Journal articles on the topic 'Bacillus genera'
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Mukhtar, Salma, Samina Mehnaz, Muhammad Sajjad Mirza, Babur Saeed Mirza, and Kauser Abdulla Malik. "Diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial community in the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil of halophytes (Salsola stocksii and Atriplex amnicola), and characterization of osmoregulatory genes in halophilic Bacilli." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 8 (August 2018): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0544.
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Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses; a total of 3% of the world’s land mass is affected by salinity. Approximately 6.3 million hectares of land in Pakistan is affected by salinity to varying degrees, and most of the areas are arid to semiarid with low annual precipitation. The aim of the present study is to identify and characterize Bacillus and Bacillus-derived bacterial genera from the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil samples from the Khewra Salt Mine, Pakistan, by using culture-independent and -dependent methods. Seven Bacillus-like bacterial genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus, Virgibacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Tumebacillus, and Lysinibacillus, were detected by using pyrosequencing analysis, whereas only four genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Virgibacillus, were identified by culture-dependent methods. Most of the Bacillus-like isolates identified in this study were moderately halophilic, alkaliphilic, and mesophilic bacteria and were considered a good source of hydrolytic enzymes because of their ability to degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Eight Bacillus-like strains from the genera Bacillus, Halobacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Virgibacillus showed positive results for the presence of ectABC gene cluster (ectoine), six strains could synthesize betaine from choline, and six strains tested positive for the synthesis of proline from either glutamate or ornithine by using proline dehydrogenase enzyme.
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Kiseleva, Elena Pavlovna, Konstantin Igorevich Mikhailopulo, Alena Ivanovna Ladutska, and Galina Ivanovna Novik. "Methodological approach to the study of dynamics of specific concentration of cell wall antigens per cell of Bacillus species and examples of its application." EuroBiotech Journal 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.10.
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Abstract Background: Nonpathogenic Bacillus strains are used in biotechnology, and pathogenic Bacillus strains are cause of food borne disease. It explains the relevance of the methods of detection and quantification of whole cell and cell components of these bacteria. Aims: Development of methodological approach for investigation of dynamics of specific concentration of cell wall antigens per cell of bacilli without solubilization of cell wall during sample preparation; using of the approach with 6 strains of bacilli as an example. Method: ELISA. Results: Methodological approach for investigation of dynamics of specific concentration of bacilli cell wall antigens has been developed. The distinctive features of the approach are rabbit polyclonal antibodies to genera-specific antigens of bacilli as key reagent and lack of need for solubilization of cell wall during sample preparation. It was shown using 6 strains of Bacilli as an example that specific concentration of cell wall antigens per cell vary according to bacillus strain, stage of culture growth and media composition. The data will find an application in biotechnology of clinical diagnostics and test-systems for food control including detection of whole bacillus cells.
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Liu, Min, Ying Cui, Yuqing Chen, Xiangzhi Lin, Huiqin Huang, and Shixiang Bao. "Diversity ofBacillus-like bacterial community in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 3 (March 2017): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0449.
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Members of the genus Bacillus and related spore-forming genera are ubiquitous. However, Bacillus-like species isolated from marine sediments have attracted less interest than their terrestrial relatives. Here, we investigated the diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial communities in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China, using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, and present the first report on this subject. We also discovered some potential novel species from the sediment samples. Four families, Bacillaceae (58%), Paenibacillaceae (22%), Alicyclobacillaceae (15%), and Planococcaceae (5%), and 9 genera, Bacillus (42%), Paenibacillus (16%), Halobacillus (13%), Alicyclobacillus (11%), Rummeliibacillus (5%), Cohnella (5%), Tumebacillus (4%), Pontibacillus (3%), and Aneurinibacillus (2%), were identified by pyrosequencing. In contrast, only 4 genera, Bacillus (57%), Paenibacillus (23%), Halobacillus (14%), and Virgibacillus (6%), were detected by the culture-dependent method. In the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the isolates HB12036 and HB12037 were closest to Bacillus okuhidensis Kh10-101Tand Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14Twith similarities of 94.8% and 95.9%, respectively, indicating that these were novel species. Bacillus sp. HB12035 and HB12040 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus sp. HB12033 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Ustilago scitaminea Syd.
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Němečková, I., K. Solichová, P. Roubal, B. Uhrová, and E. Šviráková. "Methods for detection of Bacillus sp., B. cereus, and B. licheniformis in raw milk." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, Special Issue (January 4, 2012): S55—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/313/2011-cjfs.
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Totally 75 raw milk samples were analysed with the methods employing the media compared – MYPA, PEMBA, Brilliance<sup>TM</sup> Bacillus cereus agar, and HiCrome Bacillus agar. The reference method with MYPA seems to be the most suitable for dairy plants laboratories because there is only low risk of mistaken identity. However, the samples containing miscellaneous micro-flora should be heat-inactivated before plating. Both positive and negative strains (totally 132) were isolated. Twelve strains, which could cause problems in the evaluation of the plates, were selected and identified by phenotyping and by PCR methods for Bacillus sp., B. cereus, and B. licheniformis. The PCR methods differed in their selectivity within particular bacilli group, within genera Bacillus, and within raw milk microflora.
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Bhandari, Vaibhav, Nadia Z. Ahmod, Haroun N. Shah, and Radhey S. Gupta. "Molecular signatures for Bacillus species: demarcation of the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus clades in molecular terms and proposal to limit the placement of new species into the genus Bacillus." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_7 (July 1, 2013): 2712–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.048488-0.
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The genus Bacillus is a phylogenetically incoherent taxon with members of the group lacking a common evolutionary history. Comprising aerobic and anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, no characteristics are known that can distinguish species of this genus from other similar endospore-forming genera. With the availability of complete genomic data from over 30 different species from this group, we have constructed detailed phylogenetic trees to determine the relationships among Bacillus and other closely related taxa. Additionally, we have performed comparative genomic analysis for the determination of molecular markers, in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs), to assist in the understanding of relationships among species of the genus Bacillus in molecular terms. Based on the analysis, we report here the identification of 11 and 6 CSIs that clearly differentiate a ‘ Bacillus subtilis clade’ and a ‘ Bacillus cereus clade’, respectively, from all other species of the genus Bacillus . No molecular markers were identified that supported a larger clade within this genus. The subtilis and the cereus clades were also the largest observed monophyletic groupings among species from the genus Bacillus in the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and those based upon concatenated sequences for 20 conserved proteins. Thus, the relationships observed among these groups of species through CSIs are independently well supported by phylogenetic analysis. The molecular markers identified in this study provide a reliable means for the reorganization of the currently polyphyletic genus Bacillus into a more evolutionarily consistent set of groups. It is recommended that the genus Bacillus sensu stricto should comprise only the monophyletic subtilis clade that is demarcated by the identified CSIs, with B. subtilis as its type species. Members of the adjoining cereus clade (referred to as the Cereus clade of bacilli), although they are distinct from the subtilis clade, will also retain the Bacillus genus name as they contain several clinically important species, and their transfer into a new genus could have serious consequences. However, all other species that are currently part of the genus Bacillus and not part of these two clades should be eventually transferred to other genera. We also propose that all novel species of the genus Bacillus must meet minimal requirements, foremost among which is that the branching of the prospective species with the Bacillus sensu stricto clade or the Cereus clade of bacilli should be strongly supported by 16S rRNA gene sequence trees or trees based upon concatenated protein sequences. Additionally, the presence of one or more of the CSIs that are specific for these clades may be used to confirm molecularly the placement of the species into these clades. The identified CSIs, in addition to their usefulness for taxonomic and diagnostic purposes, also provide novel probes for genetic and biochemical studies of these bacteria.
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Ervina, Ema, Cristina Nugroho Ekowati, Sumardi Sumardi, and Emantis Rosa. "Lipolytic-screening of Bacillus genera as Biocontrol candidate In Coffee Plantation." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.12.
