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Journal articles on the topic 'Babesiosi'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Tison, Tiziana, Piero Marson, and Giustina De Silvestro. "Lo scambio eritrocitario." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 25, no. 4_suppl (July 23, 2013): S27—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2013.1086.

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Lo scambio eritrocitario è una procedura in cui, utilizzando un separatore cellulare, si rimuovono i globuli rossi anomali del paziente, che vengono rimpiazzati con globuli rossi di un donatore volontario. Lo scambio eritrocitario può essere effettuato sia utilizzando accessi venosi periferici che un catetere venoso centrale. Dal momento che spesso si tratta di pazienti pediatrici è importante valutare attentamente le indicazioni ed è necessario considerare alcuni aspetti particolari della procedura aferetica. Lo scambio eritrocitario è indicato in caso di complicanze severe della drepanocitosi, quali l'ictus e l'acute chest syndrome, e nel caso di alcune infezioni quali la malaria e la babesiosi, in cui si verifica, ad opera dei parassiti, un danno eritrocitario.

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2

Hosur, Srilatha, Delong Liu, Karen Seiter, John Nelson, Maria Aguero-Rosenfeld, Sergey Brodsky, Tauseef Ahmed, and Gary Wormser. "Emerging Epidemics of Babesiosis in Hematology Consultation at a University Hospital." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3859.3859.

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Abstract Babesiosis was first reported in NY in 1975. 560 cases were reported from 1986–2001 in NY, mostly from Long island. Human babesiosis is a tick- borne disease caused by B.microti in the US. Most of the cases occur between May and August in the north eastern states. The risk factors for severe disease include older age, asplenia, immunocompromised state. As the same tick is the vector for lyme disease and ehrlichiosis, co-infection can occur. In this abstract we report ten cases of babesiosis encountered in hematology consultation since 2005, with 5 cases occurring this year. The patients’ ages ranged between 36–84 yrs. Three patients had neither travel history nor tick bite /outdoor activity. Three patients were immunocompromised (AML, CLL, HIV). Most common presentations were malaise, nausea, and high fever. Two patients had splenomegaly. Six patients had hyperbilirubinemia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Three patients were also positive for lyme disease. One patient developed splenic rupture. All the patients recovered after treatment with atovoquone and azithromycin. This series of case reports emphasizes the varied atypical presentations of babesioisis including uncommon season of occurrence, absence of a rash or tickbite history, co-existing infection with Lyme disease and complications including splenic rupture.

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3

BEUGNET, F., and Y. MOREAU. "Babesiosis." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.34.2.2385.

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4

Noskoviak, Kyle, and Elizabeth Broome. "Babesiosis." New England Journal of Medicine 358, no. 17 (April 24, 2008): e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm070903.

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5

Homer, Mary J., Irma Aguilar-Delfin, Sam R. Telford, Peter J. Krause, and David H. Persing. "Babesiosis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.3.451.

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SUMMARY Babesiosis is an emerging, tick-transmitted, zoonotic disease caused by hematotropic parasites of the genus Babesia. Babesial parasites (and those of the closely related genus Theileria) are some of the most ubiquitous and widespread blood parasites in the world, second only to the trypanosomes, and consequently have considerable worldwide economic, medical, and veterinary impact. The parasites are intraerythrocytic and are commonly called piroplasms due to the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells. The piroplasms are transmitted by ixodid ticks and are capable of infecting a wide variety of vertebrate hosts which are competent in maintaining the transmission cycle. Studies involving animal hosts other than humans have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease process, including possible pathogenic mechanisms of the parasite and immunological responses of the host. To date, there are several species of Babesia that can infect humans, Babesia microti being the most prevalent. Infections with Babesia species generally follow regional distributions; cases in the United States are caused primarily by B. microti, whereas cases in Europe are usually caused by Babesia divergens. The spectrum of disease manifestation is broad, ranging from a silent infection to a fulminant, malaria-like disease, resulting in severe hemolysis and occasionally in death. Recent advances have resulted in the development of several diagnostic tests which have increased the level of sensitivity in detection, thereby facilitating diagnosis, expediting appropriate patient management, and resulting in a more accurate epidemiological description.

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6

Boustani, M. R., and J. A. Gelfand. "Babesiosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 22, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.4.611.

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7

Butler-Haughton, Melissa. "Babesiosis." Workplace Health & Safety 68, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079920964797.

