Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacillus genera

Academic literature on the topic 'Bacillus genera'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacillus genera"

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Mukhtar, Salma, Samina Mehnaz, Muhammad Sajjad Mirza, Babur Saeed Mirza, and Kauser Abdulla Malik. "Diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial community in the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil of halophytes (Salsola stocksii and Atriplex amnicola), and characterization of osmoregulatory genes in halophilic Bacilli." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 8 (August 2018): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0544.

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Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses; a total of 3% of the world’s land mass is affected by salinity. Approximately 6.3 million hectares of land in Pakistan is affected by salinity to varying degrees, and most of the areas are arid to semiarid with low annual precipitation. The aim of the present study is to identify and characterize Bacillus and Bacillus-derived bacterial genera from the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil samples from the Khewra Salt Mine, Pakistan, by using culture-independent and -dependent methods. Seven Bacillus-like bacterial genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus, Virgibacillus, Brevibacillus, Paenibacillus, Tumebacillus, and Lysinibacillus, were detected by using pyrosequencing analysis, whereas only four genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Virgibacillus, were identified by culture-dependent methods. Most of the Bacillus-like isolates identified in this study were moderately halophilic, alkaliphilic, and mesophilic bacteria and were considered a good source of hydrolytic enzymes because of their ability to degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Eight Bacillus-like strains from the genera Bacillus, Halobacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Virgibacillus showed positive results for the presence of ectABC gene cluster (ectoine), six strains could synthesize betaine from choline, and six strains tested positive for the synthesis of proline from either glutamate or ornithine by using proline dehydrogenase enzyme.
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Kiseleva, Elena Pavlovna, Konstantin Igorevich Mikhailopulo, Alena Ivanovna Ladutska, and Galina Ivanovna Novik. "Methodological approach to the study of dynamics of specific concentration of cell wall antigens per cell of Bacillus species and examples of its application." EuroBiotech Journal 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.10.

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Abstract Background: Nonpathogenic Bacillus strains are used in biotechnology, and pathogenic Bacillus strains are cause of food borne disease. It explains the relevance of the methods of detection and quantification of whole cell and cell components of these bacteria. Aims: Development of methodological approach for investigation of dynamics of specific concentration of cell wall antigens per cell of bacilli without solubilization of cell wall during sample preparation; using of the approach with 6 strains of bacilli as an example. Method: ELISA. Results: Methodological approach for investigation of dynamics of specific concentration of bacilli cell wall antigens has been developed. The distinctive features of the approach are rabbit polyclonal antibodies to genera-specific antigens of bacilli as key reagent and lack of need for solubilization of cell wall during sample preparation. It was shown using 6 strains of Bacilli as an example that specific concentration of cell wall antigens per cell vary according to bacillus strain, stage of culture growth and media composition. The data will find an application in biotechnology of clinical diagnostics and test-systems for food control including detection of whole bacillus cells.
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Liu, Min, Ying Cui, Yuqing Chen, Xiangzhi Lin, Huiqin Huang, and Shixiang Bao. "Diversity ofBacillus-like bacterial community in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 3 (March 2017): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0449.

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Members of the genus Bacillus and related spore-forming genera are ubiquitous. However, Bacillus-like species isolated from marine sediments have attracted less interest than their terrestrial relatives. Here, we investigated the diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial communities in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China, using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, and present the first report on this subject. We also discovered some potential novel species from the sediment samples. Four families, Bacillaceae (58%), Paenibacillaceae (22%), Alicyclobacillaceae (15%), and Planococcaceae (5%), and 9 genera, Bacillus (42%), Paenibacillus (16%), Halobacillus (13%), Alicyclobacillus (11%), Rummeliibacillus (5%), Cohnella (5%), Tumebacillus (4%), Pontibacillus (3%), and Aneurinibacillus (2%), were identified by pyrosequencing. In contrast, only 4 genera, Bacillus (57%), Paenibacillus (23%), Halobacillus (14%), and Virgibacillus (6%), were detected by the culture-dependent method. In the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the isolates HB12036 and HB12037 were closest to Bacillus okuhidensis Kh10-101Tand Paenibacillus xylanilyticus XIL14Twith similarities of 94.8% and 95.9%, respectively, indicating that these were novel species. Bacillus sp. HB12035 and HB12040 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus sp. HB12033 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Ustilago scitaminea Syd.
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Němečková, I., K. Solichová, P. Roubal, B. Uhrová, and E. Šviráková. "Methods for detection of Bacillus sp., B. cereus, and B. licheniformis in raw milk." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, Special Issue (January 4, 2012): S55—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/313/2011-cjfs.

