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Journal articles on the topic 'Babblers'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Cibois, Alice. "Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Babblers (Timaliidae)." Auk 120, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.1.35.

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Abstract The systematics of the babblers (Timaliidae) and related members of the Old World insectivorous passerines have been particularly difficult. To clarify our understanding of this group, phylogenetic relationships were constructed using sequences of three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, rRNA 12S and 16S). The results indicated that several species traditionally placed among babblers, the shrike babblers (Pteruthius) and the Gray-chested Thrush Babbler (Kakamega poliothorax), are not related to the Timaliidae, but belong to other passerine groups. Furthermore, the phylogenetic hypotheses inferred from molecular data suggest that the babblers assemblage includes two other oscine taxa traditionally considered to be distantly related, Sylvia (Sylviidae) and Zosterops (Zosteropidae). The polyphyly of several babbler genera is discussed, with particular attention to the laughingthrushes (genera Garrulax and Babax) for which the phylogeny is compared to previous hypotheses of relationships. Results from different tests under the maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood criteria indicate the rejection of the hypothesis of monophyly for the laughingthrushes group. Thus, the molecular phylogeny challenges the traditional classification of the Timaliidae.

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2

Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan, Attiqqah Fadziliah Sapian, Andrew Alek Tuen, and Chong Leong Puan. "Foraging strata and dietary preferences of fifteen species of babblers in Sarawak, Malaysia." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 9 (September 26, 2022): 21818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7650.14.9.21818-21825.

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Babblers are the primary insectivorous birds of the tropical forests in southeastern Asia which have shown to be affected by forest disturbance. Their high diversity, microhabitat specificity and specialised feeding guilds provide a good opportunity for ecological research pertaining to niche segregation. We examined the diet and foraging strata of 15 sympatric babbler species mist-netted in nine forests in Sarawak, eastern Malaysia. Based on 222 birds captured from December 2014 to March 2016, a segregation in foraging strata was found, with half of the species captured frequenting low strata, while only three were found at mid strata and four at high strata. Both species richness and abundance were found to decrease when the foraging height increased. From a total of 136 prey items retrieved from regurgitated and faecal samples of 13 babbler species, we found that Coleoptera (41.5%), Hymenoptera (36.2%), and Araneae (12.3%) formed the major diet of the birds. Diet overlaps among the babblers were relatively low. Our study demonstrated the possible presence of spatial and trophic niche segregation among babblers, and justified their ecological role as indicators of tropical forest ecosystem health, especially in the case of specialists, that deserve further conservation attention.

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3

Goodale, Eben, and Sarath W. Kotagama. "Testing the roles of species in mixed-species bird flocks of a Sri Lankan rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 6 (October 19, 2005): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002609.

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Studies of mixed-species bird flocks have found that ‘nuclear’ species, those important to flock coherence, are either intraspecifically gregarious or are ‘sentinel’ species highly sensitive to predators. Both types of species are present in flocks of a Sri Lankan rain forest: orange-billed babblers (Turdoides rufescens Blyth) are highly gregarious, whereas greater racket-tailed drongos (Dicrurus paradiseus Linnaeus) are less so, but more sensitive and reliable alarm-callers. We hypothesized that flock participants would be attracted to the playback of both species more than to the clearly non-nuclear yellow-fronted barbet (Megalaima flavifrons Cuvier). Further, we hypothesized that insectivores would prefer babbler vocalizations, as babblers could facilitate their foraging in several ways. We found that the response of insectivores was three times greater during babbler or drongo playback, and eight times greater during playback of these two species together, than during barbet playback or silence. Insectivores did not show, however, any difference in their response to babbler as compared to drongo playback; omnivores and frugivores responded relatively equally to all treatments. Our results show that birds with high propensity to flock, such as insectivores, use the vocalizations of nuclear species to locate flocks and that a sentinel species may be as attractive as a highly gregarious species.

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4

JULIANA, JONATHON, and DENCY FLENNY GAWIN. "Foraging Behaviour of Three Sympatric Babblers (Family: Timaliidae)." Trends in Undergraduate Research 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): a26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2138.2020.

