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Journal articles on the topic 'B.I.M'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Allegretti, F., D. Del Curto, and S. Mazza. "ADVANCED GEOMATICS AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR PRESERVING 20th CENTURY ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-63-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper discusses the relationship between advanced geomatics and Conservation Management Plan (CMP), by deepening the case of a CMP dedicated to the conservation of the 20th century architectural heritage. A number of issues have already been discussed on how the advanced survey techniques contribute to the conservation field for the last decades (e.g. Laser Scanner, HDR, GIS, intelligence vs. abundance, B.I.M, VT/IM etc.). The authors analyse pros and cons of each technique with respect to the main purposes of a CMP: 1.knowledge, 2.value assessment, 3.data sharing and dissemination of results, 4.support for conservation and restoration activities, 5.support for the planned conservation of buildings / facility management over time. With respect to the research on the CMP for the National Art Schools of Havana, the conclusions focus on the need to share results to non-specialist stakeholders, and on the possibility to combine different scales of analysis and a plurality of buildings with various levels of interest and conservation needs.</p>

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2

Baum, M. "B.I.G. — is beautiful." European Journal of Cancer 36, no. 14 (September 2000): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00168-4.

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3

Englisch, H., V. Mastropietro, and B. Tirozzi. "The B.A.M. Storage Capacity." Journal de Physique I 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1995116.

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4

Costa, Jesus Adjalma. "Plate vibriations using B.E.M." Applied Mathematical Modelling 12, no. 1 (February 1988): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-904x(88)90026-1.

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5

Kishbaugh, Justin R. "The Notorious B.I.G.: A Biography." Popular Music and Society 32, no. 5 (December 2009): 668–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007760902786157.

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6

Blamey, R. "B.I.G. — brother is watching you?" European Journal of Cancer 36, no. 14 (September 2000): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00167-2.

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7

Kanjo, A. I. "Improving estimates in B.I.B. designs." Statistics & Probability Letters 12, no. 2 (August 1991): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7152(91)90063-w.

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8

Kakuda, Thomas N., Samantha Abel, John Davis, Julia Hamlin, Monika Schöller-Gyüre, Rebecca Mack, Noella Ndongo, et al. "Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Maraviroc with Darunavir-Ritonavir, Etravirine, and Etravirine-Darunavir-Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers: Results of Two Drug Interaction Trials." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 5 (March 7, 2011): 2290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01046-10.

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ABSTRACTThe effects of darunavir-ritonavir at 600 and 100 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) alone, 200 mg of etravirine b.i.d. alone, or 600 and 100 mg of darunavir-ritonavir b.i.d. with 200 mg etravirine b.i.d. at steady state on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of maraviroc, and vice versa, in healthy volunteers were investigated in two phase I, randomized, two-period crossover studies. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. Coadministration of 150 mg maraviroc b.i.d. with darunavir-ritonavir increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC12) for maraviroc 4.05-fold relative to 150 mg of maraviroc b.i.d. alone. Coadministration of 300 mg maraviroc b.i.d. with etravirine decreased the maraviroc AUC12by 53% relative to 300 mg maraviroc b.i.d. alone. Coadministration of 150 mg maraviroc b.i.d. with etravirine-darunavir-ritonavir increased the maraviroc AUC123.10-fold relative to 150 mg maraviroc b.i.d. alone. Maraviroc did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of etravirine, darunavir, or ritonavir. Short-term coadministration of maraviroc with darunavir-ritonavir, etravirine, or both was generally well tolerated, with no safety issues reported in either trial. Maraviroc can be coadministered with darunavir-ritonavir, etravirine, or etravirine-darunavir-ritonavir. Maraviroc should be dosed at 600 mg b.i.d. with etravirine in the absence of a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) (i.e., a boosted protease inhibitor) or at 150 mg b.i.d. when coadministered with darunavir-ritonavir with or without etravirine.

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9

Meyer, Charles. "FORTY-FIVE MINUTES OF MOZART, B.I.D.?" AJN, American Journal of Nursing 92, no. 2 (February 1992): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199202000-00004.

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10

Seibert, F. J., B. Schatz, W. Grechenig, M. Kaimbacher, M. Gerstenberger, and N. P. Tesch. "Bone Injection Gun (B.I.G.) im Test." Der Notarzt 17, no. 5 (October 2001): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-17615.

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11

Ullmann, A. J., O. A. Cornely, A. Burchardt, R. Hachem, D. P. Kontoyiannis, K. Töpelt, R. Courtney, et al. "Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of Posaconazole in Patients with Persistent Febrile Neutropenia or Refractory Invasive Fungal Infection." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 2 (February 2006): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.2.658-666.2006.

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ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetic profiles, safety, and efficacies of different dosing schedules of posaconazole oral suspension in patients with possible, probable, and proven refractory invasive fungal infection (rIFI) or febrile neutropenia (FN) were evaluated in a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group study. Sixty-six patients with FN and 32 patients with rIFI were randomly assigned to one of three posaconazole regimens: 200 mg four times a day (q.i.d.) for nine doses, followed by 400 mg twice a day (b.i.d.); 400 mg q.i.d. for nine doses, followed by 600 mg b.i.d.; or 800 mg b.i.d. for five doses, followed by 800 mg once a day (q.d.). Therapy was continued for up to 6 months in patients with rIFI or until neutrophil recovery occurred in patients with FN. The 400-mg-b.i.d. dose provided the highest overall mean exposure, with 135% (P = 0.0004) and 182% (P < 0.0001) greater exposure than the 600-mg-b.i.d. and 800-mg-q.d. doses, respectively. However, exposure in allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients (n = 12) was 52% lower than in non-BMT patients. Treatment-related adverse events (occurring in 24% of patients) were mostly gastrointestinal in nature. Twenty-four percent of patients had adverse events leading to premature discontinuation (none were treatment related). In efficacy-evaluable patients, successful clinical response was observed in 43% with rIFI (56% of patients receiving 400 mg b.i.d., 17% receiving 600 mg b.i.d., and 50% receiving 800 mg q.d.) and 77% with FN (74% receiving 400 mg b.i.d., 78% receiving 600 mg b.i.d., and 81% receiving 800 mg q.d.). Posaconazole is well tolerated and absorbed. Divided doses of 800 mg (400 mg b.i.d.) provide the greatest posaconazole exposure.