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Totally 75 raw milk samples were analysed with the methods employing the media compared &ndash; MYPA, PEMBA, Brilliance<sup>TM</sup> Bacillus cereus agar, and HiCrome Bacillus agar. The reference method with MYPA seems to be the most suitable for dairy plants laboratories because there is only low risk of mistaken identity. However, the samples containing miscellaneous micro-flora should be heat-inactivated before plating. Both positive and negative strains (totally 132) were isolated. Twelve strains, which could cause problems in the evaluation of the plates, were selected and identified by phenotyping and by PCR methods for Bacillus sp., B. cereus, and B. licheniformis. The PCR methods differed in their selectivity within particular bacilli group, within genera Bacillus, and within raw milk microflora.
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Bhandari, Vaibhav, Nadia Z. Ahmod, Haroun N. Shah, and Radhey S. Gupta. "Molecular signatures for Bacillus species: demarcation of the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus clades in molecular terms and proposal to limit the placement of new species into the genus Bacillus." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_7 (July 1, 2013): 2712–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.048488-0.

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The genus Bacillus is a phylogenetically incoherent taxon with members of the group lacking a common evolutionary history. Comprising aerobic and anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, no characteristics are known that can distinguish species of this genus from other similar endospore-forming genera. With the availability of complete genomic data from over 30 different species from this group, we have constructed detailed phylogenetic trees to determine the relationships among Bacillus and other closely related taxa. Additionally, we have performed comparative genomic analysis for the determination of molecular markers, in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs), to assist in the understanding of relationships among species of the genus Bacillus in molecular terms. Based on the analysis, we report here the identification of 11 and 6 CSIs that clearly differentiate a ‘ Bacillus subtilis clade’ and a ‘ Bacillus cereus clade’, respectively, from all other species of the genus Bacillus . No molecular markers were identified that supported a larger clade within this genus. The subtilis and the cereus clades were also the largest observed monophyletic groupings among species from the genus Bacillus in the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and those based upon concatenated sequences for 20 conserved proteins. Thus, the relationships observed among these groups of species through CSIs are independently well supported by phylogenetic analysis. The molecular markers identified in this study provide a reliable means for the reorganization of the currently polyphyletic genus Bacillus into a more evolutionarily consistent set of groups. It is recommended that the genus Bacillus sensu stricto should comprise only the monophyletic subtilis clade that is demarcated by the identified CSIs, with B. subtilis as its type species. Members of the adjoining cereus clade (referred to as the Cereus clade of bacilli), although they are distinct from the subtilis clade, will also retain the Bacillus genus name as they contain several clinically important species, and their transfer into a new genus could have serious consequences. However, all other species that are currently part of the genus Bacillus and not part of these two clades should be eventually transferred to other genera. We also propose that all novel species of the genus Bacillus must meet minimal requirements, foremost among which is that the branching of the prospective species with the Bacillus sensu stricto clade or the Cereus clade of bacilli should be strongly supported by 16S rRNA gene sequence trees or trees based upon concatenated protein sequences. Additionally, the presence of one or more of the CSIs that are specific for these clades may be used to confirm molecularly the placement of the species into these clades. The identified CSIs, in addition to their usefulness for taxonomic and diagnostic purposes, also provide novel probes for genetic and biochemical studies of these bacteria.
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Ervina, Ema, Cristina Nugroho Ekowati, Sumardi Sumardi, and Emantis Rosa. "Lipolytic-screening of Bacillus genera as Biocontrol candidate In Coffee Plantation." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.12.

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Problems in decreasing coffee production one of them caused by plant pests attack. Countermeasures using pesticides and disinfectants are not effective because they have long effects and ruining the environment also pest resistance. It is necessary to prevent a more environmentally friendly way by utilizing a natural enemy in the form of a microorganism, the genus Bacillus. Lipase can hydrolyze lipids so that it can be used to degrade lipid substrates that compile the body structure of pests and diseases. This research aims to detect the lipolytic activity of Bacillus isolates from coffee plantations. The results of this research obtained 3 isolates of Bacillus namely T1, T2, and T3 which have differences in cell configuration and variations in the location of endospores. Furthermore, Bacillus isolates were detected lipolytic activity by growing isolates on lipase selective medium. Isolates that have the largest lipolytic activity are T2 isolate codes with an average index of 6.01 and the lowest lipolytic activity, namely, isolate T1 codes with an average index of 4.58.
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Gupta, Radhey S., Sudip Patel, Navneet Saini, and Shu Chen. "Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 5753–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004475.