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We investigated the foraging ecology of three species of babblers in Kampung Gumbang, Kampung Padang Pan and Dered Krian National Park, Bau. Vegetation in Kampung Gumbang include tall trees, shrubs and patches of kerangas. Dered Kerian National Park consists of mixed dipterocarp forest and limestone forest, which is surrounded by orchards and few villages. In Kampung Padang Pan, the vegetation is a mixed fruit orchard and secondary forest. Foraging data were obtained to compare foraging behaviour in three species. From 133 observations, suspended dead leaves was the most frequently used substrate by the three species. Stachyris maculate showed the most general foraging behavior, and it adopted probing strategy. Cyanoderma erythropterum and Mixnornis gularis obtained food items by gleaning. These three babblers utilize different foraging strategies and substrates, irrespective of their resemblances in other characteristics. C. erythropterum and S. maculate forage mainly among dead and curled, twisted leaves in understory vegetation at significantly different heights. M. gularis forages on dead and living leaves and this species can be found abundantly in disturbed forest and plantation or farm habitats. All the three areas were observed never lacked falling leaves and structural complexity required as foraging substrates by those three babbler species. All three babblers occupy different foraging niches, and therefore interspecific competitions among themselves are minimized.

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5

Ridley, Amanda R., Matthew F. Child, and Matthew B. V. Bell. "Interspecific audience effects on the alarm-calling behaviour of a kleptoparasitic bird." Biology Letters 3, no. 6 (August 14, 2007): 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0325.

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Audience effects are increasingly recognized as an important aspect of intraspecific communication. Yet despite the common occurrence of interspecific interactions and considerable evidence that individuals respond to the calls of heterospecifics, empirical evidence for interspecific audience effects on signalling behaviour is lacking. Here we present evidence of an interspecific audience effect on the alarm-calling behaviour of the kleptoparasitic fork-tailed drongo ( Dicrurus adsimilis ). When foraging solitarily, drongos regularly alarm at aerial predators, but rarely alarm at terrestrial predators. In contrast, when drongos are following terrestrially foraging pied babblers ( Turdoides bicolor ) for kleptoparasitic opportunities, they consistently give alarm calls to both aerial and terrestrial predators. This change occurs despite no difference in the amount of time that drongos spend foraging terrestrially. Babblers respond to drongo alarm calls by fleeing to cover, providing drongos with opportunities to steal babbler food items by occasionally giving false alarm calls. This provides an example of an interspecific audience effect on alarm-calling behaviour that may be explained by the benefits received from audience response.

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6

Engesser, Sabrina, Amanda R. Ridley, and Simon W. Townsend. "Meaningful call combinations and compositional processing in the southern pied babbler." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 21 (May 6, 2016): 5976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600970113.

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Language’s expressive power is largely attributable to its compositionality: meaningful words are combined into larger/higher-order structures with derived meaning. Despite its importance, little is known regarding the evolutionary origins and emergence of this syntactic ability. Although previous research has shown a rudimentary capability to combine meaningful calls in primates, because of a scarcity of comparative data, it is unclear to what extent analog forms might also exist outside of primates. Here, we address this ambiguity and provide evidence for rudimentary compositionality in the discrete vocal system of a social passerine, the pied babbler (Turdoides bicolor). Natural observations and predator presentations revealed that babblers produce acoustically distinct alert calls in response to close, low-urgency threats and recruitment calls when recruiting group members during locomotion. On encountering terrestrial predators, both vocalizations are combined into a “mobbing sequence,” potentially to recruit group members in a dangerous situation. To investigate whether babblers process the sequence in a compositional way, we conducted systematic experiments, playing back the individual calls in isolation as well as naturally occurring and artificial sequences. Babblers reacted most strongly to mobbing sequence playbacks, showing a greater attentiveness and a quicker approach to the loudspeaker, compared with individual calls or control sequences. We conclude that the sequence constitutes a compositional structure, communicating information on both the context and the requested action. Our work supports previous research suggesting combinatoriality as a viable mechanism to increase communicative output and indicates that the ability to combine and process meaningful vocal structures, a basic syntax, may be more widespread than previously thought.