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12

Boyd, G., AH Morice, JC Pounsford, M. Siebert, N. Peslis, and C. Crawford. "An evaluation of salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." European Respiratory Journal 10, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10040815.

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The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy and safety of salmeterol xinafoate (50 and 100 microg b.i.d.) with that of placebo, when added to existing therapy, in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six hundred and seventy four patients were randomized to receive either salmeterol 50 microg b.i.d., salmeterol 100 microg b.i.d., or placebo treatment for a period of 16 weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in daily symptom scores noted for patients taking either 50 microg (p=0.043) or 100 microg b.i.d. salmeterol (p=0.01) compared with placebo, with a corresponding decrease in additional daytime salbutamol requirements for both salmeterol groups. The same pattern was reflected for night-time symptoms and additional salbutamol use. During treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) measurements improved significantly in each salmeterol group, with up to a 7% improvement observed at the end of the study. Although no difference was observed between treatment groups for the distance walked in 6 min, patients treated with salmeterol 50 microg b.i.d. were significantly less breathless than those treated with placebo after their 6 min walk, after 8 weeks (p=0.024) and 16 weeks (p=0.004) of therapy. Adverse events were similar in all three groups except for tremor, which was significantly higher in the 100 microg b.i.d. salmeterol group (p=0.005) compared both with 50 microg b.i.d. salmeterol and placebo. Salmeterol offered further positive improvement to the effect of therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when added to their existing regimens. This clinical improvement was similar both with 50 and 100 microg b.i.d. dosage, although the group receiving 50 microg b.i.d. tolerated the drug better than those receiving 100 microg b.i.d. salmeterol.

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13

Kuo, Chia-Jung, Chun-Wei Chen, Puo-Hsien Le, Jun-Te Hsu, Cheng-Yu Lin, Hao-Tsai Cheng, Ming-Yao Su, Chun-Jung Lin, and Cheng-Tang Chiu. "Efficacy of dexlansoprazole-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infections." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 12 (January 2019): 175628481987096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284819870960.

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Background: Dexlansoprazole has been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, there is a paucity of data about its efficacy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexlansoprazole for H. pylori eradication as triple therapy in real-world practice. Methods: Adult patients with endoscopically proven H. pylori related peptic ulcer diseases or gastritis were recruited for this study. The eradication status was assessed based on the results of the 13C-urea breath test performed 4 weeks after treatment. According to the different treatment regimens, the patients were allocated to group A: Esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. + amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. + clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. for 7 days; group B: Esomeprazole 40 mg q.d. + amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. + clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. for 7 days, or group C: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg q.d. + amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. + clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. for 7 days. Results: A total of 215 patients (49% males) were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 55 years. The eradication rates in group A, B, and C were 94.7% (71/75), 89.6% (69/77), and 93.7% (59/63) ( p = 0.457), respectively. The adverse events were similar between the three groups ( p = 0.068). Conclusions: This study suggests that dexlansoprazole-based triple therapy has an acceptable eradication rate for H. pylori infection.

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14

Stein, Mark A., Thomas A. Blondis, Eugene R. Schnitzler, Tara O'Brien, Julie Fishkin, Brad Blackwell, Emily Szumowski, and Nancy J. Roizen. "Methylphenidate Dosing: Twice Daily Versus Three Times Daily." Pediatrics 98, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 748–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.4.748.

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Objective. To evaluate the short-term efficacy and side effects associated with two methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) dosing patterns. Methods. Twenty-five boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in a 5-week, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover evaluation of MPH administered twice (b.i.d.) versus thrice (t.i.d.) per day (mean dose 8.8 ± 5 mg, .30 ± .1 mg/kg/dose). Four dosing conditions (placebo, titration [gradual increase to target dose], b.i.d., and t.i.d.) were used. Dependent measures obtained on a weekly basis included: parent and teacher ratings of child behavior, parent-child conflicts, parent report of stimulant side effects, child self-report of mood symptoms, a sleep log, laboratory measures of attention, and actigraphic recording of sleep activity. Results. All dosing conditions resulted in significant effects on ADHD symptoms when compared with baseline. Relative to placebo, t.i.d. dosing was characterized by improvement on the greatest number of behavioral measures, and both b.i.d. and t.i.d. were generally more effective than titration. Direct comparisons of b.i.d. and t.i.d. dosing revealed that t.i.d. was associated with greater improvement on the Conners Parent Rating Scale Impulsivity/Hyperactivity factor, with a similar marginally significant effect for the ADD-H Teacher Rating Scale Hyperactivity factor. The analysis of clinically significant change favored a three-times-a-day dosing schedule over placebo on both parent and teacher ratings of impulsivity/hyperactivity and attention. Compared with placebo, appetite suppression was rated, on average, as more severe in the t.i.d. and titration conditions, but not in the b.i.d condition. However, the number of subjects who exhibited any or severe appetite suppression did not differ significantly between the b.i.d. and t.i.d. schedules. Although there was no difference in sleep duration for children on b.i.d. and t.i.d. schedules, total sleep time appeared to decrease slightly on t.i.d. relative to placebo according to both parent ratings and actigraphic assessment. There were no significant differences between b.i.d. and t.i.d. on any other side effects or sleep variables. Conclusions. For many children with ADHD, t.i.d. dosing may be optimal. There are few differences in acute side effects between b.i.d and t.i.d. MPH dosing. The dosing schedule should be selected according to the severity and time course of ADHD symptoms rather than in anticipation of dosing schedule-related side effects.

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15

Hagen, Eric. "Bergman at B.A.M.: A Perspective of Stage Space." Theatre Topics 2, no. 1 (1992): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tt.2010.0033.

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16

Savarino, Vincenzo, Giuseppe Sandro Mela, and Sergio Vigneri. "Nocturnal Acid Breakthrough in Subjects Taking PPI b.i.d." American Journal of Gastroenterology 94, no. 2 (February 1999): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00536.x.

