. Perceived uncertainty was determined to be the core category influencing the formation of expectations, which have been identified as an important biopsychosocial element of the return-to-work process. This qualitative study, the first to explore the formation of expectations of return to work, serves to unpack the dynamic, complex and multi-faceted construct of expectations of return to work from the perspective of the injured worker.
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Torén, Anna. "Twisted trunk postures during tractor driving : with special reference to low-back load and exposure /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5498-0.pdf.
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Williams, Renee May. "The Functional Abilities Confidence Scale (FACS) and the Resumption of Activities of Daily Living (RADL) scale for injured workers with low back pain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21398.pdf.
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Murgatroyd, J. "Impact energy absorption of playground surfaces." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Chhokar, Rahul. "Back injuries among sawmill workers." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17884.
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Despite the high rates of injury in British Columbia’s sawmill industry no studies have specifically investigated back injury, which is one of the leading causes of work-related disability. To fill this gap, a study was devised and carried out to describe the rates and identify the risk factors associated with back injury in sawmill workers. Rates of backrelated compensation claims and hospitalizations were calculated for workers employed for at least one year between January 1, 1987 and July 31, 1997. Person time at risk was determined from work history records that were available for each worker. During the study period, there were 566 compensation claims and 154 hospitalizations for back injury, representing rates of 1.35 and 0.35 per 100 person years. Rates of both compensation claims and hospitalizations varied during the study period, which may be attributed to changes in the labour market and physician practices. In addition, rates of compensation claims decreased with longer duration of employment. A nested case-control design was used to identify physical and psychosocial risk factors associated with back-related compensation claims and hospitalizations. Results revealed that workers that had more physically demanding jobs had a higher risk of injury compared to workers that had less physically demanding jobs. As well, workers with one or more physical risk factors in their job were at a higher risk of back-related compensation claims than workers with no physical risk factors in their job. Of the psychosocial risk factors studied, job control was found to be associated with both backrelated compensation claims and hospitalizations: workers with more job control had a lower risk of injury. Noise exposure was found to increase the risk of back-related compensation claims; although the risk was lower in the highest level of noise exposure, suggesting that workers in this category used hearing protection more frequently. This study was the first to examine the rates and risk factors associated with back-related compensation claims and hospitalizations among sawmill workers. In addition to providing this information, this study also addressed some of the methodological limitations in prior occupational back injury studies.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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Huang, Chung-Cheng, and 黃冠傑. "An Automated System for Evaluating the Possible Low Back Injuries ial Handling." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82915524841560942716.
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碩士國立清華大學
工業工程研究所
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It has been proven that manual material handling (MMH) task is risk factors that cause chronic low back pain. The purpose ofo develop an automated computater system for evaluating theck injries in manual material handling tasks. The key idea of this system is to use computer vision technique to automatically assess the posture in the process of performing manual material handling tasks. The system can calculate the strains exerted in low back ands based on the anthropometric data and the biomechanical models. Then, the system can indicate the worst element during the manual material handling job cycle, and the disc compressive force compare with damge load and compressive strength to predict the possiblee. Finally, some recommendations of correct material handling or lifting posture are given. The system has two computer interfaces design. One is for the beginner in the dialogue form and the other is for expert in the menu form. The system is Language and image processing libraries, biomechanical models, and anthropometric data base are built in the system. very useful for future development.
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Herath, Mudiyanselage Sajeewa Udana Bandara. "The presence of known biomechanical risk factors for low back injuries in junior cricket fast bowlers." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1411281.
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Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (MPhil)Introduction: Injury prevalence rates of cricket fast bowlers increase over time. Fast bowlers lose 16% of potential playing time due to injury, while all other playing positions in cricket lose 5% of potential playing time. Most of the injuries of cricket fast bowlers occur in the lumbar region of the spine. Young fast bowlers have a higher risk of injury to the lower back compared to adult cricket fast bowlers and 37% - 55% of injuries among junior fast bowlers are in the lower back. Researchers have reported that bowling action is one of the main factors associated with low back injuries, with the mixed bowling action identified as having the highest-risk of injury. Hence, the first aim of this thesis is to examine biomechanical factors associated with low back pain and injury in fast bowlers through a systematic review of the literature. Secondly, a biomechanical analysis of junior cricket fast bowlers will be performed to established the presence of identified risk factors among junior fast bowlers, as well as to measure bone health and muscle symmetry. Systematic review. Method: Seven electronic bibliographic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, COCHRANE LIBRARY, WEB OF SCIENCE as well as SPORTDISCUSS were used as primary search sources. Eleven key words were used with three different combination formats in the electronic data bases searched. Three different factors including participant characteristics, biomechanical analysis, and the currency of the study were considered for the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality assessment of included articles was conducted using the McMaster University Guidelines and Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies. Biomechanical data were extracted from the studies and summarised. Results: Six articles were selected for the systematic review. All six were moderate to good quality according to critical appraisal scores, which ranged from 9 to 11 (Mean 9.5) out of 15. Three studies reported 3D biomechanical data and the other three studies reported 2D biomechanical data. Only one study investigated female participants, while all other studies investigated male participants. The mean age of the participants ranged from 13 to 27 years. Three studies out of six investigated junior state/club level fast bowlers and the other three investigated senior elite level fast bowlers. Out of these six included studies, only four studies used force plates to report cricket fast bowling kinetics. Higher lumbar lateral flexion power, lumbar lateral flexion moment, as well as lumbar flexion moments were the identified kinetic factors associated with lower back injuries. However, some conflicting findings were noticed, as three studies out of four which reported kinetic results did not report any association of the above-mentioned kinetic factors with lower back injuries. Higher hip flexion, shoulder alignment at back foot contact and at ball release, thorax lateral flexion at front foot contact and ball release, range of thorax lateral flexion, pelvis rotation at ball release and more importantly shoulder counter-rotation were identified kinematic factors that were associated with lower back injuries. However, similar to kinetic factors, there were some conflicting results reported, including one study that did not report any significant relationship between shoulder counter rotation and low back injuries. Conclusion: Both kinetic and kinematic factors associated with low back injuries were identified through the systematic review. However, some conflicting findings were reported, indicating that further research is needed to investigate the validity of the identified biomechanical risk factors. Experimental study. Method: Eleven junior male representative fast bowlers (mean age 13.8 ± 0.6 y, mean height 173.9 ± 5.3cm, mean weight 63.5 ± 5.7kg) were recruited from the Central Coast and Newcastle area, NSW, Australia. Each participant completed a spell of five overs at game pace. Three–dimensional (3D) kinematics (500Hz) and ground reaction forces (2000Hz) of the bowling action were recorded during the delivery stride and analysed in Visual 3D software. All participants underwent a whole-body Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to examine bone health and muscle distribution. Results: The majority (63.6%) of the junior fast bowlers used the mixed bowling action and the only other action used was the semi-open bowling action (36.7%). Biomechanical risk factors for lower back injuries, as identified in the systematic review, were observed in the entire study cohort. Greater shoulder counter rotation, shoulder alignment at back foot contact and ball release, thorax lateral flexion at front foot contact and ball release, range of thorax lateral flexion, pelvis rotation at ball release and hip flexion are identified kinematic factors, which were significantly higher in the mixed bowling action group compared to the semi-open bowling action group. Furthermore, higher lumbar lateral flexion power, lumbar lateral flexion moment and lumbar flexion moment are identified kinetic factors, which were significantly higher in the mixed bowling action group compared to the semi-open bowling action group. No significant differences were observed for bone mineral density or lean mass between bowling action groups in any region of the body. Furthermore, no differences in bone mineral density and lean mass were found between the dominant and non-dominant side of the body. Conclusion: Although several studies identified the mixed bowling action as a high-risk bowling action for low back injuries, the majority of the junior fast bowlers in this study used the mixed action. These junior bowlers also demonstrated several identified kinematic and kinetic risk factors for lower back injuries. It is alarming that 63.6% of junior fast bowlers select the mixed bowling action, as this may lead to minor to severe injuries and potentially early dropout. It appears better education is needed for coaches and athletes to alert them to higher risk of lower back injuries for bowlers using the mixed action.
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Roberts, Jesse Bruins. "The effect of low back manipulation compared to combined low back and hip manipulation for the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/3068.
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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018.Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a common ailment treated by chiropractors. Most chiropractors focus on the localised lumbar area of pain. Other chiropractors focus on restoring function to compensating articulations in the ‗full kinematic chain‘ by assessing and treating the lower extremity in conjunction to the low back. Patients with LBP often exhibit decreased hip-related ranges of motion that may result in future LBP, relapse and a prolonged recovery time. Studies investigating the effect of treating the kinematic chain in relation to LBP are limited and the literature, although widely taught and practiced, is largely anecdotal. Chiropractic manipulation has shown to be effective in the treatment of LBP and many lower extremity conditions. Objectives: This study set out to determine if a combination of low back and hip manipulation would result in a more beneficial outcome for the participant, suffering with CNSLBP, than low back manipulation alone in terms of objective and subjective outcomes. Method: The study was a randomised controlled clinical trial which, through purposive sampling, consisted of 50 participants with CNSLBP and hip joint dysfunction. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each [A and B]. Group A received low back manipulation alone and Group B received combined low back and hip manipulation. Subjective data was obtained through the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI) and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Objective data was obtained through the use of a Force Dial Algometer and an Inclinometer. Data collection occurred at the first, third and fifth consultations and was coded and analysed using IBM SPSS version 24.0. A p-value value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically relevant. Results: Intra-group testing showed that there was a significant difference over time, within both groups, with regards to internal rotation and external rotation of the hip, flexion of the lumbar spine, increased pain tolerance in Algometer tests, decreased NPRS values and decreased ODI scores. Within Group A, the mean scores for hip flexion reflected a more significant increase over time than those of Group B. Within Group B, the mean scores for left and right rotation of the lumbar spine reflected a more significant change over time than those of Group A. Inter-group testing showed no significantly differential treatment effect for any of the subjective and objective outcomes. This means that both treatments were equally effective and the hypothesis, that suggested that Group B would improve more than Group A, was incorrect. Conclusion: Both treatment groups improved subjectively and objectively with regards to CNSLBP. Inter-group testing showed that statistically, and for all outcome measurements, there were no significant differences between the two treatment group‘s results. This suggested that there was no additional benefit in combining hip joint manipulation with low back manipulation in the treatment of CNSLBP.
M
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Martin, Susan Leigh. "A study to determine the relationship between core muscle strength and chronic lower back pain in amateur female road runners and non-runners." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/193.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006
xiv, 61 leaves, Annexures 1-12, 20 leavesIt is well known that the lifetime incidence of lower back pain (LBP) is particularly high (Richardson et al., 1999). Most cases of LBP are self-limiting, however certain regional biomechanical deficits may be overlooked, such as core stability. As a result of this, LBP may become a chronic condition in the athletic and general population. This principle can be applied to road running, as the forces that pass through the muscles of the lower limbs and trunk cannot be properly absorbed if the trunk musculature is not properly trained. This may lead to lower back pain as a result of inadequate functioning and strength of stabilizing structures (Hedrick, 2000). The purpose of this exploratory cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between core muscle strength and chronic lower back pain in amateur female road runners and non-runners. The focus was to determine the core stability values in mmHg between amateur female runners with and without chronic LBP, and female non-runners with and without chronic LBP; as well as to compare female runners and non-runners with regard to core muscle strength.
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Jermyn, Gareth John. "The immediate effect of spinal manipulative therapy on club head velocity in amateur golfers suffering from mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/285.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) -Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004. 1 v. (various pagings)Background: Back pain among the golfing population is considered endemic as it has been recommended to golfers that they should attempt to use a state of maximal spinal rotation in their golf swing in order to achieve maximum ball distance. Evidence suggests that maximum spinal rotation range of motion will be more restricted in the golfers with low back pain, even though this maximum rotated position has been considered ideal for developing optimal Club Head Velocity (CHV). Research has demonstrated an approximate 1:3 relation between CHV and air travel (i.e. distance) of the golf ball. An increase in 1mph in CHV would increase air travel of the golf ball by approximately 3 yards. If one considers that CHV is primarily influenced by the strength and power of the torso (low back and abdominal muscles), muscle balance and flexibility, which are responsible for the static and dynamic postural stability of the golf swing, it stands to reason that low back pain, which has been identified as the most common problem affecting amateur golfers, will affect CHV. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the immediate effect of spinal manipulative therapy on club head velocity in amateur golfers suffering from mechanical low back pain in terms of subjective and objective measures.
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Bower, Guy. "The core stability, club head velocity and ball carry in golfers with and without low back pain : a comparative study." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/387.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)--Durban University of Technology, 2008The core stability, club head velocity and ball carry in golfers with and without low back pain – a comparative study. Objective: The aims of this study was to establish whether an observable difference exists in the abdominal core stability of two comparable groups of golfers: one asymptomatic and the other suffering from low back pain, and whether an observable reduction of performance, expressed as club head velocity and ball carry can be observed in those with low back pain. First Objective was to differentiate the groups at baseline with respect to core stability strength between asymptomatic golfers and golfers suffering from low back pain. Whereas the Second Objective was to establish whether a relationship exists between abdominal core stability, CHV and ball carry in the two population groups under study. Following the above the Third Objective was to establish which other factors besides core stability strength have an effect on CHV and ball carry. And lastly the Fourth Objective was to establish the correlation between CHV and ball carry. Design: A comparative study was carried out between the two sample groups. A sample of forty patients were selected for this study, where twenty patients were asymptomatic and had no current episode of low back pain and were able to maintain a core contraction; and the other twenty patients low back pain and could not maintain a core contraction. Because the patients presented in a random manner, the patients were matched as close as possible according to age, so as to have better comparative value between the groups (the maximum age difference of a year was instituted). This allowed for comparisons among similar ages, with the difference being their low back pain and core contraction status. Outcome Measure: Each golfer was required to hit 5 balls using a standard club (in this study, a standard driver was used), after which an average value v was calculated for CHV and ball carry. All measurements were carried out using the Flightscope Pro machine at the Durban Pro Shop. Results: Core stability and low back pain did not influence CHV. However there was a non significant trend which indicated higher ball carry in the group with better core stability and no low back pain than in the group with low back pain and poor core stability. Increasing age and handicap reduced the CHV and ball carry values significantly. Ball carry and CHV were positively correlated together in both groups.
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Stewart, Duane Edward. "The effectiveness of chiropractic adjustive therapy in conjunction with a rehabilitation exercise program in the management of lower back pain in athletes presenting with lower-crossed syndrome." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5236.
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M.Tech.OBJECTIVE: To determine the most effective treatment protocol in the treatment of Lower-Crossed Syndrome by comparing objective results gained from a Rehabilitation program (group one), Spinal Manipulative Therapy (group two) and a combination of these therapies (group three) directed at the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine. DESIGN: The study was a clinical trial in which three experimental groups of sixteen participants each were compared to each other. These participants were recruited from the local general population and were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, presenting with Lower-Crossed Syndrome and demonstrating unremarkable clinical and radiological findings. INTERVENTION AND DURATION: After randomisation, group one received a Rehabilitation program which consisted of a stretching and strengthening program only, group two received Spinal Manipulative Therapy only whereas group three received a combination of Spinal Manipulative Therapy and a Rehabilitation program. The frequency of the follow up consultations for this study was two consultations over the first two weeks of the trial and once a week for the following four weeks of the trial. MEASUREMENTS: Objective measurements included lumbar spine flexion and extension ranges of motion, hip flexor flexibility (hip extension), active and passive hamstring flexibility, gluteus maximus and abdominal strength tests and Sorenson’s Test (static back extensor strength test). Subjective measurements were the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index and McGill’s Questionnaire. Measurements were taken before (pre-) and after (post-) the first (initial), third, fifth and eighth (last) consultations. CONCLUSIONS: The aim of the study was to determine the most effective treatment protocol in the management of Lower Back Pain in athletes presenting with Lower-Crossed Syndrome. Although the combined group (group three) showed the greatest improvement these findings were statistically no greater than the statistical findings in group one and group two. All groups showed a statistically significant improvement over the trial period. This illustrates that both Spinal Manipulative Therapy and a Rehabilitation program (including stretching and strengthening) was effective in the management of Lower-Crossed Syndrome. From this study it can therefore be concluded that one treatment protocol did not prove to be more effective than that of the others.
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Fernandes, Carina. "The effects of chiropractic adjustments compared to stretching in freestyle dancers with lower back pain." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3718.
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M.Tech.Dancing, over the years has become a highly competitive sport with demanding levels of fitness and flexibility needed in order to progress to a professional level (DeMann, 1997). With lower back pain becoming a common occurrence in dancers, both physical as well as emotional stress is placed on the dancer and their lower back (DeMann, 1997). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Chiropractic adjustments on the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, stretching certain muscle groups or the combination of the two treatment protocols on Freestyle dancers with chronic lower back pain with regards to pain, disability and lumbar spine and pelvis range of motion. Thirty female participants between the ages of thirteen and twenty five years were recruited to participate in this study. Successful participants were then randomly placed into one of three groups, of ten participants each, which would receive different treatment protocols according to their group allocation. Group 1 underwent Chiropractic adjustments to the lumbar spine and Sacroiliac joints, Group 2 received stretching exercises to the Quadratus lumborum muscle; gluteal muscles consisting of Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus; Piriformis; Psoas; Hamstring and Multifidus muscles only and Group 3 received a combination of the treatment protocols. Participants in all three groups were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for subjective readings; the Digital Inclinometer was used for objective readings of ROM. All treatments were performed at the Riviere Academy of Dance under the supervision of a qualified Chiropractor. The results concluded that the benefits of an adjustment alone, stretching alone as well as the two treatments combined showed a reduction of pain and increase of ROM, when managing a dancer with lower back pain. Not one treatment was shown to be more beneficial than the other.
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"The effects of weight and posture on muscle activity and movement kinematics in manual lifting." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890387.
Full textAbstract:
by Wan Yu Kwan.Thesis submitted in: December 1999.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-125).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgement --- p.2
Abstract --- p.3
Table of Contents --- p.5
Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Introduction --- p.7
Chapter 1.1 --- Contribution of lifting techniques on risk assessment and training on manual materials handling --- p.7
Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.12
Chapter 1.3 --- Hypotheses --- p.12
Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of Study --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Literature Review --- p.14
Chapter 2.1 --- Societal concerns on employee compensation --- p.14
Chapter 2.2 --- Etiology of low back injury --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Compression forces on vertebral joints --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Shear forces on vertebral joints --- p.17
Chapter 2.3 --- Lifting techniques --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Effect of lifting techniques on curvature of the spine --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Importance of leg muscles in manual lifting --- p.22
Chapter 2.4 --- Prediction of low back injury in manual lifting --- p.24
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Compression forces and moments --- p.26
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Balance control --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Application of Surface electromyography in ergonomics --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Method --- p.34
Chapter 3.1 --- Subject recruitment --- p.34
Chapter 3.2 --- Equipment --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Force platform --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Motion analysis system --- p.37
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Surface electromyography --- p.38
Chapter 3.3 --- Maximum voluntary contraction test --- p.40
Chapter 3.3.1 --- MVC of vastus medialis --- p.41
Chapter 3.3.2 --- MVC of medial gastrocnemius --- p.42
Chapter 3.3.3 --- MVC of erector spinae --- p.43
Chapter 3.4 --- Lifting techniques --- p.44
Chapter 3.5 --- Experimental procedures --- p.48
Chapter 3.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.53
Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Results and Dicussion --- p.54
Chapter 4.1 --- No. of cases in the study --- p.54
Chapter 4.2 --- Phases of lifting --- p.55
Chapter 4.3 --- Process time --- p.56
Chapter 4.4 --- Trunk inclination angles --- p.62
Chapter 4.5 --- Hip joint angles --- p.67
Chapter 4.6 --- Knee joint angles --- p.73
Chapter 4.7 --- Center of mass of box --- p.79
Chapter 4.8 --- Muscle activities --- p.84
Chapter Chapter 5 - --- Conclusion --- p.109
Chapter Chapter 6 - --- References --- p.112
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Delgado, Robert Jose. "The immediate and short term effect of spinal manipulative therapy on the club head velocity of amateur golfers suffering from mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2078.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at the Durban Institute of Technology, Durban, 2006.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate and short term effects of spinal manipulative therapy on the club head velocity of amateur golfers suffering from mechanical low back pain. This purpose was identified as low back pain which has been noted as the most common musculoskeletal problem affecting amateur and professional golfers. In the right handed golfer the golf swing produces a distinctly asymmetric trunk motion, involving a combination of left axial rotation and right lateral bending. The significant lateral bending, shear, compression and torsional forces that the lower back contends with during the golf swing causes a peak compression load of more than eight times the body weight. In addition it is found that at the end of the follow through phase the golfer's lumbar spine is rotated and hyperextended. This is known as the reversed C position, in which the facet joints approximate and in addition torsional stress is placed on the annular fibers of the disc. With repetitive swings and incorrect form the lumbar facets bear the brunt of the abnormal forces on the lumbar spine. IV In addition to this, during the downswing phase of a golf swing the role of the multifidus is to limit flexion whilst the external oblique muscle induces rotation of the lumbar spine. Together both muscles produce rotation in the lower lumbar spine. Thus the golf swing, particularly during the downswing phase, places a tremendous burden on the multifidus muscle and may cause; o muscle injury which will contribute to the golfer's low back pain and I or o joint injury as a result of muscle fatigue. Furthermore the resultant uncontrolled contractions of the multifidus muscle produces torsion to the facet joints and disc. It is therefore likely that facet syndrome may be the main cause of low back pain in golfers, as modern golf publications urge golfers to use a maximum state of spinal rotation to generate a high club head velocity.
