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1
Utkhede, R. S., and P. L. Sholberg. "In vitro inhibition of plant pathogens by Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter aerogenes and in vivo control of two postharvest cherry diseases." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-178.
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Twenty-one isolates of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and one of Enterobacter aerogenes were tested on agar for antagonism to Alternaria alternata, Armillariella mellea, Botrytis allii, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Monilinia fructicola, Penicillium expansum, Phytophthora cactorum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium cepivorum, Verticillium dahliae, and Venturia inequalis, causal organisms of many plant diseases. Enterobacter aerogenes was antagonisic to all of the pathogenic fungi tested except Verticillium dahliae and Armillariella mellea. Similarly, Bacillus subtilis was antagonistic to all of the pathogenic fungi tested except Pythium ultimum. When Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis were tested in vivo on cherry fruit for control of postharvest brown rot and alternaria rot, Enterobacter aerogenes was ineffective. Eleven isolates of Bacillus subtilis provided effective alternaria rot control and 15 isolates provided brown rot control which ranked with the best fungicide control.
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Fardami, Aminu Yusuf, Abdullahi Hassan Kawo, Sani Yahaya, Maryam Lami Riskuwa-Shehu, Ibrahim Lawal, and Haruna Yahaya Ismail. "Isolation and Screening of Biosurfactant-producing Bacteria from Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10i1.664.
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Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by microorganisms that have different applications in solving many environmental problems. This study was carried out to screen biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil of Kano Metropolis, Kano State- Nigeria. Soil samples were collected and processed. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were enumerated, isolated and characterized using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Blood haemolysis, oil drop collapse and oil displacement tests were employed for the screening of the bacterial isolates for the potential to produce biosurfactant. The viable aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the samples ranges from 1.0 to 8.4×106 cfu/g. Eight bacterial genera were biochemically identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter alvei, Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. Bacillus subtilis had the highest frequency of occurrence of 5(27%) while Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter alvei have the least occurrences of 1(6%) each. The eight identified bacterial isolates were all positive for the haemolysis test, drop collapse and oil displacement test.
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Rodiansyah, Achmad, Ainul Fitria Mahmudah, Mastika Marisahani Ulfah, Uun Rohmawati, Dwi Listyorini, Eko Agus Suyono, and Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas. "Identification of Potential Bacteria on Several Lakes in East Java, Indonesia Based on 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.2.136.
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Four bacterial isolates from Ranu Pani and Ranu Grati in east java had been revealed to be potentials to produce IAA (PIS isolate), phosphate solubilizer (GPS isolate), cellulose hydrolysis (PSS isolate) and, amylum hydrolysis (PAS), two dominant bacterial isolates from Rani Pani (PØD isolate) and Ranu Grati (GØD isolate) which were co-cultured with microalgae promoted microalgae growth, yet its taxonomical position has not been clearly known. The aim of this study was to identify those bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA barcode. This research conducted by gDNA isolation, the 16S rRNA sequence was amplified using 27F and 1492R primers. Reconstructed phylogenetic trees and genetic distance analysis showed that the isolate PIS and PSS identified as Bacillus cereus Group closely related to Bacillus paramycoides. PAS isolate identified as Bacillus subtilis Group closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, GPS isolate identified as novel species in genus Enterobacter, and two dominant isolates (PØD and GØD) identified as Enterobacter cloacae complex closely related to Enterobacter cloacae. The genomic approach and additional phenotypes-examination are required to clarify its taxonomical position.
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Makut, Makwin Danladi, Toyosi Michelle Adebayo, and Jibril Egwu Owuna. "Bioremediation of soil polluted with spent lubricating oil using bacteria isolated from soil in Abuja Metropolis." BIOMED Natural and Applied Science 02, no. 03 (December 10, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/bnas02033340.
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Background: The presence of spent hydrocarbon in soil is a serious problem to the environment hence study on bioremediation of soil polluted with auto-mechanic oil in Abuja Metropolis was carried out. Methods: A total of twenty (20) soil samples were collected, bacteria were isolated from the contaminated soil and identified using standard microbiological methods. The spent hydrocarbon utilization was determined using Atomic Adsorption UV Spectrometer. Results: The total viable count of the bacteria was 1.07 x 106 from Apo Mechanic village, 1.10 x 106 from Utako Mechanic workshops, 0.40 x 106 from Gwarinpa Mechanic workshops and 2.04 x 106 from Area one Mechanic workshops. The percentage occurrence of bacteria from Apo Mechanic village was Enterobacter species 40.0%, Pseudomonas synxantha 60.0%, Bacillus zanthoxyli 40.0% and Proteus vulgaris 20.0%. Utako Mechanic workshops were Enterobacter kobei 20.0%, Pseudomonas synxantha 40.0%, Bacillus zanthoxyli 20.0% and Proteus vulgaris 40.0%. Gwarinpa Mechanic workshops were Pseudomonas synxantha 20.0% and Bacillus zanthoxyli 20.0%. Area one Mechanic workshops were Enterobacter kobei 40.0% and Pseudomonas synxantha 40.0%. The effect of days on utilization of spent hydrocarbon showed that Pseudomonas synxantha had highest utilized of spent hydrocarbon 19.55mg/ml after 21 days. The effect of pH on utilization of spent hydrocarbon show that at pH 7.5, Enterobacter kobei, Bacillus zanthoxyli and Proteus vulgaris species had the highest utilization of spent hydrocarbon ranging from 5 9.33mg/ml-12.70mg/ml. Effect of temperature on utilization of spent hydrocarbon showed that at 28OC Enterobacter kobei, Pseudomonas synxantha, Bacillus zanthxyli and Proteus vulgaris had the highest utilization of spent hydrocarbon ranging from 5.51mg/ml- 11.11mg/ml. the bacteria isolated from the contaminated soil have the ability to utilized the hydrocarbon if the soil is amended with some mineral element as shown in this study. Conclusion: In conclusion bacteria isolates effectively bioremediated the automechanic oil polluted soil with a reduction of hydrocarbon pollutants.
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Lavezzo, Letícia Fernanda, Denise de Lima Dias Delarica, Anne Hélène Fostier, Everlon Cid Rigobelo, Saveetha Kandasamy, George Lazarovits, Camila Chioda de Almeida, Danilo Olandino Souza, and Wanderley José de Melo. "Associations between microorganism and maize plant to remedy mercury-contaminated soil." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2731.
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Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic metals and is not essential for any organism. In this study, the potential of maize plants in association with bacteria to treat oxisol contaminated with Hg (II) was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment, and pots with 2 kg of oxisol were contaminated with HgCl2 solution at a dose of 36 mg kg-1 of Hg in a 7x4 factorial scheme: control (soil without Hg(II) and microorganisms), T2= (soil with Hg(II) and without microorganisms), and T3= soil with Hg(II) + Enterobacter cloacae, T4= Hg(II) + Bacillus subtilis, T5= Hg(II) + Enterobacter sp., T6= Hg(II) + Staphylococcus epidermidis, and T7= Hg(II) + Bacillus sp. Total Hg quantification was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. At the end of the experiment, the soil pH was significantly lower (0.3 to 0.4 pH unit) in the T2 (no inoculation), Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. treatments. Neither contamination of soil with Hg nor plant associations with bacteria led to differences in the root dry mass of maize plants. Maize plants associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus sp. bacteria had lower shoot biomass (71 and 50%) compared to the treatment 2. The best remedial effect was observed with the association of maize plants with Bacillus sp., which recovered 19.67% of Hg(II) in the soil when compared to control and treatment 2 and treatment with B. subtilis. The recommendation is the use of B. subtilis to decrease the toxicity caused by Hg(II).
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Abd, F. K., and A. E. S. Alkurtany. "Evaluation of Biofertilizers Prepared from Local Bacterial Isolates in the Growth and Yield of Cowpea in Gypsiferous Soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012072.
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Abstract For clean and sustainable agriculture based on natural, non-chemical products, a field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 on the cowpea plant in Salah Al-Din Governorate to evaluate the effect of six biofertilizers prepared from local bacterial isolates, which included: Bradyrhizobium manausense, Bradyrhizobium vignae, Rhizobium sp., Enterobacter cloaca, Enterobacter ludwigii, Bacillus cereus, in the growth and yield of cowpea in gypsiferous soil. The results showed that all inoculated treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment in all growth and yield traits of cowpea plant, it also appeared that a significant superiority of Brad. manausense biofertilizer followed by Brady. vignae in all plant traits: root nodules number, weight of root nodules, plant height, dry weight of plant, early yield of pods, concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in plant as it recorded 53 nodule plant−1, 2.01 g nodule−1, 58.42 cm, 63.83g plant−1, 3658 g plant−1, 4.12 N %, 0.49 P % respectively, compared to the control treatment which recorded 0 nodule plant−1, 0 g nodule−1, 27.1 cm, 15.32g plant−1 950 g plant−1, 1.34 N %, 0.13 P % respectively, and the results showed that the treatments with Rhizobium sp., Enterobacter cloaca, Enterobacter ludwigii, Bacillus cereus biofertizers did not record any formation of root nodules, also the results indicated that the treatment inoculated with the inoculum prepared from Enterobacter cloaca bacteria was superior to Rhizobium sp, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter ludwigii treatments in plant height, shoot dry weight and pod yield of cowpea plant.
