Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'B-facteur'
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Julen, Nathalie. "Etude de l'expression des protéines de la voie alterne du complément (facteur H, C3 et facteur B) lors de l'inflammation." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES043.
Full textJAHN, ISABELLE. "Polymorphisme du compose c2 et du facteur b du complement chez l'homme." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13159.
Full textNaudeau, Loreleï. "Identification des mécanismes du facteur de transcription NFAT5 impliqués dans la migration des carcinomes mammaires." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077019.
Full textBreast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. In most cases, lethality is caused by the ability of cancer cells originating from the primary tumor to colonize distant organs in a process called metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the migration and invasion properties of cancer cells is crucial to block this fatal breast cancer progression. The NFAT family of transcription factors, in particular the pro-migratory factor NFAT5, is capable of regulating breast carcinoma motility. The aim of my research was to initiate the identification of previously unknown mechanisms involved in NFAT5 migration. In this way, I demonstrate that NFATS plays a key rote in both the production and the function of TGFb1 and ROS, which cooperate to modulate the NFAT5-dependent migration in triple negative breast carcinoma. To increase ROS production, I show that NFAT5 positively regulates target genes involved in the oxidative response, NCF2 and ATF3, which are central for NFAT5-dependent migration. Our study also reveals a partnership between NFAT5 and the NF-KB transcription factor family that is important in cancer cells motility. I demonstrate a physical interaction between NFAT5 and the p65 subunit, and the critical function of the NF-kB pathway in NFAT5 migration. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that NCF2, ATF3 and TGFb1 might be co-regulated by an NFAT5-NF-kB heterodimeric complex. Future studies will involve extending these significant findings in vivo using murine models and primary patient tumor samples. Our work paves the way for the identification of new potential prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers
Sunami, Yoshiaki. "Molecular analysis of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13177.
Full textIt is shown here that the canonical/non-canonical NF-B pathways are not independent and a master regulatory role of the canonical pathway is to upregulate activators of the non-canonical pathway. The data further implicate a translation requirement and that LPS stimulation upregulates a potential intermediate in LPS/CD40 signaling which supports activation of the non-canonical pathway. Further, the non-canonical pathway is constitutively activated in HL cells, involving persistent p100 phosphorylation. It was found that transient and constitutive activation of the non-canonical pathway involves incorporation of p100 and p52 into a megadalton complex. TAP was employed to identify novel p100 interacting partners. EDD (an identified molecule) induces processing of p100 upon co-expression. The complex formation of TRAF3 (another p100 interactor) with p100 is mediated by NIK and requires its kinase activity. The expression of NIK promotes recruitment of TRAF3/p100 to the p100 signalosome
Bihoreau, Nicolas. "Purification et caracterisation du facteur viii plasmatique. Comparaison avec une nouvelle proteine recombinante deletee de sa region b : le facteur viii delta ii." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112174.
Full textLefebvre, Julie. "Migration transendothéliale des neutrophiles : rôles du leucotriène B₄ et du facteur activateur des plaquettes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20990.
Full textTurpin, Pierre Yves. "Etude des mecanismes moleculaires et role du trafic nucleocytoplasmique d'i kappa b alpha, un inhibiteur du facteur de transcription nf-kappa b." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112305.
Full textCholez, Eric. "Evidence d'une connexion entre STAT5A et les voies de signalisation de l'apoptose dans les précurseurs lymphocytaires B leucémiques humains." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED001.
Full textZheng, Xin-Min. "Etude d'un facteur général de transcription des gènes de classe B, interagissant avec l'ARN polymérase (II) : Le facteur BTF3 : Purification; clonage et expression de l'ADN complémentaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13210.
Full textLefort, Karine. "Réponse cellulaire spécifique du mélanocyte humain aux ultraviolets B : implication du facteur de transcription N-oct3." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T115.
Full textAde, Nadège. "Rôle du facteur NF-{kappa}B de l'apoptose dans la signalisation induite par les haptènes chimiques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114833.
Full textIn the european context which influences the development of new alternatives of animal testing, the present study has been focussed on cellular mecanisms induced by contact sensitizers (CS) on dendritic cells (DC) and myeloïd cell line. We hypothesis that CS could act as mimicking danger signals (LPS, TNF-{alpha}) in DC. The results show that Toll-Like receptors (TLR) are not implicated in the recognition of CS. Furthermore, the transcription factor NF-{kappa}B has been shown to be implicated in the maturation induced by Nickel but not by DNCB, which inhibited the TNF-{alpha}-induced NF-{kappa}B pathway. At least, apoptosis and CD86 expression induced by CS in U937 cell line are two independant phenomenons confirming the robustness of the pre-existing test so called “Test CD86” and allowing the elaboration of a new complementary test: the “Test apopotose” to predict the sensitizing potential in vitro
Moraes, Cabe Carolina. "Rôle et fonction du facteur de transcription Ets-1 dans le développement précoce des lymphocytes B." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC030.