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8

Wiese, Kristin M., and Gökhan M. Mutlu. "Babesiosis." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 189, no. 5 (March 2014): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201309-1740im.

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9

Setty, Suman, Zena Khalil, Pamela Schori, Miguel Azar, and Patricia Ferrieri. "Babesiosis." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 120, no. 4 (October 2003): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/n3dp9mfpnujd4xjy.

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10

Barto, Donna, and Jill Brzozowski. "Babesiosis." Nursing Critical Care 9, no. 4 (July 2014): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccn.0000451018.61832.49.

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11

Filbin, Michael R., Eleftherios E. Mylonakis, Lisa Callegari, and Eric Legome. "Babesiosis." Journal of Emergency Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 2001): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-4679(00)00289-4.

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12

Krause, Peter J. "Babesiosis." Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 11, no. 3 (July 2000): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/pi.2000.6229.

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13

&NA;. "BABESIOSIS." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 15, no. 8 (August 1996): 725–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199608000-00030.

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14

Krause, Peter J. "Babesiosis." Medical Clinics of North America 86, no. 2 (March 2002): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(03)00092-0.

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15

Kavanaugh, Michael J., and Catherine F. Decker. "Babesiosis." Disease-a-Month 58, no. 6 (June 2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2012.03.007.

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16

Dunn, Ian J., and Philip E. S. Palmer. "Babesiosis." Seminars in Roentgenology 33, no. 1 (January 1998): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-198x(98)80035-7.

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17

Snow, Michelle. "Babesiosis." Nursing 39, no. 6 (June 2009): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000352339.75395.f7.

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18

Vannier, Edouard G., Maria A. Diuk-Wasser, Choukri Ben Mamoun, and Peter J. Krause. "Babesiosis." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 29, no. 2 (June 2015): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.008.

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19

Yune, Philip S., Iffath Islam, Peter V. Dicpinigaitis, Johanna P. Daily, Louis M. Weiss, and Sun O. Park. "A Case Report and Literature Review of Babesiosis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022 (November 12, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4318731.

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Babesiosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease, has been increasing in frequency in recent years. Familiarity with presentations of babesiosis is important for clinicians. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rarely seen complication of severe babesiosis. In most cases, the patients with babesiosis developed ARDS several days after initiation of antibabesia therapy. We present a unique case of babesiosis without any respiratory symptoms on presentation who developed ARDS within 24 hours of babesiosis treatment initiation. Furthermore, we reviewed published cases of ARDS in babesiosis.

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20

Wormser, Gary P., Gary Lombardo, Fredric Silverblatt, Marc Y. El Khoury, Aakanksha Prasad, Jay A. Yelon, Alina Sanda, Sadiqa Karim, Lindita Coku, and John A. Savino. "Babesiosis as a Cause of Fever in Patients Undergoing a Splenectomy." American Surgeon 77, no. 3 (March 2011): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700326.

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Babesiosis is an emerging infection most commonly acquired from a tick bite. We describe three hospitalized patients with fever attributable to babesiosis after a splenectomy. Splenectomy was done because of splenic enlargement due to unsuspected babesia infection in one patient and because of splenic perforation due to babesiosis in a second patient. The third patient underwent splenectomy for trauma and acquired babesiosis postoperatively from a blood transfusion. Our cases demonstrate the need to be vigilant for babesiosis in patients undergoing splenectomy.

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21

Pruthi, Rajiv K., William F. Marshall, John C. Wiltsie, and David H. Persing. "Human Babesiosis." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 70, no. 9 (September 1995): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/70.9.853.

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22

Waked, Rami, and Peter J. Krause. "Human Babesiosis." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 36, no. 3 (September 2022): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2022.02.009.

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23

Vannier, Edouard, and Peter J. Krause. "Human Babesiosis." New England Journal of Medicine 366, no. 25 (June 21, 2012): 2397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1202018.

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24

MYLONAKIS (Μ.Ε. ΜΥΛΩΝΑΚΗΣ), M. E., C. BILLINIS (Χ. ΜΠΙΛΛΙΝΗΣ), C. KOUTINAS (X. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ), and A. F. KOUTINAS (Α. Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ). "Canine babesiosis." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 52, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15451.