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Ngalimat, Mohamad Syazwan, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman, Mohd Termizi Yusof, Amir Syahir, and Suriana Sabri. "Characterisation of bacteria isolated from the stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama, honey, bee bread and propolis." PeerJ 7 (August 22, 2019): e7478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7478.
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Bacteria are present in stingless bee nest products. However, detailed information on their characteristics is scarce. Thus, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of bacterial species isolated from Malaysian stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama, nest products. Honey, bee bread and propolis were collected aseptically from four geographical localities of Malaysia. Total plate count (TPC), bacterial identification, phenotypic profile and enzymatic and antibacterial activities were studied. The results indicated that the number of TPC varies from one location to another. A total of 41 different bacterial isolates from the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were identified. Bacillus species were the major bacteria found. Therein, Bacillus cereus was the most frequently isolated species followed by Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus oleronius, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus nealsonii, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus safensis, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea dispersa and Streptomyces kunmingensis. Phenotypic profile of 15 bacterial isolates using GEN III MicroPlate™ system revealed most of the isolates as capable to utilise carbohydrates as well as amino acids and carboxylic acids and derivatives. Proteolytic, lipolytic and cellulolytic activities as determined by enzymatic assays were detected in Bacillus stratosphericus PD6, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PD9, Bacillus subtilis BD3 and Bacillus safensis BD9. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PD9 showed broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. The multienzymes and antimicrobial activities exhibited by the bacterial isolates from H. itama nest products could provide potential sources of enzymes and antimicrobial compounds for biotechnological applications.
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Halda-Alija, L., and T. C. Johnston. "Diversity of culturable heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in pristine stream bed sediments." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-081.
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More than 900 culturable, heterotrophic aerobic isolates were obtained from the sediments of a forested, pristine stream and analyzed using three classical microbiological tests: API 20E, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and fatty acid analysis. Gram-negative bacteria comprised most of the heterotrophic aerobic isolates (66.7%), similar to other oligotrophic environments. The isolates were assigned to the genus level as Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Aeromonas, Methylobacterium, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, and Sporolactobacillus. Genotypic analysis by ARDRA facilitated the comparison among strains within Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Enterobacter groups. Temperature and predation may influence the survival of bacteria during seasons, as shown previously by others. Our results showed that the number of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, especially Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, and Aeromonas, and Gram-positive bacteria, decreased in winter compared to summer conditions.Key words: stream, heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, ARDRA.
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Kurniawan, Andri, Oedjijono Oedjijono, Tamad Tamad, and Uyi Sulaeman. "Short Communication: Biochemistry Analysis and Molecular Approach to Identify the Cultured Bacterial from Ex-Tin Mining Lakes." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 20, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.3.563-569.
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There are two methods to identify the bacterial characteristic, namely biochemical analysis and the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene (16S rRNA) sequencing analysis. The research aimed to identify the cultured bacterial from ex-tin mining lakes by biochemistry analysis and molecular approach. Nine bacterial were cultured and isolated in nutrient agar and then biochemically characterized by microbact™ 12A and 24E (Oxoid) identification kits. In addition, molecular analysis by 16S rRNA gene was sequenced primer 1492R and primer 27F. Based on biochemistry analysis, these bacterial were identified as belonging to species of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Enterobacter gergoviae; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacter agglomerans; and Nitrobacter spp. The sequence analysis in gene bank of NCBI indicated that these species had similarity with Klebsiella variicola strain F2R9 (Accession NR_025635.1); Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain LMG 2683 (Accession NR_044978.1); Serratia marcescens strain NBRC 102204 (Accession NR_114043.1); Bacillus marisflavi strain TF-11 (Accession NR_118437.1); Falsibacillus pallidus strain CW 7 (Accession NR_116287.1); Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DSM 30104 (Accession NR_117683.1); and Nitrobacter winogradskyi strain Nb-255 (Accession NR_074324.1). However, phylogenetic tree was constructed by Neighbor-Joining Test showed the cultured bacterial were not in the same clade and also with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain LT2 (Accession NR_074910.1); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BCRC 11601; and Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 (Accession NR_114042.1) as in group species and Micrococcus luteus strain NCTC 2665 (Accession NR_075062.2); Chloroflexus islandicus strain isl-2 (Accession NR_148571.2); Flavobacterium gondwanense (Accession M92278.1); and Cytophaga aurantiaca strain JM110 (Accession MN758870.1) as their out group.ABSTRAKTerdapat dua metode untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik bakteri, yaitu analisis biokimia dan analisis sekuensing gen 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA). Karakterisasi bakteri telah dilakukan melalui analisis morfologi dan biokimia dan dikonfirmasimelalui pendekatan molekuler menggunakan sekuensing gen 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri yang dapat dikultur dari danau pascatambang timah melalui analisis biokimiawi dan pendekatan molekuler. Sembilan bakteria berhasil dikultur dan diisolasi di media nutrient agar dan kemudian secara biokimiawi dikarakterisasi menggunakan microbact™ 12A and 24E (Oxoid) identification kits. Lebih lanjut, analisis molekuler menggunakan gen 16S rRNA dilakukan sekuensing dengan primer 1492R dan primer 27F. berdasarkan analisis biokimia, bakteri-bakteri tersebut termasuk ke dalam spesies Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Enterobacter gergoviae; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacter agglomerans; dan Nitrobacter spp. Analisis blasting pada gene bank di NCBI mengindikasikan bahwa spesies-spesies tersebut memiliki kemiripan atau similaritas dengan Klebsiella variicola strain F2R9 (Accession NR_025635.1); Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain LMG 2683 (Accession NR_044978.1); Serratia marcescens strain NBRC 102204 (Accession NR_114043.1); Bacillus marisflavi strain TF-11 (Accession NR_118437.1); Falsibacillus pallidus strain CW 7 (Accession NR_116287.1); Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DSM 30104 (Accession NR_117683.1); dan Nitrobacter winogradskyi strain Nb-255 (Accession NR_074324.1). Namun, pohon filogenetik yang dikonstruksikan dengan Neighbor-Joining Test menunjukkan bahwa bakteri yang dikultur tersebut tidak berada pada clade dan juga dengan Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strain LT2 (Accession NR_074910.1); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BCRC 11601; dan Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 (Accession NR_114042.1) yang digunakan sebagai spesies in group species maupun Micrococcus luteus strain NCTC 2665 (Accession NR_075062.2); Chloroflexus islandicus strain isl-2 (Accession NR_148571.2); Flavobacterium gondwanense (Accession M92278.1); dan Cytophaga aurantiaca strain JM110 (Accession MN758870.1) sebagai out groupnya.
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Marques, Eder, Kleiton Rodrigues Aquiles, Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum, and Carlos Hidemi Uesugi. "Bactérias extremófilas facultativas melhorando a germinabilidade de sementes de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. blake." Revista Árvore 38, no. 3 (June 2014): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622014000300011.
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Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da microbiolização de sementes com bactérias extremófilas facultativas (Bacillus sp. e Enterobacter sp.), isoladas, em trabalhos anteriores, a partir de condições extremas de pH e NaCl e capazes de levar ao incremento na fitomassa de eucalipto, na germinação de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. Para avaliar a germinabilidade, foram mensurados o tempo médio, a velocidade e o coeficiente de velocidade de germinação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 11 tratamentos (cinco estirpes de Bacillus sp., cinco de Enterobacter sp. e uma testemunha sem bactéria), formados por oito repetições com 25 sementes cada. Os resultados do estudo indicaram que as estirpes UnB 1366 e UnB 1374 de Bacillus sp. reduziram, significativamente, menor tempo médio e maiores coeficientes e velocidades de germinação em relação às demais estirpes.
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Onawola, O. O., I. S. Akande, W. O. Okunowo, and A. A. Osuntoki. "Isolation and identification of phytase-producing Bacillus and Enterobacter species from Nigerian soils." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 36, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v36i2.13.
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The bioavailability of phosphorus and other nutrients in feed for monogastrics is restricted by the presence of phytate. Exogenous supply of phytase produced by bacteria and other microbes can enhance the bioavailability of these nutrients and reduce phosphorus pollution. The objective of the study was to isolate bacteria with phytase-producing potentials from soil; which may be employed for the bioavailability of phosphorus and other nutrients in feed for monogastrics in Nigeria. Top soil samples were collected from two dumpsites in Lagos, Nigeria and bacteria were isolated and screened for potentials to produce phytase. The isolates with phytase potential were primarily identified by their cultural and biochemical characteristics and then confirmed using the 16S rRNA sequencing, after which their expressed phytases were quantified. A total of six isolates belonging to three species were identified as phytase producers. Sequence data analyses revealed these to be Bacillus subtilis (2), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (3) and Enterobacter cloacae (1) with accession numbers MH879827 and MH879832; MH879828, MH879830 and MH879831; and MH879829 respectively. Phenotypic phytase activity was highest in E. cloacae ODS 29 (9.69 ± 0.04 U/ml) and least in B. subtilis ODS 10 (8.83 ± 0.02 U/ml). In conclusion, phytase-producing Bacillus and Enterobacter species were isolated and characterized from Nigerian soils. These bacteria species could be used in biotechnological applications.
