Relevant bibliographies by topics / B-nodes

Academic literature on the topic 'B-nodes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'B-nodes.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "B-nodes"

1

Meir, A., and J. W. Moon. "On Major and Minor Branches of Rooted Trees." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 39, no. 3 (June 1, 1987): 673–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1987-033-3.

Full text
Abstract:
Let denote a rooted tree with n nodes. (For definitions not given here, see, e.g. [4]). For any node v of , let B(v) denote the subtree of determined by v and all nodes u such that v is between u and the root of ; node v serves as the root of B(v). The branches of are the subtrees B(v) such that node v is joined to the root of . A branch B with i nodes is a primary branch of if n/2 ≦ i ≦ n – 1; if has a primary branch B with i nodes, then a branch C with j nodes is a secondary branch if (n – i)/2 ≦ j ≦ n – 1 ≦ i; if has a primary branch B with i nodes and a secondary branch C with j nodes, then a branch D with h nodes is a tertiary branch if
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Vaze, Rahul, and Srikanth Iyer. "Percolation on the Information-Theoretically Secure Signal to Interference Ratio Graph." Journal of Applied Probability 51, no. 4 (December 2014): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1421763317.

Full text
Abstract:
We consider a continuum percolation model consisting of two types of nodes, namely legitimate and eavesdropper nodes, distributed according to independent Poisson point processes in R2 of intensities λ and λE, respectively. A directed edge from one legitimate node A to another legitimate node B exists provided that the strength of the signal transmitted from node A that is received at node B is higher than that received at any eavesdropper node. The strength of the signal received at a node from a legitimate node depends not only on the distance between these nodes, but also on the location of the other legitimate nodes and an interference suppression parameter γ. The graph is said to percolate when there exists an infinitely connected component. We show that for any finite intensity λE of eavesdropper nodes, there exists a critical intensity λc < ∞ such that for all λ > λc the graph percolates for sufficiently small values of the interference parameter. Furthermore, for the subcritical regime, we show that there exists a λ0 such that for all λ < λ0 ≤ λc a suitable graph defined over eavesdropper node connections percolates that precludes percolation in the graphs formed by the legitimate nodes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Goud, S. N., N. Muthusamy, and B. Subbarao. "Differential responses of B cells from the spleen and lymph node to TNP-Ficoll." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 9 (May 1, 1988): 2925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.9.2925.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Subcutaneous immunization with the thymus independent Ag, TNP-Ficoll, does not elicit plaque-forming cell response from the regional lymph node B cells even though a good response is obtained with the splenic B cells. Lymph node cells respond well to the thymus independent 1 Ag, TNP-Brucella abortus. Because TNP-Ficoll is a soluble Ag and may not be retained well in the lymph nodes, we emulsified it with Freund's adjuvant and injected it into foot pads. This did not result in any antibody response in the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes though once again splenic B cells gave excellent responses. We find that the in vivo response to TNP-Ficoll can be induced in the lymph node if TNP-Ficoll is injected along with B. abortus in the foot pads of normal mice. This observation could not be repeated in the splenectomized mice implicating the role of the migration of APC or B cells from spleen to lymph nodes. Similar differential responses are obtained from lymph node and splenic B cells in the in vitro cultures. Lymph node cells respond to TNP-Ficoll with the addition of normal irradiated spleen cells but not with Sephadex G-10-passed spleen cells. This shows the absence of APC or lymphokines which stimulate B lymphocytes to respond to TNP-Ficoll in the lymph nodes. We found that IL-1 but not IL-2 or IL-4 was able to induce TNP-Ficoll response from the lymph node B cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vaze, Rahul, and Srikanth Iyer. "Percolation on the Information-Theoretically Secure Signal to Interference Ratio Graph." Journal of Applied Probability 51, no. 04 (December 2014): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200011876.