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To clarify the evolutionary relationships and classification of Bacillus species, comprehensive phylogenomic and comparative analyses were performed on >300 Bacillus/Bacillaceae genomes. Multiple genomic-scale phylogenetic trees were initially reconstructed to identify different monophyletic clades of Bacillus species. In parallel, detailed analyses were performed on protein sequences of genomes to identify conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are specific for each of the identified clades. We show that in different reconstructed trees, most of the Bacillus species, in addition to the Subtilis and Cereus clades, consistently formed 17 novel distinct clades. Additionally, some Bacillus species reliably grouped with the genera Alkalicoccus, Caldalkalibacillus, Caldibacillus, Salibacterium and Salisediminibacterium . The distinctness of identified Bacillus species clades is independently strongly supported by 128 identified CSIs which are unique characteristics of these clades, providing reliable means for their demarcation. Based on the strong phylogenetic and molecular evidence, we are proposing that these 17 Bacillus species clades should be recognized as novel genera, with the names Alteribacter gen. nov., Ectobacillus gen. nov., Evansella gen. nov., Ferdinandcohnia gen. nov., Gottfriedia gen. nov., Heyndrickxia gen. nov., Lederbergia gen. nov., Litchfieldia gen. nov., Margalitia gen. nov., Niallia gen. nov., Priestia gen. nov., Robertmurraya gen. nov., Rossellomorea gen. nov., Schinkia gen. nov., Siminovitchia gen. nov., Sutcliffiella gen. nov. and Weizmannia gen. nov. We also propose to transfer ‘ Bacillus kyonggiensi s’ to Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. (type strain: NB22=JCM 17569T=DSM 26768). Additionally, we report 31 CSIs that are unique characteristics of either the members of the Subtilis clade (containing the type species B. subtilis ) or the Cereus clade (containing B. anthracis and B. cereus ). As most Bacillus species which are not part of these two clades can now be assigned to other genera, we are proposing an emended description of the genus Bacillus to restrict it to only the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades.
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Pannucci, James, Richard T. Okinaka, Robert Sabin, and Cheryl R. Kuske. "Bacillus anthracis pXO1 Plasmid Sequence Conservation among Closely Related Bacterial Species." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.1.134-141.2002.

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ABSTRACT The complete sequencing and annotation of the 181.7-kb Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pXO1 predicted 143 genes but could only assign putative functions to 45. Hybridization assays, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing were used to determine whether pXO1 open reading frame (ORF) sequences were present in other bacilli and more distantly related bacterial genera. Eighteen Bacillus species isolates and four other bacterial species were tested for the presence of 106 pXO1 ORFs. Three ORFs were conserved in most of the bacteria tested. Many of the pXO1 ORFs were detected in closely related Bacillus species, and some were detected only in B. anthracis isolates. Three isolates, Bacillus cereus D-17, B. cereus 43881, and Bacillus thuringiensis 33679, contained sequences that were similar to more than one-half of the pXO1 ORF sequences examined. The majority of the DNA fragments that were amplified by PCR from these organisms had DNA sequences between 80 and 98% similar to that of pXO1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed large potential plasmids present in both B. cereus 43881 (341 kb) and B. thuringiensis ATCC 33679 (327 kb) that hybridized with a DNA probe composed of six pXO1 ORFs.
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Suárez-Contreras, Liliana Yanet, and Luz Francy Yañez-Meneses. "16S rRNA as an applied tool in the molecular characterization of genera and species of bacteria." Respuestas 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.2430.

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Bacterial identification is carried out by conventional methods based on phenotypic characteristics, since their implementation and costs are more easily accessible. However, molecular identification allows us to know the true identity of the genus and species. The molecular identification of 24 bacterial strains preserved in the Strain Bank of the University Francisco de Paula Santander, Campos Eliseos Experimental Center, identified under macroscopic and microscopic phenotypic criteria, was carried out. Initially, the strains preserved in saline solution were reactivated and characterized macro- and microscopically, then DNA extraction was performed and PCR was done to amplify the 16S rRNA region allowing access to the DNA sequence of interest; the samples were sent to be sequenced and through bioinformatic tools the identity of each bacterium was known. The strains: BLB003, BLB009, BLB011, BLB012, BLB014, BLB016, BLB018, BLB022, BLB023, BLB024, BLB033, were identified as Bacillus cereus; BLB010 as Bacillus thurigiensis; while BLB030, BLB031, BLB032, as Bacillus pumilus; BLB020 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; BLB001, BLB004, BLB007, and BLB037, formed the group of Bacillus subtilis; and it is possible that there are divergent ramifications between species of Bacillus in phylogenetic trees. Another grouping that was observed in the phylogenetic tree are the strains BLB019 and BLB029 that correspond to Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Alcaligenes faecalis respectively. Also another group BLB013 and BLB017, were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. It is important to take into account that sometimes 16S rRNA presents a low discrimination capacity for some genera and species due to recent divergences, it is necessary to complement the identification with the study of other genes.
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Kämpfer, Peter, Stefanie P. Glaeser, and Hans-Jürgen Busse. "Transfer of Bacillus schlegelii to a novel genus and proposal of Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii gen. nov., comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_5 (May 1, 2013): 1723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.045146-0.

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Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of species currently assigned to the genus Bacillus has shown an extensive intrageneric phylogenetic heterogeneity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of Bacillus schlegelii ATCC 43741T shows only 82.2–85.9 % sequence similarity to type strains of other members of the genus Bacillus and <88.5 % sequence similarity to recognised species of the most closely related genera, Calditerricola (88.4–88.5 %), Planifilum (87.3–87.8 %) and Caldalkalibacillus (87.2−87.9 %). Furthermore, B. schlegelii ATCC 43741T could not be assigned to an existing family by phylogenetic analysis. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Both the polar lipid profile and the fatty acid composition clearly distinguished B. schlegelii DSM 2000T from the type species of the genus Bacillus , Bacillus subtilis . Hence, there is no evidence for a clear phenotypic grouping of this organism into the genus Bacillus nor to the genera Calditerricola , Caldalkalibacillus or Planifilum . A proposal is made to transfer Bacillus schlegelii to a novel genus and species, Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii gen. nov., comb. nov., and to emend the species description. The type strain of the type species is DSM 2000T ( = ATCC 43741T = CCUG 26017T = CIP 106933T).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacillus genera"

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Драпой, Дарина Ігорівна. "Одержання водню з целюлозовмісної сировини." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/43553.

