Academic literature on the topic 'Baby Boomer women'

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Journal articles on the topic "Baby Boomer women"

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Sawyer, Anne-Maree, and Sara James. "Are baby boomer women redefining retirement?" Sociology Compass 12, no. 10 (August 31, 2018): e12625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12625.

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Hyekyung KIM and Kyoung Hee Ma. "Collectivist Value among Baby Boomers - Focusing on Former Period Baby Boomer Women in Korea -." Locality and Globality: Korean Journal of Social Sciences 39, no. 2 (August 2015): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33071/ssricb.39.2.201508.31.

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Starkey, Sandra, and Jean Parsons. "Inclusive Apparel Design for Baby Boomer Women." Fashion Practice 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2019.1565382.

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Stojilkovic, Jelena. "Baby boom generation at the retirement onset." Stanovnistvo 48, no. 2 (2010): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1002075s.

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Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analyzed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater comparing to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age.
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Branigan, Amelia R., Jeremy Freese, Stephen Sidney, and Catarina I. Kiefe. "The Shifting Salience of Skin Color for Educational Attainment." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311988982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119889829.

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Findings of an association between skin color and educational attainment have been fairly consistent among Americans born before the civil rights era, but little is known regarding the persistence of this relationship in later born cohorts. The authors ask whether the association between skin color and educational attainment has changed between black American baby boomers and millennials. The authors observe a large and statistically significant decline in the association between skin color and educational attainment between baby boomer and millennial black women, whereas the decline in this association between the two cohorts of black men is smaller and nonsignificant. Compared with baby boomers, a greater percentage of the association between skin color and educational attainment among black millennials appears to reflect educational disparities in previous generations. These results emphasize the need to conceptualize colorism as an intersectional problem and suggest caution when generalizing evidence of colorism in earlier cohorts to young adults today.
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Curryer, Cassie, Mel Gray, and Julie E. Byles. "Back to my old self and life restarting: Biographies of ageing in Beck’s risk society." Journal of Sociology 54, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318766150.

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Drawing on free-text survey comments from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH), this article explores themes of transition and change in the lives of 150 women baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1951) in relation to Beck’s theories of the risk society, reflexive modernisation and individualisation. Few studies have explicitly explored ageing through Beck’s theoretical lenses. However, Beck’s emphasis on interactional processes of social, individual and structural change has much to offer for sociological studies of ageing. A key premise is that of complex adaptation and change as people age, with focus on the socio-political contexts in which the post-Second World War baby boomer generation will live out their later years.
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Glass, J. Conrad, and Beverly B. Kilpatrick. "FINANCIAL PLANNING FOR RETIREMENT: AN IMPERATIVE FOR BABY BOOMER WOMEN." Educational Gerontology 24, no. 6 (January 1998): 595–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0360127980240606.

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Van den Hoonaard, Deborah K. "Constructing the Boundaries of Retirement for Baby-Boomer Women: Like Turning Off the Tap, or Is It?" Qualitative Sociology Review 11, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.3.04.

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We are at a unique point in history when an unprecedented number of women are beginning to retire. Earlier work has suggested that women have few identity concerns in retirement because they had less attachment to the labor force. In contrast, women of the baby-boomer generation are the first cohorts to have participated in significant numbers in the paid work force since the institutionalization of retirement. Using in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this article explores baby-boomer women’s process of leaving the paid work force and queries what retirement means to them. It focuses on the eroding boundary between work and retirement and issues of personal and social identity for the research participants. When women retire, they navigate a number of key boundaries between full-time, paid and other work and between their own transitions and the transitions of others in their lives. The women’s social identity reflects their experience of the intersection of retirement, aging, and gender. The themes that permeate the interviews include the loss of a primary identity without having a new positive identity to claim, being retired as a conversation stopper, and experiencing the invisibility that often comes with aging. Developing a unique identity and finding new meaning as a retiree is a challenging process for baby-boomer women as they negotiate “lingering identities” to avoid crossing the identity boundary from professional to retired. The article uses the words of the research participants to explore how they construct boundaries between work and retirement, the extent of their permeability, and the impact of women’s relationships and identity on those boundaries.
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SIREN, ANU, and SONJA HAUSTEIN. "How do baby boomers' mobility patterns change with retirement?" Ageing and Society 36, no. 5 (February 23, 2015): 988–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000100.