Keywords: Bacillus, Enterobacter, Monogastrics, Phylogenetic analysis, Phytase
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Mahami, Tahiru, Wellington Togby-Tetteh, Delali Isaac Kottoh, Leticia Amoakoah-Twum, Emmanuel Gasu, Sylvester Nana Yao Annan, Daniel Larbi, Isaac Adjei, and Abraham Adu-Gyamfi. "Microbial Food Safety Risk to Humans Associated with Poultry Feed: The Role of Irradiation." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (January 22, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6915736.
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Animal feed has been linked to human illness through the food chain as a result of food borne bacteria and more recently the risk of foodborne antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the extent to which radiation can be used as an intervention to improve the safety and quality of poultry feed in terms of food borne pathogens and antibiotic resistant microbes. Mean counts of control feed samples were Log10 5.98 for total viable count (TVC), Log10 4.76 for coliform count (CC), Log10 2.89 for Staphylococcus aureus count (STC), and Log10 4.57 for yeast and mold count (YMC) and Salmonella spp. (SC) was not detected (ND). All counts were within permissible levels except for CC (Log10 4.76) which was above the permissible limit of ≤ log10 4.0. Identified bacteria isolates were Enterobacter cloacae (54.5%), Bacillus cereus (27.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%). All (100%) isolates exhibited multidrug Resistance (MDR) with Bacillus cereus being the most resistant (to 9 out of 11 antibiotics) followed by Enterobacter cloacae/Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 out of 11 antibiotics). Several resistance patterns were observed with PEN/AMP/FLX being the commonest (100%), followed by ERY (90.9%), TET (72.7%), CRX (66.6%), CTX (45.4%), CHL/CTR (36.4%), GEN (27.3%), and COT (18.2%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed zero resistance to GEN/CHL/CTR/CTX/CRX while Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus exhibited zero resistance to GEN and COT, respectively. The most effective antibiotic against Gram negative bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae) was gentamicin while cotrimoxazole was the most effective against Bacillus cereus (Gram positive). Radiation processing of 5kGy totally eliminated all microbes including MDR food borne pathogens. In view of this, we recommend low dose radiation decontamination as a measure to mitigate against the possible food safety and public health risks to humans associated with poultry feed.
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Talip Abd-alla, Mays, Mohsen Hashim Risan, and Athraa H. Muhsin. "Microbial Contamination and Identification of Bacterial for Mobiles Phones in Iraq." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v7.i2.8017.
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This study was conducted to isolate and identify bacteria contaminants on a mobile phone. The samples were collected randomly from 20 mobile phones. This study was conducted between October to December, 2016 at College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University. The isolated colonies were then sub cultured in nutrient agar and slants in order to obtain pure culture of all the six colonies. Six genera of bacteria were identified from positive cultures. In all, 20 swab samples of mobile phone were randomly examined, 19 bacterial isolates were identified from mobile phones were found contaminated with microbiota. The highest prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed in mobile phones. The research findings indicated that S. aureus (8 isolates), Escherichia coli (4 isolates), Enterobacter spp (2 isolates), Bacillus (1 isolates ), Streptococceus spp (1 isolates), and Pseudomonas spp (3 isolates), were the main isolates frequently associated with the mobile phones. Showed Percentage of bacterial isolates from the samples collected from mobile phones after calculating the total percentage of each isolate, found S. aureus, E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Bacillus, Streptococceus spp and Pseudomonas spp in the percentage of 42.10 %, 21.05 %, 10.52%, 5.26 %, 5.26 % and 15.78 % respectively. The results showed that mobile phones were contaminated with different types of bacteria mentioned above. Gram positive cocci, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus spp. were identified based on morphological characteristics. Gram negative bacilli, E. coli, Enterobacter, Bacillus and Pseudomonas were identified based on morphological characteristics. Nineteen isolates from 20 observed mobile phones belonging to the students. The highest prevalence in male was (13 isolates) and were percentage of bacteria isolated 66.66%, while in female were (6 isolates) and percentage of bacteria isolated 33.33%. Also showed results Percentage of total bacteria isolated of female and male, were 31.57% and 68.42 % respectively.
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Mahdi, Ismail, Nidal Fahsi, Mohamed Hafidi, Saad Benjelloun, Abdelmounaaim Allaoui, and Latefa Biskri. "Rhizospheric Phosphate Solubilizing Bacillus atrophaeus GQJK17 S8 Increases Quinoa Seedling, Withstands Heavy Metals, and Mitigates Salt Stress." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 3307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063307.
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Introduction of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.), a gluten-free nutritious pseudo-cereal, outside its traditional growing areas exposed it to seedling damping-off. Here, we isolated eleven phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from the quinoa rhizosphere and assessed their effect on germination and seedlings growth. All isolates solubilized phosphate, produced indole3-acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, siderophores, and ammonia. Genotypic analysis revealed that our strains are related to the genus of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter. Strains Enterobacter asburiae (QD14, QE4, QE6, and QE16), Enterobacter sp. QE3, and Enterobacter hormaechei QE7 withstood 1.5 mg·L−1 of cadmium sulfate, 0.5 mg·mL−1 of nickel nitrate, and 1 mg·mL−1 of copper sulfate. Moreover, all strains solubilized zinc from ZnO; P. Stutzeri QD1 and E. asburiae QD14 did not solubilize Zn3(PO4)2 and CO3Zn, whereas CO3Zn was not solubilized by E. asburiae QE16. Bacillus atrophaeus S8 tolerated 11% NaCl. P. frederiksbergensis S6 and Pseudomonas sp. S7 induced biofilm formation. Anti-fusarium activity was demonstrated for E.asburiae QE16, P. stutzeri QD1, P. frederiksbergensis S6, Pseudomonas sp. S7, and B. atrophaeus S8. Lastly, inoculation of quinoa seeds with B. atrophaeus S8 and E. asburiae QB1 induced the best germination rate and seedling growth, suggesting their potential use as inoculants for salty and heavy metal or zinc contaminated soils.
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Makwin Danladi Makut, Chinwe Joan ogu, Ngozika F. Okey-Ndeche, and Smart O. Obiekezie. "Optimum conditions for the biodegradation of waste low-density polyethylene strips by bacteria isolated from parts of north central Nigeria." Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2023.8.2.0039.
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Optimum conditions (Temperature, pH and incubation time) were studied for selected bacterial isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa1(PA1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa2 (PA2), Bacillus megaterium, Providencia stuarti, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus vulgaris to biodegrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste by using Basal Salts Medium (BSM) containing 0.500g LDPE strips (1 cm by 5 cm each) using changes in mechanical properties and weight loss of the strips as indicators for ability of these microorganisms to degrade LDPE. The results revealed that four of the eight bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa2, Bacillus megaterium, and Providencia stuarti showed high ability to degrade the LDPE strips after 8 weeks of incubation in liquid Basal Salts Medium at pH 6.5 -7.5 and 32oC. The tensile strength of the LDPE strips was reduced by 0.047±0.41 MN/M2 (47%) for P. aeruginosa1, 0.040±0.30 MN/M2 (40%) for P. aeruginosa2, Bacillus megaterium, 0.033±0.61 MN/M2 (33%), and Providencia stuarti, 0.027±0.41 MN/M2 (27%). The weight loss of the LDPE recorded for Pseudomonas aeruginosa1 was 19.80±0.04 %, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa2 19.40±0.08 %, 13.40±0.10 %, for Bacillus megaterium and 19.20±0.42 % for Providencia stuarti respectively. There was significant difference in the weight loss of the LDPE strips at pH 6.5 for Bacillus megaterium, Providencia stuarti, Alcaligenes faecalis and Enterobacter hormaechei and at 30-32 oC for Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus megaterium, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus vulgaris(P>0.05 %).
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Ika Nurjanah, Mauludiyah, and Misbakhul Munir. "Potensi Degradasi Minyak Solar oleh Bakteri Hidrokarbonoklastik di Perairan Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya." Journal of Marine Resources and Coastal Management 1, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/mrcm.v1i1.881.
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Tingginya kepadatan trafik di pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya dapat menimbulkan masalah baru yaitu peningkatan kapasitas pengisian minyak solar pada kapal sehingga mengakibatkan volume buangan yang mengandung minyak (oily waste) cenderung meningkat. Alternatif penanggulangan secara tepat dan tidak menganggu lingkungan yaitu dengan cara menggunakan bakteri yang mampu mendegradasi minyak solar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bakteri yang berpotensi mendegradasi minyak solar di pelabuhan Tanjung Perak dan dapat mengetahui kemampuan isolat bakteri tersebut dalam mendegradasi minyak solar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada pengambilan sampel air laut dan menggunakan metode observasi di laboratorium untuk isolasi bakteri pendegradasi minyak, karakterisasi pengamatan bakteri, dan uji biodegradasi minyak solar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perairan pelabuhan Tanjung Perak diperoleh tujuh isolat bakteri pendegradasi minyak solar. Lima isolat terdapat pada Stasiun 1, area dimana potensi pencemaran minyak solar lebih tinggi, yaitu genus Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, dan Citrobacter. Dua isolat lainnya yaitu genus Bacillus dan Klebsiella diperoleh dari Stasiun 2. Hasil identifikasi bakteri yang mampu mendegradasi minyak solar secara signifikan adalah konsorsium (isolat campuran pada genus Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter dan Citrobacter) dengan persentase biodegradasi sebesar 94,57%. Pada isolat tunggal, pada Stasiun 1 yang memiliki persentase biodegradasi tertinggi adalah genus Pseudomonas dan Bacillus dengan persentase biodegradasi masing – masing sebesar 91,94 % dan 89,99%. Pada Stasiun 2, bakteri pendegradasi yang memiliki persentase tertinggi adalah genus Bacillus dengan persentase 88,61 %.