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17

Garrido, J. A., A. Foces, and F. Paris. "B.E.M. applied to receding contact problems with friction." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 15, no. 3-5 (1991): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(91)90060-k.

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18

Gutkowski, A., J. Del Carpio, B. Gelinas, J. Schulz, and Y. Turenne. "Comparative Study of the Efficacy, Tolerance and Side-Effects of Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate 6 Mg B.I.D. with Terfenadine 60 Mg B.I.D." Journal of International Medical Research 13, no. 5 (September 1985): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006058501300507.

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19

Sieg, A., M. Sellinger, D. Schlauch, and M. Hörner. "Short-term triple therapy with lansoprazole 15 mg b.i.d. vs. 30 mg b.i.d., Amoxicillin and clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori." Gastroenterology 114 (April 1998): A288—A289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)81174-8.

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20

Fonseca, Walter, Kalle Hoppu, Luís C. Rey, João Amaral, and Shamim Qazi. "Comparing Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin Given Twice or Three Times per Day to Children Older than 3 Months with Pneumonia." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 3 (March 2003): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.3.997-1001.2003.

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ABSTRACT For children with ambulatory pneumonia, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral amoxicillin (15 mg/kg of body weight/dose) thrice daily (t.i.d.) or oral cotrimoxazole (4 mg of trimethoprim/kg/dose) twice daily (b.i.d.). The more frequent amoxicillin dosing may lead to compliance problems. To compare the pharmacokinetics and levels of amoxicillin in plasma in the current WHO acute respiratory infection recommendations with the 25-mg/kg/dose b.i.d. regimen, we performed a two-group parallel study of 66 children ages 3 to 59 months with pneumonia. Amoxicillin was given orally at 25 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. or 15 mg/kg/dose t.i.d. Amoxicillin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after the first dose on days 1 and 3. After the first dose on day 1, the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for amoxicillin after the 25-mg/kg dose was 54.7 versus 24.9 μg · h/ml after the 15-mg/kg dose. After the first dose on day 3, the mean AUC was 44.1 versus 28.5 μg · h/ml. All but two children had plasma amoxicillin concentrations above 0.5 μg/ml for >50% of the dose interval on both days. Six children on day 1 and five children on day 3 had concentrations above 1.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval. On day 1, 16 of 27 children in the b.i.d. group and 11 of 26 children in the t.i.d. group had concentrations that were above 2.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval, and on day 3, 18 of 31 children in the b.i.d. group and 8 of 31 children in the t.i.d. group had concentrations that were above 2.0 μg/ml for <50% of the dose interval. Amoxicillin b.i.d. is a feasible alternative for t.i.d. dosing. To lengthen the time above the MIC at higher concentration levels, a 30- to 40-mg/kg/dose b.i.d. should be considered instead of the 25 mg/kg/dose used in this study.

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21

Bernstein, Jonathan A., Bruce Prenner, Berrylin J. Ferguson, Jay Portnoy, William J. Wheeler, and Harry J. Sacks. "Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Reformulated Azelastine Nasal Spray in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 23, no. 5 (September 2009): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3396.

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Background Azelastine nasal spray is a topical antihistamine with a distinctive taste that may be objectionable to some patients. The primary objectives of this clinical trial were (1) to determine if a reformulated azelastine nasal spray (Astepro) with sucralose as a taste-masking agent provides comparable efficacy to the original formulation (Astelin) and (2) to evaluate dose–response relationships between groups. Methods Eight hundred thirty-five patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomized to six treatment groups: (1) original azelastine nasal spray, 1 spray/nostril b.i.d.; (2) reformulated azelastine, 1 spray/nostril b.i.d.; (3) placebo, 1 spray/nostril b.i.d.; (4) original azelastine nasal spray, 2 sprays/nostril b.i.d., (5) reformulated, 2 sprays/nostril b.i.d.; and (6) placebo, 2 sprays/nostril b.i.d. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline to day 14 in total nasal symptom score (TNSS) consisting of runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose, and nasal congestion. Results Original azelastine nasal spray and the reformulated spray produced comparable improvements in the TNSS at both dosages. There was a dose-related difference in TNSS comparing the 1- and 2-spray dosages. The percentage changes from baseline in the TNSS in the 2-sprays/nostril dosage groups were 27.9% (p < 0.001) with the reformulated nasal spray, 23.5% (p < 0.01) with the original formulation, and 15.4% with placebo. The incidence of bitter taste was 7% with the reformulated spray and 8% with the original at the 2-sprays/nostril dosage. Conclusion The results of this study showed efficacy both with original azelastine nasal spray and with the reformulated nasal spray and a clear dose–response difference between the 1- and 2-spray dosages.

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22

Hurwitz, Selwyn J., Ghazia Asif, Emilie Fromentin, Phillip M. Tharnish, and Raymond F. Schinazi. "Lack of Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Amdoxovir and Reduced- and Standard-Dose Zidovudine in HIV-1-Infected Individuals." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 3 (December 28, 2009): 1248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01209-09.

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ABSTRACT Amdoxovir (AMDX) inhibits HIV-1 containing the M184V/I mutation and is rapidly absorbed and deaminated to its active metabolite, β-d-dioxolane guanosine (DXG). DXG is synergistic with zidovudine (ZDV) in HIV-1-infected primary human lymphocytes. A recent in silico pharmacokinetic (PK)/enzyme kinetic study suggested that ZDV at 200 mg twice a day (b.i.d.) may reduce toxicity without compromising efficacy relative to the standard 300-mg b.i.d. dose. Therefore, an intense PK clinical study was conducted using AMDX/placebo, with or without ZDV, in 24 subjects randomized to receive oral AMDX at 500 mg b.i.d., AMDX at 500 mg plus ZDV at 200 or 300 mg b.i.d., or ZDV at 200 or 300 mg b.i.d. for 10 days. Full plasma PK profiles were collected on days 1 and 10, and complete urine sampling was performed on day 9. Plasma and urine concentrations of AMDX, DXG, ZDV, and ZDV-5′-O-glucuronide (GZDV) were measured using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Data were analyzed using noncompartmental methods, and multiple comparisons were performed on the log-transformed parameters, at steady state. Coadministration of AMDX with ZDV did not significantly change either of the plasma PK parameters or percent recovery in the urine of AMDX, DXG, or ZDV/GZDV. Larger studies with AMDX/ZDV, with a longer duration, are warranted.