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ABSTRACTBaby boomers will comprise a considerable share of tomorrow's older population. Previous research has indicated higher travel activity and car use amongst baby boomers than amongst older cohorts. However, little evidence exists on the effects of boomers' ageing on the transportation system. To analyse how retirement affects baby boomers' travel and the related future travel demand, we compared three groups, distinguished by employment status as ‘still working’, ‘early retirees’ and ‘recent retirees’, in a longitudinal setting. Data for 864 individuals were collected via standardised telephone interviews in 2009 and 2012. We find a clear tendency towards reducing the car use and mileage over time and as a consequence of retirement. Nevertheless, car use for leisure purposes increased after retirement. Whilst retirement had a bigger impact on men's than on women's car use, those women who continued working had a high car reliance that did not decline over time. This study suggests that retirement is a transition point associated with decreasing car use. Hence, the ageing of the population is likely to have a decreasing effect on transportation demand. However, informal care-giving, prolonged careers and atypical working life, boomer women's changing professional roles, and the emergence of leisure and consumption as major cultural and social frameworks of the third age are likely to make this transition different than observed in previous cohorts.
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GUBERMAN, NANCY, JEAN-PIERRE LAVOIE, and IGNACE OLAZABAL. "Baby-boomers and the ‘denaturalisation’ of care-giving in Quebec." Ageing and Society 31, no. 7 (August 5, 2011): 1141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000419.

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ABSTRACTThe North American post-war generation, known as the baby-boomers, has challenged traditional family relations and the sexual division of labour. How do these challenges play out in the face of frail, ill or disabled family members? A study undertaken in Montreal, Quebec, with baby-boomer care-givers aimed to raise understanding of the realities of this group. We met with 40 care-givers for a one and a half-hour qualitative interview to discuss their identification with their social generation, their relationship to care-giving, their values regarding care-giving, and the reality of the care-giving they offer. The findings indicate that women, in particular, no longer identify themselves mainly in terms of family. For most, care-giving is not their only or even their dominant identity. They are actively trying to maintain multiple identities: worker, wife, mother, friend and social activist, alongside that of care-giver. They are also participating in the very North American process of individualisation, leading to what we call the ‘denaturalisation’ of care-giving. Notably, the women we met with call themselves ‘care-givers’ and not simply wives, daughters or mothers, denoting that the work of care-giving no longer falls within the realm of ‘normal’ family responsibilities. These care-givers thus set limits to their caring commitments and have high expectations as to services and public support, while still adhering to norms of family responsibility for care-giving.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Baby Boomer women"

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Fantasia, Cynthia Jean. "Baby boomer women facing retirement." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Sheldon, Selma D. "Are seekers welcome?, the spiritual needs of baby boomer women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21866.pdf.

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Jackson, Barbara Ann, and n/a. "A study of baby boomer women and their expectations of menopause." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.142823.

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This is a study of a generation of women who are about to enter the climacteric period of their life, the menopause. Born between the years 1946 and 1956 they have been the object of continuous scrutiny by various interest groups. Because they are seen to be unique, many acronyms and titles, the most noted being the 'Baby Boomers' have been attached to them. The women of this generation have been classed as a Very active' generation, leaving a clear mark on society and the re-emerging women's movement. As they near menopause they are approaching a stage that could be seen as their last reproductive transition. For many women there is no cultural ritual, nor a single story to guide them through this period They are however not without advice. The 'big voices' of the drug companies, the medical system and the media, all tender their guidance as the dominant voice. These women have been told what to do by experts throughout their whole lives. It seems 'expert advice' on their reproductive phases have been penned mostly by men in the interests of treating, controlling and saving them. Control of their body remains a key struggle, both physically and linguistically. The purpose of the research was to study the expectations of this post-war, Baby Boom generation of menopause. The study shows that some women have made decisions to embrace non-medical help and accept menopause as an inevitable transition, while others are willing to consider medical help to enhance their 'quality of life '. Believing it is time to look after themselves, it seems many women will take a pragmatic view and accept medical opinion that the menopause is a deficiency disease, even if this requires them to become part of the consumer driven/drug company push for a 'symptom free' menopause. They wish to remain untroubled and express a willingness to do whatever they need to fulfil this. Their fervent hope is that the menopause will not upset their career, family or 'life'. Consequently a large majority of these women will think about or actively pursue hormone replacement therapy.
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Marshall, Catherine. "Body dissatisfaction, concerns about aging, and food choices of baby boomer and older women in Manitoba." Dietitians of Canada, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23828.