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Дацько, Оксана Миколаївна. "РОСЛИННІ ПРОБІОТИКИ: ВПЛИВ НА РОСЛИНИ В УМОВАХ СТРЕСУ." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology 43, no. 1 (October 12, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2021.1.2.
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Світове сільське господарство стоїть на порозі нової революції. Агровиробники прагнуть використовувати менше мінеральних добрив та пестицидів і при цьому отримувати високі врожаї. Одим із інструментів, що можуть сприяти цьому, є рослинні пробіотики. Тому мета цієї статті дослідити вплив корисних мікроорганізмів на сільськогосподарські культури, а саме на те які бактерії чи гриби можуть сприяти в боротьбі рослин проти стресу від посухи, засолених ґрунтів чи патогенів. Важливим аспектом дослідження стала також інформація про те, що міроорганізи позитивно впли-вають на поглинання рослинами поживних речовин. Всі ці фактори негативно впливають на вирощування кукурудзи на силос (Zea mays L.), особливо в умовах швидкої зміни клімату. Для проведення дослідження було проаналізовано літера-турні джерела зарубіжних та вітчизняних авторів. В результаті дослідження було з’ясовано, що на стрес від посухи у посівах кукурудзи впливає Azospirillum lipoferum. На засолених ґрунтах рослини кукурудзи краще переживають стрес за інокуляції рослин Pseudomonas syringae, Enterobacter aerogenes, P. fluorescens, Bacillus aquimaris, Serratia liquefaciens, Gracilibacillus, Staphylococcus, Virgibacillus, Salinicoccus, Bacillus, Zhihengliuella, Brevibacterium, Oceanobacillus, Exiguobacterium, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Halomonas та ін. Дію на патогени в посівах кукурудзи виявляють Pseudomonas fluorescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Pseudomonas, Bacillus cereus. На засвоєння рослинами кукурудзи по-живних речовин впливають Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Bacillus polymyxa, Mycobacterium phlei, Burkholderia, Bacillus spp., Herbaspirillum, Enterobacteriales, Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Арбускулярні мікоризні гриби, Enterobacter E1S2, Klebsiella MK2R2, Bacillus B2L2, Azospirillum brasilence, Micromonospora, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Hyphomicrobium, Rhizobium, Azohydromonas spp., Azospirillum spp. та інші. Цікавим фактом, що було виявлено в результаті цієї статті стало те, що деякі мікроорганізми можуть виявляти позитивну дію на рослину-госоподаря не лише в одному напрямку як наприклад, Pseudomonas fluorescens.
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Hamzah, Asaad Faraj, Mohammed Idrees Al-Mossawy, Wijdan Hussein Al-Tamimi, Fahad M. Al-Najm, and Zainab Mohsen Hameed. "Enhancing the spontaneous imbibition process using biosurfactants produced from bacteria isolated from Al-Rafidiya oil field for improved oil recovery." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00874-9.
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Abstract Among 64 bacterial strains isolated in this study, the best two of biosurfactant-producing bacteria were selected and identified based on the phenotypic properties and molecular approach based on 16S rRNA having 100% similarity to the gram-negative Enterobacter aerogenes B19 strain bacteria and rode gram-positive strain Bacillus cereus ISU-02 in the Nucleotide database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The study showed that two selected isolates gave the highest positive results that were used to investigate the biosurfactant production including: interfacial reduction, foaming activity, hemolytic activity, CTAB agar plate, drop collapse assay, oil displacement test and emulsification index E24%. Both Bacillus cereus ISU-02 strain and Enterobacter aerogenes B19 strain have reduced the interfacial tension to 27.61 and 28.93, respectively. Biosurfactants produced from both isolates were tested for oil recovery using spontaneous imbibition process. Bacillus cereus ISU-02 strain gave the highest oil recovery of 66.9% for rock permeability of 843 mD, followed by Enterobacter aerogenes B19 strain with oil recovery of 34% for rock permeability 197 mD, while the lowest rate of oil recovery was 12.1% for FW with permeability of 770 mD. An additional oil rate reached to 7.9% has been recovered from the residual oil when the core plug that was treated with formation water alone was retreated with the cell free biosurfactant supernatant. Use of the new biosurfactants has improved oil recovery better than use of formation water alone or formation water with the commercial surfactant SDS.
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Adel Qasim, Doaa. "Isolation and identification of some types of histamine-producing bacteria from shrimp in local markets." Sumer 1 8, CSS 1 (August 15, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.47.
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Different genera and species of bacteria were isolated from shrimp, which were brought from the Al-Faw area in the Basra governorate, and these isolates were diagnosed after purification through studying their phenotypic characteristics and conducting API confirmation, biochemical tests, motility examination and staining with gram stain, in addition to using different types of diagnostic tools bacteria. Twenty-five bacterial isolates of genera and species of bacteria were isolated and diagnosed from shrimp. Morganella morganii sub. Morganii,, Klebsiella pneumonia sub. Pneumonia, Proteus marina, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter tailored, Cronobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aeromonas sobria. The results of the detection of histamine-producing bacteria, which were detected by using broth media such as Histamine decarboxylase broth (HDB), Trypticase Soy brothhistidine (TSBH) and solid media such as Histamine decarboxylase agar (HDA) showed that all bacteria were producing histamine in different proportions except Aeromonas sobria and Hafnia alvei were non-histamine-producing. Keywords: histamine, shrimp, bacterial contamination
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Neela, Farzana Ashrafi, Md Atiquer Rahman, MST Nasrin Akhter Banu, M. Habibur Rahman, Hiroyuki Ohta, and M. Firoz Alam. "Occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in some shrimp farms of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 41, no. 2 (January 22, 2013): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13449.
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Tetracycline (TC) and ampicillin (AMP) resistant bacteria were identified from both fresh and brackish water shrimp farming system, in Bangladesh. Among 78 isolates from freshwater samples, 14.10, 17.95 and 23.8% were found resistant to TC, AMP and TC plus AMP, respectively. On the other hand, isolates from the brackish water samples, the percentages of TC, AMP and TC plus AMP resistant isolates were 10.25, 12.82 and 15.38, respectively. In freshwater samples, the highest percentage of resistant bacteria was Bacillus sp. (38.9), Pseudomonas sp. (22.2), Staphylococcus sp. (16.7), Acinetobacter sp. (11.1), Brevibacillus sp. (5.5) and Enterobacter sp. (5.5). While in brackish water samples dominant resistant bacteria was Bacillus sp. (50) followed by Pseudomonas sp. (16.7), Acinetobacter sp. (16.7), Enterobacter sp. (8.3) and Microvirgula sp. (8.3). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13449 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 197-200, 2012 (December)
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Bakun, Y., L. Ulko, and O. Nechiporenko. "Effect of probiotics Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus megaterium on intestinal microbiota of piglets." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 104 (December 23, 2021): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10422.
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Following the ban on the use of antibiotics in animal feed in January 2006 in the EU due to fears and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), combined with increased consumer demand for safe food of animal origin, new strategies have been proposed to address diarrhea in piglets. occurs after weaning from sows. Accordingly, probiotics are used to create a healthy gut microbiota, improve health, well-being and productivity at all stages of pork production. Probiotics have been identified by FAO as living microorganisms that benefit animal health when taken in the right amounts. Recently, however, due to increased interest and increased research on probiotics, the definition has been expanded to include microorganisms and their fermentation products. Probiotics are defined as mixtures of known viable microbes in equivalent amounts that modify the host's microflora to benefit its health. Particularly reliable are the strains of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus coagulans, which are able to withstand extreme environments, such as high levels of acid in the stomach, and this makes them particularly effective in eliminating gastric distress and other diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of probiotic strains of microorganisms on the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. Addition to the diet of piglets Bacillus megaterium has a positive effect on the reproduction and accumulation of lactobacilli, helps to suppress opportunistic pathogens from the family Enterobacteriaceae (Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella). Probiotic strains of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, reduce the number of opportunistic pathogens from the family Escherichia coli, which has hemolytic activity, compared with the control group where Escherichia coli with hemolytic activity was isolated. The number of opportunistic pathogens from the family Enterobacteriaceae (Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella) in the feces of piglets of the experimental group fed Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus megaterium was 101, which is lower than in the control group – 1×102.
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Ali, Basharat. "Functional and Genetic Diversity of Bacteria Associated with the Surfaces of Agronomic Plants." Plants 8, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8040091.