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7

LEI, LUJIA, XINGZHI CHU, BILAL DIK, FASHENG ZOU, HAITAO WANG, and DANIEL R. GUSTAFSSON. "Four new species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from Chinese babblers (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Paradoxornithidae, Timaliidae)." Zootaxa 4878, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.1.4.

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Four new species of amblyceran chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea Waterston, 1915 are described from hosts of the babbler families Leiothrichidae, Paradoxornithidae and Timaliidae in China. They are: Myrsidea attenuata n. sp. from Garrulax maesi maesi (Oustalet, 1890), Myrsidea zhangae n. sp. from Ianthocincla berthemyi (Oustalet, 1876), Myrsidea liopari n. sp. from Lioparus chrysotis amoenus (Mayr, 1941) and L. chrysotis swinhoii (Verreaux, 1871), and Myrsidea suthorae n. sp. from Suthora verreauxi verreauxi Sharpe, 1883. A checklist of host-louse associations for identified and unidentified Myrsidea species known from babblers is provided.

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8

Adhana, Preeti, Kalpana singh, and Vandana Garg. "Population and distribution status of jungle babbler (Turdoides striata) at Chaudhary Charan Singh University campus, Meerut (U.P)." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 7, no. 4 (July 26, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2022.v07.i04.003.

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In the past, the jungle babbler (Turdoides striata), a species of endemic avian species in India, was referred to as the 'seven sisters' since it forms groups of 2-20 individuals. To begin the fieldwork, about 222 acres covering the area of the university campus were divided into three major habitat types: open scrub, dry deciduous, and urbanized. During the survey of jungle babblers, we monitored their nests. We recorded more than 118 nests and found additional evidence of nesting in the park. The trees like neem and Ashok possessed nests at a height of approximately 1.53 meters to 5.27 meters. Most of the birds were native of our sites as Departmental area, Freedom Fighter Matadeen Valmiki Tapowan, Sir Chhotu Ram Institute of Engineering & Technology and Agriculture Field. The maximum group size was 7 of jungle babbler in particular sites and the minimum group size was 5 of jungle babbler on line transect. Data of habitat variables were also collected at the particular sites of jungle babbler sighted on point count and line transect method and population of jungle babbler were estimated by total count.

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9

Zahavi, Avishag, Amotz Zahavi, and Orit Pozis-Francois. "Social Play in Arabian Babblers." Behaviour 141, no. 4 (2004): 425–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853904323066720.

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AbstractSocial play behavior was studied in eleven groups of tame, color-ringed Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps) at the Shezaf nature reserve near Hazeva in the Rift Valley in Israel. 2500 instances of play were recorded in 950 hours of observations carried out from July 1981 to June 1983. Four hours of play interactions were recorded on video-tape and were analyzed using slow-motion techniques. Babblers' play fits all the criteria for 'social play' described by Loizos (1967) and by Muller-Schwarze (1978). The most common forms of play observed were wrestling, displacement (king-of-the-hill), chases, and tug-of-war. Several play-signals were identified: crouching, rolling over, elevation of sticks, play bow, establishing eye contact and freezing briefly in the middle of play. No vocal play-signals were observed. The ontogeny of play is briefly described. Play activity diminishes with age. Dominants play less than subordinates. Babblers tend to play with individuals close to them in rank. Breeding females rarely play. There was no effect of age, dominance or gender on the type of play. When playing, dominants use play-signals more often than subordinates do. Social tension in a group inhibited play activity. Babblers play more in summer than in winter. Bouts of play tend to alternate with bouts of allopreening. Food supplementation increased both activities. Play is more demanding than allopreening, both physically and socially. It is suggested that in babblers testing the social bond is a major component in both social play and allopreening.

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10

Anava, Avner, Michael Kam, Amiram Shkolnik, and A. Allan Degen. "Seasonal daily, daytime and night-time field metabolic rates in Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps)." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 22 (November 15, 2002): 3571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.22.3571.