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Дисертація присвячена науково-технічним основам технології ферментації сільськогосподарських відходів з отриманням водню. В дисертаційній роботі було виділено ефективну асоціацію мікроорганізмів-деструкторів целюлози та продуцентів водню. За основу взято природну асоціацію мікроорганізмів з ґрунту, що зменшує вміст в асоціації консументів водню – сульфатредукуючих мікроорганізмів, в порівнянні з природними асоціаціями з мулу та проточних водойм. В роботі експериментально визначено, що для знешкодження метаноутворюючих мікроорганізмів необхідно проводити температурну обробку інокуляту при t = 90ºС протягом 1 години. За даної обробки мікроорганізми родів Clostridium та Bacillus утворюють спори, що проростають вже за 2 дні за сприятливих умов. Визначено, що додаткове збагачення асоціації мікроорганізмами родів Clostridiuт та Bacillus призводить до збільшення виходу водню в порівнянні з вихідною асоціацією. При чому вміст водню в біогазі залежить від кількості та співвідношення мікроорганізмів, що додаються. Встановлено, що збагачення асоціації культурами мікроорганізмів родів Clostridium та Bacillus у співвідношенні 1:2,5 дає можливість збільшити вихід водню в 2,3 рази. Визначено раціональний метод попередньої обробки сировини (3 год, 20% NaOH) що дозволяє підвищити вихід водню у 3 рази. Луг ефективно видаляє лігнін з біомаси, покращує доступність целюлози та збільшує площу адсорбція субстрату для мікроорганізмів. В дисертаційній роботі наведено математичний опис продукування біогазу залежно від значення рН та концентрації субстрату, що дозволяє моделювати довільний характер процесу і визначати оптимальні умови продукування водню в залежності від змінних параметрів процесу. Визначено основні технологічні параметри процесу ферментації целюлозовмісної сировини з продукуванням водню: температура процесу – 35ºC, рН - 7 – 7,5, концентрація сировини - 50 ± 5 г/дм3, співвідношення інокуляту до субстрату 1:4, постійне відведення водню з зони ферментації, що дозволяє одержати біогаз з вмістом водню 87,5±4,2%.
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Slieman, Tony Adel. "DNA repair and photochemistry in Bacillus subtilis spores." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284204.

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Bacterial endospores are 10 to 20 times more resistant to ultraviolet radiation than their vegetative counterparts, due to two interlocking mechanisms: the DNA photochemistry in spores, and the presence of two DNA repair systems. Spore DNA is closely associated with small acid soluble spore proteins (SASP) which change the conformation of DNA from the B form to an A-like form. When spores are subjected to UV radiation, SASP-bound DNA accumulates the unique thymine dimer 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine, informally referred to as spore photoproduct (SP). Spores possess two DNA repair pathways that repair SP, the general nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway encoded by the uvr genes and the SP-specific SP lyase repair system encoded by the splB gene. Most of the information regarding spore UV resistance has traditionally been obtained using commercial UV lamps that emit predominantly 254-nm UV (UV-C). In contrast, solar UV radiation that reaches the Earth's surface spans 290 to 400-nm wavelengths, the so-called UV-B and UV-A portions of the UV spectrum, whereas the UV-C portion of solar UV is mainly filtered by the stratospheric ozone layer. Ten percent of bacterial spore dry mass consists of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid or DPA). DPA has been implicated in triggering germination in germination-deficient mutant B. subtilis spores. DPA has also been shown to photosensitize spore DNA to UV radiation. In this dissertation the SP lyase repair system, spore DNA damage cause by environmental UV, and the role of DPA in the survival of spores to UV radiation were investigated. SplB protein containing an N-terminal 10-Histidine tag [(10His) SplB] was over-expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. The purified (10 His) SplB was used for characterizing the binding of the enzyme to its substrate, SP. A 35-bp oligonucleotide (oligo) was constructed with a single pair of adjacent thymidines on one strand. The oligo was irradiated with 254-nm UV under conditions to produce either SP or cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (Py<>Py). By DNase I protection, (10His) SplB was shown to bind specifically to the SP-containing oligo and not to the oligo containing Py<>Py or the unirradiated oligo. (10His) SplB bound to the oligo containing SP exhibited a 9-bp DNase I footprint with two hypersensitive sites within the footprint. Bacillus subtilis spores were exposed to UV-C, UV-B, solar UV-A and full spectrum sunlight. Chromosomal DNA was then extracted and probed for the presence of damage using a combination of enzymatic and electrophoretic treatments. Spores were shown to accumulate Py<>Py, single stranded breaks and double stranded breaks in addition to SP. No apurinic/apyrimidinic sites were detected under any irradiation conditions used. Mutant spores that make DPA (DPA⁻) or that were DPA-deficient (DPA⁻) were exposed to UV-C, UV-B, solar UV-A, and full spectrum sunlight as a dried-film or in suspension. When irradiated as a dried-film DPA⁻ spores were the most sensitive followed by the DPA⁻ spores and wild-type spores under all irradiation conditions except for solar UV-A where the DPA⁻ spores were the most resistant. On the other hand, DPA⁻ spores irradiated with UV-C in suspension were 8 times more resistant in comparison to the same spore irradiated as a dried-film.
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Bizzarri, Mariangela F. "The ecology of Bacillus thuringiensis on the phylloplane." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2006. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6114/.