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Problems in decreasing coffee production one of them caused by plant pests attack. Countermeasures using pesticides and disinfectants are not effective because they have long effects and ruining the environment also pest resistance. It is necessary to prevent a more environmentally friendly way by utilizing a natural enemy in the form of a microorganism, the genus Bacillus. Lipase can hydrolyze lipids so that it can be used to degrade lipid substrates that compile the body structure of pests and diseases. This research aims to detect the lipolytic activity of Bacillus isolates from coffee plantations. The results of this research obtained 3 isolates of Bacillus namely T1, T2, and T3 which have differences in cell configuration and variations in the location of endospores. Furthermore, Bacillus isolates were detected lipolytic activity by growing isolates on lipase selective medium. Isolates that have the largest lipolytic activity are T2 isolate codes with an average index of 6.01 and the lowest lipolytic activity, namely, isolate T1 codes with an average index of 4.58.
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Gupta, Radhey S., Sudip Patel, Navneet Saini, and Shu Chen. "Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 5753–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004475.
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To clarify the evolutionary relationships and classification of Bacillus species, comprehensive phylogenomic and comparative analyses were performed on >300 Bacillus/Bacillaceae genomes. Multiple genomic-scale phylogenetic trees were initially reconstructed to identify different monophyletic clades of Bacillus species. In parallel, detailed analyses were performed on protein sequences of genomes to identify conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are specific for each of the identified clades. We show that in different reconstructed trees, most of the Bacillus species, in addition to the Subtilis and Cereus clades, consistently formed 17 novel distinct clades. Additionally, some Bacillus species reliably grouped with the genera Alkalicoccus, Caldalkalibacillus, Caldibacillus, Salibacterium and Salisediminibacterium . The distinctness of identified Bacillus species clades is independently strongly supported by 128 identified CSIs which are unique characteristics of these clades, providing reliable means for their demarcation. Based on the strong phylogenetic and molecular evidence, we are proposing that these 17 Bacillus species clades should be recognized as novel genera, with the names Alteribacter gen. nov., Ectobacillus gen. nov., Evansella gen. nov., Ferdinandcohnia gen. nov., Gottfriedia gen. nov., Heyndrickxia gen. nov., Lederbergia gen. nov., Litchfieldia gen. nov., Margalitia gen. nov., Niallia gen. nov., Priestia gen. nov., Robertmurraya gen. nov., Rossellomorea gen. nov., Schinkia gen. nov., Siminovitchia gen. nov., Sutcliffiella gen. nov. and Weizmannia gen. nov. We also propose to transfer ‘ Bacillus kyonggiensi s’ to Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. (type strain: NB22=JCM 17569T=DSM 26768). Additionally, we report 31 CSIs that are unique characteristics of either the members of the Subtilis clade (containing the type species B. subtilis ) or the Cereus clade (containing B. anthracis and B. cereus ). As most Bacillus species which are not part of these two clades can now be assigned to other genera, we are proposing an emended description of the genus Bacillus to restrict it to only the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades.
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Pannucci, James, Richard T. Okinaka, Robert Sabin, and Cheryl R. Kuske. "Bacillus anthracis pXO1 Plasmid Sequence Conservation among Closely Related Bacterial Species." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.1.134-141.2002.
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ABSTRACT The complete sequencing and annotation of the 181.7-kb Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pXO1 predicted 143 genes but could only assign putative functions to 45. Hybridization assays, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing were used to determine whether pXO1 open reading frame (ORF) sequences were present in other bacilli and more distantly related bacterial genera. Eighteen Bacillus species isolates and four other bacterial species were tested for the presence of 106 pXO1 ORFs. Three ORFs were conserved in most of the bacteria tested. Many of the pXO1 ORFs were detected in closely related Bacillus species, and some were detected only in B. anthracis isolates. Three isolates, Bacillus cereus D-17, B. cereus 43881, and Bacillus thuringiensis 33679, contained sequences that were similar to more than one-half of the pXO1 ORF sequences examined. The majority of the DNA fragments that were amplified by PCR from these organisms had DNA sequences between 80 and 98% similar to that of pXO1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed large potential plasmids present in both B. cereus 43881 (341 kb) and B. thuringiensis ATCC 33679 (327 kb) that hybridized with a DNA probe composed of six pXO1 ORFs.
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Suárez-Contreras, Liliana Yanet, and Luz Francy Yañez-Meneses. "16S rRNA as an applied tool in the molecular characterization of genera and species of bacteria." Respuestas 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.2430.
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Bacterial identification is carried out by conventional methods based on phenotypic characteristics, since their implementation and costs are more easily accessible. However, molecular identification allows us to know the true identity of the genus and species. The molecular identification of 24 bacterial strains preserved in the Strain Bank of the University Francisco de Paula Santander, Campos Eliseos Experimental Center, identified under macroscopic and microscopic phenotypic criteria, was carried out. Initially, the strains preserved in saline solution were reactivated and characterized macro- and microscopically, then DNA extraction was performed and PCR was done to amplify the 16S rRNA region allowing access to the DNA sequence of interest; the samples were sent to be sequenced and through bioinformatic tools the identity of each bacterium was known. The strains: BLB003, BLB009, BLB011, BLB012, BLB014, BLB016, BLB018, BLB022, BLB023, BLB024, BLB033, were identified as Bacillus cereus; BLB010 as Bacillus thurigiensis; while BLB030, BLB031, BLB032, as Bacillus pumilus; BLB020 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; BLB001, BLB004, BLB007, and BLB037, formed the group of Bacillus subtilis; and it is possible that there are divergent ramifications between species of Bacillus in phylogenetic trees. Another grouping that was observed in the phylogenetic tree are the strains BLB019 and BLB029 that correspond to Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Alcaligenes faecalis respectively. Also another group BLB013 and BLB017, were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. It is important to take into account that sometimes 16S rRNA presents a low discrimination capacity for some genera and species due to recent divergences, it is necessary to complement the identification with the study of other genes.
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Kämpfer, Peter, Stefanie P. Glaeser, and Hans-Jürgen Busse. "Transfer of Bacillus schlegelii to a novel genus and proposal of Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii gen. nov., comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_5 (May 1, 2013): 1723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.045146-0.
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Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of species currently assigned to the genus Bacillus has shown an extensive intrageneric phylogenetic heterogeneity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of Bacillus schlegelii ATCC 43741T shows only 82.2–85.9 % sequence similarity to type strains of other members of the genus Bacillus and <88.5 % sequence similarity to recognised species of the most closely related genera, Calditerricola (88.4–88.5 %), Planifilum (87.3–87.8 %) and Caldalkalibacillus (87.2−87.9 %). Furthermore, B. schlegelii ATCC 43741T could not be assigned to an existing family by phylogenetic analysis. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Both the polar lipid profile and the fatty acid composition clearly distinguished B. schlegelii DSM 2000T from the type species of the genus Bacillus , Bacillus subtilis . Hence, there is no evidence for a clear phenotypic grouping of this organism into the genus Bacillus nor to the genera Calditerricola , Caldalkalibacillus or Planifilum . A proposal is made to transfer Bacillus schlegelii to a novel genus and species, Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii gen. nov., comb. nov., and to emend the species description. The type strain of the type species is DSM 2000T ( = ATCC 43741T = CCUG 26017T = CIP 106933T).
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Banach, Artur, Agnieszka Kuźniar, Radosław Mencfel, and Agnieszka Wolińska. "The Study on the Cultivable Microbiome of the Aquatic Fern Azolla Filiculoides L. as New Source of Beneficial Microorganisms." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 26, 2019): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102143.
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The aim of the study was to determine the still not completely described microbiome associated with the aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides. During the experiment, 58 microbial isolates (43 epiphytes and 15 endophytes) with different morphologies were obtained. We successfully identified 85% of microorganisms and assigned them to 9 bacterial genera: Achromobacter, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Delftia, Agrobacterium, and Alcaligenes (epiphytes) as well as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Acinetobacter (endophytes). We also studied an A. filiculoides cyanobiont originally classified as Anabaena azollae; however, the analysis of its morphological traits suggests that this should be renamed as Trichormus azollae. Finally, the potential of the representatives of the identified microbial genera to synthesize plant growth-promoting substances such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cellulase and protease enzymes, siderophores and phosphorus (P) and their potential of utilization thereof were checked. Delftia sp. AzoEpi7 was the only one from all the identified genera exhibiting the ability to synthesize all the studied growth promoters; thus, it was recommended as the most beneficial bacteria in the studied microbiome. The other three potentially advantageous isolates (Micrococcus sp. AzoEndo14, Agrobacterium sp. AzoEpi25 and Bacillus sp. AzoEndo3) displayed 5 parameters: IAA (excluding Bacillus sp. AzoEndo3), cellulase, protease, siderophores (excluding Micrococcus sp. AzoEndo14), as well as mineralization and solubilization of P (excluding Agrobacterium sp. AzoEpi25).