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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and agricultural significance of bacterial communities associated with the surfaces of selected agronomic plants (carrot, cabbage and turnip). The bacterial diversity of fresh agricultural produce was targeted to identify beneficial plant microflora or opportunistic human pathogens that may be associated with the surfaces of plants. Bacterial strains were screened in vitro for auxin production, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the presence of several bacterial genera including Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Bacillus, Kluyvera, Lysinibacillus, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Burkholderia, Exiguobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Arthrobacter and Klebsiella. To address the biosafety issue, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of strains was determined against different antibiotics. The majority of the strains were resistant to amoxicillin (25 µg) and nalidixic acid (30 µg). Strains were also screened for plant growth-promoting attributes to evaluate their positive interaction with colonized plants. Maximum auxin production was observed with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MCt-1 (101 µg mL−1) and Bacillus cereus PCt-1 (97 µg mL−1). Arthrobacter nicotianae Lb-41 and Exiguobacterium mexicanum MCb-4 were strong biofilm producers. In conclusion, surfaces of raw vegetables were inhabited by different bacterial genera. Potential human pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter amnigenus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also isolated, which makes the biosafety of these vegetable a great concern for the local community. Nevertheless, these microbes also harbor beneficial plant growth-promoting traits that indicated their positive interaction with their host plants. In particular, bacterial auxin production may facilitate the growth of agronomic plants under natural conditions. Moreover, biofilm formation may help bacteria to colonize plant surfaces to show positive interactions with host plants.
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Stephanie Ogbebor, Agbonomaire. "Phytochemical Quality and Antibacterial Activity of Triclisia patens Oliv. Root Extract." Arid Zone Journal of Basic and Applied Research 2, no. 4 (August 17, 2023): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55639/607.040302.
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The resistance to drugs by microorganisms has been on the increase despite the production of new antibiotics. Thus, it is necessary to further explore natural products to solve the problem of lingering treatment failures. This study aimed to assess the phytochemical quality and antibacterial efficacy of Triclisia patens Oliv. root extract. Cold maceration method was used to obtain the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. Standard methods were applied to assay for the phytochemical constituents who include; alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and phenols using the ethyl acetate extract. The antibacterial activity and the minimum inhibition concentration were determined using agar well diffusion and agar dilution method respectively. The test organisms used were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp. Following phytochemical screening, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids were discovered to be present. The inhibition zone diameters of the ethyl acetate extracts were 13.00 mm, 13.70 mm, and 20.00 mm against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while no inhibition zones were reported for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp. The aqueous extract revealed inhibition zone of 24.00 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, but no inhibition against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethyl acetate extract was 50.00 mg/mL, 3.12 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The MIC for the aqueous extract was greater than 100 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. The ethyl acetate extract showed better antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens compared to the aqueous extract. The outcome of the study has validated the ethnomedicinal uses of Triclisia patens Oliv. and shown that it can be used as a source of pharmacological compounds.
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Yana, Alda, Siti Hafsah, and Syamsuddin Syamsuddin. "Pengaruh Tingkat Kerapatan Inokulum Rizobakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Terhadap Viabilitas Dan Vigor Serta Bibit Tomat Kadaluarsa (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 7, no. 4 (November 13, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i4.21394.
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Abstrak.Pengaruh jenis rizobakteri dan tingkat kerapatan inokulum terhadap viabilitas dan vigor serta bibit tomat kadaluarsa merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Januari-Februari 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4x4 dengan 3 ulangan. Terdapat 2 faktor yang diteliti yaitu jenis rizobakteri yang terdiri dari Enterobacter sichuanensis (ASP 5/7), Bacillus subtilis (ASP 7/2), Burkloherdia cepacia (ASP 7/4) dan Bacillus subtilis (ASP 7/5) serta 4 tingkat kerapatan inokulum yang terdiri atas Kontrol (K0), 0,092 cfu/ml (K1), 0,192 cfu/ml (K2), dan 0,292 cfu/ml (K3) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Terdapat interakti sangat nyata terhadap jenis rizobakteri dan tingkat kerapatan inokulum rizobakteri terhadap parameter berat kering dengan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik diperoleh dari jenis rizobakteri Enterobacter sichuanensis ASP 5/7 dengan tingkat kerapatan 0,292 cfu/ml. Terdapat interaksi nyata terhadap parameter potensi tumbuh maksimum dengan perlakuan terbaik diperoleh dari jenis rizobakteri Bacillus subtilis ASP 7/5 dengan tingkat kerapatan 0,092 cfu/ml dan pada jumlah daun 2 MST dengan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada jenis rizobakteri Bacillus subtilis ASP 7/2 dengan tingkat kerapatan 0,192 cfu/ml.The Effect of the Inoculum Density of Rhizobacteria That Promote Plant Growth on Vibility and Vigor as Well as Expired Tomato Seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)Abstract. The effect of rhizobacteria species and inoculum density level on viability and vigor as well as expired tomato seedlings was the aim of this study. This research was conducted at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. This research was conducted from January to February 2022. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4x4 factorial pattern with 3 replications. The factors studied were 2 types of rhizobacteria consisting of Enterobacter sichuanensis (ASP 5/7), Bacillus subtilis (ASP 7/2), Burkloherdia cepacia (ASP 7/4) and Bacillus subtilis (ASP 7/5) and 4 levels of density. inoculum consisting of Control (K0), 0.092 cfu/ml (K1), 0.192 cfu/ml (K2), and 0.292 cfu/ml (K3) with 3 replications. The results showed that there was an interaction. There was a very significant interaction between the type of rhizobacteria and the density level of the rhizobacteria inoculum on the dry weight parameter with the best combination of treatments obtained from the type of rhizobacteria Enterobacter sichuanensis ASP 5/7 with a density level of 0.292 cfu/ml. There was a significant interaction with the parameters of maximum growth potential with the best combination of treatment obtained from the type of rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis ASP 7/5 with a density level of 0.092 cfu/ml and on the number of leaves 2 MST with the best combination treatment was found in the type of rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis ASP 7/2 with density level of 0.192 cfu/ml.
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Santos, Roberta Mendes dos, and Everlon Cid Rigobelo. "Selection of Saccharum spp. rhizobacteria with growth-promoting properties using PCA analysis." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2698.
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The search for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is an ongoing need for the development of new bioinoculants for use in various crops, including sugarcane. Bacterial strains with various plant growth-promoting properties can contribute to sustainable agricultural production. The present study aimed to isolate, characterize and select sugarcane rhizobacteria from six different varieties through principal components analysis. This study selected 167 bacterial strains with the ability to fix nitrogen, produce indolacetic acid, exhibit cellulolytic activity, and solubilize phosphate and potassium were isolated. Of these 167 bacterial strains, seven were selected by principal component analysis and identified as belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Bacillus and Achromobacter. Bacillus thuringiensis IP21 presented higher potential for nitrogen fixation and CaPO4 and AlPO4 solubilization and a lower potential for K solubilization in sugarcane. Enterobacter asburiae IP24 was efficient in indolacetic acid production and CaPO4 and FePO4 solubilization and inefficient for Araxá apatite solubilization.
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Zannat, Faozia, and Md Abdul Karim. "Isolation and characterization of bacteria grown on polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottles." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 52, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v52i4.70611.
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a polymer used in the production of water and beverage bottles as well as textiles, and packaging materials. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize PET-associated bacteria. The samples were collected from different sites in Dhaka and inoculated into enriched culture media. The predominant bacteria were Bacillus (31%), Pseudomonas (31%), and Enterobacter (10%), while others were Listeria, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Kluyerea, Staphylococcus and Morganella. Most bacteria can grow at 30 - 40°C temperature and 6.5 - 7.5 pH. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(4): 1071-1076, 2023 (December)
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Nurhafid, Mohammad, Hamdan Syakuri, Oedjijono Oedjijono, Emyliana Listiowati, Anandita Ekasanti, Dewi Nugrayani, and Hendro Pramono. "Isolasi dan Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Proteolitik dari Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dibudidayakan di Kabupaten Banyumas." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.64072.
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Keberadaan bakteri proteolitik pada komoditas akuakultur penting untuk dipelajari, salah satunya terkait dengan praktek budidaya ikan skala kecil di daerah pedesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan melakukan identifikasi secara molekuler bakteri proteolitik yang diisolasi dari saluran pencernaan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Sampel ikan nila diambil dari tiga unit kegiatan akuakultur yang menggunakan pakan berbeda di Kabupaten Banyumas yaitu dari Desa Pandak (dengan probiotik, pakan pellet), Desa Beji (tanpa probiotik, pakan tumbuhan) dan Desa Tambaksogra (dengan probiotik, kombinasi pakan pellet dan tumbuhan). Jumlah bakteri, proporsi bakteri proteolitik, dan indeks aktifitas proteolitik diamati dari usus bagian anterior, middle, dan posterior. Sampel isolat bakteri proteolitik dikelompokkan berdasarkan hasil analisis restriksi 16S rDNA menggunakan software PhyElp. Bakteri dari setiap kelompok diidentifikasi berdasarkan sekuen gen 16S rDNA dengan menggunakan analisis BLAST dan analisis filogenetik. Jumlah bakteri di saluran pencernaan ikan nila dari tiga tempat relatif sama dan cenderung meningkat ke arah posterior. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan nila dari Desa Pandak memiliki proporsi bakteri proteolitik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sampel ikan dari Desa Beji dan Tambaksogra. Nilai aktivitas bakteri proteolitik saluran pencernaan ikan nila dari Desa Pandak relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dari dua desa lainnya. Bakteri proteolitik dari saluran pencernaan ikan nila dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 15 kelompok berdasarkan polimorfisme hasil digesti fragment gen 16S rDNA. Sampel dari 15 kelompok tersebut memiliki sekuen 16S rDNA yang mirip dengan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 isolat), Plesiomonas shigelloides, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas veronii, Klebsiella variicola, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter hormaechei (2 isolat), Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens dan Bacillus sp.