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Two selective media which specifically allow the cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis while it is in the vegetative as opposed to the spore form were developed. Using these media it was conclusively proved for the first time that B. thuringiensis can reside on the phylloplane in a metabolically active form. This was corroborated by evidence, also for the first time, that conjugation can take place on the phylloplane between such endemic strains. A new bacteriophage, infecting one of the endemic stains, which was activated by the process of genetic recombination, was isolated and characterized. The appearance of naturally occurring strains of B. thuringiensis in vegetative and spore form was followed over a growing season on clover (Trifolium hybridum) in the field. Simultaneous and sudden rises and declines of both spore and vegetative cell densities were observed. These could not be correlated with weather conditions. A genetically stable population of strains seemed to be maintained throughout the growing season. The most common other spore-former on these leaves was Bacillus cereus but the fluctuations in appearance of these two very closely related species were not co-incident. Using specific PCR primers, a considerably diversity of toxin types was found with the majority of isolates possessing multiple d-endotoxin genes. Bioassays against a lepidopteran insect (Pieris brassicae) of purified d-endotoxins showed that they were not more potent than those from a laboratory-adapted strain. A high percentage, however, of the endemic isolates (82%) possessed the ‘Vegetative insecticidal protein’ (Vip) gene, vip3. This might indicate an involvement of Vips in the establishment of these strains on the phylloplane. A mechanism for colonization of annual plants by B. thuringiensis was demonstrated for the first time. It was shown that spores added to seeds, even in non-sterile soil, can germinate and replicate on the resulting seedlings. The level of colonization achieved did not have a consistent influence on the feeding behaviour of third instar larvae of P. brassicae which were present on the plants for three days. Nevertheless, the fact that the number of CFU of B. thuringiensis recovered per gram of insect increased with time is evidence of proliferation of the bacterium inside the insects. Four isolates of B. thuringiensis that had been recovered in the vegetative phase from the phylloplane of T. hybridum were grown for 500 generations in a rich medium. Changes were observed in all of the strains but one isolate changed remarkably in all of the characteristics assessed which included: structure; plasmid profile; fatty acid composition; and d-endotoxin production. Moreover, the sequence of the Vip3 protein harboured by the evolved strain showed changes when compared with that of the parental strain.
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Kim, Tae-Jong. "A new model of the general stress response for environmental stresses in Bacillus subtilis /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Nannapaneni, Priyanka [Verfasser]. "New insights into the regulatory networks of Bacillus subtilis controlling general stress response and osmo adaptation / Priyanka Nannapaneni." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1029510636/34.

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Jones, Anthony Robert. "The Role Cranberry Proanthocyanidins Play in the Primary Attachment of Bacteria to Surfaces: Bacillus cereus Model." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/51/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed June 24, 2010) Sidney Crow Jr., committee chair; Kuk-Jeong Chen, Robert Simmons, George Pierce, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-68).
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Plahovinsak, Jennifer Lee. "KINETICS AND PASSIVE PROTECTION EFFICACY INDUCED BY PURIFIED AVA HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G IN RABBITS AGAINST A Bacillus anthracis AEROSOL CHALLENGE." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1166813637.

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Vidal, Quist José Cristian. "Estrategias para la utilización de la bacteria entomopatógena Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) en el control de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8336.