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23

Grossman, Trudy H., Timothy M. Murphy, Andrew M. Slee, Denene Lofland, and Joyce A. Sutcliffe. "Eravacycline (TP-434) Is Efficacious in Animal Models of Infection." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 5 (February 17, 2015): 2567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04354-14.

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ABSTRACTEravacycline is a novel broad-spectrum fluorocycline antibiotic being developed for a wide range of serious infections. Eravacycline was efficacious in mouse septicemia models, demonstrating 50% protective dose (PD50) values of ≤1 mg/kg of body weight once a day (q.d.) againstStaphylococcus aureus, including tetracycline-resistant isolates of methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), andStreptococcus pyogenes. The PD50values againstEscherichia coliisolates were 1.2 to 4.4 mg/kg q.d. In neutropenic mouse thigh infection models with methicillin-sensitiveS. aureus(MSSA) andS. pyogenes, eravacycline produced 2 log10reductions in CFU at single intravenous (i.v.) doses ranging from 0.2 to 9.5 mg/kg. In a neutropenic mouse lung infection model, eravacycline administered i.v. at 10 mg/kg twice a day (b.i.d.) reduced the level of tetracycline-resistant MRSA in the lung equivalent to that of linezolid given orally (p.o.) at 30 mg/kg b.i.d. At i.v. doses of 3 to 12 mg/kg b.i.d., eravacycline was more efficacious against tetracycline-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniaein a neutropenic lung infection model than linezolid p.o. at 30 mg/kg b.i.d. Eravacycline showed good efficacy at 2 to 10 mg/kg i.v. b.i.d., producing up to a 4.6 log10CFU reduction in kidney bacterial burden in a model challenged with a uropathogenicE. coliisolate. Eravacycline was active in multiple murine models of infection against clinically important Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.

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24

Lohr, W. "B.C.M. VAN HELLENBERG HUBAR u. a. (Hrsg.), Maaslands Melange." Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein 194, jg (December 1991): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/annalen-1991-jg50.

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25

Spurgeon, Steven R. "Experimental Neutron Scattering, by B.T.M. Willis and C.J. Carlile." Contemporary Physics 55, no. 3 (April 2014): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2014.907352.

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26

Rittenhouse, Stephen, Christine Singley, Jennifer Hoover, Roni Page, and David Payne. "Use of the Surgical Wound Infection Model To Determine the Efficacious Dosing Regimen of Retapamulin, a Novel Topical Antibiotic." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 11 (November 2006): 3886–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00183-06.

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ABSTRACT The effect of topically applied retapamulin ointment was evaluated using various dosing regimens in the Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes wound infection model. Retapamulin (1%, wt/wt) was efficacious using twice-daily (b.i.d.) applications for 4 or 5 days. These data underpinned the decision to evaluate 1% retapamulin b.i.d. in clinical trials.

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27

Chen, Yuh-Fang, Chang-Hao Yang, and Por T. Hung. "A Six-Week, Parallel, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the 0.5% Timolol/2.0% MK-507 Combination B.I.D. to the Concomitant Administration of 0.5% Timolol B.I.D. and 2.0% MK-507 B.I.D." Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 19, no. 5 (October 2003): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/108076803322472980.

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28

Brandes, JL, AC Poole, M. Kallela, CP Schreiber, EA MacGregor, SD Silberstein, J. Tobin, and R. Shaw. "Short-Term Frovatriptan for the Prevention of Difficult-To-Treat Menstrual Migraine Attacks." Cephalalgia 29, no. 11 (November 2009): 1133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01840.x.

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The efficacy of a 6-day regimen of frovatriptan for menstrual migraine (MM; attacks starting on day -2 to +3 of menses) prevention in women with difficult-to-treat MM was assessed. Women with a documented inadequate response to triptans for acute MM treatment were included in this placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Women were randomized to double-blind treatment for three perimenstrual periods (PMPs) with either frovatriptan 2.5 mg (q.d. or b.i.d.) or placebo initiated 2 days before anticipated MM. The efficacy analysis included 410 women with 85% completing three double-blind PMPs. The mean number of headache-free PMPs was 0.92 with frovatriptan b.i.d., 0.69 with frovatriptan q.d. and 0.42 with placebo [ P < 0.001 (b.i.d.) and P < 0.02 (q.d.) vs. placebo]. When migraine occurred, severity was reduced with frovatriptan q.d. ( P < 0.001) and b.i.d. ( P < 0.001) vs. placebo. Both frovatriptan regimens were well tolerated. In women with difficult-to-treat MM, a 6-day regimen of frovatriptan significantly reduced MM incidence and severity.

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Purkins, L., N. Wood, P. Ghahramani, K. Greenhalgh, M. J. Allen, and D. Kleinermans. "Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Voriconazole following Intravenous- to Oral-Dose Escalation Regimens." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 8 (August 2002): 2546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.8.2546-2553.2002.