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The objectives of this research project were to (1) explore perceptions and experiences related to body dissatisfaction, aging, and the use of body work practices among baby boomer and older women; and (2) explore healthy eating attitudes and barriers, food choice influences, dieting behaviours, and food product usage/attitudes among these women. Fourteen focus groups with baby boomer and older women were conducted in urban and rural areas of Manitoba (n=137). Participants also completed a questionnaire and height and weight measurements. Body image, aging and food were intimately connected in women’s lives. Feelings about the body were closely connected to the experience of aging and perceptions of the body influenced food choices and attitudes. This thesis adds value to the existing literature by exploring the connections between aging, food, and the body, from the perspectives of baby boomer and older women.
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Hickman, Cynthia Jean. "Influences of Nutritional Food Label Understanding in African-American Women with Obesity." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2981.

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Nutritional food label understanding (NFLU) in African American Women (AAW) is a philosophy that addresses obesity. Public health efforts have implemented nutritional and caloric information to packaged and restaurant foods to improve nutrient and calorie literacy. Research suggest NFLU might have a minimal effect on reducing obesity. However, it is not known how obese AAW born during the baby-boom era (51 to 64 years of age) perceive NFLU in relation to their dietary behaviors. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the lived experience of obese AAW regarding NFLU from a cognitive and behavioral perspective. Twelve, AAW answered 21-semi-structured questions that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Findings of the study revealed the limited appreciation of NFLU in relation to healthy nutrition behaviors. Reasons for not applying nutritional food label (NFL) information centered on self-help perception, the time to read and understand the content on the NFL, skills required for effective NFL usage (math, organization of content), barriers to overcome while grocery shopping and motivational interest to change their behavior. In addition, the interviews of obese AAW revealed a lack of interest in NFL information while dining out despite understanding the perceived health benefits of knowing such information. Positive social change implications for obese AAW include improved nutrition literacy and nutritional behavior using NFLU as the guide to healthier dietary choice. From an individual, community, societal and nation level, reversing the trajectory of obesity through nutritional health literacy needs further improvement and individual adoption to possibly assist with obesity self-management.
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Rabon-Williams, Frankie May. "The retirement planning process of African-American female, leading-edge baby boomers /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164523/.

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Bristow, Jennie. "The construction of the Baby Boomer generation as a social problem in Britain." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/47655/.

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The research presented in this thesis investigates how the ‘Baby Boomer generation’ has become constructed as a social problem in Britain. I begin by outlining the theoretical orientation of the research, which is grounded in Mannheim’s understanding that the problem of generations is to do with the interaction between generational location and wider social forces. The subsequent chapters present the results of a qualitative media analysis of the Baby Boomer problem, using a sample of British national newspaper articles published between 1986 and 2011 to examine the development of a cultural script. These chapters outline, first, the main features of the Baby Boomer problem as it is currently presented, before moving on to analyse how the cultural script has, over time, constructed the Boomer generation in two main ways: as an economic problem, and as a cultural problem. My findings indicate that both the attributes of the Baby Boomer generation, and the importance attached to generation as a political or social category, have changed over time, and are affected by wider political, social, and cultural shifts. This has a number of implications for how we think about the construction of the problem of generations in the present day.
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Rabon-Williams, Frankie Mae. "The retirement planning process of African-American female, leading-edge baby boomers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38272.

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Lavender-Stott, Erin Suzanne. "Family Experiences of Single Sexual Minority Women from the Baby Boom." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82960.

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Most individuals spend more than half their lives as single due to divorce, widowhood, and remaining single (Simpson, 2016). Singlehood, in general, has meant not being in a heterosexual relationship. Historically, lesbian women have been considered single because their relationships were not legally recognized. Single women and lesbian women have had more choices to live outside heterosexual marriage, financially and with social acceptability, in the later portion of the 20th century and in the early 21st century than previously. Single sexual minority women of the baby boom came of age during this time and are beginning to plan for and enter into old age. This study used qualitative methods to study how single sexual minority women of the baby boom cohort defined family and planned for their later years. Women from the baby boom cohort who are currently single and identify as a sexual minority were connected to their family of origin and extended families in their youth, focused on romantic relationships during adulthood, and currently identify their family as biological and chosen family. The women had formal and informal plans for their future as they continue to age. Limitations, future directions, and implications are also discussed.
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Kalderén, Hampus, and Lindqvist Yannick. "Women and beer : A potential love story?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150165.