Full textB-cell development is driven through combined actions of transcription factors, soluble factors and cellular interactions, which regulate the commitment and differentiation of B tells. Signaling through IL-7R and pre-BCR regulates the transcription of genes involved in proliferation and survival of early B tells, while it coordinates the expression and rearrangement of Ig genes. One of the transcription factors involved on B tell development is Etsl, which is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors and it is highly expressed in the lymphoid lineages where it controls the differentiation of B, T and NK tells. Its inactivation impairs B tell development, particularly during the differentiation of pro-B into pre-B tells. Deregulation of the process of B tells development causes leukemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonai proliferation that develop from a lymphoid tell blocked at an early stage of differentiation. This can be due to diverse genetic alterations, among them the t(9,22) translocation induces the expression of an oncogenic fusion protein, called BCR-ABL1, which is associated with poor prognosis. BCR-ABL1 activates constitutively STAT5 and thus likely contributes to leukemogenesis by signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway. The aim of this thesis is to study the role and function of Ets I transcription factor in early B tell development. These findings demonstrate a nove] function for the Etsl transcription factor in the regulation of STAT5 activity during early B-tell development and in the control of the transcription program downstream BCR-ABL1 during the initial steps of leukemogenesis in pre-B tells
GENOT, ELIZABETH. "Proprietes et mode d'action d'un facteur de croissance des cellules b humaines : le bcgf-1 (lmwbcgf)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066249.
Full textChemin, Karine. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription Ets-1 dans la différenciation lymphoïde T et B." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077043.
Full textLymphocytes develop from multipotent stem cells through a regulated sequence of events that controls the production of functional T, B, and natural killer cells. Expression of the pre-TCR, the TCR, the pre-BCR and the BCR play critical roles in T and B-cell development. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of the Ets-1 transcription factor in T and B cell differentiation using an Ets-1 deficient mouse model. Inactivation of the Ets-1 transcription factor impairs multiple aspects of B cell development. Similarly, Ets-1 plays a critical role in the functions of the pre-TCR. Furthermore, our last results demonstrate an inhibitory role for Ets-1 in the development of activated T cells. At last, preliminary results suggest a function for Ets-1 in plasma cell differentiation and lgG2a class switch recombination. Altogether, our results clearly demonstrate an important function of the Ets-1 transcription factor at different stages of lymphopoiesis
MEJIA, JOSE ENRIQUE. "Relation structure fonction et genetique moleculaire des composants c4 et facteur b du complement chez l'homme." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13086.
Full textPeltier, Julie. "Implication du TGF-BETA1 et des calpaïnes dans la glomérulopathie induite par les anticorps anti-membrane basale glomérulaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077129.
Full textInflammatory process in qlomerulonephritis is regulated by many mediators. Of them, transforming qrowth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) may act as an anti-inflammatory agent. In contrary, calpain, a calcium-activated neutral cysteine protease, participates in the development of inflammation. We first demonstrate that TGF-β1 increase glucocorticoid receptor (GR) synthesis by macrophages after activation of Smad 2/3 and AP-1. And increase the ability of GR to deactivate macrophages. Second, we show that in glomerulonephritis, calpain activity is increased in the kidney cortex, and that in parallel. Active calpains appear in the urines. These calpains oriqinate mainly from abnormal transglomerular passage of plasma proteins and from tubular secretion. Active calpains in the renal cortex promote glomerular injury through activation of NF-KB. While urinary calpains are responsible for the shedding of nephrin from the surface of podocytes. Thereby worsening proteinura
Guillet, Benoît. "Analyse des relations génotype-phénotype du facteur VIII : interactions avec le facteur IX, le facteur Willebrand et la LRP1." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10319.
Full textThe factor VIII (FVIII) is a glucoprotein of the coagulation, being the cofactor of the activated factor IX (FIXa). Its metabolism depends on various limiting factors or enhancing its survey or function. The objective of this research’s work was to analyse different parameters that could influence the plasma FVIII level and its pro-coagulant function. It included 4 parts : 1) We showed that the known intra-cellular retention of FVIII was mainly due to its aggregation and degradation following both proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. 2) We analysed FVIII gene mutations responsible for hemophilia A in a large patients cohort. The bio-informatic analysis demonstrated its deleterious consequence. The influence of these mutations on the anti-FVIII antibodies occurrence was stratified, in association with ethnicity and familial antecedent of inhibitor. 3) The research of factors influencing FVIII levels in hemophilia A carriers showed : i) major determinants such as the presence of an additional genetic disease characterised by a FVIII deficiency, the factor Willebrad’s level and the non-random inactivation of the X chromosome; and ii) minor determinants : age, severity of hemophilia, the polymorphism D1241E of FVIII gene, and 5 new polymorphisms of LRP1 located in its binding site for FVIII.4) We analysed 8 recombinant FVIII with in vitro created mutations in its 1808-1818 region. Previous studies that analysed only the FVIII light chain, have shown that this region constituted the more affine binding site of FVIII for FIXa. We demonstrated here that the 1808-1818 region is not as essential as it was reported because within the entire molecule, its affinity decreases and mutations affecting it do alter mildly the FVIII activity
Bourgarel-Rey, Véronique. "Microtubules et transduction du signal : étude des effets des agents anti-microtubules sur la régulation de l'oncogène c-myc." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_2000_1538.pdf.