Full text
Abstract:
We consider a continuum percolation model consisting of two types of nodes, namely legitimate and eavesdropper nodes, distributed according to independent Poisson point processes in R 2 of intensities λ and λ E , respectively. A directed edge from one legitimate node A to another legitimate node B exists provided that the strength of the signal transmitted from node A that is received at node B is higher than that received at any eavesdropper node. The strength of the signal received at a node from a legitimate node depends not only on the distance between these nodes, but also on the location of the other legitimate nodes and an interference suppression parameter γ. The graph is said to percolate when there exists an infinitely connected component. We show that for any finite intensity λ E of eavesdropper nodes, there exists a critical intensity λ c &lt; ∞ such that for all λ &gt; λ c the graph percolates for sufficiently small values of the interference parameter. Furthermore, for the subcritical regime, we show that there exists a λ0 such that for all λ &lt; λ0 ≤ λ c a suitable graph defined over eavesdropper node connections percolates that precludes percolation in the graphs formed by the legitimate nodes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Janeway, C. A., J. Ron, and M. E. Katz. "The B cell is the initiating antigen-presenting cell in peripheral lymph nodes." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 4 (February 15, 1987): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.4.1051.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract We have examined the role of B cells in antigen presentation in lymph nodes in several ways. We found that mice depleted of B lymphocytes via chronic injection of anti-mu-chain antibody do not mount peripheral lymph node T cell proliferative responses to normally immunogenic doses of antigen. Depletion of B cells by passage of immune lymph node cells over anti-immunoglobulin columns early after immunization depletes antigen-presenting function from draining lymph nodes, and this function can be restored by using B cells or splenic adherent cells to allow the remaining T cells to proliferate. Lymph node B cells present antigen very effectively to lines of antigen-specific T cells. However, unfractionated lymph node cells from anti-mu-treated mice present very poorly, if at all, whereas unfractionated spleen cells from the same mice do present antigen. This is in keeping with our previous finding that helper T cell function in the spleen is normal in B cell-deprived mice. Finally, when mice homozygous for the lymphoproliferative gene lpr are treated chronically with anti-mu-chain antibody, lymphadenopathy is greatly retarded, suggesting a role for B cells in the massive proliferation of T cells in this syndrome. From this analysis, it would appear that the initiating antigen-presenting cell in the lymph node is a B lymphocyte, and that B lymphocytes in lymph nodes may be distinct from those in the spleen. It is of interest that these results also suggest that the lymph node lacks an antigen-presenting cell that is found in the spleen, perhaps the dendritic cell.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ostlund, L., P. Biberfeld, KH Robert, B. Christensson, and S. Einhorn. "Induction of proliferation and blast transformation by interferon in human malignant and non-malignant lymph node B cells." Blood 73, no. 8 (June 1, 1989): 2171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.8.2171.2171.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The influence of interferon (IFN) on cellular proliferation, blast transformation, and differentiation was studied in lymph node cells from 17 patients with B-cell lymphomas, one patient with T-cell lymphoma, and eight patients with enlarged, non-malignant lymph nodes. The effects of IFN on lymph node cells were compared with effects on mononuclear blood cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and healthy donors. Natural IFN-alpha (nIFN-alpha) induced a proliferative response in cells from seven of 17 of the B-cell lymphomas, in two of eight of the non-malignant lymph nodes, and in lymphoid blood cells from two of 32 CLL patients. With few exceptions, the proliferating cells were B cells and the data suggest that IFN acts directly on the B cells. Proliferation was not induced with IFN in cells from the T-cell lymphoma or in mononuclear blood cells from 13 healthy donors. nIFN-alpha induced blast transformation in cells from ten of 14 of the B-cell lymphomas and in four of seven of the non- malignant lymph nodes. Also beta- and gamma-IFN were shown to induce proliferation and blast transformation in lymph node cells from some patients. No major effect on the expression of various differentiation markers could be observed following culture in the presence of nIFN- alpha. We conclude that IFNs can induce proliferation and blast transformation in malignant and non-malignant B cells from lymph nodes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ostlund, L., P. Biberfeld, KH Robert, B. Christensson, and S. Einhorn. "Induction of proliferation and blast transformation by interferon in human malignant and non-malignant lymph node B cells." Blood 73, no. 8 (June 1, 1989): 2171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.8.2171.bloodjournal7382171.

