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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacillus mesentericus'

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Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Genov, Nicolay, and Giulio Jori. "CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES ON ALKALINE PROTEASE FROM Bacillus Mesentericus." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 5, no. 3 (January 12, 2009): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1973.tb02328.x.

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2

Mesrob, B. K., St P. Stoeva, and R. A. Vassileva. "PURIFICATION OF MILK-CLOTTING PROTEASE FROM BACILLUS MESENTERICUS STRAIN 76." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 11, no. 5 (January 12, 2009): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1978.tb02858.x.

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3

Shkolnikova, Marina, Elena Averyanova, Evgeny Rozhnov, and Evgeny Batashov. "Antibacterial Activity Research of Sea Buckthorn Meal Flavonoids." Food Industry 5, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-3-7.

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The article presents the study results of the antibacterial activity of rutin and quercetin, as well as flavonoids sum extract obtained from the fat-free common sea buckthorn meal (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), in comparison with the state standard sample (SSS) of rutin. According to one of the strategies for effectiveness and therapeutic potential evaluating of biologically active substances (BAS), a man studied the physicochemical parameters of fat-free sea buckthorn meal and the component composition of the flavonoid complex isolated from it. Inhibition of test microorganism cultures by the studied flavonoids showed that quercetin detected the maximum antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and B. mesentericus: the zones diameter of microbial growth suppression exceeds the lysis zones diameter of the SSS rutin comparison sample – 20.0 ± 0.1 mm and 16.0 ± 0.1 mm, respectively, whereas in SSS rutin – 1.0 ± 0.1 mm and 10.0 ± 0.1 mm. The researchers determined the quercetin influence on changes in morphological characteristics of B. subtilis and B. mesentericus by comparing micro-preparations, samples of which were taken from the area of bacterial growth after treatment with quercetin. Thus, the cells of the hay bacillus noticeably decreased in size, and the cells of the potato bacillus changed shape – from stringformed to coccoid-formed, indicating the cells forwardness to a quiescent state, which is a way of survival in the adverse conditions caused by quercetin treatment. To quantify the antibacterial effect of flavonoids, a man developed the inhibition coefficient (Ki) of microbial growth; its maximum value in the quercetin sample is 1900.0% for B. subtilis and 60.0 % for B. mesentericus, which allows to consider this sea buckthorn meal flavanol as a promising micro-ingredient for food bioconservation.
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4

Stoeva, Stanka, Traute Kleinschmidt, Bohos Mesrob, and Gerhard Braunitzer. "Primary structure of a zinc protease from Bacillus mesentericus strain 76." Biochemistry 29, no. 2 (January 16, 1990): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00454a029.

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5

Антонова, Tamapa, Т. Антонова, and T. Antonova. "Влияние аминокислот на биосинтез М-вариантом Bacillus mesentericus протеолити-ческого ферментного." Biotechnology & Bioindustry 3, no. 6 (March 1988): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.1988.10877411.

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6

Zavorokhina, Natalia, Natalya Pankratyeva, and Ekaterina Kryukova. "Express Method for Colorimetric Determination of Wheat Flour Contamination with Bac. Subtilis Spores." Food Industry 5, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-4-2.

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The causative agents of potato disease are spore-forming bacteria belonging to the subspecies Bacillus subtilis ssp. mesentericus (potato bacillus), common in nature (soil, air, plants). The causative agent of potato bread disease (Bacillus subtilis ssp. mesentericus) develops in the wheat bread crumb. The affected bread loses its natural taste and aroma first, then a peculiar sweet smell appears. The crumb becomes sticky, while breaking there are mucous, stretching threads. The crumb color changes: yellow-brown and pinkish-dirty spots. When the disease develops, the bread turns into a dark layered mass with a sharp specific smell and unpleasant taste. To prevent potato bread disease (PBD), it is necessary to control raw materials and finished products in order to detect their microbiological contamination. To determine the presence of bacteria that causes potato bread disease, a man can use different methods, which are usually divided into four groups: 1) bacteriological; 2) technological; 3) biochemical and 4) physical. In all four groups of methods, there is no single method for analyzing the PBD pathogens detection, that would be easily reproduced in any laboratory and would have the correctness of evaluating the results obtained. The workers of the Food Technology Department of the Ural State University of Economics have developed an express method for colorimetric determination of wheat flour contamination with Bac. Subtilis spores based on the erythrodextrins content in it, which give a red-brown staining when interacting with an iodine solution. The advantages of the improved method for determining PBD are: a) speed and expressiveness; b) the possibility of both qualitative and quantitative determination of Bac. Subtilis in flour in order to predict the PBD occurrence in wheat flour bread.
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7

BOSTUBAEVA, Makpal B., Ainash P. NAUANOVA, and Rıdvan KIZILKAYA. "Influence of inoculating microbes on municipal sewage sludge composting." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1114772.

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The influence of Ilkompost and Micromix bacterial consortium inoculation during sewage sludge (SS) with wheat straw (WS) composting was assessed. The effect of inoculation on compost quality parameters such as pH, temperature, nutrient contents and C/N, bacterial and fungal population were determined. Compared to the control treatment, the temperature of piles and population of microorganism increased after inoculated bacterial consortiums at the beginning of compost. But, WS addition did not effect on compost quality parameters and microbial population. Fungal and bacterial population, the peak temperature, or heating rate, of Micromix bacterial consortium based on Streptomyces pratensis, Bacillus mesentericus, Azotobacter chroococcum inoculated treatments was clearly higher than that of Ilkompost bacterial consortium based on Pediococcus pentosaceus, Streptomyces sindenensis, Bacillus megaterium inoculated treatments
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8

STOEVA, STANKA. "Modification of a zinc proteinase from Bacillus mesentericus strain 76 by diethylpyrocarbonate." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 37, no. 4 (January 12, 2009): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1991.tb00746.x.

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9

MESROB, B. K., and R. A. VASSILEVA. "PREPARATION AND SOME CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK-CLOTTING PROTEASE FROM BACILLUS MESENTERICUS 76." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 17, no. 1 (January 12, 2009): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1981.tb01971.x.

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10

Dobreva, E., T. Antonova, and P. Veltscheva. "Einwirkung des immobilisierten Pr�parates ?Sirenin? aus Bacillus mesentericus auf Milch als Substrat." Acta Biotechnologica 8, no. 4 (1988): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370080407.

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11

Боровик, І. В. "ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРО БІОТИЧНИХ МІКРООРГАНІЗМІВ BACILLUS SPP. ДЛЯ САНІТАРНИХ ОБРОБОК ПОВЕРХОНЬ." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, no. 3 (54) (February 17, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2021.3.1.

