Journal articles: 'B. Pavyer'

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Contreras-Llanes, Manuel, Manuel Jesús Gázquez, and Maximina Romero. "Eco-Friendly Pavements Manufactured from Mixed Recycled Aggregates Obtained from Construction and Demolition Waste: An Industrial-Scale Validation." Materials 16, no. 24 (December 7, 2023): 7544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16247544.

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This study aimed to validate that laboratory-scale results could be commercially replicated when manufacturing marketable precast concrete. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) was separated into two (fine and coarse) recycled aggregates (RAs). Precast paver and kerb units were fabricated by partial or total substitution of natural aggregates (NAs) by RAs. The study involved the comprehensive characterisation of raw materials, including particle size distribution, mineral composition, and elemental composition. Paver blocks and kerbs manufactured with up to 50% RAs showed mechanical resistance (T = 3.7 ± 0.2 and B = 5.3 ± 0.6 MPa, respectively), water absorption between 5.3–5.7%, and abrasion resistance (approximately 20.2 mm), which met the standard requirements (UNE-EN 1340:2004 and UNE-EN 1338:2004). Furthermore, industrial-scale precast pavement units demonstrated strength and durability suitable for heavy traffic areas. A reduction of 13% in cement content could maintain the requirements with a partial RA substitution of 25%, offering economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, it is feasible at an industrial level to replace NAs with RAs, promoting durability and technological properties with a positive environmental impact and considerably reducing CO2 emissions by up to 65%. Overall, pavers with RAs manufactured at the laboratory scale met mechanical standards, and the kerb stones showed improvements in abrasion resistance. On an industrial scale, kerb stones and precast blocks with specific substitutions can meet strength, water absorption, and abrasion requirements, allowing a reduction in cement content.

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Knight, Athelia. "He Paved the Way for T. O. B. A." Black Perspective in Music 15, no. 2 (1987): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1214675.

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Lončarić, Mijo. "Buzetski dijalekt i kajkavština ." Kaj 54, no. 3-4 (December 15, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32004/k.54.3-4.3.

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Buzetski je dijalekt jedan je od šest čakavskih dijalekata, kako uzimamo od Brozovićeve klasifikacije čakavskoga narječja 1970. Danas se upotrebljavaju i nazivi gornjomiranski (Pliško) te buzetsko-gornjomiranski dijalekt. Dobro je istražen i poznat. Uvodno se osvrćem na povijest istraživanja, kada se i zašto govorilo o buzetskoj kajkavštini (Aleksandar Belić, Mieczysław Małecki,. Fran Ramovš i Tine Logar, Josip Ribarić, Mate Hraste, Pavle Ivić, Dalibor Brozović, Božidar Finka, Petar Šimunović, Silvana Vranić i dr.). Prvi je termin 'buzetski dijalekt' u značenju u kojem se i u suvremenoj literaturi percipira upotrijebio Dalibor Brozović (1970.). Ranije su buzetski govori tretirani kao spoj čakavskoga narječja i slovenskoga jezika, kajkavskoga i čakavskoga narječja ili kao dio ekavskoga čakavskoga dijalekta. Razlikuju se dva poddijalekta, sjevernoistočni većinski i jugozapadni manjinski. Na sjeveru je veći utjecaj slovenskoga jezika, više je slovenskih značajki, a na jugu je više čakavskih karakteristika. U glavnom dijelu priloga analiziraju se osobine posebno u odnosu na kajkavsko narječje.

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Ball, Philip. "In search of sentience The Sentient Cell: The Cellular Foundations of Consciousness Arthur S. Reber, František Baluška, William B. Miller Jr. Oxford University Press, 2024. 288 pp." Science 383, no. 6688 (March 15, 2024): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ado0065.

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Merola, Nicole M. ""for terror of the deadness beyond": Arctic Environments and Inhuman Ecologies in Michelle Paver’s Dark Matter // "por terror a lo inerte más allá": Entornos árticos y ecologías inhumanas en La materia oscura de Michelle Paver." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 5, no. 2 (August 28, 2014): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2014.5.2.611.

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In this essay I examine Michelle Paver’s 2010 novel Dark Matter, a ghost story, for how her use of the gothic and horror contributes to undermining pastoral and romantic fantasies about the Arctic. Drawing on the history of whale, walrus, and seal hunting in Svalbard, the site of the novel’s 1937 scientific expedition, and my own experience there, I look at the tension Paver creates between the beauty of the Svalbard environment and its long history as a location for human violence against nonhuman animals. I suggest that, through the figure of the gengånger, or “one who walks again,” and the built environment and relics in Svalbard, Paver works to transmit both the violence of harvesting marine mammals and the violence men perpetrate against each other in the name of resource extraction. In this essay I engage in dialogue with recent environmental humanities work on ecophobia, dark ecologies, and the ecocritical uses of fear, and argue for the consideration of the ghost story, a genre little studied by ecocritics. Through highlighting the novel’s focus on violence linked to extractive practices, I suggest, finally, that Dark Matter performs two important functions: it records past inhuman ecologies and it opens out onto a reading of contemporary Arctic geopolitics. Resumen Este ensayo analiza cómo el uso de narrativas góticas y de terror en la novela de Michelle Paver Dark Matter (La materia oscura, 2010), un cuento de fantasmas, debilita las fantasías bucólicas y románticas del Ártico. Recurriendo a la historia de la caza de ballenas, morsas y focas en Svalbard, el emplazamiento de la expedición científica de 1937 de la novela, así como mi propia experiencia allí, analizo la tensión creada por Paver entre la belleza del medio ambiente de Svalbard y su larga historia como lugar de violencia humana contra animales no-humano. Sugiero que, a través de la figura del gengänger, o “el que anda otra vez,” las reliquias y el medio ambiente construido de Svalbard, Paver intenta transmitir tanto la violencia de la cosecha y comercio de mamíferos marinos como la que perpetúan los hombres contra sí mismos en nombre de la extracción de recursos. En este ensayo entro en dialogo con el trabajo reciente de las humanidades medioambientales sobre la ecofobia, las ecologías oscuras, y el uso del miedo en la ecocrítica, y propongo el estudio del cuento de fantasmas, un género que ha recibido poca atención de los ecocríticos. Al destacar el foco de la novela sobre la violencia relacionada con las prácticas de extracción, sugiero, finalmente, que Dark Matter, tiene dos funciones importantes: graba ecologías inhumanas del pasado y abre una lectura de la geopolítica del Ártico contemporánea.

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Caan, Woody. "Bush plans to screen whole US population for mental illness: Is road of initiative paved with good intentions?" BMJ 329, no. 7460 (July 29, 2004): 292.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7460.292-b.

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Steinbach, Alexander, and Peter Rott. "Paving Low-Temperature Asphalt on the B 169 Highway Near Heyda." ACC JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acc-2024-0001.