Full text
Abstract:
The influence of interferon (IFN) on cellular proliferation, blast transformation, and differentiation was studied in lymph node cells from 17 patients with B-cell lymphomas, one patient with T-cell lymphoma, and eight patients with enlarged, non-malignant lymph nodes. The effects of IFN on lymph node cells were compared with effects on mononuclear blood cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and healthy donors. Natural IFN-alpha (nIFN-alpha) induced a proliferative response in cells from seven of 17 of the B-cell lymphomas, in two of eight of the non-malignant lymph nodes, and in lymphoid blood cells from two of 32 CLL patients. With few exceptions, the proliferating cells were B cells and the data suggest that IFN acts directly on the B cells. Proliferation was not induced with IFN in cells from the T-cell lymphoma or in mononuclear blood cells from 13 healthy donors. nIFN-alpha induced blast transformation in cells from ten of 14 of the B-cell lymphomas and in four of seven of the non- malignant lymph nodes. Also beta- and gamma-IFN were shown to induce proliferation and blast transformation in lymph node cells from some patients. No major effect on the expression of various differentiation markers could be observed following culture in the presence of nIFN- alpha. We conclude that IFNs can induce proliferation and blast transformation in malignant and non-malignant B cells from lymph nodes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cserni, Gábor, Miklós Tarján, and Rita Bori. "Distance of Lymph Nodes From the Tumor." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-0246-dolnft.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Context.—The nodal stage of colorectal cancers is prognostically important. Most current staging guidelines concentrate on the minimum number of evaluated lymph nodes required for an adequate node-negative stage. Objective.—To evaluate the distance of the lymph nodes from the primary tumors as a possible qualitative feature that could help pathologists select between these nodes. Design.—Prospective analysis of 100 colorectal carcinoma specimens. Setting.—Department of Pathology of a medium-sized teaching hospital. Patients.—Consecutive patients with colorectal cancer. Interventions.—Nodes abluminal from the tumor and the adjacent bowel segments were recovered in 4 fractions (A through D) in 100 colorectal carcinoma specimens. Main Outcome Measures.—Distribution of metastatic nodes in fractions A through D, and their influence on nodal stage. Results.—All tumors but 1 were classified correctly as node-negative or node-positive on the basis of fraction A (nodes abluminal from the tumor and from the 1-cm-long segments proximal and distal to the tumor). All tumors but 1 were appropriately classified as pN0, pN1, or pN2 on the basis of fractions A and B (nodes abluminal from the tumor and from the 3-cm-long segments proximal and distal to the tumor). Conclusions.—Lymph nodes should be recovered from fractions A and B, and if 3 nodes are reported positive, additional nodes should be sought to determine the extent of nodal involvement. This qualitative restriction of the grossing protocol may reduce the time spent in recovering nodes from colorectal carcinoma resection specimens.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Żurawski, Jakub, Patrycja Talarska, Stanisław Łazowski, Marcin Grochowalski, and Jacek Karoń. "Immunohistochemical evaluation of cellular composition of the immune system of lymph nodes in acute appendicitis." Journal of Medical Science 88, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/medical.368.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction. There is not much data about the composition of populations of the immune system in acute appendicitis. The basic histopathological criterion for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is neutrophil infiltration of the muscle membrane. Aim. The subject of this publication is a semi-quantitative evaluation of B lymphocytes (CD20+), T lymphocytes (CD3+) and macrophages (CD68+), and the determination of the number of active lymph nodes during the course of inflammation.Material and Methods. The study material was obtained from 79 patients who had an appendectomy due to acute appendicitis. In this group, the tissue was obtained from: 34 women (aged 20 to 91) and 45 men (aged 20 to 72).Results. In the course of acute appendicitis, there is involvement of lymph node B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages. Independent of the type of inflammation, the cellular make-up of the nodes is similar. The number of lymph nodes decreases with age and is gender dependent.Conclusions. In the course of acute appendicitis, there is involvement of lymph node B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages. The number of lymph nodes decreases with age and is gender dependent. A statistically significant number of the examined cells of the immunological system in the lymph nodes changed due to inflammation (p<0.001). B and T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and in the mucous membrane of the appendix differed depending on the sex, and the presence of B lymphocytes in the mucous membrane was significantly higher in the group of 20-40 years of age. T lymphocytes were predominant in the centres of the lymph nodes in groups 20-40 and 61-91 years of age, and in the peripheral zones in the group of 41-60 years of age.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Solikin, Solikin. "Effect of Node Position and Number of Stem Cutting on The Growth and Yield of ‘katuk’ (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.)." El-Hayah 6, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/elha.v6i4.6336.

Full text
Abstract:
Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) has potential as a vagetable and medicinal plant. This study aimed to determine effect of node position and number of stem cuttings on the growth of katuk. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with two treatments arranged in split plots. The node position of stem cuttings as the main plot consists of top stem cutting (T, top – 8 nodes under shoot tip), middle stem cutting (M, 8 – 11 nodes under shoot tip) and bottom stem cutting (B, 16-20 nodes under shoot tip). The node number of stem cuttings as a subplot consists of 2 nodes (J1), 3 nodes (J2), 4 nodes (J3), and 5 nodes (J4). Each treatment combination was replicated three times.The results revealed that the top stem cutting resulted in the highest root, total plant dry weight and leaf area, as well stem cutting with 4 nodes produced the highest total plant dry weight and leaf area.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "B-nodes"