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SUMMARY Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps; mean adult body mass=72.5 g) inhabit extreme deserts of Israel. Previous studies have shown that their daily field metabolic rates are similar in winter and summer and that there is an increase during the breeding season. We hypothesized that the difference in seasonal daily field metabolic rate would be a consequence of differences in daytime metabolic rate, and that night-time metabolic rate would be similar during the three seasons. We used doubly labelled water to determine daily,daytime and night-time field metabolic and water-influx rates in breeding babblers in spring and nonbreeding babblers in winter and summer. Daily and daytime energy expenditure rates were higher during the breeding season than during either summer or winter, but there was no difference among seasons in night-time energy expenditure rates. Thus, our hypothesis was supported. The daytime field metabolic rates in summer and winter nonbreeding babblers were 3.92× and 4.32× the resting metabolic rate (RMR),respectively, and in breeding babblers was 5.04× RMR, whereas the night-time field metabolic rates ranged between 1.26× RMR and 1.35× RMR in the three seasons. Daily and daytime water-influx rates were highest in winter, intermediate during the breeding season and lowest in summer, but there was no difference among seasons in night-time water-influx rate. Daytime water-influx rate was greater than night-time water-influx rate by 2.5-fold in summer, 3.9-fold in the breeding season and 6.75-fold in winter. Seasonal patterns of daily and daytime energy expenditure were similar, as were seasonal patterns of daily and daytime water influx. Daily and daytime energy expenditure and water-influx rates differed among seasons whereas night-time rates of both did not. Daily and daytime field metabolic rates of babblers were highest during the breeding season, whereas daily and daytime water-influx rates were highest in winter.

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11

Dattner, Arnon, Amotz Zahavi, and Avishag Zahavi. "Competition over guarding in the Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps), a cooperative breeder." F1000Research 4 (August 24, 2015): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6739.1.

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Observations on 12 groups comprised of two adult males and one adult female (some included one or two fledglings), tame, individually marked, Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps) in the rift valley in Israel revealed that the babblers compete to guard. The pattern of guarding and the way by which one sentinel replaces another reflect the dominance relationships within the group. The dominant (alpha) male guarded more than any other individual. It interfered with and replaced the guarding by the adult beta male more than it did with the yearlings. About one-third of the replacements occurred less than one minute after the sentinel had assumed guarding. Whereas the dominant often replaced its subordinates directly; subordinates hardly ever replaced their dominants directly. The alpha male often allofed the beta male during the replacement. Replacements and allofeeding of the beta males by the alpha males increased significantly during courtship, when competition over breeding was maximal, and dropped back to their previous level at the start of incubation, highlighting the competitive basis underlying the act of guarding. Competition over altruistic acts, as shown here for guarding, is not compatible with explanations based on the assumption that altruistic acts reduce the fitness (reproductive success) of the altruist. We suggest, in contrast, that by investing in guarding and by intervening in the guarding of its competitors, a babbler demonstrates and signals its quality and its control over its competitors, thereby increasing its prestige and consequently its direct fitness.

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12

Dattner, Arnon, Amotz Zahavi, and Avishag Zahavi. "Competition over guarding in the Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps), a cooperative breeder." F1000Research 4 (February 4, 2016): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6739.2.

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Observations on 12 groups comprised of two adult males and one adult female (some included one or two fledglings), tame, individually marked, Arabian babblers (Turdoides squamiceps) in the rift valley in Israel revealed that the babblers compete to guard. The pattern of guarding and the way by which one sentinel replaces another reflect the dominance relationships within the group. The dominant (alpha) male guarded more than any other individual. It interfered with and replaced the guarding by the adult beta male more than it did with the yearlings. About one-third of the replacements occurred less than one minute after the sentinel had assumed guarding. Whereas the dominant often replaced its subordinates directly; subordinates hardly ever replaced their dominants directly. The alpha male often allofed the beta male during the replacement. Replacements and allofeeding of the beta males by the alpha males increased significantly during courtship, when competition over breeding was maximal, and dropped back to their previous level at the start of incubation, highlighting the competitive basis underlying the act of guarding. Competition over altruistic acts, as shown here for guarding, is not compatible with explanations based on the assumption that altruistic acts reduce the fitness (reproductive success) of the altruist. We suggest, in contrast, that by investing in guarding and by intervening in the guarding of its competitors, a babbler demonstrates and signals its quality and its control over its competitors, thereby increasing its prestige and consequently its direct fitness.