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Raimondi, Stefano, Gloria Spampinato, Laura Ioana Macavei, Linda Lugli, Francesco Candeliere, Maddalena Rossi, Lara Maistrello, and Alberto Amaretti. "Effect of Rearing Temperature on Growth and Microbiota Composition of Hermetia illucens." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060902.
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The potential utilization of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present study, larvae and prepupae of H. illucens were reared at 20, 27, and 33 °C, to determine whether temperature affects the whole insect microbiota, described using microbiological risk assessment techniques and 16S rRNA gene survey. The larvae efficiently grew across the tested temperatures. Higher temperatures promoted faster larval development and greater final biomass but also higher mortality. Viable Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Listeriaceae, and Salmonella were detected in prepupae. Campylobacter and Listeriaceae counts got higher with the increasing temperature. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the microbiota of larvae was dominated by Providencia (>60%) and other Proteobateria (mainly Klebsiella) and evolved to a more complex composition in prepupae, with a bloom of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Bacilli, while Providencia was still present as the main component. Prepupae largely shared the microbiota with the frass where it was reared, except for few lowly represented taxa. The rearing temperature was negatively associated with the amount of Providencia, and positively associated with a variety of other genera, such as Alcaligenes, Pseudogracilibacillus, Bacillus, Proteus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Bordetella, Pseudomonas, and Kerstersia. With respect to the microbiological risk assessment, attention should be paid to abundant genera, such as Bacillus, Myroides, Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella, which encompass species described as opportunistic pathogens, bearing drug resistances or causing severe morbidity.
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McSpadden Gardener, Brian B. "Ecology of Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. in Agricultural Systems." Phytopathology® 94, no. 11 (November 2004): 1252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.11.1252.
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Diverse populations of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria occur in agricultural fields and may directly and indirectly contribute to crop productivity. This paper describes recent advances in our understanding of the ecology of Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. and how different subpopulations of these two genera can promote crop health. The abundance, diversity, and distribution of native populations and inoculant strains in agricultural fields have been characterized using a variety of methods. While native populations of these two genera occur abundantly in most agricultural soils, plant tissues are differentially colonized by distinct subpopulations. Multiple Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. can promote crop health in a variety of ways. Some populations suppress plant pathogens and pests by producing antibiotic metabolites, while others may directly stimulate plant host defenses prior to infection. Some strains can also stimulate nutrient uptake by plants, either by promoting rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses or by fixing atmospheric nitrogen directly. Despite a wealth of new information on the genetics and physiology of Bacillus and related species, a better understanding of the microbial ecology of these two genera must be developed. To this end, several important, but unanswered, questions related to the ecological significance and potential for managing the beneficial activities of these bacteria are discussed.
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Ragasová, Lucia, Eliška Peňázová, Filip Gazdík, Jakub Pečenka, Jana Čechová, Robert Pokluda, Miroslav Baránek, Dariusz Grzebelus, and Aleš Eichmeier. "The Change of Bacterial Spectrum after Storage of X. campestris pv. campestris Inoculated Cabbage Heads (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030443.
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Changes in the bacterial spectrum of cabbage heads after storage under commonly used storage conditions were examined in this study. Cabbage seeds (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) were artificially inoculated with X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), a serious pathogen of cruciferous plants causing black rot. Isolation of bacterial cultures from Xcc-inoculated and non-inoculated cabbage heads were carried out in two time points—at the day of harvest and after four months of storage. According to our previous research and literature reports, the most frequent genera of bacteria were chosen for PCR testing, i.e., Bacillus cereus group, Bacillus subtilis group, Pseudomonas sp., and X. campestris pv. campestris. A few of the obtained bacterial cultures were negative for the four above-mentioned species. In those, other bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. In both Xcc-inoculated and non-inoculated cabbage heads, changes of the bacterial spectrum over time were observed. The severity of Xcc infection of heads increased after four months of storage. Bacillus species represented the most frequently occurring bacterial genus. The presence of the Bacillus subtilis group increased significantly after storage in non-inoculated cabbage heads. The minor part of the other genera identified by sequencing in the first sampling were not detected in the stored cabbage heads. This was associated with a possible antagonistic behavior of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.
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Itsouhou, Ngo, Nguimbi Etienne, Kayath Aimé Christian, and Ampa Raoul. "Molecular Identification, Phylogenetic Classification and Proteolytic Capacity of Cultivable Bacteria Isolated from Soils in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v7i2.475.
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Soils present a biodiversity of bacteria, part of this microflora is cultivable, it can be estimated, characterized and identified. Four zones each comprising three sites were sampled in Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo. Phenotypic characterization, molecular identification and proteolytic capacity of soil bacteria were conducted. One of the factors, the pH was measured, the pH values were between 6 and 7. From the classical microbiology techniques, we counted the total flora of the microorganisms in (CFU / g.103), it is between 47 ± 11.2 and 214 ± 58.2 and that of bacteria of the genus Bacillus from 51.3 ± 5.0 to 74 ± 30.7. Cocci and bacilli were obtained, Gram- and Gram + bacteria distinguished, all bacteria were catalase +, some had sporulation, others not. Thirty-one (31) isolates were phenotypically characterized and 16S rDNA PCR was performed. Ten (10) strains were sequenced and the phylogenetic classification of the identified strains presented. Blastn's research on the 16S rDNA sequences of the different strains shows similarity rates (96.77% -100%) and E. value (9.00E-93 -0.0), these two indices allowed the identification of the strains studied. The percentages of the identified strains are as follows: Bacillus cereus (20%) = MN6 and MN14, Bacillus pumilus (10%) = MN7, Bacillus thuringiensis (10%) = MN12, B sp. (10%) = MN17, Bacillus subtilis (10%) = MN26, Staphylococcus haemolyticus (10%) = MN8, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (10%) = MN21, Staphylococcus sp. (10%) = MN22, Staphylococcus gallinarum (10%) = MN24. The phylogenetic tree shows that the bacteria belong to two main monophyletic genera, the genus Bacillus and the genus Staphylococcus. The proteolytic capacity of Bacillus bacteria was assessed in parallel with growth. The optical density was between (0.8- 0.93) and proteolytic enzyme production between (9-20mm). The parallelism between growth and enzymatic production shows that the two phenomena are distinct.
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Wafula, Eliud Nalianya, and Sylvia Injete Murunga. "Isolation and Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria from Lake Ol’Bolossat Sediments, Kenya." Modern Applied Science 14, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n10p37.
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Phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria have a vital role in improving soil fertility and reverting adversely affected soil properties. These bacteria could contribute towards sustainable agriculture with a focus on reducing excessive use of commercial fertilizers. This study aimed at investigating autochthonous populations of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria from Lake Ol’Bolossat sediments. The total microbial counts ranged between 4.8 x 103 to 8.5 x 105 cfu/ml. A total of 50 bacteria were isolated, 34 were obtained from Pikovskaya’s agar medium while 16 were obtained from Norris Glucose Nitrogen free medium. Based on morphological and 16S rRNA gene analyses, the isolates were clustered under the genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Fictibacillus and Acinetobacter. Among potentially novel strains, four strains NFDA2, PKGBC1 (MT799539), PKGB5 and SCEC2 (MT799543) belonged to genus Bacillus, three strains NFGA1 (MT799529), NFGA4 and SCDB3 belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, two strains NFEB6 (MT799528) and NFDC5 belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, one strain PKHC3 (MT7995441) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter while one strain NFDC4, belonged to the genus Acinetobacter. Generally, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria were the most diverse and genera Bacillus, Fictibacillus and Pseudomonas were the most dominant, however, nitrogen-fixing bacteria were dominated by genera Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas.