1

KOHLI, Gurpreet, and gkohli@student ecu edu au. "An Investigation into the Use of B-Nodes and State Models for Computer Network Technology and Education." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of, 2006. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0020.html.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis consists of a series of internationally published, peer reviewed, conference research papers and one journal paper. The papers evaluate and further develop two modelling methods for use in Information Technology (IT) design and for the educational and training needs of students within the area of computer and network technology. The IT age requires technical talent to fill positions such as network managers, web administrators, e-commerce consultants and network security experts as IT is changing rapidly, and this is placing considerable demands on higher educational institutions, both within Australia and internationally, to respond to these changes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kohli, Gurpreet. "An investigation into the use of B-Nodes and state models for computer network technology and education." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/78.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis consists of a series of internationally published, peer reviewed, conference research papers and one journal paper. The papers evaluate and further develop two modelling methods for use in Information Technology (IT) design and for the educational and training needs of students within the area of computer and network technology. The IT age requires technical talent to fill positions such as network managers, web administrators, e-commerce consultants and network security experts as IT is changing rapidly, and this is placing considerable demands on higher educational institutions, both within Australia and internationally, to respond to these changes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pretscher, Dominik. "Distribution of immune cells in head and neck cancer : CD8+ T-cells and CD20+ B-cells in metastatic lymph nodes are associated with favourable outcome in patients with oro- and hypopharyngeal carcinoma." kostenfrei, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000329054/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Casas, Escoda Adrià. "An Erlang Implementation of a Scalable Node B Control Unit." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37235.

Full text
Abstract:
The demand of mobile data traffic is increasing due to the popularization of advanced mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets and to the generalization of the use of mobile Internet. The Node B is one of the main elements of the control plane of the UMTS network. It is responsible for the tasks directly connected to the radio interface and provides the physical radio link between the mobile devices and the network. This master thesis presents a design of the Node B control unit that can handle multiple requests concurrently and scale both by the number of cores and the cards. Additionally, analyzes the suitability of using a high level language such as Erlang for implementing the Node B control unit. To achieve these objectives, a prototype of the Node B control unit that can handle requests concurrently and scale by the number of cores and cards has been designed and implemented with Erlang. The developed prototype shows that implementing a concurrent and scalable Node B control unit with Erlang is completely feasible and the tests that have been carried out demonstrate that the performance and scalability of the system are good. Furthermore, some realistic deployment scenarios of an Erlang implementation of the Node B control unit over the real hardware used in the Radio Base Station at Ericsson have been discussed and they show that it is completely possible to use Erlang for implementing the Node B control unit.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Allouche, Farouk. "Role of RANKL in the differentiation of B cell associated stroma in secondary lymphoid organs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ002.

Full text
Abstract:
RANKL (ligand du récepteur activateur de NF-KB) est un membre de la famille des TNF dont la signalisation passe par RANK et qui joue un rôle important dans la régulation immunitaire. Chez l'adulte, RANKL est exprimé constitutivement par des cellules réticulaires marginales (MRC) des ganglions lymphatiques. Comme les MRCs sont physiquement proches des lymphocytes B (LB) et ont été proposé d’être des précurseurs de cellules dendritiques folliculaires (FDC), RANKL pourrait jouer un rôle dans la différenciation du stroma associé aux LB et dans la réponse humorale. Afin de mieux comprendre la fonction de RANKL exprimé par les MRC, nous avons généré des souris déficitaires pour RANKL dans les cellules stromales. Nous avons constaté que la formation du follicule B était perturbée ainsi que le réseau FDC. Bien que RANKL ne soit pas requis pour la formation des MRC, il est nécessaire pour l'expression de la chimiokine CXCL13 par ces mêmes cellules. Parmi les TNFRSF dont la signalisation est requise pour l’expression de CXCL13 et la différenciation des FDC, le TNFR1 était significativement réduit dans les cellules stromales des souris dépourvues de RANKL stromal. Ainsi, RANKL pourrait constituer une nouvelle cible thérapeutique contre les immunopathologies des LB en agissant sur son stroma
RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand), a member of the TNF family that signals via RANK, plays an important role for immune regulation. In the adult, RANKL is constitutively expressed by marginal reticular cells (MRCs) of the lymph nodes. Because MRCs are positioned in close vicinity to B cells and may be precursors of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), RANKL could play a role in the differentiation of B cell-associated stroma and the humoral immune response. In order to better understand the role of RANKL expressed by the MRCs, we generated mice with conditional RANKL deficiency in the stromal compartment. We found that the B cell follicle structure was disrupted and FDC network formation was reduced. Although RANKL was not required for MRC formation, it was necessary for the expression of B cell attracting chemokine CXCL13. Among the TNFRSF members known to control CXCL13 expression and FDC formation, we found that TNFR1 was significantly reduced in the RANKL cKO mice. Thus, RANKL may present a novel therapeutic strategy against B cell-mediated immunopathologies by acting on its stroma
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pesce, John Thomas. "Early events leading to the host protective Th2 immune response to an intestinal nematode parasite /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Pesce2005.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Goldman, Lea Nichole. "Kinetics and phenotype of the draining lymph node and pulmonary B cell response to an influenza A virus-like particle vaccine." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4634.