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The causative agents of canine babesiosis are Babesia canis and B. gibsoni which are transmitted by various hard tick species and blood transfusions. In the hyperacute form of the disease hypothermia, shock, severe metabolic acidosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation usually precede the death of the dog occuring in less than 24 hours. Severe anemia, icterus, splenomegaly and peripheral lymphadenopathy characterize the acute form of the disease. Intermittent fever and progressive loss of body weight may be noticed in the chronic form of babesiosis, while its many atypical clinical manifestations (e.g. ascites, gastrointestinal signs, CNS disease, subcutaneous edema, masticatory myositis) often cause diagnostic confusion. The organism detection on RBC in thin blood smears made from the buffy coat is a must for definitive diagnosis. The IFA test is a good choice for screening large numbers of dogs for detecting the asymptomatic carriers. Complete parasitological cure can be obtained with imidocarb dipropionate, pentamidine isethionate or diminazene aceturate, while metronidazole and clindamycin have been recently suggested as good alternatives. Supportive care is considered crucial for the survival of the severely affected animals. While effective tick control is the mainstay of prevention, doxycycline and imidocarb may also play a significant role to that goal. The effectiveness of a killed vaccine is still a matter of controversy.

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25

Fox, LeAnne M., Sarah Wingerter, Asim Ahmed, Alana Arnold, Joseph Chou, Lawrence Rhein, and Ofer Levy. "Neonatal Babesiosis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 25, no. 2 (February 2006): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000195438.09628.b0.

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26

Wong, W. S., J. Y. S. Chung, and K. F. Wong. "Human babesiosis." British Journal of Haematology 140, no. 4 (February 2008): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06889.x.

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27

Gray, Jeremy, Lars-Victor von Stedingk, and Marta Granström. "Zoonotic babesiosis." International Journal of Medical Microbiology 291 (June 2002): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1438-4221(02)80021-2.

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28

Pruthi, Rajiv K., William F. Marshall, John C. Wiltsie, and David H. Persing. "Human Babesiosis." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 70, no. 9 (September 1995): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(11)63943-8.

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29

Berry, Antoine, Bruno Morassin, Nassim Kamar, and Jean-Francois Magnaval. "Human Babesiosis." Lancet 357, no. 9253 (February 2001): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03640-0.

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30

Schein, Eberhard. "Canine Babesiose." veterinär spiegel 17, no. 03 (March 2007): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1233594.

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31

Boozer, A. Lindsay, and Douglass K. Macintire. "Canine babesiosis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 33, no. 4 (July 2003): 885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00039-1.

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32

Irwin, Peter J. "Canine Babesiosis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 40, no. 6 (November 2010): 1141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.08.001.

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33

Ayoob, Ashley L., Jennifer Prittie, and Susan G. Hackner. "Feline babesiosis." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00493.x.

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34

Gorenflot, A., K. Moubri, E. Precigout, B. Carcy, and T. P. M. Schetters. "Human babesiosis." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 92, no. 4 (January 1998): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1998.11813307.

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35

GORENFLOT K. MOUBRI E. PRECIGOUT B., A. "Human babesiosis." Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology 92, no. 4 (June 1, 1998): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034989859465.

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36

YAMASAKI, Masahiro. "Canine babesiosis." Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 68, no. 4 (2015): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12935/jvma.68.245.

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37

Vannier, Edouard, Benjamin E. Gewurz, and Peter J. Krause. "Human Babesiosis." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 22, no. 3 (September 2008): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2008.03.010.

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38

Krause, Peter J. "Human babesiosis." International Journal for Parasitology 49, no. 2 (February 2019): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.11.007.

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39

King, Emmanuel, Gerald Wertheim, Kevin Shiley, Jason Wagner, Adam Bagg, and Jeff Greenblatt. "Severe babesiosis." Journal of Hospital Medicine 5, no. 5 (June 9, 2010): E8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhm.669.

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40

Hindosh, Rand, Emily Ernst, James Kamau, and Steven Cardio. "A serology conundrum – HIV infection in acute babesiosis infection could merely be a false positive result." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 18, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.280.

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Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia microti. We present a case of false positive HIV in the setting of confirmed babesiosis infection. An understanding that patients with babesiosis can have a false positive HIV test result is important in management decisions.

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41

Dhliwayo, Solomon, Brighton Chihambakwe, Knowledge Taonezvi, Silvester M. Chikerema, Musavengana T. Tivapasi, and Davies M. Pfukenyi. "Seroprevalence of Canine Ehrlichiosis and Microscopic Screening for Canine Babesiosis in Dogs in Harare, Zimbabwe, 2016-2017." Veterinary Medicine International 2019 (December 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4130210.