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Fritze, Dagmar. "Taxonomy of the Genus Bacillus and Related Genera: The Aerobic Endospore-Forming Bacteria." Phytopathology® 94, no. 11 (November 2004): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.11.1245.
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The conspicuous morphological feature of endospore formation has lent itself from early on as an easily recognized property for taxonomic differentiation. Prior to 1980, the year of the compilation of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, four genera of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria had been established, with the genus Bacillus being the largest and most prominent. However, modern developments in taxonomic methodology have helped to reveal an enormous breadth in physiological and genetical diversity within the groups of aerobic bacteria that have endospore formation as a common trait. To better reflect this existing diversity and to provide more appropriate taxonomic arrangements, numerous valid descriptions of new genera and new species have been realized as well as many reclassifications that became necessary. Today, the group of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria embraces more than 25 genera and over 200 species.
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Ortiz, Aurelio, and Estibaliz Sansinenea. "Chemical Compounds Produced by Bacillus sp. Factories and Their Role in Nature." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 5 (February 21, 2019): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557518666180829113612.
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Microorganisms are able to produce hundreds of unique chemical structures that can be effectively used by the human beings on their own benefit using the products in the chemical industry. Bacteria belonging to Bacillus genera are very good chemical factories capable to synthesize different compounds with a wide variety of activities. In this review, we try to review the compounds with their respective biological activities produced by different species of Bacillus.
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Kuzmina, L. Yu, T. N. Arkhipova, G. E. Aktuganov, N. F. Galimzianova, S. P. Chetverikov, and A. I. Melentiev. "Bacteria belonging to genera Advenella, Bacillus and Pseudomonas as a promising biopreparations base for horticulture." Biomics 10, no. 1 (2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2018-4.
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Valappil, Sabeel P., Aldo R. Boccaccini, Christopher Bucke, and Ipsita Roy. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Gram-positive bacteria: insights from the genera Bacillus and Streptomyces." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 91, no. 1 (October 3, 2006): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-006-9095-5.
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JAY, J. M. "A Review of Recent Taxonomic Changes in Seven Genera of Bacteria Commonly Found in Foods." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 1304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.7.1304.
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The purpose of this review is to call attention to the new approaches now in use that classify bacteria primarily on the basis of phylogenetic criteria. The primary laboratory methods for ascertaining phylogenetic relationships entail the use of 16S rRNA and DNA sequence comparisons. These methods have been applied to some long-established genera of bacteria of importance in foods, and seven genera (Bacillus, Clostridium, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Xanthomonas) are summarized in this review. Some 121 species and strains from these seven genera were recently transferred to 36 newly created genera. The new genera consist of general environmental contaminants and some food spoilage species. To date, significant taxonomic changes have not been reported for foodborne pathogens. These taxonomic shifts need to be examined with respect to the utility of widely used microscopic, cultural, and serologic methods for future use in food microbiology. Phylogeny-based detection and identification methods for foodborne bacteria must be further developed for larger numbers of foodborne genera in order to keep up with the current trends in taxonomy.
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Swaathy, Sreethar, Varadharajan Kavitha, Arockiasamy Sahaya Pravin, Ganesan Sekaran, Asit Baran Mandal, and Arumugam Gnanamani. "Phylogenetic Framework and Biosurfactant Gene Expression Analysis of Marine Bacillus spp. of Eastern Coastal Plain of Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Bacteriology 2014 (February 12, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/860491.
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The present study emphasizes the diversity assessment of marine Bacillus species with special reference to biosurfactant production, respective gene expression, and discrimination among Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis. Among the 200 individual species of eastern coastal plain of Tamil Nadu screened, five biosurfactant producing potential bacterial species with entirely different morphology were selected. Biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that all the said five species belong to Bacillus genera but differ in species levels. Biosurfactant of all the five species fluctuates in greater levels with respect to activity as well as to constituents but showed partial similarity to the commercially available surfactin. The expression of srf gene was realized in all of the five species. However, the sfp gene expression was observed only in three species. In conclusion, both B. licheniformis and B. subtilis demonstrate srf gene; nevertheless, sfp gene was expressed only by Bacillus subtilis.
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Paz-Delgado, Jorge Adrián, and Angélica Rodríguez-Dorantes. "Endophyte bacteria growth promotion effect on Lemna gibba plants." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2021.811.001.
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Duckweeds a kind of aquatic plants classified as macrophytes, have been considered as nutrient pumps that can help to reduce the eutrophication effects. Studies of endophyte associates focused to their functional analysis contributing the knowledge of plant microbe interactions. This work compared the phytohormones in vitro production efficiency of endophyte bacteria isolated from Lemna gibba plants and their plant growth promoting effect in this plant species. Five endophyte bacteria belonging to Bacillus genera and named: Bacillus sp. strain Fb1, Bacillus sp. strain Fb2, Bacillus sp. strain Fb3, Bacillus sp. strain Fb4 and Bacillus sp. strain Fb5 were isolated. The IAA quantified as basal and inherent production without the addition of the amino acid tryptophan showed that Bacillus sp. strain Fb1, Bacillus sp. strain Fb3 and Bacillus sp. strain Fb5, were considered as higher producers (24.21, 25.44 and 30.8 μg/mL, respectively). Even the effect of plant growth (EPG) on Lemna gibba plants was between 40 to 70 %; a suitable promoting activity by the endophyte bacteria tested was obtained, and could be associated with their IAA production. This work contributes to the knowledge of the phytobacteria diversity in aquatic plants, particularly in Lemnaceae species; here the five endophyte bacteria could be candidates to be recommended as biostimulants.
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Sulistiyani, Tri Ratna, Mia Kusmiati, and Gita Azizah Putri. "The 16S rRNA Analysis and Enzyme Screening of Bacillus from Rhizosphere Soil of Lombok Island." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.4.582.
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Bacillus are commonly found in nature, especially in soil and food. It has the ability to produce bioactive compounds as well as the enzyme. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and screen their enzyme activities. Four soil samples from Mandalika, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), were used for isolation. Bacillus was isolated using the heat-shock method and characterized through Gram staining, endospore staining, and morphological phenotype. Bacillus identification was conducted based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The hydrolytic enzyme activities were checked qualitatively using selective media, and the enzyme tested including amylase, galactosidase, lipase, protease, and cellulase. As many as twenty-two bacteria isolates were obtained from four soil samples and represented 15 distinct species. The member of bacteria genera successfully identified, consisted of Bacillus sp., Brevibacillus sp., and Fictibacillus sp. Bacillus sp. was the most isolated. Some of the isolated bacteria have the ability to produce lipase, protease, and cellulase that potential to be used in biotechnology processes.
Keywords: Bacillus, hydrolytic enzymes, identification, screening
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Hatayama, Kouta, Hirofumi Shoun, Yasuichi Ueda, and Akira Nakamura. "Tuberibacillus calidus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a compost pile and reclassification of Bacillus naganoensis Tomimura et al. 1990 as Pullulanibacillus naganoensis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Bacillus laevolacticus Andersch et al. 1994 as Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64303-0.
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Two thermophilic strains, designated 607T and 606b, were isolated from a compost pile in Japan. The novel strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming rods. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains 607T and 606b were closely related to Bacillus naganoensis (94.0–94.1 % similarity) and separated from clusters of the related genera Bacillus (<91.9 %) and Sporolactobacillus (91.0–92.5 %). In addition, some chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics of strains 607T and 606b differed from those of B. naganoensis and the two related genera. Several differences in physiological characteristics and 16S–23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer region nucleotide sequences were observed between strains 607T and 606b; however, DNA–DNA hybridization indicated that these two strains belonged to the same species. From these results, it is proposed that strains 607T and 606b represent the type species of a new genus, Tuberibacillus calidus gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain 607T (=JCM 13397T=DSM 17572T) as the type strain. In addition, the results of phylogenetic analyses, as well as chemotaxonomic and physiological characterization, indicated that B. naganoensis and Bacillus laevolacticus did not belong to the genus Bacillus. Based on these results, it is proposed that B. naganoensis and B. laevolacticus should be transferred to Pullulanibacillus naganoensis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus comb. nov., respectively.