Full text
Abstract:
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a serious respiratory disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and its potentially severe complications; however, the vaccines currently offered have several drawbacks that limit its availability and protective efficacy. Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs), which lack viral genetic material and are non-infectious, represent a promising vaccine candidate. Previous reports have shown VLPs are more immunogenic than subunit or recombinant proteins, and confer protection upon lethal challenge. A critical component of this protection is mediated by influenza HA-specific neutralizing Abs produced by memory B cells and plasma cells, the cellular products of the germinal center (GC) reaction. While preliminary studies have examined the humoral immune response to VLP vaccination, the current study is the first to characterize the GC response in secondary and tertiary lymphoid tissues. Mice were vaccinated with influenza VLPs using three immunization routes: subcutaneous (s.c.), intramuscular (i.m.), and intranasal (i.n.) and the GC response was assessed over time. Robust GC reactions were induced in the dLNs regardless of vaccination route, though the largest response was generated with VLPs s.c. The pattern of isotype expression was remarkably similar between routes, with IgM+ and IgG2+ B cells representing the majority of the GC B cell population. Mucosal immune responses in the upper (nasal) and lower (lung) airway were measured in mice vaccinated i.n. Marked GC reactions were induced in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), while the pulmonary response was relatively modest and short-lived compared to infection with IAV. Within the GC B cell population, IgM+ and IgG2+ B cells made up the majority, similar to the dLN response. Importantly, the pattern of isotype expression induced by VLPs mimicked the response induced by natural IAV infection, and suggests that VLPs contain the necessary innate immune agonists to induce a TH1 biased response.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lopes, Ana Alexandra Festas. "Estudo funcional das células T de gânglio normal/reativo e com doença linfoproliferativa crónica de células B." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16768.

Full text
Abstract:
Mestrado em Bioquímica - Bioquímica Clínica
As doenças linfoproliferativas crónicas de células B são um grupo heterogéneo de entidades que representam cerca de 80-90% de todas as síndromes linfoproliferativas crónicas, nas quais podem ser observadas uma proliferação clonal de linfócitos B. Amostras de biópsia de gânglio linfático podem ser usadas para o diagnóstico destas doenças. Os gânglios linfáticos são o local adequado para as interações entre as células B e as células T e para ocorrer uma resposta imune. Neste sentido, é esperado que, na presença de células B malignas, com uma capacidade diferente para interagir com as células T, estas irão responder de uma forma diferente. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na análise numérica e funcional das células T, nomeadamente de células T ativadas, células T reguladoras, Th/c17 e Thc/1, bem como, das células NK e quantificação de monócitos e células dendríticas. Foram analisadas dezanove amostras de biópsia de gânglio linfático, sete normais/reativas, cinco com linfoma linfocítico/LLC-B e sete com linfomas Não- Hodgkin B. Quantificou-se as subpopulações de células T CD4 e CD8; Th/c17; Th/c1; Tregs; células T ativadas através da citometria de fluxo, e após purificação das células TCD4 e TCD8, procedeu-se à quantificação da expressão de mRNA para os genes IL2 e IL10. Os nossos resultados mostraram um aumento das células Treg bem como, um decréscimo das células Th/c17 e Th/c1 no grupo com linfomas linfocíticos/LLC-B e no grupo com LNH-B. Relativamente à expressão génica, verificou-se uma diminuição de IL2 e um aumento de IL10 tanto para as células T CD4, como para as células T CD8 no grupo com linfomas linfocíticos/LLC-B e no grupo com LNH-B. Os resultados, embora preliminares, devido ao reduzido números de amostras estudadas, apontam para alterações significativas fenotípicas e funcionais nas células T e NK dos gânglios linfáticos com infiltração por células B patológicas, o que sugere diferenças ao nível da resposta imune anti-tumoral, que podem contribuir para o prognóstico destas entidades.
B cells Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases are a heterogeneous group of entities representing about 80-90% of all chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes, in which can be observed a clonal proliferation of B lymphocytes. Lymph node biopsy samples may be used to diagnosis of these diseases. Lymph nodes are suitable location for the interaction between B cells and T cells and an immune response to occur. Therefore, it is expected that in the presence of malignant B cells with a different capacity to interact with T cells, they will respond in a different way. The objective of this study was to numerical and functional analysis of T cells, particularly of activated T cells, regulatory T cells, Th/c17 and Th/c 1, as well as quantitation of NK cells and monocytes and dendritic cells. Nineteen lymph node biopsy samples were analyzed, seven normal/reactive, five with lymphocytic lymphoma/CLL-B and seven non- Hodgkin's lymphomas. Subpopulations of CD4 and CD8 T cells; Th/c17; Th/c1 Tregs; and T cells activated by flow cytometry were quantitated. After purification of CD4 and CD8 T cells, we proceeded to quantify the expression of mRNA for IL-2 and IL-10 genes. Our results showed an increase of Treg cells as well as a decrease in Th/ c17 cells and Th/c1 in the group with lymphocytic lymphoma/B-CLL and NHL-B group. For the gene expression, there was a decrease in IL2 and an increase of IL10 both CD4 T cells, as for CD8 T cells in the group with lymphocytic lymphomas/B-CLL and NHL-B group. The results, although preliminary, due to the small number of samples analyzed, indicate phenotypic and functional significant changes in the T and NK cells from lymph nodes with infiltration by pathological B-cells, suggesting differences in anti-tumor immune response, which may contribute to the prognosis of these entities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Palm, Anna-Karin E. "Function and Regulation of B-cell Subsets in Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kemisk biologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265024.