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Застосування пробіотиків дозволяє зменшити контамінацію і продовжити термін придатності продукції, що є актуальним у сфері безпеки харчових продуктів для споживача. У лабораторних умовах методом in vitro експериментально підібрано оптимальний склад пробіотиків із 5 штамів Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis UNCSM 020, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ALB65, Bacillus licheniformis UNCSM 033, Bacillus pumilusUNCSM 026, Bacillus subtilis var. mesentericus UNCSM 031). Вивчено мікробне забруднення серветок, що утримують вологу, оброблених пробіотиком під час зберігання на них зразків м’ясної продукції. Здійснено порівняння КМАФАнМ м’яса і субпродуктів, необробленого та одноразово аерозольно обробленого пробіотиком. Проведено штучне забруднення патогенними мікроорганізмами зразків м’ясної продукції із подальшою контамінацією пробіотиками. Дослідження проведено з метою вивчення можливого заміщення патогенної мікрофлори поверхні продукції на корисну. Ми порівнювали ефективність оброблення робочих поверхонь у м’ясному магазині пробіотиком і дезінфектантом. Під час дослідження серветки, що утримує вологу, обробленої пробіотиками на другій добі зберігання м’яса, спостерігалося розмноження Bacillus spp. і пригнічення росту патогенів. Оброблення пробіотиком серветки, що утримує вологу, покращило органолептичні властивості м’ясної продукції. Із другої доби зберігання продукції забрудненість м’яса птиці, обробленого пробіотиком, в 11 разів є меншою порівняно із необробленою продукцією. Показник КМАФАнМ обробленого пробіотиком м’яса зменшувався до 5 доби на відміну від необробленого, де бактеріальне забруднення збільшилося більше ніж у 1500 разів порівняно із першим днем. Виявлено, що пробіотичні бактерії Bacillus spp. є ефективним засобом для боротьби із патогенними мікроорганізмами Listeria spp, Salmonella spp, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp, St. aureus, а також пригнічували ріст пліснявих грибів і дріжджів в умовах м'ясопереробних підприємств. Через 8 годин після оброблення пробіотиком мікробне обсіменіння лотків, інвентарю, дошок, холодильників стало меншим у відповідно 5,2; 10,3; 18,9; 5,2 разів порівняно з обробленням хлоровмісним дезінфектантом.
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12

Lydina, M. A., N. A. Feoktistova, D. A. Vasiliev, E. I. Klimushkin, and O. N. Simurzina. "Technology of manufacturing and control of a laboratory series of phage Biopreparation bacillus pumilus (Mesentericus)." Biotika 2, no. 1 (February 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/biotika.2015-01.02.

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13

MESROB, B. K., and P. STOEVA. "Amino acid composition and zinc content of milk-clotting protease from Bacillus mesentericus strain 76." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 21, no. 4 (January 12, 2009): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1983.tb03117.x.

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14

Ozone, Fumiko, Yoshihiro Inoue, Akiko Shiraishi, Hajime Hamashima, Kazuo Masuda, Kenji Shiojima, and Masanori Sasatsu. "Purification and characterization of 3,3-dihydroxyazetidine from culture medium of Bacillus mesentericus and B. subtilis." Journal of Microbiological Methods 50, no. 1 (June 2002): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(02)00022-2.

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15

Sato, Naoki, Genichiro Seo, and Yoshimi Benno. "Development of Strain-Specific PCR Primers for Quantitative Detection of Bacillus mesentericus Strain TO-A in Human Feces." Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37, no. 1 (2014): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b13-00641.

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16

Loi, N. V., L. A. Tuan, T. V. Quy, P. T. Binh, and N. D. Tien. "Determination of some bioactive activities of a mixture of perilla and coriander essential oils." Food Research 8, no. 2 (March 22, 2024): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(2).70.

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The mixture of perilla and coriander essential oils is slowly mixed with essential oil perilla and essential oil coriander at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio. The mixture of perilla and coriander essential oils has a light yellow color, a characteristic aroma, and is transparent. The goal of this study was to determine some biological activities of the essential oil mixture perilla and coriander, laying the groundwork for the use of this essential oil mixture in food processing and preservation. The antioxidant capacity of the mixture of perilla and coriander essential oils has been determined to be 68.16±0.07%. The antibacterial activity against Bacillus mesentericus was the highest. This was followed by strains from different species of microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis with diameters of 44.34±0.16 mm, 42.17±0.28 mm, 41.32±0.19 mm, 39.86±0.21 mm, 39.62±0.15 mm, 38.45±0.27 mm, 37.54±0.13 mm and 37.23±0.18 mm, respectively. The essential oils perilla and coriander have a strong inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase. Their IC50 values were 0.79±0.02 µg/mL (the mixture of essential oil perilla and coriander), 0.84±0.02 µg/mL (essential oil perilla) and 0.91±0.03 µg/mL (essential oil coriander), while the IC50 value of the positive control acarbose was 145.32±9.24 µg/mL. Moreover, all samples have stronger alpha-amylase inhibition than alpha-glucosidase. The mixture of essential oils perilla and coriander, essential oil perilla and essential oil coriander exhibited strong inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase with IC50 values of 0.18±0.01, 0.23±0.01 and 0.26±0.02 µg/mL, respectively. These research results provide a good basis for later processing and preservation.
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17

Черепова, Надя, Димитрина Спасова, Тамара Антонова, Тодор Даов, Н. Черепова, Д. Спасова, Т. Антонова, et al. "У лтраструктурни промени в клетките на Т- и М-формите на Bacillus mesentericus, щам 76, продуцент на млякокоагулиращ ензимен комплекс." Biotechnology & Bioindustry 2, no. 3 (January 1987): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02052067.1987.10819283.

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18

Osipenko, I. S., and S. V. Merzlov. "Temperature, microbiological and chemical composition of broiler chickens’ excrement with litter after its composting with different doses of biodestructor." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, no. 99 (September 5, 2023): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9916.

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The rapid growth of production volumes of broiler chicken products both in our country and in most countries of the world is combined with an increase in industry waste. A significant percentage of this waste is poultry droppings with litter. In the absence of implemented technologies for rational disposal of broiler chicken droppings, economic and ecological problems arise locally. Considering the above, the search for effective methods of disposal of broiler chicken droppings is of scientific and practical importance. Composting poultry droppings with litter (sawdust of non-coniferous trees) can be an alternative method of rational disposal of this waste. To accelerate the fermentation of broiler litter, there is a practice of using various microbiological preparations. The effectiveness of using a biodestructor containing bacteria: Bacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus mycoides during composting of broiler chicken excrement and its effect on the microbiological, chemical and physical parameters of fermented biomass remains unexplored. To conduct an experiment, 30 kg samples were formed from the excrement with the litter taken from the poultry house after broiler chickens had been reared for 42 days. In the control group, excrement samples were treated with water without a biodestructor. In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd research groups, broiler chicken droppings were moistened with biodestructor solutions providing its doses of 143, 1430, and 2860 mg/t, respectively. Temperature and microbiological indicators were determined in the litter of broiler chickens during composting. In non-fermented litter of broiler chickens and litter composted for 150 days using a biodestructor, the crude protein content, mass fraction of Calcium, total Nitrogen and Phosphorus were determined. It has been established that the introduction of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of manure with a moisture content of 60.0 % leads to an increase in the activity of biochemical processes, which is confirmed by an increase in the temperature of the compost during the first hundred days of fermentation. The higher the dose of biodestructor was added to the litter of broiler chickens, the higher the KMAFAnM indicator and the numbers of Bacillus spp. bacteria in compost were higher. A regularity has been established that with the increase in the amount of biodestructor in the litter of broiler chickens, the number of Staphylococcus and Clostridium bacteria in the latter decreases. The use of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of broiler chicken droppings contributes to the increase of Nitrogen, crude protein, and Phosphorus in the compost and accelerates its mineralization compared to the control.
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19

Спасова, Димитрина, Надя Черепова, Любомир Данаилов, Тамара Антонова, Д. Спасова, Н. Черепова, Л. Данаилов, et al. "СКАНИРАЩО ЕЛЕКТРОННОМИКРОСКОПСКО ПРОУЧВАНЕ НА ВИСОКОПРОДУКТИВНА ТА М- И НЕПРОДУКТИВНАТА Т- ФОРМИНА BACILLUS MESENTERICUS ЩАМ 76, ПРОДУЦЕНТ НА МЛЯКОКОАГУ ЛИРАЩ ЕНЗИМЕН КОМПЛЕКС." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 4, no. 2 (January 1990): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.1990.10819344.