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Abstract Research into lowering the temperature during the production and installation of hot asphalt has been going on for a long time. In addition to developing appropriate recipes, it is important to gain experience, particularly in asphalt paving technology, since in addition to the behavior of the different asphalt mixtures during their compaction, external factors such as the location of the project and weather conditions also play an important role. The testing of the low-temperature asphalt on the federal highway B 169 was carried out successfully. Due to the high pre-compaction by the paver screed, the required compaction values were achieved on the binder course with 4 rolling passes and on the surface course with 3 rolling passes. The viscosity-changing additives and the selected rolling technology had a positive influence on the results. However, precise measurement results for compaction could not be achieved using the PQI probe.

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Barannikov, Aleksandr Grigor’evich, and Sergey Sergeevich Potapov. "Pavel Ivanovich Kutyukhin (1899–1962) and former kutyukhinite (now kumtyubeite)." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2023-2-180-186.

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Pavel Ivanovich Kutyukhin, a prominent specialist in geology and mineralogy of gold, rare metal and tungsten deposits of the Urals. For about 15 years he headed the departments of exploration and geology of ore deposits of the Geological Exploration Faculty at the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. In honor of Pavel Ivanovich, a new mineral was named – kutyukhinite, calcium fluorosilicate, which was discovered by B. V. Chesnokov in the burnt dumps of the Chelyabinsk coal basin. The International Mineralogical Association did not approve it as a new mineral species, and recently a natural analogue, kumtyubeite, was found in the North Caucasus.

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Peshkov, Igor. "BAKHTIN QUESTION. THE SECOND ARTICLE: PAVEL NIKOLAEVICH MEDVEDEV." Literaturovedcheskii Zhurnal, no. 2 (2022): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/litzhur/2022.56.06.

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In the article a short biography of Pavel Nikolaevich Medvedev is demonstrated from the standpoint of his participation in Bakhtin’s circle and his publications under his own name a number of Bakhtin’s works, begun by the methodological article “Scientific Salierism” (1925), continued with reviews of the books of V. Shklovsky and B. Tomashevsky, a detailed replica “Sociologism without sociology” on the occasion of P.N. Sakulin’s monograph “Sociological method in literary criticism” (1925) and brought to great methodological clarity by the book “The Formal Method in Literary Criticism. A Critical Introduction to Sociological Poetics” (1928). The Medvedev’s management has been emphasized in the publication of these works, as well as the books “Freudianism. A Critical Sketch” (1927), “Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Fundamental Problems of the Sociological Method in the Science of Language” (1929) and the several articles and reviews published under the title authorship of Voloshinov, and the book under the clear authorship of Bakhtin “Problems of Dostoevsky’s Creation” (1929). The mediating role of Medvedev between the authorities and the intelligentsia in Vitebsk and Leningrad in the 1920 s - 1930 s is presented.

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Sujiartono, Ari, and Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko. "Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 With Asphalt Pen 60/70." SPIRIT OF SOCIETY JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/scj.v6i1.1732.

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In the framework of handling the bending pavement road, natural materials in the form of asphalt as a binding material in a hot paved blend are needed. One of the abundant natural asphaltic that has not been used to its fullest is Asbuton. The government through the Ministry of Public Works which is currently transformed into the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing has issued Public Works Regulation No. 35 of 2006 on Increasing the Utilization of Buton Asphalt for Road Maintenance and Development. Because various things that cause permission to use 100% Asbuton in hot paved blends can not be issued, the use of Asbuton is still limited to improving the quality of asphalt Pen 60/70. This research aims to obtain an optimal composition in the use of Asbuton using the type of Asbuton Grain B 50/30. It is hoped that the results of the research can be an additional reference for Asbuton producers as well as a new insight for civil engineering students who explore the path of bending pavement. The results showed that Asbuton Granular B 50/30 can be used in improving the quality of Asphalt Pen 60/70 with an optimal composition of 25% Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and 75% Asphalt Pen 60/70.

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Baltrusch, Simone. "The Role of Neurotropic B Vitamins in Nerve Regeneration." BioMed Research International 2021 (July 13, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9968228.

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Damage and regeneration naturally occur in the peripheral nervous system. The neurotropic B vitamins thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12) are key players, which maintain the neuronal viability in different ways. Firstly, they constantly protect nerves against damaging environmental influences. While vitamin B1 acts as a site-directed antioxidant, vitamin B6 balances nerve metabolism, and vitamin B12 maintains myelin sheaths. However, nerve injury occurs at times, because of an imbalance between protective factors and accumulating stress and noxae. This will result in the so-called Wallerian degeneration process. The presence of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 paves the way out to the following important regeneration by supporting the development of new cell structures. Furthermore, vitamin B1 facilitates the usage of carbohydrates for energy production, whereas vitamin B12 promotes nerve cell survival and remyelination. Absence of these vitamins will favor permanent nerve degeneration and pain, eventually leading to peripheral neuropathy.

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Yoon, Hyo In, Hyun Young Kim, Jaewoo Kim, Myung-Min Oh, and Jung Eek Son. "Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception in 3D Plant Structures and Intraindividual Distribution of Phenolic Contents." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052701.

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Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) acts as a regulatory stimulus, inducing the dose-dependent biosynthesis of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids at the leaf level. However, the heterogeneity of biosynthesis activation generated within a whole plant is not fully understood until now and cannot be interpreted without quantification of UV-B radiation interception. In this study, we analyzed the spatial UV-B radiation interception of kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala) grown under supplemental UV-B LED using ray-tracing simulation with 3-dimension-scanned models and leaf optical properties. The UV-B-induced phenolic compounds and flavonoids accumulated more, with higher UV-B interception and younger leaves. To distinguish the effects of UV-B energy and leaf developmental age, the contents were regressed separately and simultaneously. The effect of intercepted UV-B on flavonoid content was 4.9-fold that of leaf age, but the effects on phenolic compound biosynthesis were similar. This study confirmed the feasibility and relevance of UV-B radiation interception analysis and paves the way to explore the physical and physiological base determining the intraindividual distribution of phenolic compound in controlled environments.

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McIntosh, E. David G. "Development of vaccines against gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Zika virus." Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 21, no. 4 (2019): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2019.4.253-260.

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The success in preventing hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus infections by means of vaccination paves the way for the development of other vaccines to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Zika virus. The current status of vaccine development for these infections will be explored in this review.

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Höge, Holger. "Fechner in Context: Aesthetics from Below, Inner and Outer Psychophysics: A Reply to Pavel Machotka." Empirical Studies of the Arts 15, no. 1 (January 1997): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1wau-hxvq-cc6e-unth.

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In his recent article Machotka [1] has discussed several difficulties of Fechner's unique approach to look for progress in the field of aesthetics: from below. Machotka proposed a radically different methodology: (a) perception of interrelations, (b) giving form to content, (c) fitting form to content, and (d) bending rules. My basic argument is that his new methodology is still based on Fechner's methods, i.e., from below, however, on a higher level of complexity. Finally, some light is cast on the role Fechner assigned to the two parts of psychophysics: inner and outer psychophysics and their relation to aesthetics.