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ABSTRACT In this study, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous (i.v.)- to oral-dose regimens of voriconazole were evaluated with a group of 42 healthy men, 41 of whom completed the study. Two cohorts of subjects participated in the study. Cohort 1 (n = 28) took part in two study periods, each consisting of 14 days separated by a minimum 7-day washout. In one of the periods, 14 subjects received 6 mg/kg i.v. twice a day (b.i.d.) on day 1 followed by 3 mg/kg i.v. b.i.d. on days 2 to 7 and were then switched to 200 mg orally b.i.d. for days 8 to 14. In the other period, subjects received 6 mg/kg i.v. b.i.d. on day 1 followed by 5 mg/kg i.v. b.i.d. on days 2 to 7and were then switched to 400 mg orally b.i.d. for days 8 to 14. The remaining 14 subjects in cohort 1 received a matching placebo throughout the study. In cohort 2 (n = 14), 7 subjects received 6 mg/kg i.v. b.i.d. on day 1 followed by 4 mg/kg i.v. b.i.d. on days 2 to 7 and were then switched to 300 mg orally b.i.d. for days 8 to 14. The remaining seven subjects in cohort 2 received a matching placebo. Blood samples were taken prior to dosing on days 1 to 6 and on days 8 to 13. Blood samples were drawn prior to dosing and at frequent intervals up to 12 h following the morning dose on days 7 and 14 of each study period. The samples were assayed for voriconazole by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. The maximum concentration in plasma (C max) occurred at the end of the 1-h i.v. infusion and between 1.4 and 1.8 h after oral administration. Voriconazole exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics, possibly due to saturable metabolism. For cohort 1, both C max and the area under the concentration-time curve within a dosage interval (AUCτ) increased disproportionately with dose for both i.v. and oral dosing. For i.v. dosing, a 1.7-fold increase in dose resulted in 2.4- and 3.1-fold increases in C max and AUCτ, respectively. Similarly, a 2-fold increase in oral dosing resulted in 2.8- and 3.9-fold increases in C max and AUCτ, respectively. The mean values for C max observed following oral dosing were lower than those obtained after i.v. administration, ranging from 62.7 to 89.6% of the i.v. value. After the switch from i.v. to oral dosing, most subjects achieved steady state by day 4, and mean minimum concentrations in plasma remained above clinically important MICs. The pharmacokinetic profiles for saliva followed a pattern similar to those observed for plasma; there was a highly significant correlation between plasma and saliva voriconazole concentrations (P < 0.0001). Voriconazole was well tolerated; the most commonly reported adverse events in voriconazole-treated subjects were mild to moderate headache, rash, and abnormal vision. Visual function tests detected no further abnormalities during voriconazole treatment.

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Goldberg, Lia, and Thomas J. Amrick. "Successful Eradication of Helicobacter pylori with 5-Day Concomitant Treatment." GastroHep 2022 (June 16, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1211329.

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Background. Untreated Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastrointestinal conditions including peptic ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, and gastric cancer. The ACG guidelines presently call for triple therapy consisting of a PPI, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin or metronidazole for 14 days. The ACG recommends this treatment as a first-line therapy despite the recognition of growing resistance to clarithromycin, presently upwards of 15-20%. Aims. Studied was the effectiveness of a 5-day concomitant eradication protocol. Methods. This was a retrospective study of 77 H. pylori infected, treatment naïve patients, prescribed a 5-day concomitant therapy containing levofloxacin 500 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 gm b.i.d., tinidazole 500 mg b.i.d., and esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. in our New Jersey community setting. Eradication was confirmed with C13 urea breath test. Results. In our intention-to-treat analysis of 65 patients, 54 patients (83.03%) achieved eradication confirmed by C13 urea breath testing. Conclusions. Highly efficacious eradication rates of 80-90% can be achieved with 5-day concomitant treatment (levofloxacin, esomeprazole, tinidazole, and amoxicillin) in a community practice. Our treatment protocol achieves comparable, if not better, clearance rates as compared to agents specified in the ACG consensus guidelines recommending a longer 10–14-day treatment. Additionally, our protocol resulted in better patient compliance, was more cost-effective, shorter, and was well-tolerated compared even to newer treatments, like rifabutin. Thus, these results successfully demonstrate that this 5-day b.i.d. therapy, originally identified over 20 years ago, continues to be an effective choice option and is likely superior as it has comparable clearance rates to traditional 10–14-day therapy.

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Chan, Liana C., Li Basuino, Etyene C. Dip, and Henry F. Chambers. "Comparative Efficacies of Tedizolid Phosphate, Vancomycin, and Daptomycin in a Rabbit Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 6 (March 23, 2015): 3252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04376-14.

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ABSTRACTTedizolid, the active component of the prodrug tedizolid phosphate, is a novel oxazolidinone that is approximately 4 times more active by weight than linezolid againstStaphylococcus aureusin vitro. Thein vivoefficacy of tedizolid phosphate (15 mg/kg body weight intravenous [i.v.] twice a day [b.i.d.]) was compared to those of vancomycin (30 mg/kg i.v. b.i.d.) and daptomycin (18 mg/kg i.v. once a day [q.d.]) in a rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis (AVE) caused by methicillin-resistantS. aureusstrain COL (infection inoculum of 107CFU). Median vegetation titers of daptomycin-treated rabbits were significantly lower than those of rabbits treated with tedizolid phosphate (15 mg/kg b.i.d.) (P= 0.016), whereas titers for vancomycin-treated compared to tedizolid-treated rabbits were not different (P= 0.984). The numbers of organisms in spleen and kidney tissues were similar for all treatment groups. A dose-ranging experiment was performed with tedizolid phosphate (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg b.i.d.) compared to vancomycin (30 mg/kg b.i.d.), using a higher infecting inoculum (108CFU) to determine the lowest efficacious dose of tedizolid phosphate. Tedizolid phosphate (2 mg/kg) (equivalent to 60% of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24) for the human 200-mg dose approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) was not efficacious. Tedizolid phosphate at 4 mg/kg (equivalent to 75% of the AUC0–24for the human 400-mg dose) and 8 mg/kg produced lower vegetation titers than the control, but neither was as efficacious as vancomycin.

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Di Mario, F., A. Buda, N. Dal Bò, R. De Bastiani, SA Grassi, B. Crestani, G. Battaglia, et al. "Different lansoprazole (LA) dosages in H. pylori (Hp) eradication therapy: A prospective multicenter randomized study comparing 30 MG B.I.D. vs. 15 MG B.I.D." Gastroenterology 114 (April 1998): A104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)80421-6.

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Parnes, R. "Bending of Simply-Supported Elliptic Plates: B.P.M. Solutions With Second-Order Derivative Boundary Conditions." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176090.