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Setianingsih, Ika, Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, Syarif Hidayat, and Dicky Andiarsa. "Semut sebagai vektor mekanik bakteri di dalam gedung Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan: studi pendahuluan." Journal of Health Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases 3, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jhecds.v3i2.1791.
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Ants are now now noticeable as a mechanical vector of pathogenic bacteria, some of which have been resistant to certain antibiotics. Its wide presence allows ants to easily transmit disease agents. This study aims to determine the type of ants in Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu and possible role as a vector mechanical bacteria. This research was conducted at Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu from August to September 2017, the sample was obtained from 15 rooms by using the sugar solution feed placed in the microtube, then the ant was identified by referring to Key to Identifying Common Household Ants and Pictorial Key to the Common Urban Ants of North Carolina, followed by identification of bacteria on selective and biochemical media referring to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 2. Out of a total of 16 samples, five types of ants are known: Tapinoma melanochephalum, Paratrechina longicornis, Tetramorium caespitum, and Anoplolepis gracilipes , and Solenopsis spp. Bacteria are found in all types of ants. The bacteria identified were Bacillus alvei, Bacillus badius, Bacillus insulitus, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter aglomerans, and Klebsiella ozonae, and Enterobacter spp. The ants found in Balai P2B2 Tanah Bumbu are potentially bacterial mechanical vectors.
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György, Éva, Károly Arnold Unguran, and Éva Laslo. "Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese." Foods 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2023): 3937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12213937.
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In this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) and biocide (peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride) resistance of clinically relevant bacteria was determined as follows: Staphylococcus aureus, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Bacillus sp., Kocuria varians, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter pasteurii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella michiganensis, Enterobacter sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sichuanensis, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enterica. Also, the effect of the sub-inhibitory concentration of three biocides on antibiotic resistance was determined. The microbiota of evaluated dairy products comprise diverse and heterogeneous groups of bacteria with respect to antibiotic and disinfectant tolerance. The results indicated that resistance was common in the case of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin. Bacillus sp. SCSSZT2/3, Enterococcus faecalis SRGT/1, E. coli SAT/1, Raoultella ornithinolytica MTT/5, and S. aureus SIJ/2 showed resistance to most antibiotics. The tested bacteria showed sensitivity to peracetic acid and a different level of tolerance to benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. The inhibition zone diameter of antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis SZT/2, S. aureus JS11, E. coli CSKO2, and Kocuria varians GRT/10 was affected only by the sub-inhibitory concentration of peracetic acid.
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Magdalena, Stella, Inez Johanna, and Yogiara Yogiara. "DETECTION OF QUORUM QUENCHING-PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM RHIZOSPHERE SOIL AS A BIOCONTROL AGENTS." TEKNOSAINS: MEDIA INFORMASI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/teknosains.v15i1.16178.
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Quorum sensing is known as a communication mechanism among bacteria to control gene expression such as bioluminescence, pigmentation, and pathogenicity. Quorum quenching is known as inhibition of quorum sensing activity. In order to block quorum sensing activity, some bacteria produced enzymes which could degrade AHL, such as AHL-acylase, AHL-lactonase, and AHL-oxidase and reductase. In this study, soil bacteria were isolated and screened for their quorum quenching activity. These isolates were divided into Streptomyces and non-Streptomyces isolates. Detection were done by using Chromobacterium violaceum as an indicator bacteria for pigment inhibition by quorum quenching activity. About 10 out of 695 isolates were shown to possess quorum quenching activity. These isolates were further identified by biochemical tests, Gram staining, and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Four positive isolates showed similarity with Streptomyces sp., and 6 positive isolates were non-Streptomyces which showed similarity with Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sp., Enterobacter ludwigii, and Enterobacter sp.
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Patel, Sanjay K. S., Prasun Kumar, Sanjeet Mehariya, Hemant J. Purohit, Jung-Kul Lee, and Vipin C. Kalia. "Enhancement in hydrogen production by co-cultures of Bacillus and Enterobacter." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39, no. 27 (September 2014): 14663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.07.084.
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Mi, Liang, Ziqiong Gu, Ying Li, Wenyue Xu, Changlong Shu, Jie Zhang, Xi Bai, and Lili Geng. "Enterobacter Strain IPPBiotE33 Displays a Synergistic Effect with Bacillus thuringiensis Bt185." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18 (September 16, 2023): 14193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814193.
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The discovery and isolation of new non-Bt insecticidal bacteria and genes are significant for the development of new biopesticides against coleopteran pests. In this study, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of non-Bt insecticidal bacteria, PPBiotE33, IPPBiotC41, IPPBiotA42 and IPPBiotC43, isolated from the peanut rhizosphere. All these strains showed insecticidal activity against first- and third-instar larvae of Holotrichia parallela, Holotrichia oblita, Anomala corpulenta and Potosia brevitarsis. IPPBiotE33 showed the highest toxicity among the four strains and exhibited virulence against Colaphellus bowringi. The genome of IPPBiotE33 was sequenced, and a new protein, 03673, with growth inhibition effects on C. bowringi was obtained. In addition, IPPBiotE33 had a synergistic effect with Bacillus thuringiensis Bt185 against H. parallela in bioassays and back-inoculation experiments with peanut seedlings. IPPBiotE33 induced a decrease in hemocytes and an increase in phenol oxidase activity in H. parallela hemolymph, known as the immunosuppressive effect, which mediated synergistic activity with Bt185. This study increased our knowledge of the new insecticidal strain IPPBiotE33 and shed new light on the research on new insecticidal coaction mechanisms and new blended pesticides.
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T*, Anthoney Swamy, Jackie Obey K, Miyogo Edwin, and Lasiti T. Timothy. "Bioassay screening of the ethanolic extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves on selected microorganisms." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 02 (January 31, 2016): 4794. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.02.006.
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The study was conducted to analyze the antibacterial activity of Tithonia diversifolia leaves. The plant was extracted using Ethanol and water in the ratio 9:1. From the study the plant Tithonia diversifolia was found to inhibit the growth of Staphilococcus epidermidis (36.80mm), Enterobacter aerogenes (31.20mm), Streptococcus α-hemolytic (29.60mm), Bacillus cereus (26.2mm), Escherichia coli (10.40mm) and Streptococcus γ-hemolytic (0.000mm)The data collected and documented in this paper is a scientifically justification that the plant can be used to treat against various diseases caused by Staphilococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter aerogenes. However, further studies need to be done to identify the mode of action of the active compounds in the plant.
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Adelgareeva, A. Yu, S. N. Starikov, and T. V. Markusheva. "SCREENING OF tod C1 GENE IN THE BACTERIA OF TECHNOGENIC ECOTOPES." ÈKOBIOTEH 4, no. 4 (2021): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2021-4-4-310-315.
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The todC1 gene was screened in microorganisms of the Republic of Bashkortostan industrial ecotopes. The todC1-like sequences were not found in the bacteria of the Bacillus, Cellulosimicrobium, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Gordonia, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Raoultella, Rhodococcus and Serratia genera. The todC1 gene was detected by PCR in the bacteria of Paenibacillus genus.
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Lakshmi, K. Prasanna, and G. M. Narasimha Rao. "Antimicrobial Activity of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) Against Selected Pathogens." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 09 (October 11, 2023): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2023.v08i09.003.
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This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of halophytic plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) against, some plant and human pathogens. Plant parts of S. portulacastrum were collected from the mangrove habitats of Coringa Reserve Forest near Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant parts are dried and extracts were obtained successfully with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against some gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloace and Klebsiella pneumonia) and fungal species (Candida albicans, Mucar recemosus, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The hexane, chloroform extracts showed minimum antimicrobial activity when compared to methanolic and water extracts. Water extract of S. portulacastrum showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against all bacterial and fungal strains. It reveals that this halophytic species has antimicrobial compounds which can act against microorganisms and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
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Fayemi Scott O., Akiibinu Moses O., Fatokun Evelyn N., and Orukotan Abimbola A. "Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Producing Bacterial Isolates from Hypersaline Water Body, Atlantic Ocean, Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 23, no. 12 (December 14, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i12772.
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Introduction: The importance of polyhydroxylalkanoate (PHA) producing bacteria is hinged on the basis that PHA itself possess environmentally advantages over synthetic plastics therefore, the proper identity of these bacteria is inevitable.
Aim: To determine the bacteria identification methods of phenotypic and genetic identification for marine sourced effective polyhydroxylalkanoate (PHA) production.
Study Design: Randomised design was employed for PHA producing bacterial isolates.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples containing PHA-producing bacteria from the hypersaline water body of Nigerian Southern Atlantic Ocean (6.35ᴼ N 3.28ᴼ E -St1; 6.35ᴼ N 3.40ᴼ E -St2; and 6.36ᴼ N 3.47ᴼ E -St3); water depths (0.07m (top), 50m (middle) and 100m (bottom) were collected and investigated between August, 2016-September, 2019.
Methodology: Bacterial isolates was characterized using standard microbiological and biochemical tests for the phenotypes, and 16S rDNA for the genotypes. Isolates were also screened for PHA potentials using specific primers.