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Ni, Yen-Hsuan, and Mei-Hwei Chang. "The ways paved for prophylaxis againstde novohepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation: still many stones left unturned." Pediatric Transplantation 10, no. 4 (June 2006): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3046.2006.00494.x.

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Samudrala, Gopi, Kallol Chakrabarty, Paul A. Baker, Bernabe S. Tucker, Yogesh K. Vohra, and Shane A. Catledge. "Selective Deposition of Hard Boron-Carbon Microstructures on Silicon." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061397.

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Boron-rich B-C compounds with high hardness have been recently synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. In this paper, we present our successful efforts in the selective growth of microstructures of boron-carbon compounds on silicon substrates. This was achieved by combining microfabrication techniques such as maskless lithography and sputter deposition with the CVD technique. Our characterization studies on these B-C microstructures showed that they maintain structural and mechanical properties similar to that of their thin-film counterparts. The methodology presented here paves the way for the development of microstructures for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) applications which require custom hardness and strength properties. These hard B-C microstructures are an excellent choice as support structures in MEMS-based devices.

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Klioštoraitytė, Rasa. "P. P. PASOLINI’O POEZIJOS VERTIMO PROBLEMATIKA." Vertimo studijos 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2008.1.10622.

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Šio straipsnio tikslas – analizuojant P. P. Pasolini’o eilėraščių vertimus iš italų k. į lietuvių k. ir lyginant juos su tekstais originalo k. ištirti, ar vertėjui pavyko perteikti pagrindinius autoriaus poetikos ir stiliaus bruožus. Straipsnio pradžioje supažindinama su P. P. Pasolini’o kūrinių vertimais į lietuvių kalbą ir šio menininko kūrybos tyrinėjimais Lietuvoje. Toliau trumpai aptariama P. P. Pasolini’o poetika. Analizuojant išverstus eilėraščius remiamasi A. Popovičiaus ir J. Homleso (J. Homles) vertimo teorijomis bei B. Osimo vertimo raštu metodologija. Straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiamas svarbiausios literatūros ir šaltinių sąrašas.

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Phalen, Thomas E. "Discussion of “ Wind Effects on Roof Ballast Pavers ” by B. Bienkiewicz and R. N. Meroney (June, 1988, Vol. 114, No. 6)." Journal of Structural Engineering 116, no. 5 (May 1990): 1462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1990)116:5(1462).

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Bienkiewicz, B., and R. N. Meroney. "Closure to “ Wind Effects on Roof Ballast Pavers ” by B. Bienkiewicz and R. N. Meroney (June, 1988, Vol. 114, No. 6)." Journal of Structural Engineering 116, no. 5 (May 1990): 1464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1990)116:5(1464.2).

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Kinderman, Daniel. "Donald Trump, anti-establishment populism and the revolving door between business and politics in the United States." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 68, no. 2 (September 11, 2023): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0015.

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Abstract Revolving door dynamics are pervasive in the United States. There are vast literatures on the revolving door and on Donald Trump, but so far, no attempts to bring these literatures together. This paper represents a first attempt to do so and answer the following questions: Can Trump’s rise be understood as a culmination of revolving door dynamics, under which managers become politicians and politicians become lobbyists? What motivated Trump to revolve, and how has Trump’s presidency affected the revolving door? The paper places Trump into the context of the revolving door and compares him with previous presidents and presidential candidates. In recent decades, revolving door activity has increased. While this suggests that the revolving door paved the way for Trump, a close examination of the evidence reveals a more complex picture. Many American businesspeople have unsuccessfully run for president. Like the businessmen-turned-presidents who preceded him, Trump is a family businessman, not a manager or a CEO of a listed company. A multitude of additional factors contributed to Trump’s 2016 win including his status as a reality TV celebrity, his charisma, and his right-wing populism: Trump is from business but not from the business establishment. In addition, Trump revolved from business into politics, rather than from Capitol Hill to K Street. Candidate Trump railed against the revolving door and pledged to drain the swamp. President Trump swamped the drain and precipitated one of the most serious crises and threats to American democracy in the country’s history.

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Wu, Lan, and Luc Van Kaer. "B cell subsets in pericardial adipose tissues and their role in cardiovascular health." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 71.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.71.1.

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Abstract We have recently reported that murine pericardial adipose tissues house a large number of lymphoid clusters that have been referred to as fat-associated lymphoid clusters. We have further shown that these tertiary lymphoid tissues are enriched with B cells, in particular B-1a cells. These cells continuously produce a low level of IL-10 under unchallenged conditions, and further enhance the production of this cytokine upon stimulation. Following acute myocardial infarction (MI), these cells significantly expand in pericardial adipose tissues, and they accumulate in the infarcted heart during the resolution phase of MI-induced inflammation where they play a protective role by facilitating the termination of MI-induced inflammation. In our efforts to target B cells for the maintenance of cardiac health, we have now performed a comprehensive characterization of B cell subsets in murine pericardial adipose tissues focusing on cytokines. Using cytokine profiling, RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses, we have found that subsets of B cells in pericardial adipose tissues are fundamentally biased. Whereas B-2 cells are equipped to produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines, B-1a cells are biased towards producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. These results have paved our way in designing effective therapeutic strategy to target subsets of B cells for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

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Steyer, J. Sebastien. "The geological and palaeontological exploration of Laos; following in the footsteps of J. B. H. Counillon and A. Pavie." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315, no. 1 (2009): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp315.3.

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Ocampo, Yanet, Daneiva Caro, David Rivera, Jhoan Piermattey, Ricardo Gaitán, and Luis A. Franco. "Transcriptome Changes in Colorectal Cancer Cells upon Treatment with Avicequinone B." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 10, no. 4 (August 9, 2020): 638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/apb.2020.077.

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Purpose: Naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (Avicequinone B), a natural naphthoquinone isolated from the mangrove tree Avicennia alba, is recognized as a valuable synthetic precursor with anti-proliferative effect. However, the molecular mechanism involved in its bioactivity has not been investigated. This study aimed to determine the selectivity of avicequinone B against cancer cells and the transcriptomic changes induced in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: The cytotoxic effect against adenocarcinoma-derived cells or fibroblasts was evaluated using MTT assay. In addition, CRC cells were treated with avicequinone B in different settings to evaluate colony-forming ability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis/necrosis induction, and transcriptome response by RNA-seq. Results: Avicequinone B effectively reduced the viability of breast, colorectal, and lung adenocarcinoma cells with IC50 lower than 10 μM, while fibroblasts were less affected. The induction of G2/M arrest and necrosis-like cell death were observed in avicequinone B-treated HT-29 cells. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed 490 differentially expressed genes, highlighting the reduction of interferon stimulated genes and proliferative signaling pathways (JAK-STAT, MAPK, and PI3K-AKT), as well as the induction of ferroptosis and miR-21 expression. Conclusion: In short, these results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of avicequinone B and paved the foundation for elucidating its mechanisms in the context of CRC.