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A higher-order boundary perturbation method (B.P.M.) is formulated to treat a class of problems defined in an elliptic domain with associated boundary conditions expressed in terms of second-order derivatives. The method is applied to study a simply-supported elliptic plate subjected to a central lateral point load. The accuracy is investigated and the B.P.M. solution is found to yield highly accurate results for moderately elliptic domains.

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Hurwitz, Selwyn J., Ghazia Asif, Nancy M. Kivel, and Raymond F. Schinazi. "Development of an Optimized Dose for Coformulation of Zidovudine with Drugs That Select for the K65R Mutation Using a Population Pharmacokinetic and Enzyme Kinetic Simulation Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 12 (October 6, 2008): 4241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00054-08.

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ABSTRACT In vitro selection studies and data from large genotype databases from clinical studies have demonstrated that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and abacavir sulfate select for the K65R mutation in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polymerase region. Furthermore, other novel non-thymine nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors also select for this mutation in vitro. Studies performed in vitro and in humans suggest that viruses containing the K65R mutation remained susceptible to zidovudine (ZDV) and other thymine nucleoside antiretroviral agents. Therefore, ZDV could be coformulated with these agents as a “resistance repellent” agent for the K65R mutation. The approved ZDV oral dose is 300 mg twice a day (b.i.d.) and is commonly associated with bone marrow toxicity thought to be secondary to ZDV-5′-monophosphate (ZDV-MP) accumulation. A simulation study was performed in silico to optimize the ZDV dose for b.i.d. administration with K65R-selecting antiretroviral agents in virtual subjects using the population pharmacokinetic and cellular enzyme kinetic parameters of ZDV. These simulations predicted that a reduction in the ZDV dose from 300 to 200 mg b.i.d. should produce similar amounts of ZDV-5′-triphosphate (ZDV-TP) associated with antiviral efficacy (>97% overlap) and reduced plasma ZDV and cellular amounts of ZDV-MP associated with toxicity. The simulations also predicted reduced peak and trough amounts of cellular ZDV-TP after treatment with 600 mg ZDV once a day (q.d.) rather than 300 or 200 mg ZDV b.i.d., indicating that q.d. dosing with ZDV should be avoided. These in silico predictions suggest that 200 mg ZDV b.i.d. is an efficacious and safe dose that could delay the emergence of the K65R mutation.

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Back, Hyun-moon, Jong Bong Lee, Anhye Kim, Seon-Jong Park, Junyeong Kim, Jung-woo Chae, Seung Soo Sheen, et al. "Exposure-Response and Clinical Outcome Modeling of Inhaled Budesonide/Formoterol Combination in Asthma Patients." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040336.

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Exposure-response and clinical outcome (CO) model for inhaled budesonide/formoterol was developed to quantify the relationship among pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and CO of the drugs and evaluate the covariate effect on model parameters. Sputum eosinophils cationic proteins (ECP) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were selected as PD markers and asthma control score was used as a clinical outcome. One- and two-compartment models were used to describe the PK of budesonide and formoterol, respectively. The indirect response model (IDR) was used to describe the PD effect for ECP and FEV1. In addition, the symptomatic effect on the disease progression model for CO was connected with IDR on each PD response. The slope for the effect of ECP and FEV1 to disease progression were estimated as 0.00008 and 0.644, respectively. Total five covariates (ex. ADRB2 genotype etc.) were searched using a stepwise covariate modeling method, however, there was no significant covariate effect. The results from the simulation study were showed that a 1 puff b.i.d. had a comparable effect of asthma control with a 2 puff b.i.d. As a result, the 1 puff b.i.d. of combination drug could be suggested as a standardized dose to minimize the side effects and obtain desired control of disease compared to the 2 puff b.i.d.

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YAKOOB, J., W. JAFRI, Z. ABBAS, S. ABID, S. NAZ, R. KHAN, and A. KHALID. "Risk factors associated withHelicobacter pyloriinfection treatment failure in a high prevalence area." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 4 (June 7, 2010): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810001226.

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SUMMARYTriple therapy is commonly used for the treatment ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection. We determined risk factors associated with its failure in compliant patients focusing onH. pyloridensity, virulence marker and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) point mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance.H. pyloriinfection was diagnosed by14C urea breath test (14C UBT) and rapid urease test or histology. Triple therapy with esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. was prescribed for 10 days.14C UBT was repeated 4 weeks after treatment. In total, 111 patients [69 (62%) males] with a mean age of 46±16 years were enrolled. The mean age of treatment failure was 39±14 years compared to 48±16 years with eradication (P=0·002). Treatment failure was associated with younger mean age, point mutations in the23S rRNAgene ofH. pyloriandvacA s1aandm1when associated withcagAnegativity.

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Huacasi, W., W. J. Mansur, and J. P. S. Azevedo. "A novel hypersingular B.E.M. formulation for three-dimensional potential problems." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 2003): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-58782003000400008.

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Fondenco, C., V. Borrelli, M. Maresca, G. Capece, M. Ciannella, M. Giuffrè, and L. Angdsani. "Bioenterics Intragastric Ballons® (B.I.B.): Preparation for a bariatric operation." Digestive and Liver Disease 33 (November 2001): A131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(01)80675-7.

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Riseborough, Peter S., and S. Raaen. "Correlation effects in the photoemission/B.I.S. from narrow band metals." Physica Scripta 40, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/40/3/010.

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Varga, Máté, Lajos Drácz, Erik Kolbenheyer, Ferenc Varga, Árpád V. Patai, Norbert Solymosi, and Árpád Patai. "A Helicobacter pylori-fertőzés első vonalbeli megszüntetésére alkalmazott hagyományos hármas és egy új, bizmuttartalmú négyes kezelés összehasonlítása." Orvosi Hetilap 160, no. 34 (August 2019): 1340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31477.