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The findings of this study show that packaging and labeling are not decisive for women’s final purchase-decision. Instead, they rely on recommendations from friends and family. The study further shows that sponsoring local beer events hosted by opinion leaders will have the most impact on women’s attitude to beer
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Books on the topic "Baby Boomer women"

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Shilton, Elizabeth. Redefining retirement: New realities for boomer women. Toronto, ON: Second Story Press, 2007.

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Bag lady or powerhouse?: A roaap for midlife (boomer) women. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises, 2009.

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Stasi, Linda. Boomer babes: A woman's guide to the new middle ages. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 1998.

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Raiders and horse thieves: Memoir of a Central Texas baby boomer. Huntsville, Texas: Texas Review Press, 2015.

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Boom: Marketing to the ultimate power consumer--the baby boomer woman. United States: A M A C O M, 2006.

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Barletta, Marti. Prime time women: How to win the hearts, minds, and business of boomer big spenders. Chicago, Ill: Kaplan Pub., 2007.

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1974-, Shelton Laura, ed. The neXt revolution: What Gen X women want at work and how their Boomer bosses can help them get it. Mountain View, Calif: Davies-Black Pub., 2005.

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Canada, Statistics, ed. Female baby boomers: A generation at work. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1994.

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Ann, Shakeshaft, ed. The noisy passage: Baby boomers do menopause. Bridgeport, CT: Hysteria Publications, 1996.

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Female baby boomers: A generation at work. Ottawa, Ont: Statistics Canada, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Baby Boomer women"

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Ellwood, Iain, and Sheila Shekar. "Baby Boomer women." In Wonder Woman, 127–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230594036_7.

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Jeannet, Jean-Pierre, Thierry Volery, Heiko Bergmann, and Cornelia Amstutz. "Founders, Shakers, Prime Movers." In Masterpieces of Swiss Entrepreneurship, 13–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65287-6_2.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the reader to the principal actors of these stories, namely the founders, organized along major periods, and their backgrounds. Listed are early period founders, those from the interwar period, during World War II period, the Post WW II “Baby Boomer” generation, and founders from the most recent period. Separately listed from founders are prime movers who gave the company the eventual direction, if different from the company founders. The role of women, to the extent involved, is also covered. A complete list of the firms is provided, as well as information on founder backgrounds.
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Howard-Vital, Michelle, and Madelyn G. Vital. "And Then There Was Michelle Obama: Reflections from a Baby-Boomer Educator and a Millennial Young Woman." In Michelle Obama’s Impact on African American Women and Girls, 247–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92468-7_29.

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Salganicoff, Alina, Barbara Wentworth, and Liberty Greene. "Baby Boom to Generation X: Progress in Young Women’s Health." In The American Woman 2003–2004, 93–126. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11600-0_5.

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Day, Abby. "Who Are the Baby Boomers?" In Why Baby Boomers Turned from Religion, 1—C1.P72. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866684.003.0001.

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Abstract This introductory chapter to the book outlines the concept of ‘Baby Boomer’ and why it is important. The main argument in the chapter, and sustained throughout the book, is that in terms of Anglicanism, members of the Baby Boomer generation born to the previous active Anglican generation rejected their religiosity and raised the least religious generations ever. The story needs to be told of how this happened, and why the trend is likely to be irreversible. The book further develops that initial focus by suggesting important comparisons to Christian decline more widely, and argues that the book’s research undermines key aspects of secularisation theses. The criteria for the sample upon which the research and this book are based were tight: people interviewed were born in the 1940s and 1950s to church-attending Anglicans, were baptised and confirmed, and then became ex-churched and, in their own descriptions, non-religious. To follow previous research carried out mostly in England with a small Canadian sample (Day 2017), most (38) of the 55 interviewees are British; 17 are Canadian; and 34 are women. Following socio-economic classification systems, all but four are situated within middle class strata.
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Randall, Nancy Horak, Sue Carroll Pauley, and Aaron B. Culley. "Family Social Networks, Reciprocal Socialization and the Adoption of Social Media by Baby Boomer and Silent Generation Women." In Communication and Information Technologies Annual, 135–60. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s2050-206020150000009006.