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A cross-sectional study was done to determine ehrlichiosis seroprevalence and babesiosis prevalence in dogs that were presented to selected veterinary clinics in Harare. Sera from randomly selected dogs were tested for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while microscopy of peripheral blood smears was used to confirm babesiosis. Overall, 75.2% (88/117, 95% CI: 66.2–82.5) of sera samples tested were positive to Ehrlichia spp. antibodies while the prevalence of canine babesiosis was 47.9% (56/117, 95% CI: 38.6–57.3). Age, breed, and sex were found not to be associated with the two disease conditions p>0.05. Most of the dogs with babesiosis (82.1%, 46/56) were also positive to Ehrlichia spp. antibodies. Hypoalbuminaemia (53.8%, 63/117), anaemia (53.0%, 62/117) and thrombocytopaenia (40.2%, 47/117) were the most common laboratory findings. Thrombocytopaenia and hypoalbuminaemia was more pronounced in dogs with babesiosis only while anaemia was more marked in dogs with babesiosis and positive to Ehrlichia spp. antibodies.

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42

Mitrovic, Sanja, Ivana Kranjcic-Zec, Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic, Aleksandar Dzamic, and Ivana Radonjic. "Human babesiosis: Recent discoveries." Medical review 57, no. 7-8 (2004): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0408349m.

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Introduction Babesiosis is caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia, which is a common animal infection worldwide. This protozoa requires both a competent vertebrate and a nonvertebrate host (Ixodes sp. etc.) to maintain the transmission cycle. Human babesiosis Human babesiosis is predominantly caused by Babesia microti (rodent-borne piroplasm, an emerging zoonosis in humans in North America) and by Babesia divergens (bovine pathogen, in Europe). Occasionally, infection in America is caused also by a newly recognized species, so-called WA1 piroplasm. The spectrum of human babesiosis in the USA is broad, and ranges from an apparently silent infection to a fulminant. In Europe, babesiosis is considerably rarer, but more lethal (42% mortality rate in Europe and 5% in the USA, for clinically apparent infections) and mostly in splenectomized patients. Various determinants are involved in the severity of infection, such as age, immunocompetence and coinfection with other pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi). B. microti antigens can trigger specific activation of T-cells and the infection can be effectively controlled by a Th1-dominant CD4% T-cell response. The diagnosis of babesiosis should include examination of blood smears stained by Giemsa, as well as serologic evaluation with indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests and possibly PCR. The treatment of babesiosis depends on severity of cases; if it is mild it resolves spontaneously, whereas very severe cases with B. divergens require prompt treatment that includes erythrocyte exchange transfusion along with intravenous clindamycin and oral quinine to arrest hemolysis and prevent renal failure. This paper offers an overview of recent developments in the investigation of Babesia sp. and babesiosis. .

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43

Chávez-Larrea, María A., Cristina Cholota-Iza, Viviana Medina-Naranjo, Michelle Yugcha-Díaz, Jorge Ron-Román, Sarah Martin-Solano, Gelacio Gómez-Mendoza, Claude Saegerman, and Armando Reyna-Bello. "Detection of Babesia spp. in High Altitude Cattle in Ecuador, Possible Evidence of the Adaptation of Vectors and Diseases to New Climatic Conditions." Pathogens 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121593.

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Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoa, distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, causing anemic diseases in many animals, including cattle. This disease, called babesisosis, is transmitted from one animal to another through ticks (Tick Borne-Disease or TBD). On the other hand, Ecuador has a tropical climate that allows the development of the vector Rhipicephalus microplus, and therefore favors the transmission of Babesia spp. in cattle. Methods and principal findings: We determined the presence of Babesia spp. by PCR using 18s ribosomal gene as target (18s PCR) in 20 farms in the area of El Carmen (zone below 300 m above sea level) and 1 farm in Quito (2469 m.a.s.l.). In addition, we analyzed parameters such as age, sex, and packed cell volume (PCV) as explanatory variable associated with the disease. Results: The 18s PCR test showed that 18.94% (14.77% Babesia bovis and 4.17% Babesia bigemina) and 20.28% (14.69% B. bovis and 5.59% B. bigemina) of the cattle were positive for Babesia spp in farms sampled in El Carmen and in Quito, respectively. Age influenced the presence of animals positive for Babesia spp., but sex and PCV did not. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences showed 4 isolates of B. bovis and 3 isolates of B. bigemina in the 2 study zones, with similarities between 99.73 and 100% with other sequences. One B. bovis isolate was similar in the zone of El Carmen and Quito. Conclusion and significance: This work is the first molecular characterization of B. bigemina and B. bovis in Ecuador, and it is also the first evidence of Babesia spp. in cattle in the area of Quito at an altitude of 2469 m.a.s.l., being the highest altitude reported for animals with babesiosis and for the tick R. microplus. Climatic factors as well as mobility of tick-carrying animals without any control allow the presence of Babesiosis outbreaks in new geographical areas.