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Liu, Yongzhen, Stephanie Maya, and Alexander Ploss. "Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infection–Success, Challenges, and Future Directions." Viruses 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050777.

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects more than 250 million people worldwide, which greatly increases the risk for terminal liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even though current approved antiviral therapies, including pegylated type I interferon (IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogs, can effectively suppress viremia, HBV infection is rarely cured. Since HBV exhibits a narrow species tropism and robustly infects only humans and higher primates, progress in HBV research and preclinical testing of antiviral drugs has been hampered by the scarcity of suitable animal models. Fortunately, a series of surrogate animal models have been developed for the study of HBV. An increased understanding of the barriers towards interspecies transmission has aided in the development of human chimeric mice and has greatly paved the way for HBV research in vivo, and for evaluating potential therapies of chronic hepatitis B. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models for research of HBV and HBV-related hepadnaviruses, and we discuss challenges and future directions for improvement.

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He, Miaoxia, Bin Liu, Gusheng Tang, Lijuan Jiao, Xuefei Liu, Shuyi Yin, Tao Wang, et al. "B2M mutation paves the way for immune tolerance in pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas." Journal of Cancer 13, no. 15 (2022): 3598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.75813.

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Fu, Tianyu, Yamin Wang, Mingfeng Ma, Wei Dai, Lin Pan, Qingsen Shang, and Guangli Yu. "Isolation of Alginate-Degrading Bacteria from the Human Gut Microbiota and Discovery of Bacteroides xylanisolvens AY11-1 as a Novel Anti-Colitis Probiotic Bacterium." Nutrients 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15061352.

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Alginate has been documented to prevent the development and progression of ulcerative colitis by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the bacterium that may mediate the anti-colitis effect of alginate has not been fully characterized. We hypothesized that alginate-degrading bacteria might play a role here since these bacteria could utilize alginate as a carbon source. To test this hypothesis, we isolated 296 strains of alginate-degrading bacteria from the human gut. Bacteroides xylanisolvens AY11-1 was observed to have the best capability for alginate degradation. The degradation and fermentation of alginate by B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 produced significant amounts of oligosaccharides and short-chain fatty acids. Further studies indicated that B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 could alleviate body weight loss and contraction of colon length, reduce the incidences of bleeding and attenuate mucosal damage in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-fed mice. Mechanistically, B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 improved gut dysbiosis and promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria, including Blautia spp. And Prevotellaceae UCG-001, in diseased mice. Additionally, B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 showed no oral toxicity and was well-tolerated in male and female mice. Altogether, we illustrate for the first time an anti-colitis effect of the alginate-degrading bacterium B. xylanisolvens AY11-1. Our study paves the way for the development of B. xylanisolvens AY11-1 as a next-generation probiotic bacterium.

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Brace, R. C., and D. L. J. Quicke. "Further Analysis of Individual Spacing within Aggregations of the Anemone, Actinia Equina." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, no. 1 (February 1985): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400060781.

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We have recently assessed phenotypic and genotypic diversity within an aggregation of the intertidal beadlet anemone, Actinia equina L., located at Burniston in N. Yorkshire, on the east coast of Britain (Quicke & Brace, 1983). The study was undertaken in order to provide information relating to the role of intraspecific aggression (Bonnin, 1964; Brace & Pavey, 1978; Brace, Pavey & Quicke, 1979) in modifying the spacing of individuals. Limited work on the genus Actinia (A. tenebrosa Farquhar) has already indicated that whilst genetically dissimilar anemones display aggression towards one another, auto-genotypic aggression is minimal (Ayre, 1982), as is also the case for the clonal anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt) (Francis, 1973a,b,1976). We therefore anticipated that aggressive interactions would promote auto-genotypic clustering, initiated by the local settlement of the asexually produced, brooded young (Carter & Thorp, 1979; Gashout & Ormond, 1979; Orr, Thorpe & Carter, 1982), and that correspondingly, genetic diversity within aggregations of anemones would be low.

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Khan, Zishan Raza, and Syed Aqeel Ahmad. "Clog-Resistant Permeable Pavement: Methods of Performance Measurement." Current World Environment 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.09.

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Permeable pavements are considered to be one of the effective measures for LID (i.e. Low Impact Development) and SUDS (i.e. Sustainable Urban Drainage System) globally. The major three types of permeable pavements are (a) pervious concrete (PC), (b) previous asphalt (PA), and (c) permeable interlocked concrete paver (PICP). The performance of all types of permeable is satisfactory at the start of the service life but greatly reduced if not maintained on time. Considering the long lengths of the pavements, measurement of permeability at different locations is a cumbersome and tedious task. Therefore, ease of performance and realistic results are of vital importance. In this study, ASTM C1701/C1701M—17a single ring infiltrometer, Stormwater Infiltration Field Test (SWIFT), and NCAT permeameter Methods are discussed in detail and examined for their relative ease of setting-up, versatility and performance. It is concluded that ASTM C1701/C1701M—17a single ring infiltrometer is the most versatile, easy to set up and produces accurate results.

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Pabiś-Mazgaj, Ewelina, Paweł Pichniarczyk, Agata Stempkowska, and Tomasz Gawenda. "Possibility of Using Natural Zeolite Waste Granules Obtained by Pressure Agglomeration as a Sorbent for Petroleum Substances from Paved Surfaces." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 6871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196871.

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Increasing incidents of oil spills and dynamic development of civilization are driving the demand for sorbents. The production of the overwhelming majority of mineral sorbents involves the highly energy-consuming calcination process with CO2 emissions impacting the environment. Taking into account the environmental issues related to greenhouse gas emissions, we are in urgent need of green products and green technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using natural zeolite dust waste to produce oil sorbents in non-calcination technology. The main advantage of the proposed solution is reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and transformation of the waste material into green, useful product. The scope of the research covered the experimental tests for compaction of the zeolite material from Ukraine and Slovakia in a roller press with different type of binding agent and the performance tests for assessing the suitability of the produced agglomerates as a petroleum sorbent. In order to evaluate the agglomerates’ properties, textural-structural analysis (optical microscopy, SEM microscopy, and low-temperature N2 sorption), petroleum sorption (Westinghouse method), and physical-mechanical tests (resistance to gravitational drop, abrasion resistance) were carried out. Properties of the manufactured agglomerates were studied in comparison to commercial sorbent DAMSORB, commonly used in Poland. The test results showed that it is doable to produce the effective surface oil-spill sorbent from zeolite waste dust in a roller press by applying the relevant binding agent. The main finding of this study was that optimum feed composition for dry granulation that provides the granular sorbent with the best properties was established: 6% of C binder and moisture content within a narrow range of 20–20.6%. The C-1 sorbent achieved the highest and closely comparable to commercial sorbent parameters of petroleum sorption and drop strength, which are key points of this study. The absorption efficiency of petroleum substances for C-1 sorbent is 8% lower than that of a commercial sorbent, and resistance to gravitational drop is lower by only 3%. However, commercial sorbent exhibited better abrasion resistance compared to produced agglomerates, which is a compelling reason to continue the research in order to enhance the abrasion performance of the manufactured granules. The effectiveness of the dust consolidation method carried out was proved by textural parameters of the obtained zeolite-based sorbents. Specific surface area (SBET) of B-2 (SBET = 28.1 m2/g) and C-2 (SBET = 28.3 m2/g) sorbents was very similar to the commercial sorbent (SBET = 28.1 m2/g). Interestingly, all granules produced from clinoptilolite dust from Slovakia (A-2, B-2, C-2) achieved an increase of 19%, 33%, and 35%, respectively, in volume of mesopores, compared to the commercial sorbent. Moreover, the presented granulation technology favorably affected the size of the specific surface area as well as volume and surface area of mesopores in the case of obtained zeolite-based sorbent A-1 and B-1, compared with the starting raw material. Zeolite-based sorbent A-1 and B-1 achieved an increase of 17% and 18%, respectively, in specific area surface and an increase of 35% and 12%, respectively, in mesopores volume, compared with the raw material. Finally, the results of this investigation proved that it is possible to produce the efficient oil sorbent in a much more eco-friendly and green way, compared with that of the commercial sorbent.