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La mosca mediterránea de la fruta, Ceratitis capitata, es la principal plaga de la fruticultura en el mundo. El desarrollo de métodos ambientalmente seguros de control de plagas, como Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), adquiere cada vez mayor importancia. Esta tesis doctoral evalúa la validez de Bt y sus delta-endotoxinas como agentes de control de C. capitata. El análisis de la biodiversidad de Bt ha reflejado la gran riqueza presente en el agroecosistema de los cítricos. Sin embargo, ninguna de las cepas ensayadas (905) muestra alta toxicidad sobre C. capitata cuando esporas/cristales o sobrenadantes de su cultivo son ensayados. En cambio, la solubilización de los cristales de una selección de 42 cepas de Bacillus sp. ha demostrado que, para las cepas de la subespecie israelensis (Bti), este tratamiento produce una ganancia de función biológica. Adicionalmente, la predigestión de dichas protoxinas con proteasas de otro díptero, Culex pipiens, aumenta su actividad larvicida (CL50 31.26 µg/cm2). Por otro lado, se ha demostrado que, entre las delta-endotoxinas producidas por Bti, la protoxina Cyt1Aa es el factor determinante, con una CL50 sobre larvas de 4.93 µg/cm2. Sobre adultos, Cyt1Aa produce efectos subletales. Complementariamente, esta tesis propone un nuevo método de control basado en el desarrollo de toxinas recombinantes de fusión Cry-anticuerpo. Se ha puesto en práctica un sistema modelo para evaluar esta estrategia: se han desarrollado 4 variantes proteicas por la fusión entre partes de la protoxina Cry1Ab y un anticuerpo específico contra GFP (VHH anti-GFP) y éstas se han ensayado sobre larvas transgénicas de Drosophila melanogaster que expresan GFP en su intestino. Deficiencias en la unión de las toxinas de fusión a GFP, han impedido demostrar, por el momento, la estrategia propuesta. Por último, se han detectado al menos 160 proteínas distintas en las membranas intestinales de C. capitata y se han identificado las siguientes: V-ATPasa subunidades A y B, y alfa-tubulina.
Vidal Quist, JC. (2010). Estrategias para la utilización de la bacteria entomopatógena Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) en el control de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8336
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Tkadlec, Jan. "Vliv vyřazení genu yxkO při adaptaci na enviromentální stres u rodu Bacillus." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312694.

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We have previously characterized a Bacillus subtilis mutant defective in growth and osmoadaptation under limited K+ concentrations. In this mutant, the yxkO gene encoding a putative ribokinase is disrupted. This gene is supposed to belong to the sigma B operon and its expression is induced after osmotic, heat and ethanol shock. In comparison to the wild type, this mutation causes pleiotropic changes in host phenotype. In addition to its osmosensitivity, the mutant differs in cell shape, motility and ability to produce endospores. Our goal was to focus on manifestations of the mutation in the yxkO gene in other bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Using plasmid pMUTIN4 we have prepared mutants with disruptions of this gene derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii strains differing in the yxkO surroundings and in the level of laboratory domestication. As in the previous study (with laboratory strain Bacillus subtilis 168) we demonstrate impaired ability of the mutant strain derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to grow in potassium limitation and osmotic shock. We have studied this phenomenon at the level of the growth dynamics of the bacterial culture. We have also detected an increased sensitivity of the strain derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to...
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Zhang, Wei. "X-ray structural determination and biophysical characterization of HemAT, a chemotaxis receptor from Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18725.

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The heme-based aerotaxis transducer (HemAT) from B. subtilis is a heme-containing protein and functions as an oxygen sensor. It can detect oxygen and transmit the signal generated from oxygen binding to regulatory proteins through its putative methyl-accepting chemotactic domain. Through other components, the signaling information is transferred to motor proteins, which control the direction of rotation of flagella and in turn lead to changes in the swimming behavior of bacteria. There is a great deal of information known about chemotaxis signaling transduction for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of chemotaxis of Bacillus subtilis is in a sense reversed, because attractant binding to chemotactic receptors strengthens the activity of the downstream histidine kinase, instead of inhibiting reaction in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) data were collected from crystals of HemAT using the intrinsic anomalous scatterer, iron, with synchrotron radiation. Three wavelength iron MAD data were collected to 2.8A resolution. The native data set was collected to 2.15A resolution. The crystallographic analysis reveals that the crystal belongs to P21212 1 space group with the cell dimension a = 50.00A, b = 80.12A, c = 85.95A. There are two molecules in one asymmetric unit with 40% solvent content. I have determined the crystal structures of the HemAT sensor domain in liganded and unliganded forms at resolutions of 2.15A and 2.7A. The structures show that the HemAT sensor domain is a dimeric protein with one heme group in each subunit. The structure of liganded form of HemAT sensor domain reveals a more symmetrical organization than that of the unliganded form. Tyrosine70 in one subunit shows distinct conformations in the liganded and unliganded structures. Our study suggests that disruption of HemAT symmetry plays an important role in initiating the chemotaxis signaling transduction pathway. Our kinetic and thermodynamic studies of ligand binding suggest that HemAT may employ negative cooperativity for detecting external ligand in the signal transduction. The sensor domain provides the structural evidence for such a molecular mechanism.
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Books on the topic "Bacillus genera"

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Bacillus thuringiensis Biotechnology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012.

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Sansinenea, Estibaliz. Bacillus thuringiensis Biotechnology. Springer, 2014.

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Sansinenea, Estibaliz. Bacillus thuringiensis Biotechnology. Springer, 2012.

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1863, Cameron Kenneth b., ed. Upon general infection by the bacillus pyocyaneus in children. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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A case of general infection by the bacillus pyocyaneus. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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1863-1939, Cameron Kenneth, ed. Upon general infection by the bacilus pyocyaneus in children. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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Valle Vargas, Marcelo Fernando, María Ximena Quintanilla Carvajal, Luisa Marcela Villamil Díaz, and Ruth Yolanda Ruiz Pardo. Encapsulación de probióticos: alternativa tecnológica para mejorar el cultivo de tilapia. Universidad de La Sabana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/978-958-12-0606-3.