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44

Gójska-Zygner, Olga, Justyna Bartosik, Paweł Górski, and Wojciech Zygner. "Hyponatraemia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in non-azotaemic dogs with babesiosis associated with decreased arterial blood pressure." Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0045.

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Abstract Introduction A previous study on canine babesiosis showed low serum tonicity in affected dogs, which may result from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). This endocrine disorder was recognised in human malaria which is considered a disease with similar pathogenesis to canine babesiosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of SIADH in babesiosis-afflicted dogs. Material and Methods Serum and urinary sodium and urine specific gravity (USG) were determined in dogs with babesiosis. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured at the beginning of the clinical examination. Serum tonicity and osmolality were calculated. Correlations were calculated between MAP and serum and urinary sodium concentrations, USG, serum tonicity, and calculated serum osmolality. Results Statistically significant correlations were observed between MAP and tonicity, calculated osmolality, USG, and serum and urinary sodium concentrations in non-azotaemic dogs. In three non-azotaemic dogs SIADH was recognised. Conclusion SIADH develops in non-azotaemic dogs with babesiosis. It is probably associated with decreased blood pressure in infected dogs. Thus, it seems that in fact it may be appropriate vasopressin secretion in canine babesiosis as a protective mechanism in hypotension which leads to hypoxia and renal failure in affected dogs.

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45

Abittan, Baruch, Aaron Nizam, Michael Oey, Felicia Callan, Lisa Simmonds, and Sarah L. Pachtman. "A Case of Babesiosis in a Pregnant Patient Treated with Red Blood Cell Exchange Transfusion." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019 (May 30, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9869323.

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Babesiosis, caused predominantly by Babesia microti, is an emerging health risk in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States. We present a case of a pregnant woman with history of splenectomy diagnosed with babesiosis at 23 5/7 weeks of gestational age refractory to antimicrobial therapy. She underwent the first reported red blood cell exchange transfusion for babesiosis in pregnancy, at 24 4/7 weeks of gestational age, which resulted in resolution of parasitemia. She had a full term, uncomplicated cesarean delivery. Exchange transfusion is potentially a safe treatment option for severe babesiosis infection in pregnancy and should be considered when other methods are poorly tolerated or ineffective.

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46

Shah, Jyotsna S., Eddie Caoili, Marie Fe Patton, Snehal Tamhankar, Mu Mu Myint, Akhila Poruri, Olivia Mark, Richard I. Horowitz, Alan D. Ashbaugh, and Ranjan Ramasamy. "Combined Immunofluorescence (IFA) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Assays for Diagnosing Babesiosis in Patients from the USA, Europe and Australia." Diagnostics 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100761.

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Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia cause babesiosis in humans and animals worldwide. Human babesiosis is a predominantly zoonotic disease transmitted by hard ticks that is of increasing health concern in the USA and many other countries. Microscopic examination of stained blood smears, detection of serum antibodies by immunoassays and identification of parasite nucleic acid in blood by qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are some methods available for diagnosing babesiosis. This study investigated the use of a Babesia genus-specific FISH test for detecting Babesia parasites in blood smears and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detecting serum antibodies to Babesia duncani and Babesia microti, two common species that cause human babesiosis in the USA. The findings with clinical samples originating from USA, Australia, Europe and elsewhere demonstrate that the parallel use of Babesia genus-specific FISH and IFA tests for B. duncani and B. microti provides more useful diagnostic information in babesiosis and that B. duncani infections are more widespread globally than presently recognized.

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Petra, Bilić, Kuleš Josipa, Barić Rafaj Renata, and Mrljak Vladimir. "Canine Babesiosis: Where Do We Stand?" Acta Veterinaria 68, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 127–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2018-0011.