Full text
Abstract:
B lymphocytes play a significant role in autoimmune arthritis, with their function stretching beyond autoantibody production to cytokine secretion and presentation of autoantigen. However, the involvement and activation of different B-cell subset in the autoimmune response is not fully clear. The main focus of this thesis has been to understand the contribution of marginal zone (MZ) B cells in the induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We show that MZ B cells in the spleen of naïve mice display a natural self-reactivity to collagen type II (CII), the autoantigen used for immunization of CIA. The CII-reactive MZ B cells expand rapidly following immunization with CII, and produce IgM and IgG antibodies to CII. They also very efficiently present CII to cognate T cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, absence of regulatory receptors such as CR1/2 or FcγRIIb on the MZ B cells increases their proliferation and cytokine production in response to toll-like receptor, but not B-cell receptor, activation. Further, FcγRIIb-deficient MZ B cells present CII to T cells more efficiently than wild-type MZ B cells. We additionally demonstrate for the first time the existence of a small population of nodal MZ B cells in mouse lymph nodes. Similar to splenic MZ B cells, the nodal MZ B cells expand after CIA induction, secrete IgM anti-CII antibodies and can present CII to cognate T cells. Finally, we show that mast cells, associated with ectopic B cell follicles in inflamed RA joints, in coculture with B cells promote their expansion, production of IgM and IgG antibodies as well as upregulation of CD19 and L-selectin. Coculture with mast cells further causes the B cells to upregulate costimulators and class II MHC, important molecules for antigen-presenting function. In summary, my findings suggest that splenic and nodal self-reactive MZ B cells participate in breaking T-cell tolerance to CII in CIA. B-cell intrinsic regulation is needed to keep such autoreactive B cells quiescent. Mast cells can potentiate B-cell responses locally in the arthritic joint, thus feeding the autoimmune reaction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Temple, Kip. "AN INITIAL LOOK AT ADJACENT BAND INTERFERENCE BETWEEN AERONAUTICAL MOBILE TELEMETRY AND LONG-TERM EVOLUTION WIRELESS SERVICE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624192.

Full text
Abstract:
With National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA) Advanced Wireless Services (AWS-3) auction of frequencies in the 1695-1710 MHz, 1755-1780MHz, and 2155- 2180MHz bands, users of the Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry (AMT) band from 1755- 1850MHz, known as Upper L-Band, could be greatly affected. This paper takes an initial look at how the 1755-1780MHz band will be used by the cellular carriers and presents some preliminary testing results of adjacent channel (band) interference that could be experienced by AMT users. This paper should be considered as the stepping off point for future interference discussions, required analysis, and further testing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "B-nodes"

1

Drancourt, Michel. Other bacterial diseasesCat-scratch disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0024.

Full text
Abstract:
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a worldwide zoonoses caused by infection with the bacterium, Bartonella henselae. The formal description of the disease by Debré in 1950 (Debré et al. 1950) corresponds to the most frequently diagnosed form of the disease. Cats are the main reservoir for B. henselae and transmission is via Ctniocephalides felis. Humans usually become infected after being scratched or bitten by a cat and is most frequently seen in children and young adults.CSD is a self-limiting illness which often begins with a small papule developing at the site of cat scratch or bite within 3-14 days of the infection. Nearby lymph nodes, usually neck, axillary or groin, become swollen and can persist for several months. It may take up to 7 weeks for the enlarged lymph nodes to appear and individuals may not recall any cat scratch or bite. In healthy cases antibiotics are not indicated.About 5-10% of patients may develop other forms of CSD including eye infection characterised by conjunctivitis and swollen lymph nodes, rash, liver and spleen enlargement, and more rarely encephalitis. Immunosuppresed patients may develop more severe disease, such as bacillary angiomatosis.General advice for preventing CSD includes avoiding rough play with cats, particularly kittens. Cat scratches and bites should be washed immediately with water and soap and cats should not be allowed to lick open wounds.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "B-nodes"