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Con el propósito de incrementar la viabilidad de los probióticos durante su almacenamiento, inclusión en el alimento de los peces y extrusión, así como en el paso por el tracto gastrointestinal, se hace necesario el uso de técnicas para la protección de los probióticos en estos ambientes. Dentro de estas técnicas se encuentra la encapsulación. Varios estudios se han enfocado en la utilización de probióticos en la alimentación de tilapia, siendo las más comunes las especies de los géneros Bacillus y Lactobacillus. No obstante, los reportes de encapsulación de probióticos para tilapia son escasos. A partir de lo anterior, se espera que este libro contribuya en el ámbito académico, científico, industrial, económico, social y ambiental. En lo académico y científico, ya que con la información presentada se pueden generar ideas que conduzcan a la estructuración de proyectos de investigación que den como resultado la generación de nuevo conocimiento, junto con su apropiación y circulación. De este modo, podrá ser utilizado tanto en la acuicultura, especialmente en el cultivo de tilapia y peces continentales, como también en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones con peces marinos, todo con el objetivo de mejorar la productividad, lo que podría generar mayores ingresos a los empresarios, oportunidades de empleo y bienestar social. Adicionalmente, al ser consecuentes con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, gracias a la reducción en el uso de antibióticos, se tendrá menor impacto ambiental.
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Service, United States Forest, ed. Potency Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Strains And Formulations Against Gypsy Moth And Spruce Budworm Larvae..., General Technical Report NE-131... U.S. Department Of Agriculture. [S.l: s.n., 1997.

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Pavón Oro, Alequis Tomás. Efecto proapoptótico y antimetastásico en líneas tumorales humanas colorrectales de una proteína secretada por la bacteria Rizosférica Antártica Bacillus sp. K2I17. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/20.500.12728/87432019dcbm4.

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El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo, y específicamente en Chile el cáncer colorrectal es el único que presenta un aumento sostenido de la mortalidad en la última década. La búsqueda de nuevos agentes quimioterapeúticos anticancerígenos ha propuesto a los microorganismos extremófilos como una fuente potencial para obtener moléculas citotóxicas, que induzcan apoptosis en las células tumorales. Las condiciones extremas del continente antártico y las presiones selectivas por el espacio y los nutrientes que se producen entre los microorganismos del rizobioma de la planta Deschampsia antarctica Desv sugirieron como hipótesis que las bacterias rizosféricas aisladas en la Antártica secretan al sobrenadante de cultivo moléculas bioactivas que inhiben la invasión y proliferación de líneas tumorales humanas de origen colorrectal mediante un mecanismo apoptótico. En este sentido, el objetivo general del trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar a moléculas bioactivas con acción antinvasiva y antiproliferativa, además, determinar el mecanismo inhibitorio de la proliferación en líneas tumorales humanas de origen colorrectal. Los resultados del primer objetivo específico demostraron que los sobrenadantes de cultivo de los aislados rizosféricos antárticos K2 y MI disminuyeron la viabilidad de la línea celular de adenocarcinoma colorrectal LoVo en el ensayo de reducción metabólica del MTT. Además, como los sobrenadantes no tuvieron efecto en la viabilidad de las bacterias E. coli y Staphylococcus aureus, y tampoco en los hongos unicelulares Candida albicans y Saccharomyces cerevisiae, el resultado indicó que la actividad antiproliferativa fue selectiva hacia la línea celular LoVo.
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Tubercular meningitis, lumbar puncture: Tubercle bacilli in the fluid removed : puncture fluid inoculated into guinea pig producing general miliary tuberculosis. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bacillus genera"

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Logan, Niall A., and Marina Rodríguez-Díaz. "Bacillus spp. and Related Genera." In Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology, 139–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470017968.ch9.

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Abriouel, Hikmate, Nabil Benomar, Melanie Huch, Charles M. A. P. Franz, and Antonio Gálvez. "The genera Bacillus, Geobacillus and Halobacillus." In Lactic Acid Bacteria, 555–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118655252.ch31.

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Fritze, D., and D. Claus. "Spore-forming, lactic acid producing bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Sporolactobacillus." In The Genera of Lactic Acid Bacteria, 368–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5817-0_11.

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Claus, Dieter, Dagmar Fritze, and Miloslav Kocur. "Genera Related to the Genus Bacillus—Sporolactobacillus, Sporosarcina, Planococcus, Filibacter and Caryophanon." In The Prokaryotes, 631–53. New York, NY: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30744-3_19.

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Vasilchenko, Nikita, Maksim Kulikov, Varvara Stacenko, Viktor Pakhomov, Natalia Kulikova, and Nadezhda Gordeeva. "Regulation of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis as a Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Probiotics Based on the Bacteria Genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus." In XIV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021", 111–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81619-3_12.

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Price, Chester W. "General Stress Response." In Bacillus subtilis and Its Closest Relatives, 369–84. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817992.ch26.

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Molière, Noël, and Kürşad Turgay. "General and Regulatory Proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 73–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5940-4_4.

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Borriss, R., and J. Hofemeister. "Cloning and Expression of Bacillus β-Glucanase Genes." In Gene Manipulation and Expression, 33–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6565-5_3.