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Abstract: Introduction and aim: As the efficacy of the first-line traditional treatment used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. p.) decreased below 75% in Hungary, a new protocol had to be created. Method: Supposing the success rate of the traditional therapy (14-day double dose of proton pump inhibitor [PPI], 1000 mg amoxicillin b.i.d., 500 mg clarithromycin b.i.d. [PAC]) to be 75% and the efficacy of the new protocol (10-day 120 mg bismuth dicitrate q.i.d., double dose PPI b.i.d., 500 mg tetracycline q.i.d. and 500 mg tinidazole b.i.d. [BQT]) to be 90%, we calculated 109 patients on each arm. Patients were recruited after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 5 endoscopic units in Vas county. The heterogeneity of groups, success rate and side effects of both therapies were evaluated by Fisher exact test; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: 110 patients were included in the BQT and 109 patients in the PAC group. There was no heterogeneity between the two groups in age, gender and indication of eradication. H. p. eradication was successful in 103/110 (93.6%) in the BQT and 81/109 (74.3%) in the PAC group (p<0.001). The odds ratio in the BQT group for successful eradication was 5.05 (95% confidence interval: 2.02–14.42) as compared to the PAC group (p<0.001). The side effects of the two groups were similar, in the BQT group the frequency was 34.5%. Conclusion: 10 day-long BQT containing double dose PPI with 120 mg bismuth dicitrate q.i.d., 500 mg tetracycline q.i.d. and 500 mg tinidazole b.i.d. is recommended as the first-line treatment for the eradication of H. p. because of its high efficacy and tolerable side effects. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(34): 1340–1345.

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Chen, Chieh-Chang, Jiing-Chyuan Luo, Yu-Jen Fang, Ji-Yuh Lee, Chia-Chi Kuo, Tsung-Hua Yang, Min-Chin Chiu, et al. "Comparison of the effect of clarithromycin triple therapy with or without N-acetylcysteine in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a randomized controlled trial." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 13 (January 2020): 175628482092730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284820927306.

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Background: Whether adjunctive N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may improve the efficacy of triple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection remains unknown. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of 14-day triple therapy with or without NAC for the first-line treatment of H. pylori. Material and methods: Between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2018, 680 patients with H. pylori infection naïve to treatment were enrolled in this multicenter, open-label, randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive triple therapy with NAC [NAC-T14, dexlansoprazole 60 mg four times daily (q.d.); amoxicillin 1 g twice daily (b.i.d.), clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., NAC 600 mg b.i.d.] for 14 days, or triple therapy alone (T14, dexlansoprazole 60 mg q.d.; amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d.) for 14 days. Our primary outcome was the eradication rates by intention to treat (ITT). Antibiotic resistance and CYP2C19 gene polymorphism were determined. Results: The ITT analysis demonstrated H. pylori eradication rates in NAC-T14 and T14 were 81.7% [276/338, 95% confidence interval (CI): 77.5–85.8%] and 84.3% (285/338, 95% CI 80.4–88.2%), respectively. In 646 participants who adhered to their assigned therapy, the eradication rates were 85.7% and 88.0% with NAC-T14 and T14 therapies, respectively. There were no differences in compliance or adverse effects. The eradication rates in subjects with clarithromycin-resistant, amoxicillin-resistant, or either clarithromycin/amoxicillin resistant strains were 45.2%, 57.9%, and 52.2%, respectively, for NAC-T14, and were 66.7%, 76.9%, and 70.0%, respectively, for T14. The efficacy of NAC-T14 and T14 was not affected by CYP2C19 polymorphism. Conclusion: Add-on NAC to triple therapy was not superior to triple therapy alone for first-line H. pylori eradication [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02249546].

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Kantarjian, Hagop, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Stefan Faderl, Jorge Cortes, Zeev Estrov, Patricia Boone, Iain Stuart, et al. "Phase I Study of Sapacitabine, an Oral Nucleoside Analogue, in Patients with Advanced Leukemias or Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.884.884.

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Abstract Background: Sapacitabine, a 2′-deoxycytidine nucleoside analogue with unique ability to cause irreparable single-strand DNA breaks and as a result induce G2 cell cycle arrest, is undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of cancer. The recommended Phase II dose (RD) in patients with advanced solid tumors was 75 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) x 7 days orally every 21 days. The major DLT was myelosuppression. Here, we present the initial results of a Phase I study of sapacitabine in patients with advanced leukemias or MDS. The primary objective was to define the MTDs of two dosing schedules, b.i.d. x 7 days orally every 21 days or b.i.d. x 3 days per week for 2 weeks every 21 days. The secondary objectives were to characterize the PK/PD effects of sapacitabine and its major metabolite CNDAC. Methods: Eligible patients had relapsed/refractory leukemias or MDS, or untreated disease if not willing to proceed with conventional systemic chemotherapy, adequate organ functions and performance status of 0–2. At least 3 patients were enrolled at each dose level. The MTD was the highest dose level at which ≤2/6 patients experienced a DLT during the first treatment cycle. Results: Forty-seven patients received sapacitabine, including 35 treated with the 7-day schedule and 12 treated with the 3-day per week schedule. Median age was 65 (range: 36 – 91). The majority of patients had AML (n=36) or MDS (n=4). Median number of prior chemotherapies was 2 (range: 0 – 6). Cytogenetic abnormalities were present in 27; 30 had relapsed disease or were refractory to cytarabine or high-dose cytarabine regimens. MTD was reached at 375 mg b.i.d. on the 7-day schedule, and 475 mg b.i.d. on the 3-day per week x 2 schedule. DLTs consist of abdominal pain/small bowel obstruction (n=1), neutropenic colitis (n=2) and diarrhea (n=3). One patient died from complications of neutropenic colitis. Common non-hematologic adverse events (all grades, regardless of causality) included fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, cough, dyspnea, and abdominal pain, most of which were mild to moderate in intensity. PK and PD data are being analyzed. To date, 11 patients of 42 evaluable (9 AML, 2 MDS) had a reduction in bone marrow blast counts to ≤ 5% including 2 CRs, 2CRs with incomplete recovery of platelets, 1 CR of extramedullary disease, and 1 PR of extramedullary disease. 5/11 had relapse-resistance disease on prior cytarabine. Conclusion: The MTD of sapacitabine is 375 mg b.i.d. by the 7-day schedule and 475 mg b.i.d. by the 3-day per week schedule. The predominant DLT is gastrointestinal toxicity. Sapacitabine is well tolerated and has promising antileukemic activity in patients with relapsed or refractory AML and MDS.