1

Sammicheli, Stefano, Mirela Kuka, and Matteo Iannacone. "Intravital Imaging of B Cell Responses in Lymph Nodes." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 63–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7762-8_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Park, Chung, Il-Young Hwang, and John H. Kehrl. "Intravital Two-Photon Imaging of Adoptively Transferred B Lymphocytes in Inguinal Lymph Nodes." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 199–207. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-198-1_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ghods, Atri, Abbas Ghaderi, and Fereshteh Mehdipour. "Expression of TNFRs by B and T Lymphocytes in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 259–69. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1130-2_20.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kirsch, Brian James, Shu-Jyuan Chang, Michael James Betenbaugh, and Anne Le. "Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism." In The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism, 103–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_7.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractNon-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with different biological characteristics. About 90% of all lymphomas in the United States originate from B lymphocytes, while the remaining originate from T cells [1]. The treatment of NHLs depends on the neoplastic histology and stage of the tumor, which will indicate whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination is the best suitable treatment [2]. The American Cancer Society describes the staging of lymphoma as follows: Stage I is lymphoma in a single node or area. Stage II is when that lymphoma has spread to another node or organ tissue. Stage III is when it has spread to lymph nodes on two sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV is when cancer has significantly spread to organs outside the lymph system. Radiation therapy is the traditional therapeutic route for localized follicular and mucosa-associated lymphomas. Chemotherapy is utilized for the treatment of large-cell lymphomas and high-grade lymphomas [2]. However, the treatment of indolent lymphomas remains problematic as the patients often have metastasis, for which no standard approach exists [2].
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Carrasco, Yolanda R. "In Vivo Tracking of Particulate Antigen Localization and Recognition by B Lymphocytes at Lymph Nodes." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 163–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7474-0_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Park, Chung, Il-Young Hwang, and John H. Kehrl. "The Use of Intravital Two-Photon and Thick Section Confocal Imaging to Analyze B Lymphocyte Trafficking in Lymph Nodes and Spleen." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 193–205. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7474-0_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kolding, Troels, Hanns-Jürgen Schwarzbauer, Johanna Pekonen, Karol Drazynski, Jacek Gora, Maciej Pakulski, Patryk Pisowacki, Harri Holma, and Antti Toskala. "Home Node B and Femtocells." In WCDMA for UMTS, 515–46. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470669501.ch19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Philip, Venmani Daniel, Yvon Gourhant, and Djamal Zeghlache. "OpenFlow as an Architecture for e-Node B Virtualization." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 49–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29093-0_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Miranda, Roberto N., Joseph D. Khoury, and L. Jeffrey Medeiros. "Splenic B-Cell Marginal Zone Lymphoma in Lymph Node." In Atlas of Lymph Node Pathology, 205–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7959-8_46.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Di Zio, Simone. "Reducing inconsistency in AHP by combining Delphi and Nudge theory and network analysis of the judgements: an application to future scenarios." In Proceedings e report, 87–92. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.17.

Full text
Abstract:
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a Multi-Criteria method in which a number of decision factors (typically criteria and alternatives) are compared pairwise by one or more experts, using the Saaty scale, with the goal of sorting the alternatives (Saaty, 1977; 1980). For group AHP the Delphi method can be used in parallel with the AHP (Di Zio and Maretti, 2014), and this allows the search for a consensus on each pairwise judgement. A big issue of the AHP regards the inconsistency of the pairwise comparison matrices and here we propose a new method to reduce the inconsistency. As a solution we exploit the Nudge theory (Thaler and Sunstein, 2008) and from the second round of the Delphi survey, we calculate and circulate a Nudge to “gentle push” the experts towards more consistent evaluations. Furthermore, we propose the representation of the AHP matrices through graphs. In a direct graph two nodes are linked with two direct and weighted edges (or one edge with the direction based on the weights), where the weights indicate the evaluation given by an expert or, for a group, the geometric mean of the judgements. This type of visualization facilitates the reading of the results and could also be used as real-time feedback in the Delphi process, by displaying on the edges also a measure of variability. An application is proposed, on the evaluation of four future scenarios on the regulation of genetic modification experiments, assessed by a panel of 27 experts according to different criteria (plausibility, consistency and simplicity). The application demonstrated that it is possible to: a) reduce the inconsistency; b) collect useful textual material which enrich the AHP itself; c) use the inconsistency index as a stopping criterion for the Delphi rounds; d) display the pairwise comparison matrices with graphs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "B-nodes"