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Burovinskaya, Margarita, Lyubov Maslienko, and Eugeniya Yurchenko. "Antimycotic activity of bacterial strains against the pathogen of grape necrotic leaf spotting Alternaria sp." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125405004.
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Species of the genera Bacillus Cohn and Pseudomonas Migula are successfully used as biocontrol agents for many mycopathogens, including Alternaria sp. To assess the bacteria antagonistic potential against Alternaria sp, we used the method of counter cultures on various nutrient media – universal and specialized. Of the 24 bacterial strains of the genus Bacillus, 18 strains were developed antagonistic activity to Alternaria sp. after 10 days of co-cultivation on the Tylona-3 medium. The maximum sterile zone (8.0 mm) was formed by bacterial strains (R-9, 5B-1, 01 cor f Bacillus sp.). 3 strains of 9 bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, developed antagonistic activity to Alternaria sp. on Kinga B medium - 14-3 Pseudomonas sp., Oif 2-1 Pseudomonas sp., 14-4 Pseudomonas sp. The maximum antibiotic activity on potato-sucrose agar was established in strains 3-3 Bacillus sp., and K 1-1 Bacillus sp. (sterile zone 7.5 mm). All the tested bacteria most often caused one sign of antagonism – antibiosis.
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NAKANO, SHIGERU, TORU KOBAYASHI, KENICHI FUNABIKI, ATSUSHI MATSUMURA, YASUHIRO NAGAO, and TOSHIHIRO YAMADA. "PCR Detection of Bacillus and Staphylococcus in Various Foods." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 1271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1271.
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A broad-range PCR assay for the detection of bacteria belonging to Bacillus and Staphylococcus genera was developed. Primers targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were newly designed and used in a PCR assay. To determine the specificity of the assay, 81 different bacterial strains (of 50 genera), 2 fungi, 3 animals, and 4 plants were tested. Results were positive for every tested Bacillus, Staphylococcus, or Aerococcus strain. In addition, the result for Listeria grayi was positive with lower PCR product. For all other bacterial strains and eukaryotes tested, results were negative. Bacterial DNA was prepared with the use of achromopeptidase and Chelex 100 resin from culture after growth in brain heart infusion medium. To test the sensitivity of this PCR assay for Bacillus or Staphylococcus genus, either Bacillus cereus or Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated into various foods with undetectable levels of endogenous microbial contamination as an indicator. Inoculation of bacteria at 10 to 30 CFU/g of food was followed by a 5-h enrichment culture step after which the PCR assay allowed the detection of bacterial cells. When the inoculation ( B. cereus or S. aureus) of 10 to 90 CFU/g into noodle foods containing endogenous microflora (103 to 105 CFU/g) was followed by a 6-h enrichment culture step, the PCR assay detected the bacteria. Including the enrichment culture step, the entire PCR detection process can be completed within 8.5 h.
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Zhang, Ke, Bibo Li, Mengmeng Guo, Gongwei Liu, Yuxin Yang, Xiaolong Wang, Yulin Chen, and Enping Zhang. "Maturation of the Goat Rumen Microbiota Involves Three Stages of Microbial Colonization." Animals 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121028.
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With increasing age, the rumen microbiota of new-born ruminants become central in the translation of fibrous feed substances into essential nutrients. However, the colonization process of the microbial community (especially fungal community) remains poorly understood in ruminants at pre-weaning stages. In this study, the rumen bacterial and fungal colonization processes were investigated in goats at eight stages using amplicon sequencing. For bacteria, we found 36 common core genera at D0, D3, D14, D28, and D56, including mainly Bacillus, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Prevotella_1, Lactococcus, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214. Firmicutes was the dominant phylum among the total microbiota in newborn goat kids (prior to nursing), while Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas were predominant genera. Interestingly, the proportion of Bacillus was as high as 55% in newborn animals. After milk nursing, the predominant phylum changed to Bacteroidetes, while the proportion of Bacillus and Lactobacillus was very low. CowPi was used to predict the functional gene pathways and we found increases in the abundance of genes associated with amino acid related enzymes, DNA repair and recombination proteins, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, and peptidases after D3. With regard to fungi, we found that there were 51 common genera at day 0 (D0), D3, D14, D28, and D56, including mainly Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Caecomyces. Aspergillus occupied approximately 47% at day 0, but then it decreased from day 3 to day 14. This study indicates that the core microbes of rumen emerged shortly after birth, but the abundance was very different from the core genus of the adult rumen. In addition, we also report a detailed scheme of the bacterial and fungal colonization process in rumens and propose three distinct stages during the rumen colonization process in pre-weaning goats, which will offer a reference for the development of milk substitutes for small ruminants.
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Lobakova, E. S., G. A. Dolnikova, E. A. Ivanova, D. A. Sanjieva, A. A. Burova, Kh S. Dzhabrailova, and A. G. Dedov. "Community of Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacteria in Petroleum Products on the example of Ts-1 Aviation Fuel and AI-95 Gasoline." Biotekhnologiya 37, no. 1 (2021): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-1-54-68.
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It has been shown that the studied petroleum products (kerosene and gasoline) contain microflocules of heterogeneous microbial biofilms, the cells of which are integrated into a polymer matrix containing acidic polysaccharides. Thirteen bacterial strains were microbiologically isolated from petroleum products, and their taxonomy was identified by the 16S rRNA sequence. Kerosene was characterized by a diverse bacterial composition including the following genera: Sphingobacterium, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus and Deinococcus, while gasoline bacterial community included only two genera: Bacillus and Paenibacillus. Representatives of the Deinococcus genera capable of growing on the hydrocarbons were isolated from fuels for the first time. The strains isolated from gasoline (Bacillus safensis Bi13 and Bacillus sp. Bi14) proved to be the most effective biodegraders of all n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the kerosene strain Rhodococcus erythropolis Bi6 effectively decomposed n-alkanes and trimethylbenzene. Both types of petroleum products contained hydrocarbon-oxidizing communities, some members of which were more active in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, while others were capable of producing biosurfactants and had either emulsifying activity (Deinococcus sp. Bi7) or cell wall hydrophobicity (Sphingobacterium sp. Bi5 from kerosene; Bacillus pumilus Bi12 from gasoline) significantly higher than the average level. The indicated properties of the studied strains make them promising for use in bioremediation. biodegradation, petroleum products, hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, bio-surfactants The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (topic no. 10.5422.2017/8.9.). Investigation of microbial potential in the use hydrocarbons was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no. 18-29-05067. Physicochemical research was performed within the framework of the state assignment to the TIPS RAS
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Tanu, FZ, and S. Hoque. "Bacterial Tolerance to Heavy Metal Contents Present in Contaminated and Uncontaminated Soils." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i2.28437.
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Present study dealt with identification of some heavy metal tolerant bacteria from contaminated industrial soils of Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) at Savar, tannery area at Hazaribagh and uncontaminated agricultural soils of Dhamrai and Kushtia in Bangladesh and determination of their tolerance to chromium (Cr6+) and cadmium (Cd2+). A total of 15 isolates from four soil samples were provisionally identified as different species of Bacillus, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Among them eight colonies were separated based on high level of heavy metal tolerance and identified at molecular level by PCR technique and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Micrococcus luteus strain P43 (E4), Bacillus pocheonensis strain TR2-6 (T6), Bacillus megaterium strain H2 (T8), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SCSAAB0007 (D10), Bacillus cereus isolate PGBw4 (D11), Bacillus cereus strain ES-4a1 (K12), Bacillus subtilis strain 1320, (K13), and Bacillus subtilis strain DP14 (K14). The Maximum Tolerable Concentration (MTC) of bacterial strains to Cr6+ and Cd2+ ranged between 250-1250 ?g/ml and 30-150 ?g/ml, respectively in nutrient broth medium. From the metal tolerance investigation Bacillus was found as the most heavy metal tolerant to both Cr6+ and Cd2+ among the three genera. The identified heavy metal tolerant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated environment.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 2, Dec 2012, pp 56-61
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Makuwa, Sephokoane Cindy, and Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini. "The Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Secondary Metabolites from Bacterial Endophytes Associated with Dicoma anomala." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (April 12, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8812043.