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20

Kovtun, P. V., and S. V. Merzlov. "INDICATORS OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKEN DROPPINGS WITH LITTER DURING DIFFERENT STORAGE TIMES." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 24, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2023-24-1.07.

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The increase in the population on the planet leads to an increase in the volume of food production. The high demand for poultry products leads to a rapid increase in the number of broiler chickens both in the world and in Ukraine, and at the same time to an increase in the volume of poultry waste, especially droppings and litter. Intensive and uncontrolled use of fresh broiler droppings as organic fertilizer for agricultural plants has a number of economic and ecological disadvantages. Therefore, there is a need to store (ferment) the broiler chickens droppings for a certain period of time (up to 20 months) in order to use it safely in crop production. Bacteria play an important role in the course of enzymatic processes in poultry droppings during its storage. It is of scientific interest to determine the number of bacteria in the droppings of broiler chickens with litter (cereal straw) stored for different times in the cold season. The content of microorganisms was determined in the droppings of broiler chickens. Samples were taken in January at an air temperature of 1.3 °C under the conditions of the experimental farm of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University from droppings 2 days after unloading from poultry houses, and which was stored for 4 and 9 months in barns. The content of CFU Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was determined in the litter. The indicator of KMAFAnM in the droppings of broiler chickens unloaded from poultry houses was 3.5x108. Until the 4th month of storage of the droppings, the KMAFAnM indicator in it increased. For 9 months of storage, the index of KMAFAnM in the droppings of broiler chickens decreases by 58.7 times compared to the index obtained after 4 months of composting. A group of bacteria Bacillus spp. was represented by the following species: Bacillus subtilis (dominant), Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides. Colonies of Bacillus spp. sown from droppings of different periods of storage were dry, with a wrinkled surface. They were colorless and light velvety in color. The edges of the colony of this bacterium were wavy. The lowest rate of CFU Bacillus spp. was found in the droppings unloaded from poultry houses. The number of CFU Bacillus spp. in droppings that was stored for 4 months was the largest. In broiler droppings that was stored for 9 months, the CFU indicator of Bacillus spp. was 10 times lower compared to droppings that was stored for 4 months. A group of bacteria Staphylococcus spp. was represented mainly by the following species: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. CFU index of Staphylococcus spp. in the droppings unloaded from the poultry houses was 4.6x107. The largest number of CFU Staphylococcus spp. was found in droppings that were stored for 4 months. In the droppings of broiler chickens after 4 months of storage, the CFU index of Streptococcus spp. was greater than at the beginning of storage by 28.8 times and by 53.1 times relative to the droppings stored for 9 months. Research on the detection of Escherichia coli bacteria in the droppings of broiler chickens had a negative result regardless of the time of storage of poultry droppings. CFU Escherichia coli were not detected.
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21

Zavorohina, Natalia V., Natalia A. Pankratyeva, and Nadezhda A. Goncharova. "Development of an express method for the quantitative assessment of the contamination of wheat flour with Bac. spores. subtilis." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 06029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022206029.

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The causative agent of potato bread disease (Bacillus subtilis, ssp. Mesentericus) develops in the crumb of wheat bread. To prevent potato disease of bread, it is necessary to control raw materials and finished products in order to identify their microbiological contamination. Various methods can be used to determine the presence of bacteria that cause potato bread disease. These methods are usually subdivided into four groups: 1) bacteriological; 2) technological; 3) biochemical and 4) physical. Within the framework of all four groups of methods, there is no single method for analyzing the detection of pathogens of potato disease in bread, which would be easily reproduced in any laboratory and would have a correct assessment of the results.At the Department of Nutrition Technology of the Ural State University of Economics, an express method for the colorimetric determination of the contamination of wheat flour with Bac spores has been developed. subtilis by the content of erythrodextrins in it, which give a reddish-brown color when interacting with iodine solution. The advantages of the improved method for determining the potato disease of bread include: speed and rapidity; the possibility of both qualitative and quantitative determination of Bac. subtilis in flour to predict the occurrence of potato bread disease in wheat flour bread.
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22

Davalieva, Katarina, Jugoslav Ziberovski, and Georgi D. Efremov. "Bme585 I [5′-CCCGC(4/6)-3′], a new isoschizomer of restriction endonuclease Fau I, isolated from a strain of Bacillus mesentericus." Microbiological Research 159, no. 2 (June 2004): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2004.01.010.

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23

Shadrack, Ronick Spenly, Ishikawa Manabu, Shunsuke Koshio, Saichiro Yokoyama, Yukun Zhang, Kumbukani Mzengereza, Mohammed Fouad El Basuini, and Mahmoud A. O. Dawood. "Effects of Single and Mixture Probiotic Supplements on Growth, Digestive Activity, Antioxidative Status, Immune and Growth-Related Genes, and Stress Response of Juvenile Red Sea Bream (Pagrus Major)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (April 7, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8968494.

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A 50-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of single and mixed strains of probiotic bacteria supplements on juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major). The study investigated the growth, digestibility, hemato-biochemistry, antioxidant, immune, immune, and growth gene expression and stress responses of P. major. Three hundred juvenile P. major ( 21.56 ± 0.09 g) were randomly distributed into fifteen 200-L polyethylene tanks (20 fish per tank) in triplicate of 5 treatments designated as D1 = the basal diet; Streptococcus faecalis (SF) T − 110 5 × 106 cfu/g diet and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) TOA 5001 5 × 105 cfu/g diet in the second group (D2) at 0.2%; mix SF T − 110 1 × 106 cfu/g diet, Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) TO − A 4 × 105 cfu/g diet, Bacillus mesentericus (BM) TO − A 1 × 102 cfu/g diet, BA TOA 5001 5 × 105 cfu/g diet in the third group (D3) at 1%; mix SF T − 110 1 × 106 cfu/g diet, LP TO − A 4 × 105 cfu/g diet, and BM TO − A 1 × 102 cfu/g diet in fourth group (D4) at 0.5%; and single strain BA TOA5001 5×105 cfu/g diet in the fifth group (D5) at 0.5% of dietary proportion. Results showed that D2 and D3 fish groups exhibit better performance, followed by D4, D5, and control group D1. This finding demonstrated that the use of BA in mix strain probiotic bacteria diet (D2, D3) had improved immune response, antioxidant enzymes, immunity (TNF-a, IL-1b), and growth-related (IGF-1, IGF-2) mRNA expression of juvenile P. major compared to the mix strain D4, single strain D5, and the control D1. Furthermore, single strain D5 and mix strain D4 also exhibit relatively better immune responses in P. major than in control D1. Considering the overall fish performances, mix strain SF+BA (D2) and mix strain SF+BM+LP+BA (D3) were the recommended potential mix strain probiotic bacteria supplement for P. major and may be useful also for other related aquatic species.
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Sudha G., Dharani, Nirmala P., Ramanathan R., and Vanitha Samuel. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF AZITHROMYCIN ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PROBIOTIC IN THE TREATMENT OF IMPETIGO IN CHILDREN." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 6 (November 14, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i6.23429.