Results: Genetically identified Bacillus cereus strains LB17 and Bacillus paramycoides SA27 were phenotypically identified as Bacillus badius. Similarly, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus JL11, five strains of Alcaligenes faecalis, seven strains of Bacillus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Falsochrobactrum ovis, Ochrobactrum ciceri, Providencia stuartii including two species of Pseudomonas and Bordetella trematum were all phenotypically identified as Corynebacterium kutsceri. Invariably, Alcaligenes faecalis (strains PSD10 and DEP8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (H47921) and Vagococcus fluvialis (AWW1) were identified as Staphylococcus species. All 34 bacterial isolates expressed phaC genes for PHA potential, while Alcaligenes faecalis strains and Bacillus humi (NBPP9) expressed phaC1 for short PHA chain.
Conclusion: This study established variations in the genetical identity of Corynebacterium kutsceri, Enterobacter amnigenus, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus when compared with the phenotypic identification methods. But, there was synchronization in the genotypic and phenotypic identity of bacillus species. Records of varietal differences of PHA potential were also obtained from same species in this research. It is therefore pertinent to rely on the genetic identification of bacteria for the effective determination of PHA-producing character as displayed in Bacillus spp.
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Nithya, P. "Diversity of Biofilm-Forming Bacteria in Chinnamuttom Harbor of Southeast India." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 1793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.61.
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Biofilms are species rich, partially due to highly effective powers of diffusion of the microorganisms and have wide tolerance to marine environmental conditions. Characteristically, the first organisms to respond to and convalesce from stress. The present study aims to isolate and identify the biofilm forming bacterial species, collected from surface water and substratum of the ship hull for four seasons at Chinnamuttom fishing harbor, Southeast coast of India, during June 2015 to May 2016. Among the mean concentration of bacterial isolates of both water and substratum of the station, maximum in monsoon and minimum in summer seasons. Totally 16 isolates were obtained, based on the adherence property, 8 isolates from surface water and 8 isolates from substratum of the ship hull. The samples were plated on Zobell marine agar medium for bacterial isolates of study area. The isolates of Bacillus sp., Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Vibrio sp., Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Shegella sp., Klebsiella sp., Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Chromohalobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli and Bacilus sp. were reported in all the seasons at study area. The major diverse bacterial isolates were further characterized through morphological and molecular identification. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Biofilm bacterial isolates were confirmed as Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.
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Galdiano Júnior, Renato Fernandes, Eliamar Aparecida Nascimbém Pedrinho, Tereza Cristina Luque Castellane, and Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos. "Bactérias produtoras de auxinas isoladas de raízes de Cattleya walkeriana, orquídea Brasileira ameaçada de extinção, e sua função na aclimatização." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35, no. 3 (June 2011): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832011000300008.
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Bactérias produtoras de auxinas habitam raízes de orquídeas e podem trazer benefícios para a planta hospedeira. Plantas dessa família são multiplicadas em condições assimbióticas in vitro e pouco se conhece sobre a função desses microrganismos para a aclimatização ex vitro. Quatro rizobactérias isoladas da espécie Cattleya walkeriana foram avaliadas por sua capacidade de promoção do crescimento e sobrevivência de plântulas germinadas in vitro durante a aclimatização. Essas rizobactérias foram identificadas como Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter e Curtobacterium, com base no sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. A presença de compostos indólicos no sobrenadante filtrado de culturas líquidas foi quantificada por ensaios colorimétricos e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Ácidos 3-indol lático (AIL) e indol-3-acetaldeído (AIAld) foram encontrados em grande quantidade, exceto na cultura de Enterobacter sp., em que ácido 3-indol acético (AIA) e ácido 3-indol pirúvico (AIP) prevaleceram. As rizobactérias foram inoculadas em plântulas germinadas in vitro, aclimatizadas em casa de vegetação durante 90 dias e avaliadas quanto à sua capacidade de promover o crescimento. Burkholderia sp. e Curtobacterium sp. proporcionaram a menor eficiência para o crescimento, enquanto Bacillus sp. e Enterobacter sp. favoreceram incrementos em todas as características avaliadas e ampliaram a percentagem de sobrevivência. Este trabalho elucida a função de rizobactérias produtoras de auxinas e seus benefícios para a promoção de crescimento de uma orquídea brasileira germinada em condições assimbióticas durante a aclimatização - condição que confere alta letalidade e limitante para a propagação de orquídeas.
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Little, C., E. L. Emanuel, J. Gagnon, and S. G. Waley. "Carboxy groups as essential residues in β-lactamases." Biochemical Journal 240, no. 1 (November 15, 1986): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2400215.
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Beta-lactamases are divided into classes A, B and C on the basis of their amino acid sequences. Beta-Lactamases were incubated at pH 4.0 with the carboxy-group reagent 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide plus a coloured nucleophile and the extents of inactivation and nucleophile incorporation were monitored. Two class A enzymes (from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis) and two class C enzymes (from Enterobacter cloacae P99 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were examined. All four enzymes were inactivated, with total inactivation corresponding to the incorporation of approx. 2-3 mol of nucleophile/mol of enzyme. In the case of beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus, some 53% of the incorporated nucleophile was located on glutamic acid-168 in the amino acid sequence.
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Nadkernychna, O. V., and E. P. Kopylov. "NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA OF SPRING WHEAT ROOT ZONE." Agriciltural microbiology 17 (October 1, 2013): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.17.7-20.
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The paper presents the study of active nitrogen fixation bacteria of genera Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas isolated from root zone of spring wheat plants. The ability of selected diazotrophs to form associative systems with spring wheat was investigated. The most significant increase of molecular nitrogen fixation activity in root zone of plants was observed under the Azospirillum species background.
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Suryaningsih, W., R. Maulana, I. Istiqomah, and A. Isnansetyo. "In vitro adhesion of Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. probiotics on intestinal epithelial cells of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and the application effects on the fish growth and survival rate." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 919, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012056.
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Abstract This research aimed to determine the adhesion of Bacillus sp. (PCP1) and Enterobacter sp. (JC10) on intestinal epithelial cells of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and the effect of the probiotics application in feed on fish growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio. In vitro adhesion test was performed by using 108 cells/ml of bacteria, and 105 cells/ml of epithelial cells for 1 hour of incubation. The probiotics were added to the fish pellet with the dose of 5 x 104 CFU/g of feed with four treatments, including probiotic application every three days, seven days, without probiotic, and commercial probiotic application every three days. Each treatment consists of three replications. Red tilapia is maintained for 30 days in fiberglass ponds. The feed is given two times per day with a dose of 5 % of the biomass. The adhesion experiment results showed that Bacillus sp. (PCP1) and Enterobacter sp. (JC10) have adherence abilities higher than the commercial probiotics. The application of probiotics in tilapia for one month did not affect the fish growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Probiotic application in a longer period is needed to be addressed.
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Muntaha M. Hadi and Majid Rasheed Majeed. "PRODUCTION OF GREEN DETTOL AS BACTERIAL INHIBITOR AND DISINFECTANT." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 54, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1789.
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The aim of this research is production of disinfection (Dettol) contains herbal formula and study the efficacy of it for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as and comparing with traditional Dettol efficacy. In this research, a herbal disinfectant and antiseptic was prepared similarly to the industrial Dettol and in terms of composition, except for the active substance (chloroxylenol), which was replaced by a plant extract (thyme) and active compound (thymol) separately. total of 50 samples hand swabs were collected randomly from children and housewives and student at university of Baghdad. The following species were isolated from swabs and identified by microscopic morphology, morphological features on culture media, and Vital Index of Traditional Environmental Knowledge(VITEK2)System and that were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia.coli, Bacillus cereus ,pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae. The results of study showed that the highest antimicrobial activity was belonged to thymol. while a lowest antibacterial effect was belonged to thyme. Highest value of minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) was (0.09) of thymol against staphylococcus aureus while a lowest mic value was (6.25) of thyme against Bacillus cereus the result of minimum bactericidal concertation (mbc) showed that thymol and Dettol were the same value (1.56) against Enterobacter cloacae.
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Chandran, Aswathy, and Dr S. Sujatha Jeyapaul. "Bio-perceptions of Hydro carbon contaminated soil and its Bioremediation effect with Biological Consortia”." Journal La Lifesci 1, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v1i3.121.