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Woodspring, Naomi. "Women on Appearance." In Baby Boomers, Age, and Beauty, 61–97. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78743-824-820181004.

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Chrastil, Rachel. "Interlude." In How to Be Childless, 57–60. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190918620.003.0004.

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During the baby boom, childlessness plummeted; at the same time, more couples planned and limited their family size. The baby boom included both an increase in the number of children born per woman and an increase in the percentage of women having children. Many women had children all at the same time. Women born around 1935 had the lowest levels of childlessness on record in Europe and America. In one respect, however, the baby boom provided continuity: these parents nurtured the belief that they could and should plan their families. This chapter details the history of childlessness during the years of the baby boom.
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Baba, Sachiko, and Hiroyasu Iso. "Women, Men, and the ‘Missing’ Babies." In Health in Japan, 25–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848134.003.0002.

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Japan experienced a baby boom in the late 1940s and a second smaller one during the 1970s. This small second baby boom in the 1970s generated far fewer women of reproductive age in the 2000s, resulting in a missing third baby boom. Legalization of induced abortion in 1949 may have contributed to shortening the baby booms and suppressing the fertility rate. Less frequent sexual intercourse, delayed marriage, remaining single, and childless marriages play increasingly prominent roles in the recent low fertility rates in Japan. In the 1980s and 1990s, fertility rates in South Korea and China declined to similarly low levels. Fertility rates remain low in the three countries. Despite different histories and cultures, e.g. abortion rights and access to contraception, East Asian countries seem to share factors, such as trends in marriage and remaining unmarried, leading to low fertility rates. Further research and education across all age groups is needed. Policies that prioritize reproductive-aged adults, children, and childcare could play a key role in raising fertility rates.
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Boeri, Miriam. "Introduction." In Hurt. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293465.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces readers to the narrative style used throughout the book with a glimpse of Ted, a baby boomer who used drugs and alcohol to address his pain. It also introduces the “maturing out” theory of drug use, which predicted that most people who used drugs would stop by age thirty-five. The generation born between 1945 and 1964, the baby boomers, did not follow previous patterns of maturing out of drugs. Instead, older adults who actively used illegal drugs increased in numbers and rates. Examining the historical and social context is critical for a comprehensive understanding of the causes of this phenomenon. Boeri uses engaging stories and thick descriptions to provide insight on socioeconomic influences that produced the War on Drugs and mass incarceration of drug users. This chapter includes Boeri’s standpoint position and a brief description of the methodology she used in her ethnographic study of older drug users, from which the stories in this book are drawn. It ends with a short description of the book’s organization and how the chapters are woven into a tapestry that depicts a suffering population in a devastated landscape.
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Reports on the topic "Baby Boomer women"

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Starkey, Sandra, and Jean Parsons. Inclusive Apparel Design for Baby Boomer Women. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1405.

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Starkey, Sandra, and Jean Parsons. Evaluation of an Inclusive Design Framework for Apparel Designed for Baby Boomer Women. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1752.

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Kim, Scott Daewon, and Petra Moser. Women in Science. Lessons from the Baby Boom. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29436.

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Matsuo, Hideko, and Koen Matthijs. The life course and subjective well-being across generations – an analysis based on cross-national surveys (2002–2016). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res4.2.

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This paper identifies subjective well-being trajectories through happiness measures as influenced by time, socio-economic, demographic and behavioural determinants. Hierarchical age-period-cohort models are applied to European Social Survey (2002–2016) data on the population aged 30 and older in 10 countries. A U-shaped relationship between age and happiness is found for some countries, but a rather flat pattern and considerable diversity beyond age 80 are detected for other countries. Lower happiness levels are found for baby boomers (1945–1964) than for preboomers and post-boomers, and also for late boomers (1955–1964) than for early boomers (1945–1954). Women, highly educated and native people are shown to have higher happiness levels than men, less educated and non-native people, respectively. Moreover, a positive assessment of income, having a partner, and being a parent, in good health, employed and socially active are all found to have a positive impact on happiness levels. We find evidence of gaps in happiness levels due to differences in socio-economic characteristics over the life course in some, but not in all of the countries analysed.
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