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Objective: Impetigo is a superficial infection of the skin that involves only the epidermis. It affects mostly children, usually on exposed areas of the body (eg. The face and the legs). Staphylococcus aureus is the most important causative organism. Streptococcus pyogenes (i.e.) group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus) causes fewer cases, either alone or in combination with S. aureus. The objective of this study is to find out the efficacy and safety of azithromycin alone and in combination with probiotic among children suffering from impetigo.Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional study was conducted for a period of 6 mo in pediatric OPD and dermatology OPD in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. A total of 100 patients, randomly divided into two groups with 50 patients in each group. Group, I patients treated with Azithromycin 10 mg/kg/d for 5 d. Group II patients treated with Azithromycin 10 mg/kg/d for 5 d with probiotic (50 million spores of Lactobacillus sporegens, Streptococcus faecalis 30 million spores, clostridium butyricum 2 million spores, Bacillus mesentericus 1 million spores) twice daily for 5ds.Results: Reduction in a number of lesions and wound area, clinical response were highly significant in Azithromycin with the probiotic-treated group.Conclusion: In this study, probiotic bacteria may counteract the inflammatory process beyond the intestinal milieu. The results of this study indicate that Azithromycin with probiotic is effective in the treatment of impetigo.
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Sarkar, Gopal, Samiran Mondal, Debasis Bhattacharya, Perumal Ponraj, Sneha Sawhney, Prokasananda Bala, Dibyendu Chakraborty, Jai Sunder, and Arun Kumar De. "Effect of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Growth Performance, Lipid Panel, Antioxidant Profile, and Immune Response in Andaman Local Piglets at Weaning." Fermentation 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2023): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110970.

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This study aimed to investigate the role of a multi-strain probiotic compound containing Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus coagulans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Clostridium butyricum as an in-feed zinc oxide (ZnO) alternative in growth performance, diarrhea incidence, antioxidant profile, lipid panel, stress, and immunity in piglets at weaning. Seventy-two piglets weaned at 27 ± 1 day were divided randomly into three groups with four replicates of six piglets each: (i) a negative control group (WC) fed only a basal diet, (ii) a probiotic group (WB) fed a basal diet with the current probiotic formulation, and (iii) a positive control (PC) group fed a basal diet with 2500 mg/kg ZnO. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. Probiotic supplementation showed a positive effect on growth performance and reduced the diarrhea rate. The mean body weight of the piglets in the WB and PC groups was significantly higher than that of piglets in the WC group (14.88 ± 0.12, 14.97 ± 0.13 vs. 13.80 ± 0.06 kg; p ≤ 0.001). The addition of probiotic to the diet improved the lipid panel; the WB group showed a significantly higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (32.67 ± 0.85 in WB vs. 12.48 ± 0.76 in WC; p ≤ 0.001) and lower levels of total cholesterol (mg/dL) (59.78 ± 1.97 in WB vs. 119.11 ± 2.12 in WC; p ≤ 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) (17.90 ± 1.12 in WB vs. 69.10 ± 3.37 in WC; p ≤ 0.001) compared with the negative control group. Moreover, probiotic supplementation enhanced the antioxidant defense system and provided protection from oxidative damage by increasing the concentrations of serum catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase and by decreasing the concentrations of serum malonyldialdehyde and total nitric oxide. Heat shock proteins and other stress markers, such as serum cortisol, were reduced in the probiotic-fed group. The probiotic group also displayed higher levels of serum IgG and IgM at all time points and higher IgA on day 28 compared with the negative control group. Altogether, these results indicate that feeding with the currently used multi-strain probiotic formulation minimizes weaning stress, thereby improving the growth performance, antioxidant profile, lipid panel, and systemic and mucosal immunity. Therefore, multi-strain probiotic compounds may be used to replace ZnO in weaned piglets.
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Liu, Ling, Rui Qian, and Yong-Ning Zhou. "Clinical efficacy of mesalazine enema combined with triple live bacterial agent of Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus mesentericus in patients with mild to moderate distal ulcerative colitis." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 21, no. 34 (2013): 3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v21.i34.3908.

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Lee, Jin, Su Bum Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Hong Sub Lee, Sam Ryong Jee, Jong Hun Lee, and Tae Oh Kim. "Clinical Efficacy of Probiotic Therapy on Bowel-Related Symptoms in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis during Endoscopic Remission: An Observational Study." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9872230.

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Background. A substantial percentage of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have irritable bowel syndrome- (IBS-) like symptoms despite adequate treatment and endoscopic remission. In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of probiotic therapy for residual IBS-like symptoms in patients with UC in endoscopic remission. Methods. We conducted a multicenter, observational study between April 2018 and December 2020 across two university hospitals in Korea. Patients with UC whose IBS-like symptoms persisted during endoscopic remission were included in this study. Endoscopic remission was defined as a Mayo endoscopic score ≤ 1 , and IBS-like symptoms were defined as those meeting the ROME-IV diagnostic criteria. A Biotop capsule® (Lactobacillus acidophilus, 75 mg; Clostridium butyricum TO-A, 25 mg; Bacillus mesentericus TO-A, 25 mg; and Streptococcus faecalis T-110, 5 mg) was administered three times daily for one month. All patients completed bowel-related symptom questionnaires and short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaires (SIBDQs) at the start and end of the 4-week treatment period. Results. A total of 43 patients were enrolled and analyzed. Statistically significant improvements from baseline were observed at the end of the 4-week treatment. The total SIBDQ score improved from 50.6 to 53.6 ( P = 0.005 ). SIBDQ scores of bowel function ( P = 0.018 ), systemic function ( P = 0.040 ), and social function ( P = 0.005 ) improved. Stool frequency and Bristol stool scale scores improved after probiotic therapy ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. This study showed that probiotic administration improved bowel-related symptoms and quality of life in patients with UC whose IBS-like symptoms persisted during endoscopic remission. As this is an observational study and has no placebo-controlled arm, further prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Tomash, L. V., I. S. Mikuliak, M. I. Linskaia, and G. V. Kozak. "Evaluation of maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 6, no. 2 (March 2, 2023): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0231.

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Topicality. The results of phytopathological evaluation of breeding material (the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)) against the natural background of the main diseases fusarium (Fusarium (F. moniliforme J. Sheld), bacteriosis (Bacillus mesentericus-vulgatus Flugge), white rust (non-parasitic disease), boil smut (Ustilago zeae (Beskm.) Unger)) are given. The damage of corn hybrids by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb) was determined. Purpose. Our research was aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of new maize hybrids for resistance to major diseases and pests in the conditions of the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The studies was conducted on the fields of Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of Institute of Agriculture in Carpathian region NAAS in selective crop rotation of NAAS according to generally accepted methods of field experiments, methodical recommendations and handbooks. The resistance of 299 maize hybrids was evaluated, including 125 hybrids in the competitive variety trial and 174 in the preliminary variety trial. Pochayivskyi 190 MV and DB Lada hybrids were used as a standard for comparing early-ripening hybrids, and Orzhytsia 237 MV and DB Khotyn hybrids were used as a standard for comparing mid-early hybrids. Early-ripening hybrids are included in the FAO 180–199, and mid-early hybrids – in the FAO 200–299. Results. Sampling based on hybrids resistance to major diseases and damage by European corn borer will improve grain quality and productivity of newly developed maize hybrids. Highly resistant, resistant and medium resistant to diseases hybrids were identified, which can be recommended for state variety testing: to Fusarium pathogen – 52, 97 and 92 (80.5 %) hybrids, bacteriosis – 143, 106, 38 (95.9 %), white smut – 190, 59, 34 (94.8 %), boil smut – 279, 8, 10 (99.3 %), respectively, and to damage by European corn borer: highest resistant (damage 0–5 %) – 172, high resistant (6–15 %) – 75, and medium resistant (damage 16–25 %) – 35 (94.3 %) hybrids. Conclusion. As a result of multi-year research, a number of maize hybrids, which are characterized by resistance to major diseases and pests and high yielding properties (9.2 t/ha), were bred by the Bukovyna State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS in co-authorship with breeders of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS., Thus, 77 maize hybrids have high resistance to damage by European corn borer, 8 hybrids were distinguished by high resistance to the pathogen of boil smut. In addition, 97 maize hybrids were resistant to Fusarium pathogen. The implementation of these hybrids in production will significantly improve the maize yield in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. For the second year, the early ripe hybrid (FAO 180) DB Tyras, created in co-authorship with the State Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, is undergoing state variety testing. The hybrid is characterized by high resistance to pathogens of Fusarium, boil smut, the potential yield of which is 13.5 t/ha. Key words: hybrid, maize, natural background, disease, pest, resistance, injury, damage
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Rolny, Ivanna S., Jessica Minnaard, Silvia M. Racedo, and Pablo F. Pérez. "Murine model of Bacillus cereus gastrointestinal infection." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.079939-0.

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Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming micro-organism responsible for foodborne illness. In this study, we focus on the host response following intragastric challenge with a pathogenic B. cereus strain (B10502) isolated from a foodborne outbreak. C57BL/6J female mice were infected by gavage with strain B10502. Controls were administered with PBS. Infection leads to significant modification in relevant immune cells in the spleen, Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). These findings correlated with an increase in the size of PP as compared with uninfected controls. Histological studies showed that B. cereus infection increased the ratio of intestinal goblet cells and induces mononuclear cell infiltrates in spleen at 5 days post-infection. Evaluation of cytokine mRNA expression demonstrated a significant increase in IFN-γ in MLN after 2 days of infection. The present work demonstrates that infection of mice with vegetative B. cereus is self-limited. Our findings determined relevant cell populations that were involved in the control of the pathogen through modification of the ratio and/or activation.
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Twenhafel, N. A., E. Leffel, and M. L. M. Pitt. "Pathology of Inhalational Anthrax Infection in the African Green Monkey." Veterinary Pathology 44, no. 5 (September 2007): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.44-5-716.

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There is a critical need for an alternative nonhuman primate model for inhalational anthrax infection because of the increasingly limited supply and cost of the current model. This report describes the pathology in 12 African green monkeys (AGMs) that succumbed to inhalational anthrax after exposure to a low dose (presented dose 200–2 X 104 colony-forming units [cfu]) or a high dose (presented dose 2 X 104–1 X 107 cfu) of Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain) spores. Frequent gross lesions noted in the AGM were hemorrhage and edema in the lung, mediastinum, and mediastinal lymph nodes; pleural and pericardial effusions; meningitis; and gastrointestinal congestion and hemorrhage. Histopathologic findings included necrohemorrhagic lymphadenitis of mediastinal, axillary, inguinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes; mediastinal edema; necrotizing splenitis; meningitis; and congestion, hemorrhage, and edema of the lung, mesentery, mesenteric lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and gonads. Pathologic changes in AGMs were remarkably similar to what has been reported in rhesus macaques and humans that succumbed to inhalational anthrax; thus, AGMs could serve as useful models for inhalation anthrax studies.
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Dequéant, Bérengère, Quentin Pascal, Héloïse Bilbault, Elie Dagher, Maria-Laura Boschiroli, Nathalie Cordonnier, and Edouard Reyes-Gomez. "Identification of Mycobacterium genavense natural infection in a domestic ferret." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718812137.

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A 6-y-old neutered male ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) was presented because of a 1-mo history of progressive weight loss, chronic cough, and hair loss. On clinical examination, the animal was coughing, slightly depressed, moderately hypothermic, and had bilateral epiphora. Thoracic radiography was suggestive of severe multinodular interstitial pneumonia. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric and pancreaticoduodenal lymphadenopathy. Fine-needle aspiration of the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, followed by routine Romanowsky and Ziehl–Neelsen stains, revealed numerous macrophages containing myriad acid-fast bacilli, leading to identification of mycobacteriosis. Autopsy and histologic examination confirmed the presence of disseminated, poorly defined, acid-fast, bacilli-rich granulomas in the pancreaticoduodenal and mesenteric lymph nodes, intestines, and lungs. Destaining of May-Grünwald/Giemsa–stained slides with alcohol, and then restaining with Ziehl–Neelsen, revealed acid-fast rods and avoided repeat tissue sampling without affecting the Ziehl–Neelsen stain quality and cytologic features. Tissue samples were submitted for a PCR assay targeting the heat shock protein gene ( hsp65) and revealed 100% homology with Mycobacterium genavense. We emphasize the use of special stains and PCR for identification of this potential zoonotic agent.
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Shapiro, Andrew, Funda Vakar, and Ashish M. Kamat. "Diffuse granulomatous mesenteric disease caused by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation masquerading as peritoneal carcinomatosis." Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 23, no. 5 (September 2005): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2005.04.004.

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Miyazawa, Hanae, Yusuke Matsuda, Seisho Sakai, Katsuhiko Kamei, and Taizo Wada. "Mesenteric abscess caused by coinfection with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Phialemonium sp. in chronic granulomatous disease." IDCases 27 (2022): e01375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01375.

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He, Yijie, Kwangwook Kim, Cynthia Jinno, Zhaohai Wu, Rose Whelan, Kiran Doranalli, and Yanhong Liu. "131 Effects of Bacillus spp. probiotics on systemic immunity and intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.137.

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Abstract The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus spp. on systemic immunity and intestinal health of weaned pigs infected with F18 E. coli. Weaned pigs (n = 36, 7.61 ± 0.40 kg BW) were randomly allotted to one of three treatments: a control diet and two diets supplemented with 500 mg/kg of Bacillus spp. strain 1 (PRO1) or strain 2 (PRO2). The experiment was conducted for 28 d, including 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation (d 0). The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 consecutive days. Serum samples were collected on d 0 before inoculation, and d 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-inoculation (PI) to measure inflammatory meditators. All pigs were euthanized on d 21 PI to collect tissue samples for gut morphology, bacterial translocation, and gene expression analysis. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. Pigs in PRO1 had reduced (P < 0.05) serum haptoglobin on d 3 and d 6 PI compared with pigs in control. Supplementation of PRO1 or PRO2 reduced (P < 0.05) total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 PI. Pigs in PRO1 had greater (P < 0.05) ileal villi height than pigs in control. Pigs in PRO2 had greater (P < 0.05) sulfomucin percentage in duodenal villi and greater (P < 0.05) sialomucin percentage in jejunal villi than pigs in control. Supplementation of PRO1 also up-regulated (P < 0.05) MUC2 gene expression in jejunal mucosa but reduced (P < 0.05) COX2 and IL1B gene expression in ileal mucosa on d 21 PI, compared with control. In conclusion, supplementation of Bacillus spp. may reduce systemic inflammation and enhance intestinal health of weaned pigs infected with F18 E. coli.
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Michelet, Lorraine, Céline Richomme, Edouard Réveillaud, Krystel De Cruz, Jean-Louis Moyen, and Maria Laura Boschiroli. "Mycobacterium microti Infection in Red Foxes in France." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061257.

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Mycobacterium microti, member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, complex is known to interfere in the screening and diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. This pathogen is increasingly detected in the frame of surveillance programs for tuberculosis in livestock and wildlife. Recently, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were found infected by Mycobacterium bovis in four French endemic areas. M. microti infection was concomitantly found during this investigation. Rates of infection by M. microti and M. bovis are not different except in one of the four areas (lower prevalence for M. microti in Charente). As for M. bovis infection, none of the infected foxes presented gross TB-like lesions. Infection of red foxes by M. microti seems to occur by ingestion of contaminated food, as mesenteric lymph nodes are mostly infected albeit no fecal excretion could be detected. Red foxes appear to be susceptible to Mycobacterium microti infection but seem to play a role of dead-end host for the transmission of this bacillus.
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Wells, A. D., J. M. A. Northover, and E. R. Howard. "Abdominal Tuberculosis: Still a Problem Today." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 79, no. 3 (March 1986): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688607900307.

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Thirty cases of abdominal tuberculosis were diagnosed over an 18-year period, 26 being in immigrants; the mean age at presentation was 33 years. There were 25 cases of tuberculous peritonitis, two of tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis, and one each of gastric tuberculosis, colonic tuberculosis and tuberculous ischiorectal abscess. The presenting symptoms were of vague ill-health and not diagnostic, and the most common findings were of pyrexia, abdominal tenderness and ascites. The most common haematological abnormalities were raised ESR (22 patients) and mild anaemia (15 patients). Most commonly, diagnosis was made by formal laparotomy (19 cases) with biopsy (18 cases); histological examination gave a positive diagnosis in all 18 cases, but bacteriological examination yielded the tubercle bacillus in only 10 (56%). There were 2 deaths in the series, not directly related to the abdominal tuberculosis. In view of its infrequent and vague presentation, care is required to avoid overlooking the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, particularly in the immigrant population.
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Singh, U. M., B. N. Tripathi, and O. P. Paliwal. "Progressive Pathological Changes in Sub-clinical Experimental Para-tuberculosis in Goats." Nepalese Veterinary Journal 34 (December 21, 2017): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v34i0.22905.

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An experiment was carried out to study the development of sequential histological lesions and efficacy of certain diagnostic tests in experimentally induced subclinical paratuberculosis infection in goats. Twelve goats of 8-12 weeks age were infected with 4.23 x 109 Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis on 8 occasions. Eight goats were kept as in-contact controls and 4 as uninfected controls. Diagnostic tests, gross and histopathological studies were carried out at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-infection. Two goats were positive in the AGID test at 12MPI. Three goats, one at 9 MPI and two at 12 MPI were positive in faecal culture. Tissue PCR detected one goat positive each at 9 and 12 MPI. Six (50%) of 12 infected goats had gross and histological lesions. Marked enlargements of the mesenteric lymph nodes were observed in the early stages (3 and 6 months post infection) of infection. Mucosal thickening and corrugation of the jejunal and ileal mucosae, enlargement and oedema of the mesenteric lymph nodes, dilatation of lymphatics and gelatinisation of mesenteric fat were observed in goats euthanised at 9 and 12 MPI. Histological lesions consisting of flat and broad villi with mild infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages in the intestinal villi and crypts were common at 3 MPI and 6 MPI. Focal infiltration of macrophages in Peyer's patches and giant cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes at 6 MPI. Broadened villi and increased infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages with Langhan's giant cells were observed in the villi and crypts at 9 MPI and 12 MPI goats. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in 3 goats, one each at 6, 9 and 12 MPI.
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Lin, Jian, Chunxiao Mou, Shuai Zhang, Liqi Zhu, Yuchen Li, and Qian Yang. "Immune Responses Induced by Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Expressing the PEDV Spike Protein Targeted at Microfold Cells." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050211.

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Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), a probiotic bacterium and feeding additive, is widely used for heterologous antigen expression and protective immunisation. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) invades swine via mucosal tissue. To enhance the mucosal immune response to PEDV, we modified B. subtilis to express a PEDV antigen and used it as a mucosal vaccine delivery system. Initially, we constructed a recombinant B. subtilis strain (B.s-RCL) that expressed the PEDV spike protein and L-Lectin-β-GF, with the goal of inducing mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and anti-PEDV serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) production, as well as to increase the number of microfold cells (M cells). Following the oral administration of B.s-RCL to mice, the small intestinal PEDV-specific sIgA expression levels significantly increased, as well as the increased number of B.s-RCL adhered to M cells. Moreover, we found that mice administered B.s-RCL exhibited markedly higher percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen compared to the control mice. Furthermore, we found that intestinal mucosa sIgA and serum anti-PEDV IgG levels were higher in mice orally immunised with B.s-RCL, suggesting that the mice could be more resistant to PEDV. In this study, we developed a novel oral vaccine to prevent porcine diarrhoea epidemics.
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Lin, Jian, Chunxiao Mou, Shuai Zhang, Liqi Zhu, Yuchen Li, and Qian Yang. "Immune Responses Induced by Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Expressing the PEDV Spike Protein Targeted at Microfold Cells." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050211.

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Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), a probiotic bacterium and feeding additive, is widely used for heterologous antigen expression and protective immunisation. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) invades swine via mucosal tissue. To enhance the mucosal immune response to PEDV, we modified B. subtilis to express a PEDV antigen and used it as a mucosal vaccine delivery system. Initially, we constructed a recombinant B. subtilis strain (B.s-RCL) that expressed the PEDV spike protein and L-Lectin-β-GF, with the goal of inducing mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and anti-PEDV serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) production, as well as to increase the number of microfold cells (M cells). Following the oral administration of B.s-RCL to mice, the small intestinal PEDV-specific sIgA expression levels significantly increased, as well as the increased number of B.s-RCL adhered to M cells. Moreover, we found that mice administered B.s-RCL exhibited markedly higher percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen compared to the control mice. Furthermore, we found that intestinal mucosa sIgA and serum anti-PEDV IgG levels were higher in mice orally immunised with B.s-RCL, suggesting that the mice could be more resistant to PEDV. In this study, we developed a novel oral vaccine to prevent porcine diarrhoea epidemics.
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Palmer, Mitchell V., Carly Kanipe, Rebecca Cox, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, and Tyler C. Thacker. "Characteristics of subclinical Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in a captive white-tailed deer herd." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 6 (September 11, 2019): 844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719873028.

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Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and affects both domestic and wild ruminants, including cattle, goats, sheep, and deer. In cattle, most infections occur during calfhood followed by a prolonged incubation period of 1–2 y or more before cows shed culturable numbers of MAP bacilli in their feces. As disease progresses, infected animals develop protein-losing enteropathy, intractable diarrhea, and weight loss. In a cohort of 32 clinically normal deer from a herd with a history of periodic clinical paratuberculosis, we found that subclinical infection was characterized by high rates of infection, common involvement of mesenteric lymph nodes, minimal lesion formation, few intralesional acid-fast bacilli, and low-level fecal shedding of MAP. The characteristics of subclinical paratuberculosis in white-tailed deer resemble those of cattle and red deer, although microscopic lesions were less common in subclinical deer than reported for subclinical cattle, and we did not see necrotizing granulomas as described in subclinical red deer and elk.
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Barbosa, J. D., A. Serruya, A. M. C. Lins, C. M. C. Oliveira, and N. S. S. Silveira. "Clinical bovine paratuberculosis - first report in the state of Pará." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 75, no. 6 (2023): 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12960.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to describe the clinical, pathological, and serological aspects of paratuberculosis in a bullock on dairy and beef farm in the municipality of Inhangapí, state of Pará. The animal was raised extensively and presented progressive weight loss, pale mucous membranes, and chronic diarrhea. A blood sample was collected for serology by the indirect ELISA technique. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and necropsied. At necropsy, there was thickened and wrinkled intestinal mucosa, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and liquid intestinal contents with a brown color. Organ fragments were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin wax, cut, and stained by hematoxylin and eosin and by Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Histopathology showed intense granulomatous infiltration with Langhans giant cells in the lamina propria and submucosa of the small intestine, Peyer patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed many intralesional acid-fast bacilli. Antibody searching against Mycobacterium avium (subsp.) paratuberculosis was positive. The diagnosis of paratuberculosis was based on epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and serological data. This is the first report of clinical paratuberculosis, confirmed by pathology and serology, in a bullock in the state of Pará.
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42

Zwick, Laura S., Timothy F. Walsh, Robyn Barbiers, Michael T. Collins, Michael J. Kinsel, and Robert D. Murnane. "Paratuberculosis in a Mandrill (Papio Sphinx)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 14, no. 4 (July 2002): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870201400409.

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A 2.5-year-old captive female mandrill ( Papio sphinx) died following a protracted course of intermittent abdominal bloat, diarrhea, and severe weight loss. Necropsy revealed emaciation and marked gastrointestinal distention with gas and ingesta. Histologic evaluation revealed severe diffuse granulomatous enterocolitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis with massive numbers of 1–2-μm acid-fast bacilli within macrophages. Additionally, there was moderate to severe multifocal myocardial and vascular amyloidosis, moderate multifocal pyogranulomatous interstitial pneumonia with no acid-fast bacteria, and moderate multifocal glossal candidiasis. Samples of feces, ileum, and colon were positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by radiometric culture and a polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA probe specific for the insertion sequence IS900 of this organism.
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43

Wang, Sa, Linda M. Ernst, Brian R. Smith, Giovanni Tallini, John G. Howe, Jill Crouch, and Dennis L. Cooper. "Systemic Tropheryma whippleii Infection Associated With Monoclonal B-Cell Proliferation: A Helicobacter pylori–Type Pathogenesis?" Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-1619-stwiaw.

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Abstract We report a case of Whipple disease in a 55-year-old woman who presented with arthralgia, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. Tropheryma whippleii bacilli were identified in the mesenteric lymph nodes by diastase-resistant periodic acid–Schiff stain and confirmed by electron microscopy. Retrospectively, previous biopsy specimens from the duodenum and right axillary lymph node of this patient, which were initially considered to demonstrate reactive changes, also showed features consistent with involvement by Whipple disease. At the time of presentation, a large κ-restricted monoclonal B-cell population with the phenotype CD20+CD19+CD5−CD10− was identified in the patient's peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow by flow cytometry study. The monoclonality of the mesenteric lymph node B cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical stain for κ chain after antigen retrieval and also by polymerase chain reaction with the primer set targeting FR2-VH. Routine cytogenetic study failed to reveal any chromosomal abnormalities, and polymerase chain reaction for Bcl-2 major and minor breakpoint cluster of t(14:18) was not detected. The monoclonal B cells have persisted in blood for the entire follow-up period (10 months). The possibility of reactive monoclonal B-cell proliferation versus Whipple disease–related B-cell lymphoma is discussed.
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44

Wang, Shuai, Qianhong Ye, Ke Wang, Xiangfang Zeng, Shuo Huang, Haitao Yu, Qing Ge, Desheng Qi, and Shiyan Qiao. "Enhancement of Macrophage Function by the Antimicrobial Peptide Sublancin Protects Mice from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (September 8, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3979352.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the major pathogen responsible for community and hospital bacterial infections. Sublancin, a glucosylated antimicrobial peptide isolated from Bacillus subtilis 168, possesses antibacterial infective effects. In this study, we investigated the role and anti-infection mechanism of sublancin in a mouse model of MRSA-induced sublethal infection. Sublancin could modulate innate immunity by inducing the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide, enhancing phagocytosis and MRSA-killing activity in both RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. The enhanced macrophage function by the peptide in vitro correlated with stronger protective activity in vivo in the MRSA-invasive sublethal infection model. Macrophage activation by sublancin was found to be partly dependent on TLR4 and the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, oral administration of sublancin increased the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. The protective activity of sublancin was associated with in vivo augmenting phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and partly improving T cell-mediated immunity. Macrophages thus represent a potentially pivotal and novel target for future development of innate defense regulator therapeutics against S. aureus infection.
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45

Dasgupta, Alakananda, Navjeevan Singh, and Arati Bhatia. "Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Histopathological Study with Special Reference to Intestinal Perforation and Mesenteric Vasculopathy." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 1, no. 02 (July 2009): 056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.59700.

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ABSTRACT Background: Along with the increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in parallel with the increase in population in various parts of the world, in recent years, the incidence of abdominal tuberculosis has also increased. The pathogenetic events in intestinal tuberculosis, which culminate in ulcer formation, perforation, and stricture, still have to be identified. Aim: To correlate the gross and microscopic features in intestinal tuberculosis, in particular tuberculous perforation with changes in mesenteric vasculature. Patients and Methods: A one-year prospective study of excised/resected tissues from patients with abdominal tuberculosis requiring surgical intervention was conducted. Tissues from fifty-six patients were included in the study — of which 36 were resected intestinal segments and 20 were intestinal and lymph node biopsies. Hematoxylin and Eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen stains were used for histopathological examination. Results: Tuberculous enteritis was found to be present in 49 of the 56 patients (87.5%) (ileum being the site most commonly affected), while nodal involvement was seen in 39 (69.6%) patients. Perforations were present in 39 out of 49 (79.6%) intestinal tissues; most being solitary and ileum was the commonest site. Typical epithelioid cell granulomas were seen in the intestine and lymph nodes, with caseation being more prevalent in the latter. The mesenteric vasculature was frequently involved by granulomatous inflammation, with intravascular organizing thrombus being present in 30% of the resected specimens with perforation. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrated in the tissue sections of 37.5% of the patients. AFB positivity was higher in caseating granulomas. Conclusion: Involvement of mesenteric vasculature by granulomatous inflammation was commonly associated with the ulcerative type with perforation, suggesting that ischemia caused by vascular thrombosis is responsible for tissue breakdown. This implies that vasculitis plays an important role in the natural history of abdominal tuberculosis.
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46

Mazhar, Omair, Sher Alam Khan, Muhammad Arsalan Qaisar, Zafar Iqbal Bhatti, Mahwish Akhtar Qureshi, and Ibrahim . "Incidence of Several Forms of Tuberculosis (TB) and Their Bacillus Calamette Guerin (BCG) Vaccination Status among Children." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221661071.