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The present research work has clearly denoted as initially estimation of physic-chemical properties of the experimental hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The texture of the soil plays a very important role in microbial and plant species establishment and development and also influences physical parameters of the soil. The current results are clearly showed experimental soil of the hydrocarbon contaminated soil possessed totally eight different autochthonus bacterial strains were provably identified viz., Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Aeromonas sp., observed by Bergy’s Manual. When this experimental soil was remediated with two biological sources such as four allothonus bacterial strains named as Enterobacter sp., Flavobacter sp., Shigella sp., and Bacillus sp., along with agronomic wastes also addition with neem juice. From the present result showed that Enterobacter sp., subjected polluted soil was remediated maximum than other treated sources assessed by spectrometric data. While, the biofilm formation experiment also been definitely expressed biodegradation potential enriched allothonus bacterial strain was the following order Enterobacter sp., Flavobacter sp., Shigella sp., and Bacillus sp.,. Moreover, other interesting finding also had been profounded such as dominant Antagonistic activity potential possessed autochthonus bacterial strain from the hydrocarbon contaminated soil. It has been identified through the molecular identification those typical organism expressed the named as ‘’Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA96’’by 16sr RNA sequence analysis. Additionaly maximum and maximum antagonistic activity has been noticed on E.coli, more or less similar zone of inhibition showed on other bacterial species of Shijella sp., and K. pneumonia. Moreover, HPLC results were almost elucidated fractions of hydrocarbon compounds thoroughly replied total illustrated chemical compounds are gradually minimized, when the heavy contaminated soils subjected with other bacterial sources along with various agronomic wastes. It has been significantly reduced the spectrum of the total hydrocarbon derivatives when it compared with before treatment of the contaminated soils. Therefore, these allothonous bacterial organism Enterobacter sp., strains could be considered for future use for bioremediation of oil contaminated land. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of the isolated strains to degrade hydrocarbons in situ, in natural environmental conditions. This could be equally applicable for any allothonously present or other bacterial strains ubiquitously available in nature, and the technology could be further developed for targeting of any pollutants present on earth creating enormous environmental and health hazards.
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Mowafy, Amr M., Marwa M. Fawzy, Ahmed Gebreil, and Ashraf Elsayed. "Endophytic Bacillus, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella enhance the growth and yield of maize." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 71, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.1880621.
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El-Shanshoury, Abd El-Raheem R., Sobhy E. Elsilk, Perihan S. Ateya, and ElZeiny M. Ebeid. "Synthesis of lead nanoparticles by Enterobacter sp. and avirulent Bacillus anthracis PS2010." Annals of Microbiology 62, no. 4 (March 14, 2012): 1803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0438-3.
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Ojiego, Beatrice O., Josephine Madu, Obianuju P. Ilo, Joshua A. Odoh, Ephraim K. Audu, Twan Ishaku, Shauibu A. Abdullahi, et al. "Heavy Metal Tolerance of Bacterial Isolates from Solid Waste Dumping Sites in Abuja, Nigeria." International Journal of Environment 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v12i1.52441.
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Bacteria have special bio-mechanism to resist toxic heavy metals. This study investigated heavy metal tolerance potentials of bacterial isolates from solid waste dumping sites (Abaji, Bwari, Gosa, Gwagwalada, Kuje, and Kwali) in Abuja, Nigeria. Soil samples were randomly collected from each location using soil augers at depths of 0 – 15, 15 – 35 and 35 – 45 cm. They were analyzed bacteriologically using cultural/biochemical techniques and chemically by exposing the isolates to graded concentrations (50 - 400 μg/mL) of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) on nutrient agar for heavy metal tolerance test. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the heterotrophic bacterial count with soil depth; with the highest counts (6.89 × 109 CFU/g) noted at 0 – 15 cm (Gosa) and lowest (1.32 × 103 CFU/g) found at 30 – 45 cm (Kuje). The isolated bacteria (n=54) were Proteus (33.3 %), Providencia (29.6 %), Pseudomonas (16.6 %), Bacillus (9.3 %), Micrococcus (5.5 %), Escherichia coli (2.1 %), Enterobacter (2.1 %), and Serratia (2.1 %). All these isolates except Micrococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Serratia spp. displayed 100 % resistance to Cr, Ni and Pb at ≥ 200 μg/mL with MICs (μg/mL) being 850 – 1700 (Pseudomonas – Proteus spp.), 950 – 2250 (Pseudomonas – Bacillus spp.) and 900 – 1750 (Pseudomonas – Bacillus spp.), respectively. Majority of these bacteria (24.1 - 38.9 %) were from Gosa and Gwagwalada dumping sites. Our findings suggested these bacteria could be promising for remediation of the heavy metals in the sites.
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M, Nafeesa, Ramaraj K, Kuttalam S, and Doraisamy P. "Isolation of Chlorpyriphos and Carbofuran Degrading Bacteria from Pre-treated Soils." Madras Agricultural Journal 103, December (2016): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.001048.
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Investigations were carried out at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to isolate chlorpyriphos and carbofuran degrading bacterial isolates from pre-treated soils. Five each of chlorpyriphos and carbofuran degrading bacterial isolates were obtained from the enrichment cultures. Chlorpyriphos degrading bacterial isolates viz., CPY-1, CPY-2, CPY-3 and CPY-4 were tentatively identified as Serretia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsilla sp. and Acinetobacter sp., respectively. Carbofuran degrading bacterial isolates viz., CF-1, CF-2 and CF-7 were tentatively identified as Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp. and Bacillus sp., respectively. The identity of CPY-5, CF-3 and CF-4 was not confirmed. Based on nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis the potential isolates CF-7 and CPY-4 were confirmed as Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter sp. respectively.
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Mitu, Farjana Alam, Sanjida Samad Snigdha, Afroja Akter Surma, Md Abdul Karim, and Md Sagir Ahmed. "Gut Bacteria of Snakeheads of Chinadi Beel, Narsingdi and Their Antibiogram Profile." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (June 25, 2023): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v52i2.67027.
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The gut bacteria of snakehead fish (Channa punctata, C. marulius and C. striata) collected from Chinadi beel, Narsingdi, Bangladesh was characterized and formulated their antibiogram profile. The mean richness of intestinal bacteria in C. punctata was significantly higher in comparison to C. marulius and C. striata. A total of 24 isolates under the genus Bacillus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Kluyvera, Vibrio, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were identified. The strains of Enterobacter and Pseudomonas showed 100% resistance to eight antibiotics. The isolates of C. punctata were found to be resistant to nine antibiotics followed by C. marulius (8) and C. striata (7) indicating a critical condition of Chinadi beel of being polluted by anthropogenic activities. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 297-306, 2023 (June)
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Aso, R. E., C. Hammuel, M. Daji, and J. Briska. "Growth Optimization of Glyphosate-based Herbicides Utilizing Bacteria isolated from Lotic Water of Ogini Stream, Nigeria." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 6 (November 6, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.6.290.
Full textAbstract:
Glyphosate-based herbicides are often used for the control of weeds grown on agricultural fields or farms. Different health problems have been reported to be associated with the use of glyphosate-based herbicides mainly due to their toxicity level. Thus, finding glyphosate utilizing microorganisms to remediate the glyphosate-based herbicides in the environment is crucial. The culture conditions for maximum utilization of glyphosate by bacterial isolates, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter aerogenes previously isolated from Ugini stream close to corn fields treated with glyphosate-based herbicide at Ofagbe, Delta State, Nigeria were optimized using mineral salt medium containing glyphosate as carbon source. The varied culture parameters assessed were temperature (30, 37 and 40 oC), pH (5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), initial glyphosate concentration (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 g/L) and incubation time (2-14 days). Optical density (OD) at 560 nm of the culture was used to estimate cell growth or cell load of the glyphosate utilizing bacteria strains at every 2 days for 14 days. The following optimal conditions were determined: initial pH 9.0, incubation temperature 30 °C, initial concentration of glyphosate (1g/L) and incubation time of 12 days. Of the isolates on the medium containing the herbicide as sole carbon and energy source, Bacillus cereus showed the highest growth level (OD average, 0.127, pH average, 6.26. This was followed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (OD average = 0.114, pH average = 6.44) and Enterobacter aerogenes (OD average = 0.100, pH average, 6.56). At the increased of glyphosate in the medium there was decreased in growth of the bacteria. Bacillus cereus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter aerogenes indicated a high capacity to be able to degrade glyphosate. It is therefore concluded that the bacteria employed in this research can be recommended for bioremediation of environments contaminated with this chemical and further research should conducted to ascertain the catabolic genes present in these individual glyphosate degrading bacteria.
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Hindi, Julia Wolfart, Gabrielle da Silva Flores de Campos, Laura Barzotto Klafki, Flávia Kolling Marquezan, Natália Franco Brum, and Patricia Kolling Marquezan. "Atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme da Ilex paraguariensis: Uma revisão de literatura." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e41610615988. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15988.
Full textAbstract:
Nos últimos anos, o aumento da busca por alternativas medicinais e nutricionais no campo da saúde ocasionou a busca por plantas presentes no cotidiano da população. Consequentemente, diversas pesquisas almejavam avaliar o potencial e benefícios para a saúde. Portanto, o objetivo do estudo é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a potencial utilização medicinal e nutricional da planta Ilex paraguariensis. Foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, utilizando os descritores selecionados no MeSH, DeCs e Entree. As buscas foram realizadas no período de janeiro de 2020. O critério de inclusão utilizado englobava artigos dos últimos 20 anos encluindo revisões de literatura. Após as buscas foram selecionados 12 artigos para compor a revisão de literatura. A Ilex paraguariensis mostrou capacidade de atividade antimicrobiana e antiinflamatória. Os extratos da erva mate foram capazes de inibir os microrganismos: Salmonella enteritidis, Candida albicans, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus mutans, Listeria monocytogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Enterobacteri cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Candida crusei, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium verrucosum var. ciclopium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter aerogeneses, Serratia marcesens, Proteus mirabilis. Porém, não houve consenso na literatura sobre atividade contra a Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis e Acinetobacter baumannii. Assim, a erva mate apresenta um potencial antimicrobiano sob alguns microrganismos, mas ainda são necessários mais estudos para uma análise mais eficiente sobre a ação contra as bactérias e uma possível aplicação clínica.