1

Todorovich, Elias, and Eduardo Boemo. "A-B Nodes Classification for Power Estimation." In 2006 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpl.2006.311318.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Li, Yin, Xu Guo, Rong-Hua Shi, and Fang-Li Yang. "Monitor and Control Wireless Sensor Nodes by B/S Architecture." In 2014 International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Network. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcsn.2014.48.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bdiri, Sadok, Faouzi Derbel, and Olfa Kanoun. "Wireless sensor nodes using energy harvesting and B-Mac protocol." In 2013 10th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd.2013.6564160.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Julian, T., S. Anderson, N. Golesorkhi, V. Fourchotte, P. Zheng, E. Mamounas, A. Brown, et al. "Predictive Factors for Positive Non-Sentinel Nodes Following a Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy: NSABP B-32." In Abstracts: Thirty-Second Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 10‐13, 2009; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-301.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

MAJ, STANISLAW PAUL, and DAVID VEAL. "B-NODES: A PROPOSED NEW METHOD FOR MODELING INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY." In Proceedings of the International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810885_0045.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kumar, Ashok V., and Ravi K. Burla. "Finite Element Analysis Using Uniform B-Spline Basis." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49696.

Full text
Abstract:
Implicit boundary finite element method uses structured grids for analysis instead of a conforming finite element mesh. The geometry of the structure is represented independently using curve / surface equations. These equations are used to apply boundary conditions even though there may not be nodes available on the boundary. In this paper, this method is applied for analysis using uniform B-spline basis defined over structured grids. Solutions can be constructed that are C1 or C2 continuous throughout the analysis domain using B-spline basis functions. Therefore, the computed stress and strain are continuous in the analysis domain thus eliminating the need for smoothing stress/strain results. Compared to conforming mesh, it is easier to generate structured grids that overlap the geometry and the elements in the grid are regular shaped and undistorted. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of these B-spline elements. The results are compared with analytical solutions as well as traditional finite element solutions. Convergence studies for several examples show that B-spline elements provide accurate solutions with fewer elements and nodes as compared to traditional finite element method (FEM).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Sha, Zhenghui, and Jitesh H. Panchal. "Estimating the Node-Level Behaviors in Complex Networks From Structural Datasets." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12063.

Full text
Abstract:
There is an emerging class of networks that evolve endogenously based on the local characteristics and behaviors of nodes. Examples of such networks include social, economic, and peer-to-peer communication networks. The node-level behaviors determine the overall structure and performance of these networks. This is in contrast to exogenously designed networks whose structures are directly determined by network designers. To influence the performance of endogenous networks, it is crucial to understand a) what kinds of local behaviors result in the observed network structures and b) how these local behaviors influence the overall performance. The focus in this paper is on the first aspect, where information about the structure of networks is available at different points in time and the goal is to estimate the behavior of nodes that resulted in the observed structures. We use three different approaches to estimate the node-level behaviors. The first approach is based on the generalized preferential attachment model of network evolution. In the second approach, statistical regression-based models are used to estimate the node-level behaviors from consecutive snapshots of the network structure. In the third approach, the nodes are modeled as rational decision-making agents who make linking decisions based on the maximization of their payoffs. Within the decision-making framework, the multinomial logit choice model is adopted to estimate the preferences of decision-making nodes. The autonomous system (AS) level Internet is used as an illustrative example to illustrate and compare the three approaches.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

"A New Flash-based B+-Tree with Very Cheap Update Operations on Leaf Nodes." In International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Big Data Analytics. International Institute of Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e0116022.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Herrmann, Patrick, and Ulrike Meyer. "B. A. T. M. A. N. Handover Extension for Routing Nodes in Infrastructure WMNs." In 2016 IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcn.2016.118.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jablokow, Andrei G., and Isaac Abraham. "Reconstruction of B-rep Solid Models From Finite Element Meshes for Design Automation." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0375.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper presents the integration of Finite Element (FE) techniques with B-rep solid modeling. Algorithms for constructing B-rep solid models from a finite element meshes are presented. The finite element mesh data, which consists of node coordinates and connectivity information, is read in from any standard finite element analysis package (currently SDRC IDEAS and MSC/XL) and then processed to construct a polyhedral non-manifold B-rep solid model of the geometry. Since the finite element mesh of a solid object is essentially a non-manifold object, existing geometric modeling data structures based on two-manifold topologies cannot represent it directly. In this work the non-manifold radial-edge data structure is used for the internal representation of the finite element mesh. The mesh is then processed using non-manifold topology operators to eliminate internal nodes and elements to arrive at the solid model that is a polyhedral boundary representation. The results are useful for design automation through the integration of CAD with finite element analysis, shape optimization, as well as the manufacturing of geometry stored as a finite element mesh.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'B-nodes' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography