Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'B-LLA'
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CRICRÌ, GIULIA. "ActivinA as a key modulator of B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell motility and vesiculation within the bone marrow niche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/304789.
Full textAcute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children. About 80% of the cases arises from precursor B cells (BCP-ALL), which abnormally accumulate as a consequence of genetic alterations associated to differentiation inhibition and abnormal expansion. Despite the 85% survival rate, a total of 10-15% of patients retains leukemic stem cells and their progenitors in the bone marrow (BM), thereby relapsing following treatment cessation. The importance of BM microenvironment for cancer progression has been widely recognized in recent years. In this study, we aimed to identify the crucial pathways involved in the bi-directional leukemia-stroma cross-talk that could be an attractive target for future antileukemic therapy. We focused our attention on the characterization of ActivinA, a TGF-β family member, within the BM leukemic niche. Here, we identified ActivinA as a new crucial factor exploited by leukemic cells to create a self-reinforcing niche: indeed, this molecule was highly expressed in the BM plasma of leukemic patients. Furthermore, we reported that BCP-ALL cells, along with the highly pro-inflammatory environment of leukemic BM, induced a strong increase in the molecule secretion by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs). In accordance with its protumoral role in solid tumors, ActivinA strongly induced both random and CXCL12-driven migration of cells also in the context of BCP-ALL. We observed that ActivinA selectively stimulated these leukemic cell biological properties with a calcium- and actin polymerization-mediated mechanism as this molecule showed an opposite effect on Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). According to the literature, we found reduced CXCL12 levels in the leukemic BM, but ActivinA enhanced cell migration also towards suboptimal CXCL12 concentrations, suggesting a possible mechanism by which leukemic cells could persist in the BM niche, displacing healthy hematopoiesis. Our in vitro data about the pro-migratory and pro-invasive role of ActivinA were confirmed also in vivo. By using a xenograft mouse model of human BCP-ALL, we demonstrated the ability of ActivinA to enhance both BM engraftment and metastatic potential intro extra-medullary sites of leukemic cells. Notably, the regulation of calcium influx and cytoskeleton organization by ActivinA is an important process to stimulate also cell vesiculation. Recent studies have shown that cancer extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate cell-cell communication and potentially contribute to tumor progression. Therefore, we investigated whether ActivinA was able to influence vesiculation by leukemic cells. We demonstrated that ActivinA increased the production of both exosomes and MVs by BCP-ALL cells. We found that EVs transport the t(1;19) fusion transcript, typical of cells from which they originate. We then studied the biological effects by which ActivinA-induced leukemia EVs can actively promote BCP-ALL disease, focusing our attention on resistance to therapy. Firstly, we demonstrated that ActivinA significantly decreased the sensitivity of leukemic cells to the anti-leukemic drug Asparaginase (ASNase) which was re-stored by blocking ActivinA signaling. Interestingly, also ActivinA-induced leukemia EVs conferred resistance to leukemic cells. To understand the mechanism underlying EV chemoprotection, we explored their miRNA cargo and identified differentially expressed miRNAs induced by ActivinA treatment. Of these, miR-491-5p has been previously reported to be associated with ASNase chemoresistance in childhood leukemia. The discovery of ActivinA signaling between BCP-ALL cells and MSCs adds significant insights into the mechanisms of communication in the leukemic niche. Moreover, ActivinA-induced leukemia EVs seem to play a crucial role in sustaining leukemic cells, by conferring them drug resistance. Our data provide a new concept to develop alternative therapeutic strategies that include targeting of the leukemic niche in BCP-ALL.
Mohr, Audrey. "Caractérisation des lymphocytes B régulateurs dans la leucémie lymphoïde chronique." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0066/document.
Full textBackground: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by expansion of CD5+B cells associated with disruption of immune responses, contributing to the immunodeficiency and the disease progression. Regulatory B (Breg) cells may control the anti-tumor responses favoring tumor escape. Intriguingly, CLL B cells share phenotypical characteristics with these cells.Aims: The main focus of this project is to evaluate the regulatory function of CLL B cells, aiming to estimate their influence on the lack of anti-tumor responses mediated by T cells.Methods: In vitro models of co-cultures between T and B cells are used to appraise the regulatory capacity of CLL B cells on T cell proliferation.Results: We determined a defective spontaneous regulatory function for CLL B cells. Two groups of patients have been identified following CpG-ODN stimulation. The first group presents defective regulatory B cell functions compared with control B cells. In the second group, no inhibitory activity is detected. TLR-9 gene expression analysis highlighted differential gene expression between controls and the two groups of CLL patients. Moreover, ours observations indicate that patients with low Breg activity have more aggressive disease.Conclusion: These results suggest alteration of the TLR-9 pathway in CLL B cells. To go further, it will be of interest to identify the molecular mechanisms damaging the TLR-9 pathway. These results would contribute to clarify the lack of anti-tumor immune response found in the CLL patients
Zanin, Rafael Fernandes. "Hidrólise extracelular de ATP e ADP pela enzima NTPDase1 em linfócitos de pacientes com leucemia linfocítica crônica-B." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11149.
Full textA atividade da enzima NTPDase1 (E.C.3.6.1.5, Apyrase, ecto-ATP-difosfoidrolase,CD39) que hidrolisa ATP e ADP, foi analisada em linfócitos periféricos de pacientes com leucemia linfocítica crônica (LLC-B), doença que possui como característica principal o acúmulo de linfócitos B maduros. A amostra foi composta por 23 pacientes com LLC-B, diagnosticados de acordo com critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e resultados de imunofenotipagem. Os pacientes foram divididos, conforme o sistema de classificação de Binet, em 4 grupos: estágio A (inicial), estágio B (intermediário), estágio C (avançado) e um grupo controle. Os resultados demonstraram que a hidrólise do ATP foi significativamente aumentada (F(29,3)=26.79 p<0.001) em todos os estágios da doença e em relação ao controle e esse aumento é compatível com o avanço da doença mostrando a maior hidrólise no estágio C. A hidrólise do ADP acompanhou os resultados do ATP e também estava aumentada (F(29,3)= 23.76 p<0.001). Além disso, verificou-se uma forte correlação entre a atividade da enzima NTPDase1 e a contagem absoluta de glóbulos brancos do sangue periférico. A alteração na atividade da enzima NTPDase1 em linfócitos de pacientes com LLC-B em seus diferentes estágios, vem confirmar o importante papel das ecto-nucleotidases na regulação dos níveis de ATP e ADP, os quais atuam como moléculas sinalizadores em várias células sangüíneas como os linfócitos. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para melhor elucidar as funções desse sistema enzimático no controle de nucleotídeos e o seu papel na LLC-B.
Rebelo, Sandra Sofia da Silva Ferreira. "Estudo por citogenética convencional e FISH de 50 amostras com LLC-B." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/844.