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Colivicchi, Fabio. "A Blurring Frontier: The Territory of Caere in the Fourth and Third Centuries B. C. E." Etruscan Studies 23, no. 1-2 (November 4, 2020): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/etst-2020-0016.

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AbstractAt the end of a long history of increasingly close relationships with its neighbor, the Etruscan city of Caere became a sort of “satellite state” of Rome and was eventually transformed into a praefectura in 273 B. C. E. Historians have focused on the institutional aspect of the process, with its progressive “softening” of the political frontier between the two cities through the ciuitas sine suffragio, which paved the way for eventual assimilation. This paper examines the archeological record of the territory of Caere in the period between the late fourth and the third centuries B. C. E., tracking the development of settlement patterns and the cultural changes revealed by the material culture. Complex dynamics developed in the territory of Caere during this crucial period, with different groups adopting diverging strategies to adapt to the challenges and opportunities of the new situation.

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Dander, Erica, Chiara Palmi, Giovanna D’Amico, and Giovanni Cazzaniga. "The Bone Marrow Niche in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Role of Microenvironment from Pre-Leukemia to Overt Leukemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094426.

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Genetic lesions predisposing to pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) arise in utero, generating a clinically silent pre-leukemic phase. We here reviewed the role of the surrounding bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in the persistence and transformation of pre-leukemic clones into fully leukemic cells. In this context, inflammation has been highlighted as a crucial microenvironmental stimulus able to promote genetic instability, leading to the disease manifestation. Moreover, we focused on the cross-talk between the bulk of leukemic cells with the surrounding microenvironment, which creates a “corrupted” BM malignant niche, unfavorable for healthy hematopoietic precursors. In detail, several cell subsets, including stromal, endothelial cells, osteoblasts and immune cells, composing the peculiar leukemic niche, can actively interact with B-ALL blasts. Through deregulated molecular pathways they are able to influence leukemia development, survival, chemoresistance, migratory and invasive properties. The concept that the pre-leukemic and leukemic cell survival and evolution are strictly dependent both on genetic lesions and on the external signals coming from the microenvironment paves the way to a new idea of dual targeting therapeutic strategy.

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Jin, Qing-Hao, Li-Ping Zhang, Shan-Shan Zhang, Dai-Na Zhuang, Chu-Yu Zhang, Zhou-Jun Zheng, and Li-Ping Guan. "(S)-N-Benzyl-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoqunoline-2(1H)-carboxamide Derivatives, Multi-Target Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041654.

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A series of (S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and-B, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), and butyrylcholine esterase (BChE). Four compounds (2i, 2p, 2t, and 2v) showed good inhibitory activity against both MAO-A and MAO-B, and two compounds (2d and 2j) showed selective inhibitory activity against MAO-A, with IC50 values of 1.38 and 2.48 µM, respectively. None of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against AChE; however, 12 compounds showed inhibitory activity against BChE. None of the active compounds showed cytotoxicity against L929cells. Molecular docking revealed several important interactions between the active analogs and amino acid residues of the protein receptors. This research paves the way for further study aimed at designing MAO and ChE inhibitors for the treatment of depression and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Brace, R. C., and H. A. Reynolds. "Relative Intraspecific Aggressiveness of Pedal Disc Colour Phenotypes of the Beadlet Anemone, Actinia Equina." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 2 (May 1989): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029398.

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Anemones of the genus Actinia exhibit a well documented, stereotyped aggressive sequence (Bonnin, 1964; Brace & Pavey, 1978; Brace et ah, 1979) involving specialized, nematocyst-bearing structures called acrorhagi, which can be directed against an opponent. Experiments on the Australian species, A. tenebrosa Farquhar, and on the clonal anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt) (which similarly bears acrorhagi), indicate that aggression occurs principally between genetically dissimilar (allogeneic) opponents (Ayre, 1982; Francis, 1973a, b; Bigger, 1980). Once acrorhagial contact has been made with an allogeneic individual, massive discharges of nematocysts ensue, which can cause severe necrotic lesions.

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Handoyo, Handoyo, Handoko Santoso, and Rasuane Noor. "KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN (PISCES) DI DANAU LEBAR SUOH KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI MATERI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI BERUPA ENSIKLOPEDIA." EDUBIOLOCK 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/edubiolock.v4i3.4398.

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The aims of this study were (1) to find out what types of fish (Pisces) are found in Lebar Suoh Lake, West Lampung Regency. (2) Knowing the index of fish diversity (Pisces) found in the Lebar Suoh Lake, West Lampung Regency. (3) Develop learning resources in the form of encyclopedias. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach, the research used was descriptive. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. Sampling using fishing gear Bubu, fishing rods, and nets. The results of research that has been carried out in Lake Lebar Suoh, West Lampung, found 15 species belonging to 10 families. The species found were Osphronemus goramy L., Barbonymus gonionotus B., Oreochromis mossambicus L., Osteochilus hasselti V., Pangasius hypopthalmus S., Mystus nemurus V., Bagrus nemurus V., Rasbora pavie T., Macrognathus aculeatus B., Trichogaster trichopterus P., Anabas testudineus B., Clarias gariepinus B., Channa striata B., Aplocheilus panchax H., Oreochromis niloticus L. The most species was Osteochilus haseselti V. with a total of 148 individuals belonging to the family Cyprinidae, while the least species was Macrognathus aculeatus B. with a total of 40 individuals belonging to the family Mastacembelidae. The research that has been done is then used in learning resources in the form of encyclopedias, learning resources in the form of encyclopedias get validation from design and material expert validators. The validation results get an average score of 95%, which means that the quality criteria of the encyclopedia are very valid to be used. Osphronemus goramy, Barbonymus gonionotus.

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Zhang, Hongmei, Mengchen Zhang, Fawang Liu, and Ming Shen. "Review of the Fractional Black-Scholes Equations and Their Solution Techniques." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 2 (February 7, 2024): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8020101.