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Ibrahim, Ashraf S., Valentina Avanessian, Brad Spellberg, and John E. Edwards. "Liposomal Amphotericin B, and Not Amphotericin B Deoxycholate, Improves Survival of Diabetic Mice Infected with Rhizopus oryzae." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 10 (October 2003): 3343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.10.3343-3344.2003.

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ABSTRACT The efficacies of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) were compared in a diabetic murine model of hematogenously disseminated Rhizopus oryzae infection. At 7.5 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (b.i.d.), LAmB significantly improved overall survival compared to the rates of survival in both untreated control mice (P = 0.001) and mice treated with 0.5 mg of AmB per kg b.i.d. (P = 0.047). These data indicate that high-dose LAmB is more effective than AmB in treating murine disseminated zygomycosis.

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Britton, MG, JS Earnshaw, and JB Palmer. "A twelve month comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients. European Study Group." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 9 (October 1, 1992): 1062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05091062.

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The efficacy and tolerability of salmeterol, 50 micrograms b.i.d. was compared for three months with salbutamol, 200 micrograms q.i.d., administered from metered-dose inhaler. For the following nine months, safety and clinic lung function was monitored on salmeterol, 50 micrograms b.i.d., compared with salbutamol, 200 micrograms b.i.d. This comparison was made in a multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group study of 667 moderate asthmatics, who had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) > 50% predicted, a 15% reversibility to inhaled salbutamol and who were experiencing symptoms. Throughout the first three month treatment period, both morning and evening PEFR were significantly higher on treatment with salmeterol than salbutamol (mean differences between the treatments 30 l.min-1 for morning, p < 0.001, and 11 l.min-1 for evening, p < 0.01). In addition, the diurnal variation in PEFR, nocturnal and daytime symptoms and use of additional salbutamol were significantly lower in the salmeterol treated group. This improvement was also apparent in the separate subpopulations of patients taking no concurrent glucocorticosteroid or concurrent inhaled and/or oral glucocorticosteroids. Both treatments were well-tolerated throughout the 12 months of treatment. There was a lower incidence of asthma and related events during salmeterol treatment compared to salbutamol treatment subgroups. The results of the study clearly demonstrate that salmeterol, 50 micrograms b.i.d., is well-tolerated and more effective than salbutamol, 200 micrograms q.i.d., in the treatment of moderate asthma.

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Lee, Colin, Sandra A. N. Walker, Lesley Palmay, Scott E. Walker, Sheldon Tobe, and Andrew Simor. "Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Oral Ciprofloxacin in Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Brief Report." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 38, no. 1 (January 2018): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2017.00052.

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Steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin in 3 continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) outpatients given ciprofloxacin 750 mg b.i.d. for 5 doses was determined. Mean steady-state maximum serum concentration and half-life were 4.4 ±1.5 mg/L and 10.3 ± 2.6 hours, respectively. Mean maximum dialysate concentration in the daytime long dwell and overnight continuous cycling dwell were 7.4 ± 1.2 mg/L and 3.3 ± 1.2 mg/L, respectively. Oral ciprofloxacin 750 mg b.i.d. may be reasonable for bloodstream and peritoneal infections caused by susceptible bacteria in CCPD patients.

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Odds, Frank C., Michel Oris, Pascal Van Dorsselaer, and Frans Van Gerven. "Activities of an Intravenous Formulation of Itraconazole in Experimental Disseminated Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus Infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 3180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.11.3180-3183.2000.

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ABSTRACT An intravenous (i.v.) formulation of itraconazole was evaluated in disseminated fungal infection models in guinea pigs. In acute disseminated Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus infections, treatment at 5 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (b.i.d.) significantly prolonged survival. In these models and in animals with chronic disseminated cryptococcosis, itraconazole given i.v. at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg b.i.d. greatly reduced the proportions of organs with culture-detectable fungal burdens. The efficacy of i.v. itraconazole in these animal models justifies its further investigation for the treatment of life-threatening mycoses in humans.

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Moehler, Markus, Maurice Michel, Alexander Stein, Joerg Trojan, Jens Marquardt, Joseph Tintelnot, Oliver Waidmann, et al. "A Phase I dose-escalation study of third-line regorafenib with trifluridine/tipiracil in metastatic colorectal cancer." Future Oncology 17, no. 25 (September 2021): 3309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2021-0278.

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Aim: To determine a recommended Phase II dose of the oral fluoropyrimidine trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) combined with the multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib (REG) in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Materials & methods: A conventional 3 + 3 dose finding design was used. FTD/TPI was administered on days 1–5 and 8–12 of a 28-day cycle, REG on days 2–22. Two dose levels were used: FTD/TPI 25 mg/m2 b.i.d. + REG 120 mg/d, then escalated to FTD/TPI 35 mg/m2 b.i.d. + REG 120 mg/d. Results: In total, 12 patients were treated at two dose levels. Three dose-limiting toxicities were observed; all were grade 3 hypertension causally attributed to REG. Recommended Phase II dose is FTD/TPI 25 mg/m2 b.i.d. + REG 120 mg/d. Median progression-free survival was 3.81 months (95% CI: 1.51–5.29), median OS 11.1 months (95% CI: 2.3–18.2). Conclusion: The combination of REG and FTD/TPI is feasible and safe. Efficacy signals exceed that of the single agents at acceptable toxicity levels and are clinically meaningful.

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Meijer Drees, Marijke. "B.A.M. Ramakers, Op de Hollandse Parnas. De Vlaardingse rederijkerswedstrijd van 1616." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 123, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6801.

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Stojanović, Dragana, Ivan Tomašević, Dragoslav Slović, Dušan Gošnik, Jana Suklan, and Klemen Kavčič. "B.P.M. in transition economies: joint empirical experience of Slovenia and Serbia." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 1237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2017.1355256.

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Prasad, B. K. Raghu. "Inelastic dynamic response of R.C. beam column joints by using B.E.M." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 8, no. 6 (December 1991): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-7997(91)90045-u.

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