Full textA leucemia linfocítica crónica do tipo B (LLC-B) é a forma de leucemia mais comum nos adultos do hemisfério Ocidental e, apesar de afectar sobretudo indivíduos idosos, cerca de um quinto dos pacientes tem menos de 55 anos quando diagnosticada. Esta patologia segue um decurso clínico variável com taxas de sobrevivência que se estendem de meses a décadas. Tem-se verificado uma evolução crescente no conhecimento e compreensão das doenças linfoproliferativas crónicas durante os últimos 30 anos, recorrendo a métodos citogenéticos, moleculares e imunológicos. Até ao final dos anos 70, as alterações cromossómicas eram estudadas por culturas de curta duração in vitro e análise das metafases. Contudo, devido ao baixo índice mitótico espontâneo das células tumorais, não foi possível identificar anomalias associadas à LLC-B através deste método, visto que se obtinham metafases de baixa qualidade e em escassa quantidade. Na década de 80 alguns mitogéneos como TPA, lipopolissacarídeos e pokeweed começaram a ser aplicados para estimulação das células B, permitindo identificar as alterações genéticas recorrentes desta patologia. O presente trabalho teve como objectivo identificar, em cinquenta amostras de sangue periférico com LLC-B diagnosticada, as alterações cromossómicas associadas à doença que estão documentadas na literatura e determinação da existência de novas alterações recorrentes, através da aplicação de técnicas citogenéticas e moleculares (Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)). Relativamente aos resultados citogenéticos deste trabalho, foi possível estimular o crescimento celular na totalidade das amostras, obtendo-se preparações cromossómicas com tamanho e resolução de bandas desejável para análise e em 66% dos casos foram detectadas anomalias cromossómicas. A delecção do cromossoma 13q14 foi a alteração cromossómica mais frequente, seguida da trissomia do cromossoma 12, e da delecção do locus 17p13. Foram identificadas outras mutações pouco comuns, nomeadamente translocações equilibradas em 8% das amostras e, quando presentes envolviam, normalmente, o cromossoma 14q. Relativamente à delecção dos loci 13q14 e 17p13 e trissomia do cromossoma 12, procedeu-se à sua pesquisa por FISH, permitindo a sua identificação em 54% das amostras. Os resultados citogenéticos foram confirmados pela técnica molecular, e em um caso em concreto, a FISH permitiu a detecção de uma delecção subtil do cromossoma 13q14 imperceptível por métodos clássicos. ABSTRACT: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is the most common form of adult leukaemia in the Western hemisphere and, although it mainly affects the elderly, about one fifth of the patients are less than 55 years old at diagnosis. This pathology follows a variable clinical course with overall survival times ranging from months to decades. Over the past 30 years there has been an increasing evolution in the knowledge and understanding of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, based on cytogenetic, molecular and immunological methods. Until the late 1970s, chromosome alterations were studied by conventional short-term in vitro cultures and chromosome analysis. Nevertheless, due to the low in vitro mitotic activity of the tumour cells, it was unable to identify genetic abnormalities associated to B-CLL through this method, once it led to poor quantity and quality of metaphase spreads. In the 1980s some mitogens, such as TPA, lipopolysaccharides and pokeweed, began being applied to stimulate B cells so they could proliferate in vitro and led to the identification of recurrent genetic alterations in B-CLL. The present work´s purpose consisted in identifying, in fifty peripheral blood samples diagnosed with B-CLL, the chromosomal alterations documented in literature associated to this disease, and determining the existence of new recurrent alterations through cytogenetic and molecular (Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)) methods. Relatively to the cytogenetic results within this document, the cellular mitotic activity was induced in every sample, permitting to generate metaphase spreads with suitable size and bands resolution for analysis, and in 66% of the cases chromosomal anomalies were detected. Deletion of chromosome 13q14 was the most frequent chromosomal aberration, followed by trissomy of chromosome 12 and deletion of the locus 17p13. Other unusual mutations were identified, namely balanced translocations in 8% of the cases and, when they were present, they usually involved the chromosome 14q. In what concerns to the deletion of the loci 13q14, 17p13 and trissomy of 12 FISH was performed, allowing their identification in 54% of the samples. The cytogenetic results were confirmed by the molecular technique, and specifically in one case, FISH permitted the detection of a subtle deletion of chromosome 13q14 which was imperceptible by conventional methods.
Villamor, i. Casas Neus. "Activitat "natural killer" a la leucèmia limfàtica crònica de línia B." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2319.
Full textLa funció de les CNK dintre de l'organisme és molt àmplia. Controla el creixement i disseminació de cèl.lules tumorals i de cèl.lules infectades pel virus, regula el creixement de la "stem cell" hemopoètica, participa en el rebuig d'empelts i produeix diverses citoquines que controlen la funció dels limfòcits B i T. La leucèmia limfàtica crònica de línia B (LLC-B) és el procés limfoproliferatiu més freqüent en el nostre ambient. Dintre de l'espectre de signes i símptomes de la malaltia s'han descrit diverses alteracions immunes que afecten tant als limfòcits B com els limfócits T. En els últims anys diversos autors han suggerit que la CNK present en pacients amb LLC-B presenta alteracions. Els treballs realitzats sobre la CNK a la LLC-B són pocs i inclouen un nombre petit de malalts. El motiu que provoca el defecte funcional trobat en la població "natural killer" (NK) no es coneix. A més, cap d'aquests treballs analitza l'activitat "natural Killer" (ANK) en relació amb les característiques clínico-analítiques dels pacients.
Per aquestes raons, els principals objectius de la recerca presentada en la present tesi són els següents:
1. Mesurar l'ANK en pacients amb LLC-B
2. Relacionar l'ANK amb les característiques dels pacients.
3. Valorar l'efecte del tractament sobre l'ANK dels pacients amb especial atenció a l'efecte de l'interferó "in vivo".
Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in immune surveillance against tumoral and infected cells, and display immunoregulatory functions over B and T lymphocytes. In B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) there exist immune alterations affecting B and T lymphocytes. Recently NK disfunction was also noticed regarding activity (NKa) and surface phenotype. NKa was analyzed in 67 patients with B-CLL using the (51)Cr release assay and the lymphocytic phenotype by means of CD2, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD11b, CXD57, CND56 and CD19.
Moga, Naranjo M. Esther. "Potenciació de la citotoxicitat cel·lular induïda pel Rituximab en cèl·lules B de LLC." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3814.
Full textDiferents estudis en fase II han mostrat que l'associació del rituximab a la quimioteràpia ha millorat el percentatge de resposta i el període lliure de malaltia. No obstant, tots els pacients a la llarga experimenten una progressió de la malaltia. Un dels principals mecanismes d'acció del rituximab és la citotoxicitat cel·lular depenent d'anticossos. Les principals cèl·lules efectores implicades en aquest mecanisme d'acció són les cèl·lules portadores de receptors Fcγ, i dintre d'aquest grup les que juguen un paper primordial són les cèl·lules NK.
La hipòtesi general va ser l'anàlisi de molècules potenciadores de la capacitat citotòxica de les cèl·lules NK i de l'ADCC, per poder ser utilitzades associades al rituximab com a adjuvants en el tractament de les leucèmies limfàtiques cròniques. Entre aquestes molècules es va estudiar el CpG ODN A per mimetitzar l'activitat estimuladora del DNA bacterià, a través del TLR9 i provocar una forta activació i síntesi d'IFNγ per cèl·lules NK. L'altre molècula va ser l'IL-15 per estar estretament relacionada en la supervivència, proliferació i activació de les cèl·lules NK.
Es va observar que la IL-15 i el CpG ODN A eren 2 molècules estimuladores que potenciaven significativament la capacitat citotòxica de PBMCs, en presència o absència de rituximab, quan s'enfrontaven tant a una línia cel·lular de limfoma B humà com a cèl·lules leucèmiques de LLC-B. La principal població efectora responsable d'aquesta potenciació citotòxica van ser les cèl·lules NK. No obstant el mecanisme d'acció responsable va ser diferent. Mentre que la IL-15 incrementava la capacitat citotòxica de la cèl·lula NK tant directament com indirectament, el CpG ODN A ho feia només indirectament requerint de senyals addicionals presents a les PBMCs.
Quan les PBMCs es van enfrontar a cèl·lules de limfoma B de la línia cel·lular Raji va resultar que els dos estímuls es comportaven igual. Però quan van ser cèl·lules leucèmiques de LLC-B, la IL-15 es va comportar com un estímul significativament més potent que el CpG ODN A incrementant la citotoxicitat natural i l'ADCC. La IL-15 en aquest sentit va actuar incrementant l'expressió de receptors relacionats amb cèl·lules NK en desgranulació (CD16, CD69 i NKG2D) i del receptor LFA-1 implicat en la senyalització de la citotoxicitat (adhesió cel·lular). Així com produint un augment significatiu d'IFN-γ.
En presència de TGF-β, citocina immunosupressora que disminueix de manera significativa la citotoxicitat natural i l'ADCC de PBMCs enfrontades a cèl·lules leucèmiques de LLC, la IL-15 va poder contrarestar aquest efecte supressor. De la mateixa manera en presència d'IL-15, la disminució que provoca el TGF-β en la producció d'IFN-γ, va ser menor i més variable no sent significativa.
The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is often insidious, but it is a disease that remains not treatable. Even using the best therapeutic options, symptomatic patients have a survival between 1-7 years. Several series of therapeutic combinations have been evaluated for patients with relapses and refractory to treatment, but none has been demonstrated to be superior. Therefore, it is notable the need to find therapeutic alternatives for these patients.
Different studies in phase II have shown that the addition of rituximab to chemotherapy has improved the percentage of response and the disease free period. However, all patients suffer progression of the disease at long term. One of the main mechanisms of action of rituximab is the antibody mediated cytotoxicity. The most important effector cells involved in this mechanism of action are Fcγ receptors cells, specifically NK cells.
The general hypothesis is the analysis of molecules enhancing the cytotoxic capacity of NK cells and ADCC, for them to be used in addition to rituximab as adjuvant in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Amongst these molecules, CpG ODN A was studied because its capacity to mimetise the stimulating activity of bacterial DNA through TLR9 and to induce a strong activation and synthesis of IFNγ by NK cells. The other molecule was IL-15, due to its involvement in survival, proliferation and activation of NK cells.