M
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SHEN, MING-YUAN, and 沈名媛. "The Road Back to the Workplace for Workers After Occupational Injuries- Research cases from Family Assistance Program in Taichung City." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2sg5ba.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
社會工作學系
107
The focus of this research is to explore the impacts to individual labors after occupational injuries and how does the interactions between labors and employers affect the employees’ choices and chances in returning career path? What major pros and cons do the family relationship and cyber interaction cause to the labors’ returning after occupational injuries? Based on the above-mentioned issues and by means of collecting and organizing of the document data, we adopted qualitative research and data analysis and proceeded in-depth interviews with eight individuals who had been suffering from occupational injuries. We tried to understand and empathize with the dilemmas and variations that they’ve encountered in their families as well as to explore the key issues and the core service points that these labors need to be aware of when returning to workplace. The purpose of this research is to provide relevant references and suggestions for our future plan of assisting these labors resuming work. The results of the research shows that the incident of the occupational injury not only causes the labors’ physical injuries but also mental illness. Their self-image and self-identity would be affected gradually due to the facts that they have reluctantly become a replier during medical recovery and their alienation experience when interacting with society. Their working ability fails employer’s expectation after occupational injury, the fear that they have towards the machines and working environment they used to be familiar with, the depression of reduced working ability as well as the unease interaction with their employers, and the fragile of employment relationship and the underprivileged labors all result in the struggling situations between the employees and employers. Even though the happening of occupation injuries would bring along the economical pressure and the stress of looking after another person inside of the family, and even cause impacts on close relations between couples or peers. We discover from the research that family and community’s network connection with the labors has a positive effect on the workers; these include the individual’s positive faith, parents’ love, their children’s reliance, their neighbors’ support and the assistance from the officials of occupational injury. These are all important motivations that drive these occupation injury labors moving forward.
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Moore, Karlie J. "Toward the development of screening tests for heart attacks and back injuries in firefighters : a study to investigate back-specific fitness, perceived fitness and aerobic capacity in a firefighter population." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36092.
Full textAbstract:
Firefighting is a very hazardous profession. Firefighters experience an injury rate that is three times higher than other physically demanding professions and the death rate in the fire service is also much higher compared to typical. Throughout the literature, data suggest the physical nature of firefighting contributes to the high incidence of injury and death among firefighters. As such, special interest groups and firefighting organizations advocate for firefighters to exercise and stay fit in order to safeguard their physical health. Yet, despite these efforts, firefighters still experience a very high incidence of back injuries and heart attacks which can lead to early retirement from disability or death. In the first aim of this dissertation, we examined the relationships between specific back fitness tests and history of back injuries in 113 firefighters in an effort to understand which fitness tests may aid in screening firefighters for risk of back injury. We found that a test of lumbar extension flexibility was associated with a higher incidence of back injuries among our sample (p<0.01). In the second aim of the study, we investigated whether perceived fitness was related to history of back injuries since firefighters’ perceptions of their fitness level may direct how they choose to perform job tasks that pose high risk for injury. Within the same sample of firefighters, we found that perceived fitness was not related to history of back injuries nor was the relationship between actual fitness and history of back injuries mediated by perceived fitness. However, perceived fitness correlated with scores on our back strength (r=0.28; p=0.003) and hamstring strength (r=0.21; p=0.03)
tests. In the third aim of the dissertation, we sought to develop a treadmill walking protocol to screen firefighters for low aerobic capacity which is a major risk factor for heart attack. Thirty-eight male firefighters wore a vest weighing 20% of their body weight and performed a walking VO2max test in which the treadmill grade increased by 1% each minute. The predicted VO2max from this walking test was very accurate; within a standard error of the estimate of 3.2 ml/kg/min. This new (Moore) protocol requires only a standard treadmill and is more job specific than a running test. In conclusion, more research needs to be conducted to understand how firefighters’ perceived fitness directs their behaviors when performing job tasks and how high levels of fitness can protect against back injuries and heart attacks in firefighters. This dissertation has contributed to the development of screening protocols to aid in preventing these adverse events.Graduation date: 2013