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Abstract Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by protozoal haemoparasites of different Babesia species. Babesiosis is one of the most important globally extended and quickly spreading tick-borne infections of dogs. This comprehensive review gives an in-depth overview of Babesia species currently identified in dogs together with relevant vector tick species and their geographical distribution, life cycle and transmission of parasite. The main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of babesiosis are described and elucidated by recent literature overview. As Babesia infection causes a disease with very variable clinical manifestations, special attention is given to clinical signs, laboratory features and clinicopathological findings. The diagnosis of canine babesiosis by microscopy, serological and molecular methods is reviewed, together with recent advances in mass spectrometry based assays. Accurate detection and species recognition are important for the selection of the appropriate therapy, monitoring and prediction of the outcome of the disease. Finally, guidelines for the treatment and prevention of canine babesiosis are given.

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Gajda, Patrycja, Agnieszka Rustecka, and Bolesław Kalicki. "Бабезиоз у человека – малоизвестное заболевание переносящееся клещами." Paediatrics & Family Medicine 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pfm.2015.0007.

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Ali, Sadaqat. "PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BOVINE BABESIOSIS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN." Agrobiological Records 2 (July 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2020.007.

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Babesiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by intra-erythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and related associated risk factors of bovine babesiosis in district Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 1258 animals (n = 532 buffaloes; n = 726 cattle) were sampled through random sampling technique and analyzed for the detection of inclusion bodies resembling babesiosis through thin smear microscopy. Risk factors regarding breed, specie, age, month of the year, gender, and season were statistically analyzed using chi-square test on SPSS to find the association of different risk factors with the occurrence of this protozoan pathogen. The study has revealed an overall 34.02% prevalence of babesiosis in bovines in district Lahore. The infection rate was statistically insignificant (P>0.05) in cattle�s (34.57%) compared to buffaloes (33.27%). The females are at more risk of having babesiosis as compared to males in cattle (OR=01.24, CI=0.82-1.89) as well as buffaloes (OR=01.32, CI=0.81-2.14). The study concludes that babesiosis is prevalent in study district and adult animas and summer months were found significantly associated with the occurrence of this tick-borne disease. These study findings will aid in establishment of better strategies for prevention and control of disease.

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Spector, Rachel, Michael D. Lum, Aikaterini Papamanoli, Kelsey Reardon, Evan Garry, and Luis Marcos. "746. Comparing Hospital Course in Hospitalized Patients Infected with Babesiosis Versus Patients Coinfected with Lyme Disease and Babesiosis." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S420—S421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.936.

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Abstract Background Research is currently lacking on the interplay between Babesiosis and Lyme disease (LD) and how this coinfection may translate into morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical features of patients with single-infection with Babesia microti to those co-infected with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti. Methods A retrospective review of all adult patients diagnosed with babesiosis and tested for LD at Stony Brook University Hospital between 2014 and 2019 was performed (n=40). Patients with single babesia infection (Group 1, n=22) were compared to those with Babesia and LD (Group 2, n=18). Babesiosis diagnosis was determined by microscopic visualization of Babesia spp under peripheral blood smear, and confirmed by PCR for B. microti. LD inclusion criteria included a positive screened ELISA test for lyme followed by positive IgM antibody by western blot per CDC criteria (2-3 positive bands). Statistical analysis of the data involved Fisher exact test, Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Statistical significance was considered as a p-value less than 0.05. Results There was no significant difference in gender, race, and age (p >.75) between both groups as well as comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, heart conditions, and immunocompromised state (p=1.0). Maximum parasitemia (Group 1: 1.1%, Group 2: 1.7%, p= 0.26) and percentage admitted to the ICU (Group 1: 18.18%, Group 2: 22.22%, p=1.0) were similar among both groups. While lab values on admission including WBC, hemoglobin, platelets, LDH, ALT, and AST did not significantly differ (p >.09), the length of hospital stay in group 2 was significantly longer than group 1 (Group 1: 3.0 days, Group 2: 5.5 days; p=0.03). There was a 0% mortality rate among both groups. Table 2: Biomarkers of Patients Monoinfected with Babesiosis Versus Patients Coinfected with Babesiosis and Lyme Disease. Table 1: Demographics of Patients Monoinfected with Babesiosis Versus Patients Coinfected with Babesiosis and Lyme Disease. Conclusion It is remarkable that despite no differences in lab values on admission, comorbidities, and demographics, patients with a coinfection had a longer hospital stay than those with only babesiosis. This suggests that having a coinfection with babesiosis and LD may lead to a more severe illness than a single infection with babesiosis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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