It was observed that IL-15 and CpG ODN A were two stimulating molecules than significantly enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of PBMCs, in the presence or absence of rituximab, when they were confronted to cells from B lymphoma Raji line and to leukemic cells from CLL-B. The major effector population responsible for this cytotoxic enhancement are the NK cells. However, the mechanism of action is different. Whereas IL-15 increased the cytotoxic capacity of the NK cell directly as much as indirectly, CpG ODN A did it only indirectly, requiring of additional signals present in PBMCs.
When PBMCs were confronted to Raji cells from B cell lymphoma, the two stimuli had a similar behavior. However, when PBMCs were confronted to leukemic cells from CLL-B, Il-15 was a stronger stimulus than CpG ODN A, enhancing the natural cytotoxicity and ADCC. In this way, IL-15 worked increasing the expression of receptors related to degranulating NK cells (CD16, CD69 and NKG2D) and of LFA-1 receptor, implied in the cytotoxicity signaling (cellular adhesion), and increasing significantly IFNγ production.
In the presence of TGF-β, immunosupressor cytokine that decrease significantly the natural cytotoxicity and ADCC of PBMCs confronted to leukemic cells from CLL, IL-15 is able to counteract this suppressive effect. In the same way, the reduction caused in IFN-γ production is going to be smaller and more variable in the presence of IL-15, although not significantly.
Bras, Marlène. "Etude des mécanismes régulant la mort cellulaire indépendante des caspases médiée par CD47 dans la leucémie lymphoïde chronique B (LLC-B)." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066240.
Full textB lymphocytes of B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (B-CLL) frequently present anomalies which make them resistant to classical apoptosis induced by chimiotherapeutic agents. In this context, our results show that CD47 stimulation induces a new cell death pathway which remains functional in B-CLL cells, independently of their sensitivity to classical apoptosis. This cell death is exclusively characterized by cytoplasmic alterations. Mitochondrial alterations are not coupled with the release of proapoptotic proteins and are not controlled by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. However, these alterations are controlled by the mitochondrial translocation of Drp-1. Since the caspases are not implicated in these processes, the whole cellular damage observed can be inhibited by serpase inhibitors
Ghamlouch, Hussein. "La différenciation des cellules B de la LLC en cellules sécrétrices d'anticorps : conséquences sur notre compréhension de la physiopathologie de la LLC." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIED002.
Full textNeiva, Luciana Barros de Moura. "Toxicidade da polimixina B em células LLC-PK1 e a enzima heme oxigenase-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-07052009-112206/.
Full textIn the acute kidney injury, the mechanisms of defense act as protector genes, as the protein heat shock 32 (HSP 32), also known as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The polymyxin B (PmxB) is a nephrotoxic antimicrobial. The aim of this study was to distinguish the role of the HO-1 enzyme in the PmxB toxicity in LLC-PK1 cells. The cells were submitted to the following treatments: Control (CTL- 0µM); Hemin (inhibitor of HO-1, 25µM); Hemin II (250M), Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP - inhibitor of HO-1, 10M,); NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME - inhibitor of iNOS, 0,1mM); PmxB (375µM); PmxB + Hemin (25µM of Hemin one hour before the PmxB); PmxB + ZnPP (10M of ZnPP one hour before the PmxB); PmxB + Hemin + L-NAME (25M of Hemin and 0,1mM of L-NAME one hour before the PmxB). All groups were evaluated in 24 and 72 hours. The following parameters were analysed: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), genic expression of HO-1 by RT-PCR, protein syntesis of HO-1 by immunofluorescence, nitric oxide (NO) by Griess method and protein expression of HO-1 and of iNOS by western blotting. The results showed that PmxB increased the LDH and the levels of MDA. Hemin and ZnPP also increased the LDH variables, MDA and nitric oxide (NO). The inducer of HO-1 improved the protein expression of HO-1 and of iNOS. The PmxB was confirmed as a cytotoxic and the HO-1 intensified the failure by oxidative mechanisms. The effect of HO-1 in the cell injury seemed to be mediated by NO
Martínez, Lostao Luis. "STAT1 en la apoptosis inducida por fludarabina e inhibidores de Jak Kinasas en las celulas de LLC-B. Papel de las celulas adherentes en la apoptosis inducida por fludarabina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3755.
Full textAuchter, Morgan. "Implication de la topoisomérase IIIa dans la stabilité chromosomique au cours de la recombinaison télomérique des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4008.
Full textIn somatic cells, telomeres erode with each cell division. This process named « Replicative Senescence » is basically counterbalanced in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the action of telomerase which, while it is inactive in somatic cells of higher eukaryotes is activated in 85 % of cancer cases. Another process of telomere maintenance is involved in 15% of remaining cancer cases and is called Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT). In this process, telomere maintenance is provided by telomeric recombination mechanisms inducing exchange of telomeric sister chromatid (T-SCE).We assessed the existence of an ALT mechanism in B-CLL known to rarely express telomerase. We have shown that 90% of B-CLL patients have a decreased expression of TopoIIIα correlated with largest methylation of CpG islands of the gene promoter region. Our results suggest that in B-CLL, telomere maintenance is defective either by telomerase or ALT mechanism.We investigated the involvement of post- SUMOylation of TopoIIIα/Top3 in mechanisms regulating ALT phenomenon. We have shown that TopoIIIα was SUMOylated in vitro and in vivo in U2-OS ALT cells. We also observed in S. cerevisiae that Top3p might be SUMOylated in absence of telomerase activity. Our results suggested that the SUMOylation of TopoIIIα increased its activity in vitro and in vivo by reducing its affinity for telomeres once recombination occurred and would be required for its accumulation in APBs but not for their formation
Pasero, Christine. "Expression et fonction de LIGHT et HVEM, membres de la superfamille des TNF/TNFR, sur les lymphocytes B normaux et leucémiques (LLC-B)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20667.
Full textTNF/TNFR family members play a crucial role in several biological processes, regulating various responses such as proliferation, organogenesis, apoptosis or inflammation. During my thesis, we evaluated the expression and the function of HVEM, a TNFR member and its ligand LIGHT on normal and leukemic B lymphocytes. We enlightened a cooperation between LIGHT and another TNF member, CD40L, for the induction of LIGHT protein at the membrane, and for B-cell proliferation. Then, we focused on HVEM role on haematopoietic malignancy, particularly B-CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Our results reveal a proapoptotic effect of HVEM on B-CLL cells and we described the mechanisms involved in this cell death, including caspase activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased Bax and FADD expression. Moreover, we found that HVEM stimulation increased inflammatory chemokine production by B-CLL cells, particularly significant amounts of IL-8. Taken together, these results suggest that HVEM could represent a potential therapeutic target by a direct apoptotic effect on B-CLL cells, and by recruiting immune system against leukemic cells
GRULOIS, ISABELLE. "Etude fonctionnelle du phenomene multidrogue resistance dans les lymphocytes normaux et dans les lymphocytes pathologiques de la llc-b." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M139.
Full textVeuillen, Caroline. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'échappement tumoral à la lyse NK dans la LLC-B et le cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20708.
Full textMany experimental and clinical data have enlightened the importance of Natural Killer (NK) cells in tumor immunosurveillance. Therapeutic strategies based on NK cells could be an alternative in the treatment of certain cancers. We focused our study on two types of incurable cancers despite recent advances in treatment: B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and prostate cancer. The aim of our study is a better understanding of the mechanisms set up by leukemic B cells and prostate cancer cells to escape from NK antitumor response. The knowledge of these escape mechanisms is an essential prerequisite to the use of NK cells in antitumor therapies. Regarding B-CLL, our results suggest that NK cells, although functionally competent, can not initiate an appropriate immune response against leukemic B cells due to a lack of recognition of the latter. Concerning the prostate cancer, our preliminary data show that circulating NK cells are functionally competent, whatever the stage of disease, despite the significant decrease in expression of the receptor NKp30. Thus, the degree of immunogenicity of leukemic B cells and of the prostate cancer cells must be taken into account as well as the functionality of NK cells in strategies aiming at improving NK antitumor activity
Blanco, Ares Gonzalo 1989. "Molecular characterization of the microenvironment in CLL-like monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis and early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664506.
Full textEl estudio del microambiente en la linfocitosis B monoclonal (LBM) de tipo LLC y en estadios iniciales de la leucemia linfática crónica (LLC) tiene gran relevancia para entender la historia natural de la enfermedad. Con este objetivo se caracterizaron 58 casos de LBM, 54 de LLC en fases iniciales y 31 sujetos sanos. Se analizó la expresión génica y el repertorio del receptor de células T (TR) en fracciones de células mononucleares CD4+ y CD8+ purificadas a partir de sangre periférica. Además, se realizaron inmunoensayos para medir niveles de citoquinas en suero. Los estudios de expresión génica revelaron patrones citotóxicos e inflamatorios aumentados en células CD4+, superiores en LBM con respecto a LLC en fases iniciales. En las células CD8+ no se observó ninguna disfunción remarcable en la expresión génica. Se detectaron niveles aumentados de citoquinas como IL8, IFNγ y TNFα en sueros de sujetos con LBM, mientras que en LLC en fases iniciales los niveles de citoquinas fueron generalmente inferiores, principalmente debido a los casos con hipermutaciones del gen IGHV. El análisis del TR mostró la existencia de oligoclonalidad en ambas entidades y de clones T persistentes en el tiempo, así como niveles de clonalidad en la fracción T CD4+ que aumentan conjuntamente con la expansión de las células B malignas. Asimismo, se identificaron clonotipos comunes en diferentes casos con LBM/LLC. Todos estos hallazgos implican un papel clave de los procesos inflamatorios y de los elementos antigénicos desde las etapas más tempranas de la enfermedad, cuyos efectos varían notablemente durante la progresión desde LBM a LLC.
Machado, RosÃngela Pinheiro GonÃalves. "Perfil clÃnico dos pacientes com LLC-B do AmbulatÃrio do Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio/HEMOCE: corelaÃÃo com marcadores biolÃgicos de prognÃstico." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4594.
Full textIntroduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of lymphocytes of mature appearance. Clinically and prognostic heterogeneous. Rai and Binet established clinical prognostic systems that classify LLC in low, intermediate and high risk. Soon, the biological markers of prognosis that increased the predictive power of the LLC. Objective: To characterize the clinical and biological markers of pognÃstico of patients with CLL the outpatient department of a university hospital (HUWC) / Center for Hematology and Hemotherapy Cearà / HEMOCE). Methodology: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional and observational 43 patients LLC, recruited so randomisation, from August 2007 to June 2009. We collected patient data from medical records, interview and three samples with 5.0 ml of peripheral venous blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for blood, for automated methodology CellDyn  equipment, model 3500, measurement of Ã2-microglobulin (Ã2 - M) serum by automated quantitative test on the device MINI-VIDAS (BioMÃrieux Â) and immunophenotyping on flow cytometry Beckman Coulter  EPICS XL-MCL (Coulter). Then collect the puncture of bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow examination for 4 to 5 ml in 2 ml of heparin for cytogenetic evaluation by Banda - G. Data analysis was performed using the statistical programs Biostat 4.0 and GraphPad Prism (version 5.00), the Phi coefficient test and the test coefficient Contingency C. The Fisher and chi-square test with significance level α = 5%. Kaplan-Meier survival function and log rank test. The results were generated using the free software R, version 2.7. Results: The patients (74.42%) were aged over 60 years, 58.14% 41.86% men and women, the majority (32.56%) worked in agriculture; brown (74.42%), coming the capital (53.49%), family history of unknown LLC (46.51%), symptomatic at diagnosis (53.49%), with comorbidity (arterial hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus) (51.16%), stage 0 ( 34.89%), I and II (51.16%), III and IV (13.95%) Rai, A (44.19%), B (44.19%) and C (11.62%) of Binet, lymphocyte doubling time (SRT) absent (81.40%), bone marrow biopsy with non-diffuse pattern (57.14%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) normal (83.72%), valued at diagnosis. The tests obtained during the course of the patients showed an immunophenotypic profile of classic B-CLL with expression of CD5 +, CD19 +, CD23 + surface immunoglobulin and low-expression, most with Zap-70 negative (77.50%); expression CD38 negative (73.81%), beta-2 microglobulin increased (55.81%), normal karyotype (44.4%) and genetic alterations in 11, 11% by classical cytogenetics. Survival curves of patients with Zap-70 negative and CD38 showed longer survival free of treatment. Conclusion: The patients studied were elderly, to encourage improve with late diagnosis due to the socioeconomic context, LLC indolent presented by classical staging criteria (Rai, Binet, TDL, standard bone marrow histology, LDH) and biological (the expression of Zap -70 and CD38), except for beta-2 microglobulin, but without statistical significance. Those with Zap-70 and CD38 negative had higher survival free of treatment. Male patients showed progress and prognosis similar to female. The prevalent treatment was associated with chlorambucil prednisone and did not lead patients to clinical remission or hematologic. The prognostic markers of the correlation tended to identify patients within the subgroups of risk.
Masdehors, Peggy. "Mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de l'apoptose radio-induite dans les lymphocytes humains normaux et pathologiques (LLC-B) : implication du système ubiquitine." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05P610.
Full textMachado, Rosângela Pinheiro Gonçalves. "Perfil clínico dos pacientes com LLC-B do Ambulatório do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio/Hemoce : corelação com marcadores biológicos de prognóstico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1906.
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Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of lymphocytes of mature appearance. Clinically and prognostic heterogeneous. Rai and Binet established clinical prognostic systems that classify LLC in low, intermediate and high risk. Soon, the biological markers of prognosis that increased the predictive power of the LLC. Objective: To characterize the clinical and biological markers of pognóstico of patients with CLL the outpatient department of a university hospital (HUWC) / Center for Hematology and Hemotherapy Ceará / HEMOCE). Methodology: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional and observational 43 patients LLC, recruited so randomisation, from August 2007 to June 2009. We collected patient data from medical records, interview and three samples with 5.0 ml of peripheral venous blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for blood, for automated methodology CellDyn ® equipment, model 3500, measurement of ß2-microglobulin (ß2 - M) serum by automated quantitative test on the device MINI-VIDAS (BioMérieux ®) and immunophenotyping on flow cytometry Beckman Coulter ® EPICS XL-MCL (Coulter). Then collect the puncture of bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow examination for 4 to 5 ml in 2 ml of heparin for cytogenetic evaluation by Banda - G. Data analysis was performed using the statistical programs Biostat 4.0 and GraphPad Prism (version 5.00), the Phi coefficient test and the test coefficient Contingency C. The Fisher and chi-square test with significance level α = 5%. Kaplan-Meier survival function and log rank test. The results were generated using the free software R, version 2.7. Results: The patients (74.42%) were aged over 60 years, 58.14% 41.86% men and women, the majority (32.56%) worked in agriculture; brown (74.42%), coming the capital (53.49%), family history of unknown LLC (46.51%), symptomatic at diagnosis (53.49%), with comorbidity (arterial hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus) (51.16%), stage 0 ( 34.89%), I and II (51.16%), III and IV (13.95%) Rai, A (44.19%), B (44.19%) and C (11.62%) of Binet, lymphocyte doubling time (SRT) absent (81.40%), bone marrow biopsy with non-diffuse pattern (57.14%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) normal (83.72%), valued at diagnosis. The tests obtained during the course of the patients showed an immunophenotypic profile of classic B-CLL with expression of CD5 +, CD19 +, CD23 + surface immunoglobulin and low-expression, most with Zap-70 negative (77.50%); expression CD38 negative (73.81%), beta-2 microglobulin increased (55.81%), normal karyotype (44.4%) and genetic alterations in 11, 11% by classical cytogenetics. Survival curves of patients with Zap-70 negative and CD38 showed longer survival free of treatment. Conclusion: The patients studied were elderly, to encourage improve with late diagnosis due to the socioeconomic context, LLC indolent presented by classical staging criteria (Rai, Binet, TDL, standard bone marrow histology, LDH) and biological (the expression of Zap -70 and CD38), except for beta-2 microglobulin, but without statistical significance. Those with Zap-70 and CD38 negative had higher survival free of treatment. Male patients showed progress and prognosis similar to female. The prevalent treatment was associated with chlorambucil prednisone and did not lead patients to clinical remission or hematologic. The prognostic markers of the correlation tended to identify patients within the subgroups of risk.
Introdução: A Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica (LLC) é uma neoplasia caracterizada pela proliferação clonal de linfócitos de aspecto maduro. Apresenta curso clínico e prognóstico heterogêneo. Rai e Binet criaram sistemas de prognósticos clínicos que classificam a LLC em baixo, intermediário e alto risco. Surgiram os marcadores biológicos de prognóstico que aumentaram o poder preditivo na LLC. Objetivo:Caracterizar os marcadores clínicos e biológicos de pognóstico dos pacientes com LLC do ambulatório do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC)/Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceará/HEMOCE. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, transversal e observacional com 43 pacientes portadores de LLC, recrutados de forma randomisada, no período de agosto de 2007 a Junho de 2009. Foram coletados dos pacientes dados nos prontuários, entrevista e três amostras com 5,0 ml de sangue venoso periférico em ácido etilenodiaminotetraacético (EDTA) para o hemograma, por metodologia automatizada no equipamento CellDyn®, modelo 3.500; dosagem da ß2-microglobulina (ß2-M) sérica pelo teste quantitativo automatizado no aparelho MINI- VIDAS (BioMérieux®) e imunofenotipagem em citômetro de fluxo Beckman Coulter® EPICS XL-MCL (Coulter). Em seguida, foi coletado pela punção da medula óssea o aspirado para o mielograma e 4 a 5 ml, em 2 ml de heparina, para a avaliação citogenética por banda–G. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando os programas estatísticos Biostat 4.0 e GraphPad Prism (versão 5.0), o teste Coeficiente de Phi e o teste Coeficiente de Contingencia C. Os testes de Fisher e Qui-quadrado com índice de significância α = 5%. Kaplan-Meier para função de sobrevivência e o teste log rank. Os resultados foram gerados usando o software livre R, versão 2.7. Resultados: Os pacientes (74,42%) tinham idade acima de 60 anos; 58,14% homens e 41,86% mulheres; a maioria (32,56%) trabalhava na agricultura; pardos (74,42%), procedentes da capital (53,49%); história familiar de LLC desconhecida (46,51%); sintomáticos ao diagnóstico (53,49%); com comorbidades (hipertenção arterial e Diabetes Melitus) (51,16%); estágio 0 (34,89%), I e II (51,16%), III e IV (13,95%) de Rai; A (44,19%), B (44,19%) e C (11,62%) de Binet ; tempo de duplicação linfocitára (TDL) ausente (81,40%); biópsia da medula óssea com padrão não difuso (57,14%); a desidrogenase láctica (LDH) normal (83,72%), avaliados ao diagnóstico. Os exames obtidos durante a evolução dos pacientes revelaram um perfil imunofenotípico clássico de LLC- B, com expressão de CD5+, CD19+, CD23+ e imunoglobulina de superfície de baixa expressão; a maioria com Zap-70 negativa (77,50%); expressão de CD38 negativa (73,81%); ß2-M aumentada (55,81%); cariótipo normal (44,4%) e alterações genéticas em 11, 11% pela citogenética clássica. As curvas de sobrevidas dos pacientes com Zap-70 e CD38 negativos apresentaram maior tempo de sobrevida livre de tratamento. Conclusão:Os pacientes avaliados eram idosos, com tendêndia ao diagnostico tardio decorrente do contexto socioeconômico; apresentaram LLC indolente, pelos critérios de estadiamentos clássicos (Rai, Binet, TDL, padrão da histologia da medula óssea, LDH) e biológicos (as expressões da Zap-70 e CD38), exceção à ß2-M, porém, sem significância. Aqueles com Zap-70 e CD38 negativos apresentaram maior sobrevida livre de tratamento. Pacientes do sexo masculino apresentaram evolução e prognóstico semelhantes ao feminino. O tratamento prevalente foi clorambucil associado à prednisona e não levou os pacientes à remissão clínica ou hematológica. Os marcadores de prognósticos tenderam à correlação na identificação dos pacientes dentro dos subgrupos de riscos.
Hadife, Nader. "Interleukine-24 : rôle immunologique et mécanismes d'induction de mort cellulaire dans les lymphocytes B." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0018/document.
Full textWe have previously shown that Interleukin(IL)-24 a class-II cytokine of the IL-10 family has cytostatic and cytotoxic properties on normal and malignant human B-cells previously engaged into the cell cycle, but not on quiescent B-cells. IL-24 also inhibits the differentiation of germinal center B-cells in plasma cells in an in vitro model; the later was used to compare for the first time the transcriptome of B-cells cultured or not with IL-24 for 6 and 36h. Several "early" transcripts involved in DNA metabolism and replication were inhibited whereas that of Igf1 a molecule described as a B-cell growth factor was induced. We show herein that IgF1 has instead a proapoptotic role on B-cells at physiological concentrations. In contrast, several genes of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway were stimulated after 36h. This expression pattern was also found in CLL cells whether they were "IgVH mutated" or "unmutated", albeit with distinct kinetics from normal B-cells. In addition several genes belonging to the immune synapse and innate immunity were regulated by IL-24. These results disclose additional, possibly immunoregulatory properties, for IL-24 than its already described cytostatic and potentially anti-tumoral effects
Lopes, Ana Alexandra Festas. "Estudo funcional das células T de gânglio normal/reativo e com doença linfoproliferativa crónica de células B." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16768.
Full textAs doenças linfoproliferativas crónicas de células B são um grupo heterogéneo de entidades que representam cerca de 80-90% de todas as síndromes linfoproliferativas crónicas, nas quais podem ser observadas uma proliferação clonal de linfócitos B. Amostras de biópsia de gânglio linfático podem ser usadas para o diagnóstico destas doenças. Os gânglios linfáticos são o local adequado para as interações entre as células B e as células T e para ocorrer uma resposta imune. Neste sentido, é esperado que, na presença de células B malignas, com uma capacidade diferente para interagir com as células T, estas irão responder de uma forma diferente. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na análise numérica e funcional das células T, nomeadamente de células T ativadas, células T reguladoras, Th/c17 e Thc/1, bem como, das células NK e quantificação de monócitos e células dendríticas. Foram analisadas dezanove amostras de biópsia de gânglio linfático, sete normais/reativas, cinco com linfoma linfocítico/LLC-B e sete com linfomas Não- Hodgkin B. Quantificou-se as subpopulações de células T CD4 e CD8; Th/c17; Th/c1; Tregs; células T ativadas através da citometria de fluxo, e após purificação das células TCD4 e TCD8, procedeu-se à quantificação da expressão de mRNA para os genes IL2 e IL10. Os nossos resultados mostraram um aumento das células Treg bem como, um decréscimo das células Th/c17 e Th/c1 no grupo com linfomas linfocíticos/LLC-B e no grupo com LNH-B. Relativamente à expressão génica, verificou-se uma diminuição de IL2 e um aumento de IL10 tanto para as células T CD4, como para as células T CD8 no grupo com linfomas linfocíticos/LLC-B e no grupo com LNH-B. Os resultados, embora preliminares, devido ao reduzido números de amostras estudadas, apontam para alterações significativas fenotípicas e funcionais nas células T e NK dos gânglios linfáticos com infiltração por células B patológicas, o que sugere diferenças ao nível da resposta imune anti-tumoral, que podem contribuir para o prognóstico destas entidades.
B cells Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases are a heterogeneous group of entities representing about 80-90% of all chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes, in which can be observed a clonal proliferation of B lymphocytes. Lymph node biopsy samples may be used to diagnosis of these diseases. Lymph nodes are suitable location for the interaction between B cells and T cells and an immune response to occur. Therefore, it is expected that in the presence of malignant B cells with a different capacity to interact with T cells, they will respond in a different way. The objective of this study was to numerical and functional analysis of T cells, particularly of activated T cells, regulatory T cells, Th/c17 and Th/c 1, as well as quantitation of NK cells and monocytes and dendritic cells. Nineteen lymph node biopsy samples were analyzed, seven normal/reactive, five with lymphocytic lymphoma/CLL-B and seven non- Hodgkin's lymphomas. Subpopulations of CD4 and CD8 T cells; Th/c17; Th/c1 Tregs; and T cells activated by flow cytometry were quantitated. After purification of CD4 and CD8 T cells, we proceeded to quantify the expression of mRNA for IL-2 and IL-10 genes. Our results showed an increase of Treg cells as well as a decrease in Th/ c17 cells and Th/c1 in the group with lymphocytic lymphoma/B-CLL and NHL-B group. For the gene expression, there was a decrease in IL2 and an increase of IL10 both CD4 T cells, as for CD8 T cells in the group with lymphocytic lymphomas/B-CLL and NHL-B group. The results, although preliminary, due to the small number of samples analyzed, indicate phenotypic and functional significant changes in the T and NK cells from lymph nodes with infiltration by pathological B-cells, suggesting differences in anti-tumor immune response, which may contribute to the prognosis of these entities.
França, Flavia Dayrell. "Avaliação do envolvimento da via de sinalização PKA na nefrotoxicidade causada pela Anfotericina B e Ciclosporina utilizando linhagens celulares LLC-PK1 e MDCK." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9DKFMN.
Full textAnfotericina B (antifúngico) e Ciclosporina (imunossupressor) são fármacos muito utilizados na clínica médica, porém é comum a ocorrência de Nefrotoxicidade. A proposta do presente estudo foi avaliar o envolvimento da via de sinalização celular PKA na nefrotoxicidade causada pela Anfotericina B e Ciclosporina utilizando linhagens celulares renais: LLC-PK1 (túbulos proximais de porcos) e MDCK (túbulos distais de cães). Para tal avaliamos parâmetros envolvidos na nefrotoxicidade como: Citotoxicidade (Vermelho Neutro e MTT), Morte Celular (Citometria de Fluxo), recuperação do efeito tóxico (Vermelho Neutro), quantificação de citocinas inflamatórias, efeito vasodilatador (quantificação de óxido nítrico) e participação da via PKA (Western Blot). Os resultados mostraram que ambos os fármacos foram citotóxicos para as ambas as linhagens, como avaliado pelos testes Vermelho Neutro e MTT; e causaram fragmentação do DNA, conforme avaliado pela Citometria de Fluxo utilizando Iodeto de Propídeo. As duas linhagens celulares conseguiram se recuperar do efeito tóxico causado pela Anfotericina B e Ciclosporina, porém o tempo de recuperação varia de acordo com o fármaco utilizado e com a linhagem celular empregada. Na análise do envolvimento da via de sinalização PKA na nefrotoxicidade causada pelos fármacos, quando as células foram pré-tratadas com H89 (inibidor da via PKA) e em seguida com os fármacos, não ocorreu diferença significativa entre os grupos, conforme avaliado pelo teste Vermelho Neutro. Quando a mesma análise foi realizada utilizando a Citometria de Fluxo, nas células MDCK a inibição da via PKA diminuiu a porcentagem de morte celular ocasionada pelos mesmos. A inibição da via não afetou a capacidade de recuperação celular em nenhuma das duas linhagens. Quando avaliamos a produção de citocinas pro-inflamatórias relacionadas com o processo nefrotóxico, percebemos que a Anfotericina B estimulou a produção de IL-6 e esta foi dependente da via PKA, enquanto a Ciclosporina não alterou a produção dessa citocina. Em relação ao TNF-, os dois fármacos estimularam a produção do mesmo, mas esta não foi alterada pela inibição da via. Ambos os fármacos causaram diminuição na produção de Óxido Nítrico (substância vasodilatadora) e essa produção mostrou-se dependente da via PKA. Os resultados do Western Blot confirmaram que os dois fármacos induzem a ativação da via PKA. Assim, nossos resultados sugerem que a inibição da via PKA pode auxiliar na prevenção/diminuição da nefrotoxicidade causada pela Anfotericina B e Ciclosporina.
Silva, Flávia Amoroso Matos e. "Estudo do compartimento de linfócitos T CD4+ em pacientes com LLC-B: distribuição das subpopulações TH1, TH2, TH17 e TREG e avaliação da expressão de FAS e FASL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-24022015-082206/.
Full textB-CLL is a hematologic malignancy derived from a mature population of CD5+ Blymphocytes located in the mantle zone of the lymphoid follicles and is the most common lymphoproliferative disorders. It is a clinically heterogeneous disorder in which patients have certain frames idle for many years that can be controlled with little or no treatment. Literature reports suggest that T lymphocytes in B-CLL may be unable to initiate, sustain and complete an immune response to the malignant B cell and other antigens, and may be directly involved in tumor maintenance. The lymphocytes are activated, proliferate and polarize their response patterns to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, increasing its population and becoming able to perform their effector functions. Although the process of Th lymphocyte activation is essential for host defense, there must be a homeostatic balance, where autoreactive cells are eliminated or recurrently activated. The latter mechanism of maintenance of immune balance, gives the name of Peripheral Tolerance, and the process of activation-induced cell death (AICD) is a major mechanism for its maintenance. In this study group members of the superfamily of membrane receptors of tumor necrosis factor (tumor necrosis factor receptor, TNFR) receptors were also analyzed. The TNFR family includes many receptors, including FAS (CD95) and its ligand FasL. The central objective of this study is to investigate changes in T lymphocyte compartments as Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg as well as members of the extrinsic death pathway, FAS and FASL in CD4+ lymphocytes. The results showed that the absolute number of CD4+, CD8+ and Th1 lymphocytes is heterogeneous, with some patients showed an increase and others decrease of these cells when compared with the control group of the study. Regarding the expression of FAS and FASL results also showed heterogeneity. Thus each patient was analyzed and compared to the prognostic factors and to clinical data in each case. Much remains to be investigated, but this work has the prospects look better understanding of the role of the B-CLL CD4+ T lymphocytes, expanding the possibilities of treatment and the search for new therapeutic targets.
Chiarelli, Maria Catarina Silveira. "Perfil clínico-laboratorial e associação com fatores prognósticos de pacientes com leucemia linfocítica crônica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5964.
Full textA Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica é a principal neoplasia linfóide em adultos e se manifeta principalmente em indivíduos idosos. Por ser uma doença heterogênea, desperta grande interesse quanto ao seu prognóstico. Rai e Binet desenvolveram sistemas de estadiamento capazes de prever a evolução da doença e atualmente, a análise da expressão de CD38 e Zap- 70 tem sido investigada como fator prognóstico por indicar presença ou ausência da mutação no gene IgVH, assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o perfil clínico-laboratorial dos pacientes com Leucema Linfocítica Crônica, tomando como referência os estadiamentos clínicos de Rai e Binet e a quantificação da expressão de CD38 e Zap-70 como fatores prognóstico. Foram pesquisados 64 prontuários médicos de pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria e as variáveis consideradas foram aumento de linfonodos, presença ou ausência de hepatomegalia e/ou esplenomegalia, avaliação hematológica de sangue periférico e imunofenótipo. Os dados obtidos foram correlacionados com o estadiamento de Rai (1975) e Binet (1981), a expressão de CD38 e Zap-70 com o estádio clínico de Binet. Os resultados demonstraram que não há associação entre o estadiamento de Raí e Binet e a expressão de CD38, Zap-70 com o estadiamento clínico de Binet.
Oliveira, Mariana Lobato de 1991. "Determining the prognostic significance of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT5 signaling pathways in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia using single-cell analysis." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/23456.
Full textAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood malignancy and it is characterized by the accumulation of immature lymphoid cells within the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Approximately 85% of pediatric ALL patients have a B-cell phenotype (B-ALL), and, despite significant improvements in treatment outcome, around 10-20% still relapse. Thus, there is a clear need for new prognostic factors capable of accurately predicting response to therapy. PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT5 pathways are extensively implicated in cancer. Both cell-autonomous factors and microenvironmental cues, such as interleukin 7 (IL-7), contribute to the activation of these pathways in ALL. However, it remains to be determined whether their activation status has a prognostic value in this malignancy. In the current thesis, we proposed to tackle this issue by analyzing the phosphorylation levels of key elements of both pathways in a retrospective cohort (n=58) of pediatric B-ALL cases. Methodologically, we decided to use phospho-flow cytometry, given its potential applicability in clinical diagnostics. Overall, our results show that pediatric B-ALL samples display significant interpatient heterogeneity in the constitutive and IL-7-triggered levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT5 pathway activation. Interestingly, we found that the response to IL-7 does not correlate with the levels of IL-7 receptor α expression. Most importantly, correlation of basal activation levels of both pathways with clinical features with known prognostic value revealed that higher constitutive levels of phosphorylation of S6 on S235/236 and Akt on S473, but not on T308, are associated with higher white blood cell counts. These results suggest the existence of two independent mechanisms leading to Akt activation in ALL, with different biological outcomes. Overall, our preliminary results suggest that there is a positive association of high Akt S473 and S6 S235/236 phosphorylation levels with high risk, which is often associated with a poor prognosis
A leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) é o cancro mais frequente em crianças, apresentando um pico de incidência entre os 2 e os 5 anos de idade. Esta doença caracteriza-se pela expansão clonal descontrolada e consequente acumulação de linfócitos imaturos na medula óssea, com posterior infiltração de outros órgãos. O subtipo mais comum de LLA é a leucemia linfoblástica aguda de células B (LLA-B), constituindo cerca de 85% dos casos pediátricos e 75% dos casos adultos. Os tratamentos actuais apresentam uma elevada eficácia e aproximadamente 80% dos doentes pediátricos apresentam-se livres de doença 5 anos após o início do tratamento. Contudo, cerca de 10-20% dos doentes sofrem recidivas, frequentemente associadas a complicações a longo prazo, resultantes da elevada toxicidade dos tratamentos. Existem vários factores de prognóstico em LLA pediátrica essenciais para definir o tratamento mais adequado dos doentes, incluindo idade, contagem de leucócitos na fase de diagnóstico e presença de anomalias citogenéticas (trissomia 21 ou cromossoma de Filadélfia). Um factor de grande importância para a progressão da doença é a activação de vias de transdução de sinal fundamentais. Sabe-se, por exemplo, que mutações em elementos destas vias podem afectar a resposta dos doentes ao tratamento. No entanto, e apesar da contribuição destas vias para o desenvolvimento de LLA-B, o seu valor prognóstico não é conhecido. Importa salientar que a caracterização da activação das vias de transdução de sinal à data do diagnóstico poderá auxiliar na escolha de terapias mais específicas, com consequente aumento da eficácia e diminuição da toxicidade do tratamento. As vias de sinalização PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT5 têm sido amplamente implicadas em cancro de um modo geral e, em particular, em LLA. A via PI3K/Akt/mTOR encontra-se constitutivamente hiperactivada em doentes pediátricos com leucemia linfoblástica aguda de células T (LLA-T), promovendo a viabilidade das células leucémicas. Foi também demonstrado que esta via é activada pela citocina IL-7 (que se encontra presente no microambiente tumoral), modulando a resistência das células leucémicas face à quimioterapia. A corroborar este facto, diferentes estudos indicam que a citocina IL-7 é capaz de modular, tanto in vitro como in vivo, a resposta das células de LLA-B a inibidores farmacológicos de mTOR (Rapamicina). Existe igualmente evidência a nível genético que apoia um possível valor prognóstico para esta via em LLA. Vários estudos realizados em LLA-T mostram que mutações ou delecções que levam à inactivação do principal regulador negativo da via, o supressor tumoral PTEN, estão associadas a um pior prognóstico. Este regulador pode ainda estar sujeito a inactivação pós-tradução, um processo bastante frequente tanto em LLA-T como em LLA-B. Tal como a via PI3K/Akt/mTOR, a via de sinalização JAK/STAT5 é activada em resposta a estimulação com IL-7, ou quando o receptor desta citocina, IL-7R, se encontra constitutivamente activado devido a mutações. O principal papel desta via no desenvolvimento de LLA-B tem sido maioritariamente demonstrado pela activação constitutiva do factor de transcrição STAT5 a jusante da translocação BCR-ABL. Doentes com esta translocação, conhecidos como Filadélfia-positivos, apresentavam outrora muito mau prognóstico, uma situação resolvida com a inclusão no tratamento de terapias direccionadas especificamente para BCR-ABL, entre as quais o Imatinib foi o primeiro exemplo. Tendo em conta as razões acima descritas, o principal objectivo desta tese é determinar, pela primeira vez, se o estado de activação das vias de sinalização PI3K/Akt/mTOR e JAK/STAT5 tem valor prognóstico em LLA-B pediátrica. Para responder a esta questão, avaliaram-se os níveis de fosforilação de elementos chave de cada uma das vias de transdução de sinal num grupo retrospectivo (n=58) de casos pediátricos de LLA-B provenientes do Departamento de Pediatria do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG). Para determinar o estado de activação de PI3K/Akt/mTOR analisaram-se os níveis de fosforilação de Akt e de S6, um alvo de mTOR; quanto à segunda via, JAK/STAT5, avaliou-se o nível de fosforilação de STAT5. Estes níveis foram medidos tanto basalmente como após estimulação com IL-7, utilizando citometria de fluxo (phosphoflow cytometry). Posteriormente, e uma vez que dispomos dos dados clínicos de todos os doentes utilizados neste estudo, correlacionaram-se os valores de fosforilação obtidos com os parâmetros clínicos com valor prognóstico, tais como idade, contagem de leucócitos à data do diagnóstico e doença residual mínima após a terapia de indução. Correlacionaramse, também, com o estado de maturação de LLA-B (classificação de EGIL), com o objectivo de melhor compreender a biologia da doença. Adicionalmente a esta análise molecular, procedeu-se a uma análise funcional onde se avaliou a sensibilidade de cada amostra primária à citocina IL-7, medindo parâmetros como a viabilidade e a proliferação das células primárias em resposta à IL-7. Mediram-se, ainda, os níveis de expressão da subunidade α do IL-7R (IL-7Rα) nestas amostras, com o intuito de os correlacionar tanto com os resultados moleculares como com os funcionais. É importante referir que a metodologia phospho-flow cytometry foi seleccionada tendo por base a enorme quantidade de informação passível de ser obtida através da análise de uma única célula, e também por facilmente poder ser introduzida como técnica de diagnóstico em contexto clínico num futuro próximo. Na verdade, a técnica de citometria de fluxo já é actualmente utilizada na clínica para proceder à sub- lassificação dos doentes com LLA com base no imunofenótipo das células. Tendo em conta os nossos resultados, demonstrou-se que as amostras pediátricas de LLA-B são bastante heterogéneas no que diz respeito aos níveis de activação constitutiva das vias de transdução de sinal PI3K/Akt/mTOR e JAK/STAT5. Verificou-se, também, que a estimulação com IL-7 induz um aumento de activação de ambas as vias, embora com grande variabilidade entre as amostras. Quanto à análise funcional, e em concordância com o que já se tinha observado, a maioria das amostras primárias é sensível à estimulação com IL-7, traduzindo-se num aumento de viabilidade e proliferação celular. No que diz respeito aos níveis de expressão do IL-7Rα, também eles bastante variáveis, verificou-se que os mesmos não se correlacionam com os resultados moleculares e/ou funcionais. Isto é, níveis elevados de expressão do receptor não se traduzem necessariamente em maior activação das vias após estimulação com IL-7, nem num maior aumento de viabilidade ou proliferação celular. Para terminar, procedeu-se à correlação dos níveis de activação de ambas as vias de sinalização, tanto basais como após estimulação com IL-7, com as características clínicas anteriormente mencionadas. Não se encontrou nenhuma correlação significativa quando os níveis de activação foram comparados com a idade, o estado de maturação ou a doença residual mínima. Curiosamente, níveis basais elevados de fosforilação de S6 nas serinas 235 e 236 e de Akt na serina 473 (mas não na treonina 308) correlacionam-se com níveis elevados de leucócitos no diagnóstico que, por sua vez, estão associados a um risco elevado. Compararam-se, também, os níveis de expressão do IL-7Rα com os mesmos parâmetros clínicos e, embora não se tenha encontrado nenhuma associação significativa, existe uma tendência para níveis elevados de expressão em crianças com idade igual ou superior a 10 anos, normalmente associada a um pior prognóstico. Concluindo, estes resultados, embora preliminares, parecem sugerir uma possível associação entre níveis elevados de fosforilação de S6 (serinas 235 e 236) e Akt (serina 473) e risco elevado, que se encontra normalmente associado a um mau prognóstico. O facto de esta correlação apenas abranger a fosforilação de Akt na serina 473, e não a na treonina 308, aponta para possível existência de dois mecanismos de activação de Akt em LLA, afectando diferencialmente os dois resíduos com consequências biológicas distintas. É nossa intenção repetir as análises realizadas neste estudo num maior número de amostras primárias, com o objectivo de validar as conclusões apresentadas nesta tese.
Valença, Catarina de Jesus Mesquita. "Nova abordagem técnica no estudo citogenético da leucemia linfocítica crónica-B." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9117.
Full textA leucemia linfocítica crónica B (LLC-B) é a forma de leucemia mais prevalente no hemisfério Ocidental, afetando sobretudo indivíduos adultos, com idade superior a 65 anos. É uma doença clonal linfoproliferativa, caracterizada pela proliferação anormal e acumulação de linfócitos B neoplásicos nos tecidos sanguíneos, órgãos linfáticos e medula óssea. A análise citogenética desempenha um papel muito importante no estudo desta patologia, uma vez que a deteção de alterações cromossómicas específicas tem implicações prognósticas e terapêuticas. Para a análise citogenética destas amostras é necessário a realização de culturas com estimuladores de linfócitos B. O estimulador normalmente utilizado para a obtenção de metafases é o 1,2-Otetradecanoilforbol-13-acetato (TPA), que deteta alterações cromossómicas em 40 a 50% dos casos por citogenética convencional. Recentemente, novos estimuladores, como o oligodesoxinucleótido GpG-DSP30 (DSP30) e a Interleucina (IL-2) foram aplicados às culturas celulares com o objetivo de melhorar o número de metafases e a taxa de deteção de anomalias cromossómicas. O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de citogenética molecular, nomeadamente a técnica hibridação in situ por fluorescência (FISH), vieram prestar um grande contributo para o estudo da LLC-B, permitindo a deteção de anomalias em 80% dos casos. O objetivo desta dissertação consiste na implementação do protocolo mais eficaz na estimulação das células com LLC-B. Para atingir os objetivos, foram testados vários protocolos, onde se aplicaram dois estimulares (DSP30 e IL-2), com diferentes concentrações, isoladamente e em combinação. Foi ainda aplicado, em simultâneo, o estimulador convencional (TPA). A combinação dos três estimuladores (TPA/DSP30/IL-2), foi também testada. Para cada protocolo foi realizada a citogenética convencional e a FISH. As culturas estimuladas com os dois ou os três estimuladores em simultâneo (DSP30/IL-2 (2 µM; 0,2 µg/mL) ou com TPA/DSP30/IL-2 (20 ng/mL; 2 µM; 0,2 µg/mL)) permitiram a obtenção de um maior número de metafases e de metafases com melhor qualidade (cromossomas mais alongados e com melhor resolução de bandas), quando comparados com as culturas estimuladas só com TPA (20 ng/mL). Verificou-se ainda que a aplicação destes estimuladores aumentou a taxa de deteção de alterações cromossómicas, nomeadamente, de novos rearranjos e de cariótipos complexos. A técnica FISH, foi útil na deteção de deleções submicroscópicas, não detetadas pela citogenética convencional. Em suma, o protocolo para o estudo de doentes com LLC-B deve incluir uma das seguintes combinações mitogénicas: DSP30/IL-2 (2 µM; 0,2 µg/mL) ou TPA/DSP30/IL-2 (20 ng/mL; 2 µM; 0,2 µg/mL). O estudo citogenético desta patologia deve abranger a citogenética convencional e a FISH, uma vez que estas técnicas desempenham um papel complementar no diagnóstico e prognóstico de doentes com LLC-B.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B (B-CLL) is the most prevalent form of leukemia in the Western Hemisphere, primarily affecting adult individuals over the age of 65 years. It is a lymphoproliferative clonal disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes in blood tissues, lymphatic organs and bone marrow. Cytogenetic analysis plays a very important role in the study of this pathology, since the detection of specific chromosomal alterations has prognostic and therapeutic implications. For the cytogenetic analysis of these samples it is necessary to perform cultures with B-lymphocyte stimulators. The stimulator commonly used to obtain metaphases is 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which detects chromosomal changes in 40 to 50% of cases by conventional cytogenetics. Recently, new stimulators, such as CpG-oligonucleotide DSP30 (DSP30) and Interleukin (IL-2) were applied to cell cultures with the aim of improve number of metaphases and a rate of detection of chromosomal abnormalities. The development of new molecular cytogenetic techniques, namely fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), have made a great contribution to the study of B-CLL, allowing the detection of anomalies in 80% of the cases. The purpose of this dissertation is to implement the most efficient protocol for the stimulation of cells with B-CLL. In order to achieve the objectives, several protocols were tested, in which two stimulators (DSP30 and IL-2) were applied, with different concentrations, alone and in combination. The conventional stimulator (TPA) was also applied simultaneously. The combination of the three stimulators (TPA/DSP30/IL-2) was also tested. For each protocol, were performed conventional cytogenetics and FISH. The cultures stimulated with the two or three stimulators simultaneously (2 μM, 0,2 μg/mL) or TPA/DSP30/IL-2 (20 ng/mL, 2 μM, 0,2 μg/mL) allowed to obtain a greater number of metaphases and with better quality (more elongated chromosomes and better band resolution) compared to TPA stimulated cultures (20 ng/mL). It was also verified that the application of these stimulators increased the rate of detection of chromosomal alterations, namely, of new rearrangements and complex karyotypes. The FISH technique was useful in the detection of submicroscopic deletions not detected by conventional cytogenetics. Summarizing, the protocol for the study of patients with B-CLL should include one of the following mitogenic combinations: DSP30/IL-2 (2 μM; 0,2 μg/mL) or TPA/DSP30/IL-2 (20 ng/mL; 2 μM; 0,2 μg/mL). The cytogenetic study of this pathology should cover conventional cytogenetics and FISH, since these techniques play a complementary role in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with B-CLL.
Lin, Kuan-Hua, and 林冠華. "Advanced glycation end-product-induced effects are dependent on glycogen synthase kinase-3b/b-catenin pathway in LLC-PK1 cells." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77046539078788659704.
Full text高雄醫學大學
醫學研究所
96
Diabetic nephropathy is the complication of diabetes mellitus. In Taiwan, diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease is the 5th and 8th leading cause of death, respectively. Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, which comprise of 20-40% of the diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is characterized by the proliferation of mesangial cells in the early stage but hypertrophy of renal cell at the late stage of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the thickening of glomerular basement membrane and the accumulation of extracellular matrix leading to renal fibrosis is related of high glucose and the advanced glycation end-products (AGE) . However, the signal pathway associated with AGE in diabetic nephropathy is poorly understood. Recently, the evidence shows that Wnt pathway is associated with the formation of renal fibrosis. According to the previous studies, the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) , one of the key mediator of Wnt pathway, plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Thus, we studied the role of β-catenin, and GSK-3β in AGE-induced effects in the proximal tubule-like LLC-Pk1 cells, and their relationship to the diabetic nephropathy. We found that AGE (50, 75, 100 μg/ml) dose-dependently decreased β-catenin protein expression at 48 h incubation, but AGE did not decrease β-catenin protein expression until 48 h. Furthermore, we found that AGE (100 μg/ml) time-dependently (8-48 h) increased GSK-3β-Tyr216 (active GSK-3β) and time-dependently (4-24 h) decreased GSK-3β-Ser9 (inactive GSK-3β) protein expression. Meanwhile, AGE (100 μg/ml) activated GSK-3β kinase activity at 8-48 h. SB216763 (a GSK-3β inhibitor) attenuated AGE (100 μg/ml)-inhibited β-catenin protein expression at 48 h. SB216763 also attenuated AGE (100 μg/ml)-inhibited cell proliferation and attenuated AGE (100 μg/ml)-induced collagen production and type IV collagen protein expression at 48 h. We also found that JAk2, PI3K, MAPK, and PKC pathway inhibitor attenuated the AGE-inhibited β-catenin protein expression, but only JAk/STAT and MAPK pathway attenuated the AGE-inhibited cyclin-D1 protein expression. In immunohistochemistry experiments, we found that b-catenin level decreased in proximal tubules in 3-month STZ-induced diabetic rats and in patient with diabetic nephropathy. We concluded that AGE-inhibited cell proliferation and collagen production are dependent on GSK-3β in LLC-PK1 cells. Moreover, AGE-inhibted β-catenin and cyclin D1 protein expression are also dependent on GSK-3β. It was also the first report that b-catenin levels decreased in renal tissue of patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Piranishvili, Giorgi [Verfasser]. "Flavor physics: neutrinoproduction of resonances and semileptonic B → K, K* ll decays / vorgelegt von Giorgi Piranishvili." 2008. http://d-nb.info/997470194/34.
Full textGopee, Neera Vintra. "Involvement of sphingoid bases and their metabolites in fumonisin B₁-induced alterations in protein kinase C-mediated signaling in LLC-PK₁ cells." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/gopee%5Fneera%5Fv%5F200212%5Fphd.
Full textDirected by Raghubir P. Sharma. Includes articles submitted to Journal of biological chemistry, Biochemistry, Toxicological Sciences, and Toxicology. Includes bibliographical references.
Rentz, Sarah Suzanne. "The role of fumonisin B¹ and other inhibitors of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in the expression of p42 MAP kinase (pERK2) in LLC-PK₁ cells." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/rentz%5Fsarah%5Fs%5F200205%5Fms.
Full textDirected by Ronald Riley. Includes an article submitted to Toxicology & applied pharmacology. For abstract see http://getd.galib.uga.edu/public/rentz_sarah_s_200205_ms/rentz_sarah_s_200205_ms.pdf. Includes bibliographical references.