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The pioneering work in finance by Black, Scholes and Merton during the 1970s led to the emergence of the Black-Scholes (B-S) equation, which offers a concise and transparent formula for determining the theoretical price of an option. The establishment of the B-S equation, however, relies on a set of rigorous assumptions that give rise to several limitations. The non-local property of the fractional derivative (FD) and the identification of fractal characteristics in financial markets have paved the way for the introduction and rapid development of fractional calculus in finance. In comparison to the classical B-S equation, the fractional B-S equations (FBSEs) offer a more flexible representation of market behavior by incorporating long-range dependence, heavy-tailed and leptokurtic distributions, as well as multifractality. This enables better modeling of extreme events and complex market phenomena, The fractional B-S equations can more accurately depict the price fluctuations in actual financial markets, thereby providing a more reliable basis for derivative pricing and risk management. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of various FBSEs for pricing European options, including associated solution techniques. It contributes to a deeper understanding of financial model development and its practical implications, thereby assisting researchers in making informed decisions about the most suitable approach for their needs.

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Cieplak, Magdalena, Aleksandra Nucia, Tomasz Ociepa, and Sylwia Okoń. "Virulence Structure and Genetic Diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae from Different Regions of Europe." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101358.

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The structure and dynamics of changes in pathogen populations can be analysed by assessing the level of virulence and genetic diversity. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae populations. Diversity and virulence of B. graminis f. sp. avenae was assessed based on 80 single-spore isolates collected in different European countries such as Poland (40 isolates), Germany (10), Finland (10), Czech Republic (10) and Ireland (10) using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) and SCoT (Start Codon Targeted) markers. This work demonstrated differences in virulence of B. graminis f. sp. avenae isolates sampled from different countries. Molecular analysis showed that both systems were useful for assessing genetic diversity, but ISSR markers were superior and generated more polymorphic products, as well as higher PIC and RP values. UPMGA and PCoA divided the isolates into groups corresponding with their geographical origin. In conclusion, the low level of genetic differentiation of the analysed isolates has suggested that the evolution of B. graminis f. sp. Avenae population is slow, and thus the evolutionary potential of the pathogen is low. This work paves the way for future studies on B. graminis f. sp. Avenae population structure and dynamics based on genetic variability.

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Villalba, Maria I., Leonardo Venturelli, Ronnie Willaert, Maria E. Vela, Osvaldo Yantorno, Giovanni Dietler, Giovanni Longo, and Sandor Kasas. "Nanomotion Spectroscopy as a New Approach to Characterize Bacterial Virulence." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081545.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomotion detection is a label-free technique that has been used to monitor the response of microorganisms to antibiotics in a time frame of minutes. The method consists of attaching living organisms onto an AFM cantilever and in monitoring its nanometric scale oscillations as a function of different physical-chemical stimuli. Up to now, we only used the cantilever oscillations variance signal to assess the viability of the attached organisms. In this contribution, we demonstrate that a more precise analysis of the motion pattern of the cantilever can unveil relevant medical information about bacterial phenotype. We used B. pertussis as the model organism, it is a slowly growing Gram-negative bacteria which is the agent of whooping cough. It was previously demonstrated that B. pertussis can expresses different phenotypes as a function of the physical-chemical properties of the environment. In this contribution, we highlight that B. pertussis generates a cantilever movement pattern that depends on its phenotype. More precisely, we noticed that nanometric scale oscillations of B. pertussis can be correlated with the virulence state of the bacteria. The results indicate a correlation between metabolic/virulent bacterial states and bacterial nanomotion pattern and paves the way to novel rapid and label-free pathogenic microorganism detection assays.

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Cong, Hengjiang, and Huaijin Zhang. "Visualizing Structural Modulation in Melilite Electrolytes by X-ray and Electron." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098258.

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Nowadays novel melilite-type oxides are of growing interest as promising new oxide-ion conductors with potential use in clean energy devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).[1] These oxides have a general formula of A2BC2O7, where A = large divalent alkali earth metals like Ca, Sr, Ba or trivalent rare earth metals like La, Nd, Gd; B and C = small cations like Mg, Si, Ga. In addition to the conventional tetragonal symmetry with space group P¯421m, these melilites also show a five-dimensional superspace symmetry P¯421m(α, α, 0)00s(¯α, α, 0)000 with modulation vectors q1=α(a*+b*) and q2=α(-a*+b*). Both displacive (cation and anion) and occupational (cation) modulations have been found.[2-3] Here a series of melilite single crystals, such as Ca2MgSi2O7, SrLaGa3O7, SrGdGa3O7, BaLaGa3O7 and CaNdGa3O7 have been successfully obtained using the optical floating zone and Czochralski method. Further investigations were made by a combination of temperature-variant X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The mechanism between substitutions in A- and B- sites and structural modulations in melilites is clarified, which paves the way for future crystallographic optimization of electrolyte performances via tailoring interstitial oxygen concentration and enhancing ion mobility.

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Suescun, Leopoldo. "Solid State Materials Chemistry. By Patrick M. Woodward, Pavel Karen, John S. O. Evans and Thomas Vogt. Cambridge University Press, 2021. Hardcover. Pp. 708. Price EUR 81.69. ISBN 9780521873253." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 80, no. 2 (March 27, 2024): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520624002166.

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Peng, Biaolin, Qiuping Lu, Yi-Chi Wang, Jing-Feng Li, Qi Zhang, Haitao Huang, Laijun Liu, Chao Li, Limei Zheng, and Zhong Lin Wang. "B-Site Nanoscale-Ordered Structure Enables Ultra-High Tunable Performance." Research 2022 (October 28, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9764976.

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Tunable devices constructed by ferroelectric thin films are often desired to possess a low dielectric loss while maintainging a high dielectric tunability over a broad operating temperature range in applications, for example, resonators, filters, or phase shifters. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve these characteristics by traditional strategies, such as doping and strain modifying. Here, we demonstrate that the dielectric tunability of the sol-gel-prepared Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)0.9(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.1O3 (PSNMN) thin film can be almost doubled from ~47% to ~80.0% (at 10 kHz) at a low electric field (~530 kV/cm), and the dielectric loss can be sharply reduced by more than an order of magnitude, from ~0.50 to ~0.037 (at 1 kHz) when the thin film was annealed in air at 650°C for 15 h under the help of an atmosphere-compensating-block (ACB) made from the proto-PSNMN gel. Moreover, the PSNMN thin film annealed with ACB also exhibited an extremely high thermally-stable dielectric tunability in an ultrabroad temperature range (>130 K), which could be attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner (MW) effect generated by the interface between the PSNMN disordered matrix and the B-site nanoscale-ordered structure formed during the long-term annealing process. The reduced dielectric loss is mainly benefited from the reduced concentration of oxygen vacancy and the possible MW effects, and the enhanced dielectric tunability could be ascribed to the weaker domain-pinning effect by oxygen vacancy. The breakthrough provides a new universal strategy to achieve utrahigh tunable performance in A(B’1/2B”1/2)O3 ferroelectric thin films with a B-site nanoscale-ordered structure, meanwhile it paves the way for ultraintergrated tunable thin-film-devices with great phase shifter performance in practical applications.