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Endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal plants are recognized valuable sources of novel bioactive compounds with various activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral. In this study, eleven bacterial endophytes were isolated from surface sterilized roots and leave tissues, of medicinal plant Dicoma anomala. The bacterial endophytes were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, and belong to five genera viz Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter, and Pantoea. The dominant genera were Bacillus with five strains, Staphylococcus with two strains, and Stenotrophomonas with two strains. The crude extracts of seven selected bacterial endophytes indicated antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876), Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Klebsiella oxytoca (ATCC 13182), with significant inhibition concentration ranging from 0.312 mg/ml to 0.625 mg/ml. Finally, based on the data analysis of the crude extracts of the endophytes, we identified bioactive secondary metabolites with reported biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties with biotechnological applications in medicine, agriculture, and other industries. This study reported for the first time bacterial endophytes associated with D. anomala, with antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens.
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WANG, YING, TIANLI YUE, YAHONG YUAN, and ZHENPENG GAO. "Isolation and Identification of Thermo-Acidophilic Bacteria from Orchards in China." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.390.
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Eight strains of thermo-acidophilic bacteria have been isolated from apple orchards in Shaanxi Province, China. The isolated strains were identified at the species level by comparing 16S rRNA gene sequences. It was found that all strains could be assigned to two genera. The strain YL-5 belonged to Alicyclobacillus, and other isolates belonged to Bacillus. The enzymatic patterns by the API ZYM system showed very significant differences between 12 strains of Alicyclobacillus and 8 strains of Bacillus. The ability of guaiacol production varied among different strains.
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Adelgareeva, A. Yu, S. N. Starikov, E. E. Stupak, and T. V. Markusheva. "SCREENING OF ENCODING CHLORAMPHENICOL RESISTANCE catA1 GENE IN THE BACTERIA OF TECHNOGENIC ECOTOPES." ÈKOBIOTEH 3, no. 4 (2020): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2020-3-4-722-726.
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The catA1 gene was screened in microorganisms of the Republic of Bashkortostan industrial ecotopes. Encoding antibiotic chloramphenicol enzymic inactivation catA1 - like sequences were not found in the bacteria of the Aeromonas, Agromyces, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Gluconobacter, Rhodococcus and Serratia genera.
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Wei Wang, Mi Sun. "Phylogenetic relationships between Bacillus species and related genera inferred from 16s rDNA sequences." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 3 (September 2009): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822009000300013.
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Fangio, Maria Florencia, Sara Ines Roura, and Rosalía Fritz. "Isolation and Identification of Bacillus spp. and Related Genera from Different Starchy Foods." Journal of Food Science 75, no. 4 (March 24, 2010): M218—M221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01566.x.
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Wang, Tiejun, Xiaoyu Wang, Wei Tian, Lunguang Yao, Yadong Li, Zhaojin Chen, and Hui Han. "Screening of Heavy Metal-Immobilizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Reducing Cd2+ and Pb2+ Concentrations in Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093122.
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Microbial immobilization is considered as a novel and environmentally friendly technology that uses microbes to reduce heavy metals accumulation in plants. To explore microbial resources which are useful in these applications, three water spinach rhizosphere soils polluted by different levels of heavy metals (heavy pollution (CQ), medium pollution (JZ), and relative clean (NF)) were collected. The community composition of heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soils and its effects on reducing the Cd2+ and Pb2+ concentrations in water spinach were evaluated. Four hundred strains were isolated from the CQ (belonging to 3 phyla and 14 genera), JZ (belonging to 4 phyla and 25 genera) and NF (belonged to 6 phyla and 34 genera) samples, respectively. In the CQ sample, 137 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+, giving Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal rates of greater than 80% in solution; Brevundimonas, Serratia, and Pseudoarthrobacter were the main genera. In total, 62 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the JZ sample and Bacillus and Serratia were the main genera. A total of 22 strains showed a strong ability to immobilize Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the NF sample, and Bacillus was the main genus. Compared to the control, Enterobacter bugandensis CQ-7, Bacillus thuringensis CQ-33, and Klebsiella michiganensis CQ-169 significantly increased the dry weight (17.16–148%) of water spinach and reduced the contents of Cd2+ (59.78–72.41%) and Pb2+ (43.36–74.21%) in water spinach. Moreover, the soluble protein and Vc contents in the shoots of water spinach were also significantly increased (72.1–193%) in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169 compared to the control. In addition, the contents of Cd and Pb in the shoots of water spinach meet the standard for limit of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in vegetables in the presence of strains CQ-7, CQ-33 and CQ-169. Thus, the results provide strains as resources and a theoretical basis for the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated farmlands for the safe production of vegetables.
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Elliott, Monica L., J. A. McInroy, K. Xiong, J. H. Kim, H. D. Skipper, and E. A. Guertal. "Taxonomic Diversity of Rhizosphere Bacteria in Golf Course Putting Greens at Representative Sites in the Southeastern United States." HortScience 43, no. 2 (April 2008): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.2.514.
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Taxonomic diversity of bacteria associated with golf course putting greens is a topic that has not been widely explored. The purpose of this project was to isolate and identify culturable bacteria from the rhizosphere of creeping bentgrass (Agrostris palustris Huds.) at two sites (Alabama and North Carolina) and hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] at two sites (Florida and South Carolina) for a minimum of 3 years with sampling initiated after the construction process. Randomly selected colonies were identified using gas chromatography for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester profiles. Over 9000 isolates were successfully analyzed. When a similarity index of 0.300 or higher was used, the average number of unidentifiable isolates was 38.6%. The two dominant genera in both bentgrass and bermudagrass rhizospheres were Bacillus and Pseudomonas with Bacillus dominant in bermudagrass and Pseudomonas dominant or equal to Bacillus in bentgrass. Other genera that comprised at least 1% of the isolates at all four sites were Clavibacter, Flavobacterium, and Microbacterium. Arthrobacter also comprised a significant portion of the bacterial isolates in the bentgrass rhizosphere, but not the bermudagrass rhizosphere. Overall, there were 40 genera common to all four sites. At the species level, there were five that comprised at least 1% of the isolates at each location: B. cereus, B. megaterium, C. michiganensis, F. johnsoniae, and P. putida. As has been reported for many grasses, we found considerable taxonomic diversity among the culturable bacterial populations from the rhizospheres of bentgrass and bermudagrass grown in sand-based putting greens.
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De Clerck, E., T. Vanhoutte, T. Hebb, J. Geerinck, J. Devos, and P. De Vos. "Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Bacterial Contaminants in Semifinal Gelatin Extracts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 6 (June 2004): 3664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.6.3664-3672.2004.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial contamination of gelatin is of great concern. Indeed, this animal colloid has many industrial applications, mainly in food and pharmaceutical products. In a previous study (E. De Clerck and P. De Vos, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25:611-618), contamination of a gelatin production process with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. In this study, bacterial contamination of semifinal gelatin extracts from several production plants was examined. Since these extracts are subjected to harsh conditions during production and a final ultrahigh-temperature treatment, the bacterial load at this stage is expected to be greatly reduced. In total, 1,129 isolates were obtained from a total of 73 gelatin batches originating from six different production plants. Each of these batches was suspected of having bacterial contamination based on quality control testing at the production plant from which it originated. For characterization and identification of the 1,129 bacterial isolates, repetitive-element PCR was used to obtain manageable groups. Representative strains were identified by means of 16S rRNA genesequencing, species-specific gyrB PCR, and gyrA and rpoB sequencing and were tested for gelatinase activity. The majority of isolates belonged to members of Bacillus or related endospore-forming genera. Representative strains were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus fumarioli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus gelatini, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Anoxybacillus contaminans, Anoxybacillus flavithermus, Brevibacillus agri, Brevibacillus borstelensis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The majority of these species include strains exhibiting gelatinase activity. Moreover, some of these species have known pathogenic properties. These findings are of great concern with regard to the safety and quality of gelatin and its applications.