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13

Cibois, Alice. "Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Babblers (Timaliidae)." Auk 120, no. 1 (January 2003): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4090138.

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14

Cibois, Alice. "MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PHYLOGENY OF BABBLERS (TIMALIIDAE)." Auk 120, no. 1 (2003): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0035:mdpobt]2.0.co;2.

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15

Brown, Jerram L. "HELPERS AMONG ARABIAN BABBLERS TURDOIDES SQUAMICEPS." Ibis 117, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1975.tb04211.x.

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16

Knight, Kathryn. "Chestnut-crowned babblers huddle for comfort." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 21 (November 1, 2016): 3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.151423.

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17

Kalishov, Amir, Avishag Zahavi, and Amotz Zahavi. "Allofeeding in Arabian Babblers (Turdoides squamiceps)." Journal of Ornithology 146, no. 2 (March 15, 2005): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-005-0073-x.

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18

Shaw, Philip. "Behavioural observations on Black-faced Babblers, Turdoides melanops, and Bare-cheeked Babblers, T. gymnogenys, in Namibia." Ostrich 72, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306520109485298.

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19

Anava, Avner, Michael Kam, Amiram Shkolnik, and A. Allan Degen. "Effect of Group Size on Field Metabolic Rate of Arabian Babblers Provisioning Nestlings." Condor 103, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.2.376.

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Abstract Arabian Babblers (Turdoides squamiceps; adult body mass 65–75 g) are territorial, cooperatively breeding passerines that inhabit hot, dry deserts. Groups include breeding adults and helpers and generally consist of 3 to 5 individuals (range 2 to 22). All group members provision nestlings at similar rates, and individual visitation rates decline with increasing group size. Consequently, we predicted that the field metabolic rate (FMR) of individuals provisioning nestlings would decrease with increasing group size. To test this prediction, we determined FMR of primary female, primary male, female helper and male helper babblers in different sized groups provisioning nestlings. Field metabolic rate of primary females, but not other classes, decreased linearly with group size. This energy savings could allow primary females in larger groups to start a new nest more quickly. FMR for all babblers was 61% to 66% of the value predicted for a passerine of its body mass provisioning nestlings and was 3.11 × BMR, similar to the mean value of 3.13 × BMR reported for a number of terrestrial species.

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20

Anava, Avner, Michael Kam, Amiram Shkolnik, and A. Allan Degen. "Growth Rate and Energetics of Arabian Babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) Nestlings." Auk 118, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.2.519.

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Abstract Arabian Babblers (Turdoides squamiceps) are territorial, cooperative breeding passerines that inhabit extreme deserts and live in groups all year round. All members of the group feed nestlings in a single nest, and all group members provision at similar rates. Nestlings are altricial and fledge at about 12 to 14 days, which is short for a passerine of its body mass. Because parents and helpers feed nestlings, we hypothesized that the growth rate of nestlings is fast and that they fledge at a body mass similar to other passerine fledglings. Using a logistic growth curve, the growth rate constant (k) of nestlings was 0.450, which was 18% higher than that predicted for a passerine of its body mass. Asymptotic body mass of fledglings was 46 g, which was only 63% of adult body mass, a low percentage compared to other passerines. Energy intake retained as energy accumulated in tissue decreased with age in babbler nestlings and amounted to 0.29 of the total metabolizable energy intake over the nestling period. However, energy content per gram of body mass increased with age and averaged 4.48 kJ/g body mass. We concluded that our hypothesis was partially confirmed. Growth rate of babbler nestlings was relatively fast compared to other passerine species, but fledgling mass was relatively low.