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Aim: The purpose of the study was to govern the incidence of various forms of tuberculosis and the status of BCG vaccination in children. Study design: A Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: In the Pediatrics department of Jinnah hospital, Lahore for one-year duration from January 2021 to December 2021. Methods: A total of 200 patients with various forms of tuberculosis were recruited who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A demographic profile including age, gender and hospital registration numbers is recorded. Informed oral consent was obtained from the parents of each child. BCG scar present or absent. Form of tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis (fever> 14 days, ESR> 50, sputum positive for AFB, x-ray results), tuberculous meningitis (fever with focal neurological symptoms lasting longer than 14 days, CT results according to inclusion criteria, CSF pleocytosis), tuberculous lymphadenitis (detection of tuberculosis by histopathology on excisional lymph node biopsy), abdominal tuberculosis (fever longer than 14 days, previous weight loss and anorexia, mesenteric lymphadenitis, biopsy of the lesion suggestive of tuberculosis), description and labelling of the vaccinated and unvaccinated patient with the presence or absence of BCG scar. Results: During this period, 200 patients who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were selected in the study. Of the 200 patients included, 110 (55%) were males and 90 (45%) were females (Table 1), their age varies from 1 to 14 years, with 7.22 ± 3.78 years of an average age. Out of 200 enrolled patients, the four most common types of tuberculosis were examined. Out of 200 cases, 95 (47.5%) were pulmonary tuberculosis, 50 (25%) tuberculous meningitis, 35 (17.5%) tuberculous lymphadenitis, and 25 (12.5%) abdominal tuberculosis. Of the 200 patients enrolled, 85 (42.5%) were vaccinated (with BCG scarring) and 115 (57.5%) were unvaccinated. Keywords: Tuberculosis, BCG, Pulmonary tuberculosis
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47

Duverger, Alexandra, Wei-Jen Tang, Stephen H. Leppla, and Prosper N. Boyaka. "Differential regulation of mucosal immunity by Bacillus anthracis edema toxin and cholera toxin as adjuvants for transcutaneous vaccines (41.3)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.41.3.

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Abstract Our previous studies have shown that nasal co-administration of an anthrax edema toxin (EdTx) derivative [i.e., protective antigen (PA) plus an edema factor (EF) mutant (EF N447S)], enhances mucosal and systemic immunity to both PA and co-administered unrelated protein antigen. Unlike the ganglioside targeting adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT), nasal EdTx N447S did not target CNS tissues or induce inflammatory responses in the NALT. Here, we examined whether the difference in the cell targeting of these two adjuvants would lead to different mucosal and systemic Ab responses when used in transcutaneous vaccines. We found that both CT and EdTx N447S promoted IgG Ab responses in the serum. However, transcutaneous application of EdTx N447S, or even native EdTx, did not induce IgA Ab responses in the blood or in mucosal secretions. We next analyzed APC (i.e., B cells, macrophages and DCs) in the skin, inguinal lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer’s patches (PP) of mice 18 hrs after transcutaneous application of OVA alone, OVA plus CT or OVA plus EdTx. Transcutaneous application of CT or EdTx affected the distribution of APCs and their expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules (i.e., CD80 and CD86) in the skin and draining lymph nodes. However, only CT had a significant effect on these parameters in the MLN and intestinal PP. Ongoing studies will determine the molecular signaling (i.e., cytokines and homing receptors) triggered by the transcutaneous application of CT vs. EdTx to affect systemic vs. mucosal tissues. (Supported by NIH Grant: AI 43197)
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48

Lavrynenko, Olga, Moulika Baireddy, Srilekha Bodepudi, Hector Santos, James Cortez, Olga Zemlianitsyna, and Fernando Sanchez. "Peritoneal and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Postpartum Female with Elevated Cancer Antigen 125 and Ascites." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7012943.

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Background. Peritoneal tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and presents a challenging diagnosis because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations. Peritoneal TB mimics other pathologies, including abdominal carcinomatosis, especially when the patient presents with ascites and an elevated cancer antigen (CA)-125 levels. Case Presentation. A postpartum 20-year-old Hispanic female recently discharged after transverse cesarean surgery, presented to the ER with fever, chills, edema, abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting. The patient was febrile, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Chest X-ray demonstrated alveolar and interstitial consolidations; chest CT revealed tree-in-bud opacities in the right lower lobe, suggestive of atypical (TB)/fungal infection. CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated ascites, omental thickening, peritoneal thickening, and mesenteric adenopathy, suggestive of carcinomatosis. She was admitted with a presumed diagnosis of sepsis secondary to pneumonia and started empirically on broad-spectrum antibiotics without clinical improvement. A battery of oncology markers was ordered and revealed a mildly elevated cancer antigen (CA)-125. Diagnostic paracentesis showed lymphocytic predominance with positive mycobacteria PCR, elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA), and no malignant cells. Subsequently, the sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain returned positive for tuberculosis, confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. A peritoneal biopsy was obtained and demonstrated caseating granulomas consistent with peritoneal tuberculosis. The patient was started on standard antituberculosis therapy with clinical improvement. Conclusions. This case highlights the need for a high-level of suspicion for peritoneal tuberculosis in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis who presents with intra-abdominal ascites, omental thickening, peritoneal thickening, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, despite the presence of an elevated CA-125 level.
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Subramanian, Niranjana, Haritha Sagili, Parvathi Naik, and Jayalakshmi Durairaj. "Imaging as an alternate diagnostic modality in a presumptive case of abdominopelvic TB in a COVID-19 patient." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (March 2021): e241882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-241882.

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A 30-year-old, multiparous widow, with postpolio residual paralysis, presented with complaints of dull aching abdominal pain for 15 days. Ultrasound showed a mixed echogenic right adnexal mass with free fluid in the pelvis and abdomen. CT abdomen and pelvis revealed partially defined peripherally enhancing collection in lower abdomen and right adnexa suggestive of tubo-ovarian abscess. There was mild ileal wall thickening and few enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Ascitic fluid did not show acid fast bacilli and cultures were sterile. Extensive diagnostic laboratory work was done which was inconclusive. Diagnostic laparoscopy could not be performed due to non-availability of elective operation theatre in the COVID-19 pandemic. Presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis was clinically and radiologically diagnosed. She was started on daily anti tuberculosis treatment. This case shows us the importance of imaging as a diagnostic tool and as an alternative for laparoscopy in COVID-19 pandemic to diagnose abdomino-pelvic tuberculosis.
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Shrestha, Richa, Anup Sharma, Pooja Baidya, and Milan Adhikari. "Pancreatic Tuberculosis: A Case Report." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 21, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v21i1.58303.

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Introduction: Pancreatic tuberculosis is a rare condition even in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence. It can mimic pancreatic carcinoma in symptoms and radiological studied. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is common in organs like liver, bowel, spleen, peritoneum and mesenteric lymphnodes than pancreas which is suggestive to have protective role because of its secretions. Case presentation: A 71 year female presented with abdominal pain with no history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Radiological studies suggested pancreatic carcinoma. Laparotomy was performed and Whipple’s pancreatoduodenctomy specimen was sent to histopathology department along with regional lymphnodes. On gross examination, a mass was noted in uncinate process. Histopathological examination revealed chronic inflammatory granulomatous reaction with Langhan’s giant cells and areas of caseous necrosis. The Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain confirmed the presence of acid-fast bacilli diagnosing pancreatic tuberculosis. Conclusion: Tuberculosis should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses, especially in immunocompromised patients, as the outcome to antituberculosis treatment is very favorable.
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