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Kazemi, Elham, Vahideh Tarhriz, Mohammad S. Hejazi, and Mohammad A. Amoozegar. "Isolation and Characterization of Halophilic and Halotolerant Bacteria from Urmia Lake after the Recent Drought Disaster in 2015." Current Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200802153647.
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Background: Due to the last two decades of drought disaster, which resulted in the loss of the main part of Urmia Lake water and changed the natural conditions of an environment, especially ionic strength. Objective: We aimed to isolate and characterize halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in Urmia Lake, Iran, 2015. Urmia Lake is a permanent and salty inland lake located in the Azerbaijan region in northwestern Iran. Methods: Sampling was carried out in multiple water-filled locations of the lake. Liquid basal media for the enrichment of bacteria was successively applied and colonies were isolated by the plating method. Isolates were then distinguished based on differences in colony, Gram staining, microscopic shape, and biochemical properties. Results: One chemolithotrophic isolate belonging to Thiobacillus thioparus and 41 heterotrophic isolates were obtained. The 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all 42 isolates belong to the genera Kocuria (21.42%), Marinobacter (11.90%), Micrococcus (11.90%), Thalassobacillus (11.90%), Bacillus (11.90%), Halomonas (7.14%) and Thiobacillus (2.38%). Conclusion: Based on 16S rRNA similarity, 5 of 41 isolates showed the potential to be introduced as new species. The dominant genera with abounded frequency were found to be Kocuria, Bacillus and Thalassobacillus genera.
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Goyal, Pragya, Pranoti Belapurkar, and Anand Kar. "A Review on in vitro and in vivo Bioremediation Potential of Environmental and Probiotic Species of Bacillus and other Probiotic Microorganisms for Two Heavy Metals, Cadmium and Nickel." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2714.
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Microbial assisted remediation is the ray of hope in the current scenario of tremendous heavy metal pollution. The indiscriminate release of heavy metal laden industrial effluents in the water bodies and soil is now manifesting itself in the form of life threatening health hazards to humans. The conventional heavy metal remediation strategies are not only expensive but are ineffective in low metal concentrations. Microbial assisted remediation of heavy metals has come forward as the cheap and easy alternative. Amongst the various bacterial genera actively involved in bioremediation of cadmium and nickel in the environment, genus Bacillus has shown remarkable ability in this respect owing to its various biochemical and genetic pathways. It can perform bioremediation using multiple mechanisms including biosorption and bioaccumulation. This genus has also been able to reduce toxicity caused by cadmium and nickel in eukaryotic cell lines and in mice, a property also found in probiotic genera like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. This paper reviews the role of environmentally present and known probiotic species of genus Bacillus along with different probiotic genera for their various mechanisms involved for remediation of cadmium and nickel.
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Chen, P., R. Huang, L. Z. Zuo, Y. Q. Zhang, and L. Li. "Allelopathic potential of root endophytic bacterial metabolites on seeds germination of Casuarina equisetifolia." Allelopathy Journal 52, no. 2 (March 2021): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2021-52-2-1321.
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We determined the role of endophytic bacteria of C. equietifolia, involved in synthesis of allelochemicals. The root endophytic bacteria were isolated and their biological activity was studied to determine their allelopathic potential in fermentation broth. Twenty one species of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the C. equisetifolia roots, of which Bacillus were the dominant genus, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus were other dominant genera. These 21 endophytic bacteria inhibited the seeds germination of C. equisetifolia, among which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was most inhibitory. Main allelopathic components of fermentation broth of 3-endophytic bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus aryabhattai and Paenibacillus glycanilyticus) with strongest allelopathic potential were rich in phenols, esters, organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones etc. Among them, two allelopathic substances [2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-Phenol and 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol] were present in both endophytic bacteria fermentation broth and in root and soil extracts. These results confirmed that the secondary metabolites of C. equisetifolia root endophytic bacteria were allelopathic.
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MA, HUIMIN, JING LI, XIAOXIA XI, HAIYAN XU, LAGA WURI, YANFEI BIAN, ZHONGJIE YU, et al. "Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination in Goat Milk Powder Using PacBio Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing and Droplet Digital PCR." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 11 (October 5, 2018): 1791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-535.
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ABSTRACT Goat milk powder is a nutritious and easy-to-store product that is highly favored by consumers. However, the presence of contaminating bacteria and their metabolites may significantly affect the flavor, solubility, shelf life, and safety of the product. To comprehensively and accurately understand the sanitary conditions in the goat milk powder production process and potential threats from bacterial contamination, a combination of Pacific Biosciences single molecule real-time sequencing and droplet digital PCR was used to evaluate bacterial contamination in seven goat milk powder samples from three dairies. Ten phyla, 119 genera, and 249 bacterial species were identified. Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Lactococcus, and Cronobacter were the primary genera. Bacillus cereus, Lactococcus lactis, Alkaliphilus oremlandii, and Cronobacter sakazakii were the dominant species. With droplet digital PCR, 6.3 × 104 copies per g of Bacillus cereus and 1.0 × 104 copies per g of Cronobacter spp. were quantified, which may increase the risk of food spoilage and the probability of foodborne illness and should be monitored and controlled. This study offers a new approach for evaluating bacterial contamination in goat milk powder and supplies a reference for the assessment of food safety and control of potential risk, which will be of interest to the dairy industry.
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Miñana-Galbis, David, Dora L. Pinzón, J. Gaspar Lorén, Àngels Manresa, and Rosa M. Oliart-Ros. "Reclassification of Geobacillus pallidus (Scholz et al. 1988) Banat et al. 2004 as Aeribacillus pallidus gen. nov., comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1600–1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.003699-0.
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Although Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus, two genera of thermophilic bacteria close to the genus Bacillus, have only been described recently, the number of species in these genera has increased rapidly. Four thermophilic, lipolytic strains (DR01, DR02, DR03 and DR04) isolated from a hot spring in Veracruz (Mexico), which could not be identified phenotypically, were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three strains were identified as belonging to the genus Anoxybacillus, but strain DR03 was identified as Geobacillus pallidus. This result led us to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the genera Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus based on 16S rRNA gene sequences from all the type strains of these genera. Phylogenetic trees showed three major clusters, Anoxybacillus–Geobacillus tepidamans, Geobacillus sensu stricto and Geobacillus pallidus, while the 16S rRNA gene sequences of G. pallidus (DR03 and the type strain) showed low similarity to sequences of Anoxybacillus (92.5–95.1 %) and Geobacillus (92.8–94.5 %) species, as well as to Bacillus subtilis (92.2–92.4 %). In addition, G. pallidus could be differentiated from Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus on the basis of DNA G+C content and fatty acid and polar lipid profiles. From these results, it is proposed that Geobacillus pallidus should be classified in a novel genus, for which we propose the name Aeribacillus, as Aeribacillus pallidus gen. nov., comb. nov. The type strain of Aeribacillus pallidus is H12T (=ATCC 51176T =DSM 3670T =LMG 19006T).
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Siebyła, Marta, and Dorota Hilszczańska. "Diversity of soil bacteria complexes associated with summer truffle (Tuber aestivum)." Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0012.
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AbstractThis paper describes the quantitative and qualitative composition of bacteria isolated from soil in the selected sites in the Nida Basin, in places where mycorrhizae and ascocarps of summer truffle (Tuber aestivum) were found, and in a control soil (without truffle). A classic growth culture method was used with Sanger DNA sequencing to obtain quantitative and qualitative measures of bacterial cultures. The obtained results showed differences in bacteriome composition between the case samples, in which summer truffle fructification was observed, and the control samples. Seven classes of bacteria were identified: Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Deinococci, Flavobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. The most numerous bacterial genera were Pseudomonas (class Gammaproteobacteria) – 33%, Streptomyces (class Actinobacteria) – 29% and Bacillus (class Bacilli) – 15%. This research broadens the understanding of individual groups of bacteria accompanying truffles and their potential impact on the formation of summer truffle ascocarps.
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Xu, Fangfang, Chang Zhao, Chuang Hak Lee, Wenzhao Wang, and Qiyong Xu. "Anti-Biofouling Performance of an Immobilized Indigenous Quorum Quenching Bacterium Bacillus cereus HG10 and Its Influence on the Microbial Community in a Bioreactor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 3777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193777.