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Werbajh, Santiago, Luciana Larocca, Carolina Carrillo, Fabiana Stolowicz, Lorena Ogas, Sergio Pallotto, Solange Cassará, et al. "Colorimetric RT-LAMP Detection of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Lineages of Concern Direct from Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples without RNA Isolation." Viruses 15, no. 9 (September 12, 2023): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15091910.

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Since, during the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large part of the human population has become infected, a rapid and simple diagnostic method has been necessary to detect its causative agent, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and control its spread. Thus, in the present study, we developed a colorimetric reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) kit that allows the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab samples without the need for RNA extraction. The kit utilizes three sets of LAMP primers targeting two regions of ORF1ab and one region in the E gene. The results are based on the colorimetric change of hydroxynaphthol blue, which allows visual interpretation without needing an expensive instrument. The kit demonstrated sensitivity to detect between 50 and 100 copies of the viral genome per reaction. The kit was authorized by the National Administration of Drugs, Food and Technology (ANMAT) of Argentina after validation using samples previously analyzed by the gold standard RT-qPCR. The results showed a sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity of 100%, consistent with conventional RT-qPCR. In silico analysis confirmed the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.427, and B.1.429), and lineages of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) with 100% homology. This rapid, simple, and sensitive RT-LAMP method paves the way for a large screening strategy to be carried out at locations lacking sophisticated instrumental and trained staff, as it particularly happens in regional hospitals and medical centers from rural areas.

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Sogkas, Georgios, Natalia Dubrowinskaja, Katharina Schütz, Lars Steinbrück, Jasper Götting, Nicolaus Schwerk, Ulrich Baumann, et al. "Diagnostic Yield and Therapeutic Consequences of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Sporadic Primary Immunodeficiency." International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 183, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519199.

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Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, immune dysregulation, and/or malignancy. Genetic studies, especially during the last decade, led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiencies and contributed to their classification into distinct monogenic disorders falling under one of the >430 currently known inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The growing availability of molecular genetic testing resulted in the increasing identification of patients with IEI. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic yield and the clinical consequences of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) in a cohort of 294 primary immunodeficiency patients, primarily consisting of cases with sporadic primary antibody deficiency. Method: We have custom designed a tNGS panel to sequence a cohort of PID patients. Agilent’s HaloPlex Target Enrichment System for Illumina was used for DNA target enrichment. Results: tNGS identified a definite or predicted pathogenic variant in 15.3% of patients. The highest diagnostic rate was observed among patients with combined immunodeficiency or immune dysregulation, for whom genetic diagnosis may affect therapeutic decision-making. Conclusion: Next-generation sequencing has changed diagnostic assignment and paved the way for targeted therapeutic intervention with agents directed at reverting the disease-causing molecular abnormality or its pathophysiological consequences. Therefore, such targeted therapies and identifying the genetic basis of PID can be essential for patients with manifested immune dysregulation as conventional immunomodulatory regimens may exert an immunosuppressive effect, aggravating their immunodeficiency or may only inadequately control autoimmune or lymphoproliferative manifestations.

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Neiman, Elizabeth. "On Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman/Sister Novelists: The Trailblazing Porter Sisters, Who Paved the Way for Austen and the Brontës On Mary Wollstonecraft ’ s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman , by Susan J. Wolfson, New York, Columbia UP, 2023, xiv + 180 pp., 15 illustrations. Sister Novelists: The Trailblazing Porter Sisters, Who Paved the Way for Austen and the Brontës , by Devoney Looser, New York, Bloomsbury, 2022, xx + 555 pp., 57 illustrations." European Romantic Review 35, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509585.2024.2307162.

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Gerner, Romana, Suzana Hossain, Kareem Siada, Artur Sargun, Wilma Neumann, Elizabeth Nolan, and Manuela Raffatellu. "TARGETING SIDEROPHORES TO REDUCE COLONIZATION OF ADHERENT INVASIVE E. COLI IN CROHN’S DISEASE." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa347.081.

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Abstract The pathovar adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is a mucosa-associated bacterium that is frequently found in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), but targeted treatment options are currently lacking. During intestinal inflammation, host-mediated iron limitation is a key strategy to restrict the outgrowth of pathogens. Various bacterial pathogens evade this nutrient limitation by secreting small, iron-chelating molecules known as siderophores. The siderophore enterobactin (Ent) is an important virulence factor for Gram-negative pathogens such as AIEC by promoting their expansion and competition over commensal microbes during colitis. Here, we developed an immunization-based approach to target bacterial siderophores during colitis and to reduce AIEC colonization in mice. We demonstrate that immunization with Ent (conjugated to the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit B, CTB) potently elicits fecal antibodies against Ent. Immunized animals show reduced AIEC colonization along with milder weight loss, less colonic shortening, and decreased histological severity scores. This phenotype is largely B cell-dependent, as immunized mice lacking mature B lymphocytes do not show protection during AIEC infection. Ent-specific B cells are primarily found in small intestinal Peyer’s patches and can be isolated by a flow cytometry-based sorting approach. This project paves the way to develop monoclonal antibodies against siderophores, which could provide a more targeted and narrow-spectrum strategy to reduce AIEC colonization in patients with CD.

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Bornkamm, Georg W., and Wolfgang Hammerschmidt. "Molecular virology of Epstein–Barr virus." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, no. 1408 (April 29, 2001): 437–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0781.

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Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) interacts with its host in three distinct ways in a highly regulated fashion: (i) EBV infects human B lymphocytes and induces proliferation of the infected cells, (ii) it enters into a latent phase in vivo that follows the proliferative phase, and (iii) it can be reactivated giving rise to the production of infectious progeny for reinfection of cells of the same type or transmission of the virus to another individual. In healthy people, these processes take place simultaneously in different anatomical and functional compartments and are linked to each other in a highly dynamic steady–state equilibrium. The development of a genetic system has paved the way for the dissection of those processes at a molecular level that can be studied in vitro , i.e. B–cell immortalization and the lytic cycle leading to production of infectious progeny. Polymerase chain reaction analyses coupled to fluorescent–activated cell sorting has on the other hand allowed a descriptive analysis of the virus–host interaction in peripheral blood cells as well as in tonsillar B cells in vivo . This paper is aimed at compiling our present knowledge on the process of B–cell immortalization in vitro as well as in vivo latency, and attempts to integrate this knowledge into the framework of the viral life cycle in vivo .

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Li, Yuechan, Yuejie Li, Xiuxiu Li, Yongli Li, Yang Fei, Yujie Yan, Ahmad Umar, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, and An Xie. "Tailoring Optoelectronic Properties of ZnO Films Through Synergistic Mg and B Co-Doping for Unprecedented High-Performance Transparent Electrode Applications." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3525.

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The quest for indium-free transparent conductive electrodes with enhanced optical band gaps and superior electrical conductivity is imperative for the advancement of flexible electrochromic devices. This study presents a groundbreaking approach wherein composite ZnO films, incorporating Mg and/or B dopants through a facile sol–gel spin coating method, are meticulously crafted and systematically scrutinized for their optoelectrical properties. Our findings reveal that Mg doping primarily influences the optical band gap, while B doping facilitates the augmentation of free electrons by modulating morphology and electronic defect states. Optimal performance is achieved with pure Mg doping at an atomic molar concentration of 0.2, resulting in a ZnMgO film boasting an exceptional average transmittance of 98.79% and an impressively low electrical resistivity of 15.3 Ω·cm. Although pure B doping compromises the crystalline quality, it significantly reduces electrical resistivity. Intriguingly, co-doping with Mg at an atomic molar concentration of 0.2 introduces challenges to crystalline quality but enriches the composite film with additional charge carriers, leading to a reduction in bandgap and a remarkable drop in resistance to 6.2 Ω·cm. This innovative work not only sheds light on the delicate balance between Mg and B doping in ZnO films but also paves the way for unparalleled opportunities in the development of high-performance transparent conductive electrodes for flexible electrochromic devices.

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Atte Momoh, Abdulfatai, Abubakar Audu, Déthié Dione, and Inalegwu Michael Ali. "On the Optimal Control of Intervention Strategies for Hepatitis B Model." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2023 (May 16, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8255686.

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Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Thus, this paper focuses on three control measures as the best way to intervene against the hepatitis B viral infection. These measures are condom use, testing and treatment, and vaccination to stop the disease from spreading over a community. The model comprises seven (7) compartments that include susceptible individuals, latent individuals, acute-infected individuals, chronic-infected individuals, infected by carrier individuals, recovered individuals from the disease, and the vaccinated population. We mathematically established a nonlinear differential equation to study the dynamics of the model. The disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium (EE) are reached. The basic reproduction numbers, R 0 A , R 0 H , and R 0 C , determine the transmission of the disease and thus are gotten. We perform sensitivity analysis on the reproduction numbers to identify the factors that affect the reproduction numbers. The results of the sensitivity analysis paved a way for introducing a controlled system which was solved using Pontryagin’s maximum principle (PMP) and the optimality system got. The optimality system was then solved numerically using the forward and backward sweep approach, and graphs were generated, establishing the conditions for local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and Castillo-Chavez approach, respectively. We also used Pontryagin’s maximum principle to determine the optimality system. The result of the analysis of the stability of the disease-free equilibrium states that hepatitis B virus can be completely wiped out if the rate of infection is kept at a number less than unity. A numerical simulation of the model was carried out and showed that hepatitis B virus transmission can best be controlled when condom use, testing and treatment, and vaccination are implemented.

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Yamin, H. R. Anwar, Willy Pravianto, and Hikma Dewita. "Asbuton Pracampur Antara Harapan dan Kenyataan." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 10, no. 1 (October 15, 2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.10.1.55.

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Preblended asbuton is one of a kind bitumen modification that used in Indonesia. From the results of laboratory tests and field trials scale, obtained that paved using asphalt mixture has better technical properties than conventional asphalt mix made bu asphalt Pen 60. Therefore, in the General Specifications of Highways 2011, this type of asphalt used for dense and heavy trafficed road. Although the long-term performance of asphaltic mixtures using preblended asbuton have not been surely known, but until now there has been a lot of road sections in Indonesia have used it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term field performance of preblended asbuton asphaltic mixtures. To achieve these objectives, filed conditions survey, testing and sampling tests have conducted on several roads that use different preblended asbuton (further named Code-O and Code-B), which has served the traffic from one to three years. In this study, the filed long-term performance of the preblended asbuton asphaltic layer viewed from the level of damage and aging asphalt development that occurs in the field. Some conclution derived from this study were that preblended asbuton Code-O or Code-B has a good rutting resistance but preblended asbuton Code-B has a better cracking resistance than Code-O. In terms of short-term aging point of view, preblended asbuton Code-O are better than asphalt Pen 60 and contrary to the Code-B, but for long-term the aging resistance either of preblended asbuton Code-O or Code-B was relative similar to asphalt Pen 60.

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Nguyen, Melissa L., Sherry R. Crowe, Sridevi Kurella, Simon Teryzan, Brian Cao, Jimmy D. Ballard, Judith A. James, and A. Darise Farris. "Sequential B-Cell Epitopes of Bacillus anthracis Lethal Factor Bind Lethal Toxin-Neutralizing Antibodies." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 1 (November 3, 2008): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00788-08.

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ABSTRACT The bipartite anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) consisting of protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) is a major virulence factor contributing to death from systemic Bacillus anthracis infection. The current vaccine elicits antibodies directed primarily to PA; however, in experimental settings serologic responses to LF can neutralize LeTx and contribute to protection against infection. The goals of the present study were to identify sequential B-cell epitopes of LF and to determine the capacity of these determinants to bind neutralizing antibodies. Sera of recombinant LF-immunized A/J mice exhibited high titers of immunoglobulin G anti-LF reactivity that neutralized LeTx in vitro 78 days after the final booster immunization and protected the mice from in vivo challenge with 3 50% lethal doses of LeTx. These sera bound multiple discontinuous epitopes, and there were major clusters of reactivity on native LF. Strikingly, all three neutralizing, LF-specific monoclonal antibodies tested bound specific peptide sequences that coincided with sequential epitopes identified in polyclonal antisera from recombinant LF-immunized mice. This study confirms that LF induces high-titer protective antibodies in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the binding of short LF peptides by LF-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies suggests that generation of protective antibodies by peptide vaccination may be feasible for this antigen. This study paves the way for a more effective anthrax vaccine by identifying discontinuous peptide epitopes of LF.

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Dunleavy, Kieron. "Double-hit lymphoma: optimizing therapy." Hematology 2021, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2021000247.

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Abstract Aggressive B-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous entity with disparate outcomes based on clinical and pathological characteristics. While most tumors in this category are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the recognition that some cases have high-grade morphology and frequently harbor MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations has led to their separate categorization. These cases are now considered distinct from DLBCL and are named “high-grade B-cell lymphoma” (HGBL). Most are characterized by distinct rearrangements, but others have high-grade morphological features without these and are called HGBL-not otherwise specified. Studies have demonstrated that this group of diseases leads to poor outcomes following standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone therapy; retrospective and recent single-arm, multicenter studies suggest they should be approached with dose-intense treatment platforms. As yet, this has not been validated in randomized trial settings due to the rarity of these diseases. In the relapsed and refractory setting, novel approaches such as anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells and antibodies against CD19 have demonstrated high efficacy in this subgroup. Recently, genomic studies have made much progress in investigating some of the molecular underpinnings that drive their lymphomagenesis and have paved the way for testing additional novel approaches.

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Journal articles on the topic 'B. Pavyer'

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