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21

Raihani, Nichola J., and Amanda R. Ridley. "Experimental evidence for teaching in wild pied babblers." Animal Behaviour 75, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.07.024.

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22

Mansor, Mohammad Saiful, and Rosli Ramli. "Foraging niche segregation in Malaysian babblers (Family: Timaliidae)." PLOS ONE 12, no. 3 (March 2, 2017): e0172836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172836.

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23

Knight, Kathryn. "Chilly white-browed babblers huddle to avoid torpor." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 7 (March 29, 2017): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.159202.

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24

SOMMER, CHRISTINA. "ALARM CALLING AND SENTINEL BEHAVIOUR IN ARABIAN BABBLERS." Bioacoustics 20, no. 3 (January 2011): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2011.9753657.

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25

Moyle, Robert G., Michael J. Andersen, Carl H. Oliveros, Frank D. Steinheimer, and Sushma Reddy. "Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Core Babblers (Aves: Timaliidae)." Systematic Biology 61, no. 4 (February 10, 2012): 631–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys027.

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26

Päckert, Martin, Jochen Martens, Wei Liang, Yu-Cheng Hsu, and Yue-Hua Sun. "Molecular genetic and bioacoustic differentiation of Pnoepyga Wren-babblers." Journal of Ornithology 154, no. 2 (September 26, 2012): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-012-0897-0.

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27

Rappole, John H., Swen C. Renner, Nay Myo Shwe, and Paul R. Sweet. "A New Species of Scimitar-Babbler (Timaliidae: Jabouilleia) From the Sub-Himalayan Region of Myanmar." Auk 122, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 1064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.4.1064.

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Abstract An expedition of representatives from the Myanmar Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division and the Smithsonian National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center visited the town of Naung Mung on the Nam Tisang River in the extreme northern portion of Kachin State, Myanmar, during February 2004. The town is located in the sub-Himalayan region of the country at 27°29′N, 97°48′E, elevation 540 m, 118 km south of the Tibetan border and 53 km west of the border with Yunnan Province, China. The purpose of the trip was to inventory the poorly known avifauna of the premontane temperate rainforest habitat at that site. On 6 February 2004, we captured two scimitar-babblers that appeared to be representatives of the genus Jabouilleia. An additional individual of the taxon was captured in the same vicinity on 8 February 2004. These were the first records for Jabouilleia from Myanmar, and subsequent investigation showed that these specimens were members of a previously undescribed species, which we designate Jabouilleia naungmungensis, the Naung Mung Scimitar-Babbler. Une Nouvelle Espèce de Jabouilleia (Timaliidae) dans la Région sub-Himalayenne de la Birmanie

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28

Heifetz, Aviad, Ruth Heller, and Roni Ostreiher. "Do Arabian babblers play mixed strategies in a “volunteer’s dilemma”?" Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 91 (April 2021): 101661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2021.101661.

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29

Raihani, Nichola J., Martha J. Nelson-Flower, Kelly Moyes, Lucy E. Browning, and Amanda R. Ridley. "Synchronous provisioning increases brood survival in cooperatively breeding pied babblers." Journal of Animal Ecology 79, no. 1 (January 2010): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01606.x.

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30

Raihani, Nichola J., Martha J. Nelson-Flower, Krystyna A. Golabek, and Amanda R. Ridley. "Routes to breeding in cooperatively breeding pied babblers Turdoides bicolor." Journal of Avian Biology 41, no. 6 (November 2010): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048x.2010.05211.x.

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31

Anava, Avner, Michael Kam, Amiram Shkolnik, and A. Allan Degen. "Does Group Size Affect Field Metabolic Rate of Arabian Babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) Nestlings?" Auk 118, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.2.525.