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Quorum quenching-membrane bioreactors (QQ-MBRs) have been studied widely in recent decades. However, limited information is known about the influence of QQ on the microbial community. In this study, the indigenous QQ bacterium Bacillus cereus HG10 was immobilized and used to control biofouling in a bioreactor. QQ beads caused extracellular polymeric substance reduction and significantly hindered biofilm formation on a submerged membrane. Community profiling of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that QQ beads dramatically altered the bacterial community structure in activated sludge but not in biofilm. Bacterial structure in the presence of QQ beads showed a clear divergence from that of the control groups at phylum, class, order, family, and genus taxonomic ranks. A significant enrichment of several bacterial genera, including Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Delftia, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, and depletion of over 12 bacterial genera were observed. These findings would contribute to a better understanding of why and how immobilized QQ bacteria impair membrane biofouling in QQ-MBRs.
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Zubair, Hanif, Farzand, Sheikh, Khan, Suleman, Ayaz, and Gao. "Genetic Screening and Expression Analysis of Psychrophilic Bacillus spp. Reveal Their Potential to Alleviate Cold Stress and Modulate Phytohormones in Wheat." Microorganisms 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090337.
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Abiotic stress in plants pose a major threat to cereal crop production worldwide and cold stress is also notorious for causing a decrease in plant growth and yield in wheat. The present study was designed to alleviate cold stress on plants by inoculating psychrophilic PGPR bacteria belonging to Bacillus genera isolated from extreme rhizospheric environments of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The genetic screening of psychrophilic Bacillus spp. CJCL2, RJGP41 and temperate B. velezensis FZB42 revealed presence of genetic features corresponding to cold stress response, membrane transport, signal transduction and osmotic regulation. Subsequently, the time frame study for the expression of genes involved in these pathways was also significantly higher in psychrophilic strains as analyzed through qPCR analysis at 4 ℃. The inoculated cold tolerant Bacillus strains also aided in inducing stress response in wheat by regulating abscisic acid, lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation pathways in a beneficial manner. Moreover, during comparative analysis of growth promotion in wheat all three Bacillus strains showed significant results at 25 ℃. Whereas, psychrophilic Bacillus strains CJCL2 and RJGP41 were able to positively regulate the expression of phytohormones leading to significant improvement in plant growth under cold stress.
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Yuan, Zong-Sheng, Fang Liu, and Guo-Fang Zhang. "Isolation of culturable endophytic bacteria from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and 16S rDNA diversity analysis." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 3 (2015): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs141212063y.
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We analyzed culturable endophytic bacteria from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) using traditional bacterial isolation and culture methods and then studied the colony characteristics and diversity with a 16S rDNA sequence analysis. We isolated 82 endophytic bacteria strains belonging to 47 species in 26 genera from the root, rhizome, stem and leaves of Moso bamboo species from populations on Wuyi Mountain, and in the Jiangle and Changting regions. There were significant differences in the composition of the culturable endophytic bacteria isolated from the different areas and from different tissues. The dominant bacteria strains from the Wuyi Mountain samples were Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Enterobacter, while the dominant bacteria from the Jiangle samples were Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Curtobacterium, and the dominant bacteria in the Changting samples were Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Bacillus. Our results demonstrate the abundant diversity of endophytic bacteria in Moso bamboo.
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Allamin, Ibrahim Alkali, Gambo Ismail, Haruna Yahaya Ismail, Usman Bukar, Hussaini Shettima, and Amina Umar Faruk. "Distribution of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial Population Receiving Hydrocarbon Micro-seepage in Hydrocarbon Exploration Sites of Kukawa North-East Nigeria." Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jebat.v3i2.546.
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The search for hydrocarbon has been of great priority for alternative source of energy and economy to many countries. Different types of studies are being conducted to trace specific reservoirs of hydrocarbons. The used of geologic and seismic surveys which are environmental unfriendly and costly requires alternate such as that of microbial survey. The use of culture based method to isolate bacteria with ability to utilize hydrocarbon in survey areas was conducted. Soil sample were collected randomly from all the 13 sample sites from different depths for microbiological analysis. Mineral salt agar supplemented with diesel was used to isolate hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB). Nutrient agar was used to isolate total heterotrophic bacteria (THB). Soil samples were collected randomly from sample sites at various depths (10, 20 and 30 cm) the bacterial populations at 10 cm depth for HUB was 129×105 to 269×105 CFU/g at Kukawa (KW) and Baga (BG), THB was 122×105 to 266×105 CFU/g at Bundur (BD) and Baga (BG), HUB was 128×105 to 282×105 CFU/g at Kukawa (KW) and Baga (BG), THB was 110×105 to 220×105 CFU/g at Alagarno (AL) and Bawarti (BW) in 20 cm depth. The HUB count at 30 cm depth was 128×105 to 285×105 CFU/g at Kukawa (KW) and Baga (BG), THB counts was 72×105 to 147×105 CFU/g at Alagarno (AL) and Kauwa (KU). Bacillus, Enterobacter, Actinomycetes and Pseudomonas are the dominant bacterial genera in the sample sites. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus azotofomans and Bacillus alvei are among the dominant species of Bacillus in the sample sites. The isolation of these bacterial species in high population projects directly a guaranteed discovery of hydrocarbon reservoir and could be a relatively inexpensive and environment friendly method for hydrocarbon prospecting.
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Kasozi, Nasser, Horst Kaiser, and Brendan Wilhelmi. "Determination of Phylloplane Associated Bacteria of Lettuce from a Small-Scale Aquaponic System via 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequence Analysis." Horticulturae 8, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020151.
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Fresh vegetables harbour diverse bacterial populations on their surfaces which are important for plant health and growth. Information on epiphytic bacteria is limited to only a few types of vegetables and it is unknown how the lettuce epiphytic bacterial community structure may respond when a probiotic product is added to an aquaponic system. In this study, we evaluated lettuce growth and analysed epiphytic bacterial communities of lettuce based on metabarcoding analysis of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene obtained from paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads. The addition of Bacillus probiotics resulted in a significant increase of nitrate and phosphate in the deep-water culture solution, as well as increased vegetative growth of lettuce. Metabarcoding analysis revealed that the most abundant phyla on lettuce leaf surfaces were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The in-depth bacterial composition analysis indicated that genera Chryseobacterium, Bacillus, Pantoea, Pseudoduganella, Flavobacterium, Paludibacter, and Cloacibacterium were dominant in leaf samples obtained from Bacillus-treated systems. Analysis of lettuce epiphytic bacterial communities of the fresh lettuce leaf surfaces also indicated the presence of food-borne pathogens belonging to the Shigella and Aeromonas genera, which were less abundant in the probiotic treated systems. This study provides the first characterization of the epiphytic bacterial community structure and how it can be modulated by the addition of a probiotic mixture to the nutrient solution of aquaponic systems.
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Beric, Tanja, Marjan Biocanin, Slavisa Stankovic, Ivica Dimkic, Tamara Janakiev, Djordje Fira, and Jelena Lozo. "Identification and antibiotic resistance of Bacillus spp. isolates from natural samples." Archives of Biological Sciences 70, no. 3 (2018): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs180302019b.
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Identification of 33 Bacillus spp. isolates from different environmental samples collected from the territory of Serbia was performed by sequencing of the 5?-hypervariable section of 16S rRNA gene. Eight species were identified within four phylogenetic groups: B. pumilus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and B. cereus. Determination of their antibiotic resistance was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. We found that just one isolate was resistant to gentamicin, 9 were resistant to clindamycin and all were resistant to vancomycin. Based on the profile of resistance, the isolates were categorized into 4 categories. In silico analysis of the erythromycin-resistance (erm) gene for clindamycin resistance showed their distribution between related and nonrelated soil and human isolates including different species of Bacillus genera. This finding indicates that Bacillus spp. from the environment could be a source of resistance to clindamycin. The potential for the presence and spread of resistance determinants in the soil and similar ecosystems exists so that monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes in nonpathogenic Bacillus strains from the environment is advised.