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Chambliss, G. H., and W. L. Nicholson. "Regulation of α-Amylase Synthesis in Bacillus Subtilis." In Gene Manipulation and Expression, 47–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6565-5_4.

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Arora, Naresh, Neema Agrawal, Vimala Yerramilli, and Raj K. Bhatnagar. "Biology And Applications Of Bacillus Thuringiensis In Integrated Pest anagement." In General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management, 227–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6061-8_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bacillus genera"

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Rastimesina, Inna, Olga Postolachi, Valentina Josan, Alina Cotoman, and Vera Mamaliga. "Screening of low density polyethylene degrading microorganisms." In National Scientific Symposium With International Participation: Modern Biotechnologies – Solutions to the Challenges of the Contemporary World. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb21.003.

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Bacteria, actinobacteria, and micromycetes stored in the National Collection of NonPathogenic Microorganisms (CNMN) were assessed for the capacity to grow and degrade LDPE. There were tested 15 strains of bacteria from genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus, and 15 strains of micromycetes from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. Among the studied bacterial strains, actinobacteria were more effective in LDPE degradation than bacilli and Pseudomonas spp. The members of genus Penicillium, in comparing with Aspergillus spp., degraded LDPE more actively.
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Gerasimchuk, A. L., P. A. Bukhtiyarova, D. V. Antsiferov, and D. A. Ivasenko. "Diversity and activity of cultivated lipophilic bacteria from fat-containing industrial wastes." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.085.

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Pure cultures of lipophilic microorganisms of different phylogenetic groups were isolated from fat-containing industrial wastewaters. The strains of the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus were the most active lipolytic microorganisms.
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Malkova, A. V. "Study of the bacilli antagonistic activity against storage molds of seed." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house RGAU-MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-108.

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The article presents the results of laboratory research on study the antagonistic activity of genus Bacillus bacteria natural strains in relation to storage molds of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.
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Arifiyanto, Achmad, Fitria Dwi Apriyanti, Puput Purwaningsih, Septian Hary Kalqutny, Dyah Agustina, Tini Surtiningsih, Maya Shovitri, and Enny Zulaika. "Lead (Pb) bioaccumulation; genera Bacillus isolate S1 and SS19 as a case study." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY CONFERENCE 2016: Biodiversity and Biotechnology for Human Welfare. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4985394.

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Frank, Y. А., R. V. Perchenko, К. S. Savelieva, А. S. Trushina, and D. V. Antsiferov. "NOVEL BACTERIAL PRODUCER STRAINS FOR INTENSIVE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY LITTER." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.240-243.

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Poultry waste composting in natural conditions is a rather slow process. Application of biological preparations based on thermo-tolerant and thermophilic microorganisms can intensify the compost maturation. Novel strains of thermophilic microorganisms — organic matter destructors — were isolated in the current work. The isolates were identified as representatives of Bacillus, Aneurinibacillus, Aeribacillus, and Ureibacillus genera. Isolated strains can be recommended for biological preparations to accelerate composting of poultry litter and other livestock farming waste.
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Ferdes, Mariana, and Rodica Roxana Constantinescu. "Isolation and characterization of fungal and bacterial proteolytic strains from chrome shavings." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.9.

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The chrome shavings waste obtained as a result of the leather finishing process accumulates in a large volume in tanneries and represent a major problem for the environment. This waste are particularly resistant to attack of microorganisms, due to the significant concentration of chromium and are thus difficult to degrade. In this study, chrome shavings were analyzed microbiologically by determining the total number of germs and the number of yeasts and molds on specific culture media. Several bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from the cultures in Petri dishes, after the growth of the colonies. These strains were characterized in terms of the production of proteolytic enzymes, by a method of screening on the media with casein, which allows the determination of proteolytic indices of microorganisms. As a result of the tests performed, five bacterial strains probably belonging to the genus Bacillus and two fungal strains from the genera Penicillium and Cladosporium were selected.
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Nagaoka, Yoshihiro, Noriyo Nishijima, Akira Koide, Hisao Inami, and Ryo Miyake. "Applications of Microfluidic Technology." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37554.

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We have developed products that apply microfluidic technology to various fields: micro-mixing servers used in the chemical development field and in the personal products industry such as perfume and cosmetics; water quality monitoring systems for monitoring water quality items in tap water systems; bio-detection systems for monitoring bacillus content in air. This technology has the advantages of quick, easy use, and efficient processing due to quicker reactions, but it is not yet widely used. For such technology to be adopted, bonding technology that can quickly bond general resin materials and surface reforming technology for obtaining long-term stability is extremely important.
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Reports on the topic "Bacillus genera"

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Robinson, Donald L., and Earl Woolley. The Use of the Bacillus Species to Express the Bacillus Anthracis Toxin Genes for Vaccine Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada297154.

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Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page, and Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.

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Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.
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Gwynn, Mick, and Damien McDevitt. A Global Quantitative Analysis of Operon/Gene Transcription in Bacillus Anthracis During Experimental Infection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417048.

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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.
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