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Abstract Arabian Babblers (Turdoides squamiceps) are territorial, cooperative breeding passerines in which groups consist of parents and helpers. All members of the group feed nestlings in a single nest and all group members provision at similar rates. We hypothesized that the field metabolic rate (FMR) of Arabian Babbler nestlings is related to group feeding; that is, FMR would be greater in nestlings of larger rather than smaller sized groups. To test that hypothesis, we measured FMR of 10 day old nestlings from small (2 and 3 individuals), medium (4 and 5 individuals), and large (6 or more individuals) groups. We also determined number of hatchlings and fledglings produced per group. There was an increase in body mass and FMR from small to medium-sized groups, but there was a levelling off or decrease in those parameters in large groups. That suggests that there is an optimum group number for provisioning nestlings, above which there may be a negative effect. The relationship between group size and annual number of eggs was not significant, but there was a positive and linear relationship between group size and annual fledglings production. Thus, more eggs reached the fledgling stage with an increase in group size, suggesting that larger groups are better able to defend the nest against predators.

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Nelson-Flower, Martha J., Philip A. R. Hockey, Colleen O’Ryan, and Amanda R. Ridley. "Inbreeding avoidance mechanisms: dispersal dynamics in cooperatively breeding southern pied babblers." Journal of Animal Ecology 81, no. 4 (April 3, 2012): 876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01983.x.

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Raihani, Nichola J., Amanda R. Ridley, Lucy E. Browning, Martha J. Nelson-Flower, and Sarah Knowles. "Juvenile Female Aggression in Cooperatively Breeding Pied Babblers: Causes and Contexts." Ethology 114, no. 5 (May 2008): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01482.x.

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Reddy, Sushma, and Joel Cracraft. "Old World Shrike-babblers (Pteruthius) belong with New World Vireos (Vireonidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44, no. 3 (September 2007): 1352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.023.

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Ostreiher, Roni, and Aviad Heifetz. "The sentineling-Foraging trade-off in dominant and subordinate Arabian babblers." Ethology 125, no. 2 (January 4, 2019): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12833.

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Bell, M. B. V., A. N. Radford, R. A. Smith, A. M. Thompson, and A. R. Ridley. "Bargaining babblers: vocal negotiation of cooperative behaviour in a social bird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1698 (June 2, 2010): 3223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0643.

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Gelang, Magnus, Alice Cibois, Eric Pasquet, Urban Olsson, Per Alström, and Per G. P. Ericson. "Phylogeny of babblers (Aves, Passeriformes): major lineages, family limits and classification." Zoologica Scripta 38, no. 3 (May 2009): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00374.x.

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G. Cale, Peter. "The spatial dynamics of White-browed Babbler groups in a fragmented agricultural landscape." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 4 (2002): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030271.

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White-browed Babbler Pomatostomus superciliosus groups occupying linear strips of vegetation had breeding territories that were smaller in area and had longer linear dimensions than those occupying patches. A group's non-breeding home range was larger than its breeding territory. Groups occupying linear/patch home ranges expanded the linear extent and area of their home ranges more than those within other home range configurations. Some groups moved during the non-breeding season and this was more likely to occur if the group occupied a remnant with a low abundance of invertebrates during summer. Some groups that moved returned prior to the next breeding season, but the majority were never seen again. New groups moved into the study sites and established in vacant home ranges. This suggests that those groups that left the study sites may have established new home ranges elsewhere. Breeding site fidelity was lower in groups that had failed in previous breeding attempts. Therefore, group movements were influenced by the feeding and breeding quality of the habitat. However, the configuration of the local population also influenced group movements with those groups on the edge of a local population being more likely to move than those in the interior. New groups were formed by two processes; group dispersal, where groups generally filled a vacant home range, and group budding, which involved the splitting of a large group. Group dispersal maintained group densities while group budding increased the density of groups in a local population. These two processes were common, producing localized fluctuations in the density of groups. Since babbler groups contain only one breeding pair, changes in group density represent changes in effective population size. Therefore, group dynamics may be important to the persistence of local populations of White-browed Babblers, especially in landscapes that have suffered from habitat loss and fragmentation.

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KAM, MICHAEL, AVNER ANAVA, AMIRAM SHKOLNIK, and A. ALLAN DEGEN. "ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND ITS COMPONENTS IN FREE-LIVING ARABIAN BABBLERS (TURDOIDES SQUAMICEPS)." Israel Journal of Zoology 49, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/qe8x-6l1g-dev5-3h86.

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Price, Roger D., Don C. Arnold, and Sarah E. Bush. "Five New Species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Asian Babblers (Passeriformes: Timaliidae)." Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 79, no. 4 (October 2006): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2317/0602.14.1.

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Cibois, Alice, Mikhail V. Kalyakin, Han Lian-Xian, and Eric Pasquet. "Molecular phylogenetics of babblers (Timaliidae): revaluation of the genera Yuhina and Stachyris." Journal of Avian Biology 33, no. 4 (December 2002): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-048x.2002.02882.x.

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Nomano, Fumiaki Y., Lucy E. Browning, James L. Savage, Lee A. Rollins, Simon C. Griffith, and Andrew F. Russell. "Unrelated helpers neither signal contributions nor suffer retribution in chestnut-crowed babblers." Behavioral Ecology 26, no. 4 (2015): 986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv023.

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GASTON, A. J., and D. N. MATHEW. "REGIONAL VARIATION IN THE BREEDING SEASONS OF BABBLERS (TURDOZDES SPP.) IN INDIA." Ibis 121, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1979.tb06695.x.

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SHAW, PHILIP, and MICHAEL SHEWRY. "Abundance, group size and breeding success of Bare-cheeked Babblers Turdoides gymnogenys." Ibis 142, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2000.tb07684.x.

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Cai, Tianlong, Alice Cibois, Per Alström, Robert G. Moyle, Jonathan D. Kennedy, Shimiao Shao, Ruiying Zhang, et al. "Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world’s babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130 (January 2019): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.010.

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Lundy, K. J., P. G. Parker, and A. Zahavi. "Reproduction by subordinates in cooperatively breeding Arabian babblers is uncommon but predictable." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 43, no. 3 (August 10, 1998): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050478.

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Keynan, Oded, Amanda R. Ridley, and Arnon Lotem. "Task-Dependent Differences in Learning by Subordinate and Dominant Wild Arabian Babblers." Ethology 122, no. 5 (March 11, 2016): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12488.

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Blackmore, Caroline J., and Robert Heinsohn. "Variable mating strategies and incest avoidance in cooperatively breeding grey-crowned babblers." Animal Behaviour 75, no. 1 (January 2008): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.04.010.

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Carlisle, Tamsie R., and Amotz Zahavi. "Helping at the nest, allofeeding and social status in immature arabian babblers." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 18, no. 5 (April 1986): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00299665.

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Engesser, Sabrina, Jennifer L. Holub, Louis G. O’Neill, Andrew F. Russell, and Simon W. Townsend. "Chestnut-crowned babbler calls are composed of meaningless shared building blocks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 39 (September 9, 2019): 19579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819513116.

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A core component of human language is its combinatorial sound system: meaningful signals are built from different combinations of meaningless sounds. Investigating whether nonhuman communication systems are also combinatorial is hampered by difficulties in identifying the extent to which vocalizations are constructed from shared, meaningless building blocks. Here we present an approach to circumvent this difficulty and show that a pair of functionally distinct chestnut-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps) vocalizations can be decomposed into perceptibly distinct, meaningless entities that are shared across the 2 calls. Specifically, by focusing on the acoustic distinctiveness of sound elements using a habituation-discrimination paradigm on wild-caught babblers under standardized aviary conditions, we show that 2 multielement calls are composed of perceptibly distinct sounds that are reused in different arrangements across the 2 calls. Furthermore, and critically, we show that none of the 5 constituent elements elicits functionally relevant responses in receivers, indicating that the constituent sounds do not carry the meaning of the call and so are contextually meaningless. Our work, which allows combinatorial systems in animals to be more easily identified, suggests that animals can produce functionally distinct calls that are built in a way superficially reminiscent of the way that humans produce morphemes and words. The results reported lend credence to the recent idea that language’s combinatorial system may have been preceded by a superficial stage where signalers neither needed to be cognitively aware of the combinatorial strategy in place, nor of its building blocks.

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