Full textChéreau, Fanny. "ABIN-2, un nouvel activateur de NF-kappaB en réponse aux agents génotoxiques : implication de la poly-ubiquitination." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077004.
Full textNF-kappaB transcription factors are regulated through different pathways but they all converge at the level of thé IKK complex, which is composed of two catalytic subunits IKKalpha and IKKbeta and a regulatory subunit NEMO. Even though the function of each subunit has been studied, the specific role of IKKalpha and its regulation remain poorly elucidated. In particular, the IKKalpha -interacting proteins involved in the regulation of its activity are poorly characterized. In our group, ABIN-2 has been identified as an interacting partner of IKKalpha by a proteomic approach and my Ph. D. Research project aimed to characterize the specific role of ABIN-2 in the regulation of IKKalpha -mediated NF-kappaB activation. I demonstrated that ABIN-2 is required for NF-kappaB activation as a late response to TNFalpha and genotoxic stress stimulation, through the activation of IKKalpha. In addition, we studied two structural domains of ABIN-2, named UBAN and ZF and showed by mutational analysis that these domains are essential for optimal NF-kappaB activation mediated by IKKalpha. Moreover, I showed that these domains are necessary for ABIN-2 to recognize K63-linked and linear poly-ubiquitin chains as well as for nondegradative K63-linked poly-ubiquitination of ABIN-2 itself. These results suggest that ABIN-2 poly-ubiquitination altogether with ABIN-2 binding to poly-ubiquitinated partners are necessary to activate IKKalpha and subsequently NF-kappaB
Cavallini, Bruno. "Mise en évidence, purification, et clonage du gène, d'un facteur général de transcription de l'ARN polymérase B." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13159.
Full textGenot, Elisabeth. "Propriétés et mode d'action d'un facteur de croissance des cellules B humaines le BCGF-1 (LMW-BCGF) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613794d.
Full textBeauchef, Gallic. "Effets des facteurs transcriptionnels hc-Krox et NF-kappaB sur la régulation de l'expression du collagène de type I dans des fibroblastes dermiques humains sains et slcérodermiques." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2044.
Full textIn this study, we have investigated the roles of transcription factors hc-Krox (human c-Krox), Sp1 (Specific Protein-1), Sp3 and NF-kappaB (Nuclear Factor-kappaB) on type I collagen expression by normal human (NHF) and scleroderma (SF) fibroblasts. Our results show that the three zinc-finger proteins hc-Krox, Sp1 and Sp3 are strong activators of type I collagen expression by increasing type I collagen protein synthesis and steady-state levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 mRNA in NHF and SF. Moreover, they up-regulate COL1A1 gene transcriptional activity through a region localized in the 112 bp proximal promoter in which we have identified the functional cis-responsive elements. We also demonstrated that NF-kappaB down-regulates COL1A1 by a transcriptional control and through the same region by which the zinc-finger mediate their effects. Despite no existing consensus sequence for NF-kappaB in the COL1A1 proximal promoter, we find that all the trans factors, including NF-kappaB, bind to the COL1A1 promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, Sp1/3/hc-Krox are necessary to mediate the inhibitory effect of NF-kB on COL1A1 in NHF and SF since they are found to interact each others. Moreover, complementary experiments performed in NHF and SF demonstrated that type I collagen synthesis is correlated with the c-Krox DNA binding activity on the COL1A1 promoter. Besides, we realized preliminary experiments showing that type I collagen and c-Krox expression decrease during aging, although NF-kappaB binding activity seems to increase
Dubanet, Lydie. "Neurotrophines, survie cellulaire et microenvironnement : cas du lymphome diffus à grandes cellules B." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/50cc5bfc-fe44-48fb-adac-8e0f3d43b95c/blobholder:0/2013LIMO310J.pdf.
Full textSebban, Hélène. "Analyse moléculaire de mutations de NEMO causant des maladies génétiques humaines." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077105.
Full textNF-kB is activated by several stimuli, among them cytokines like TNF or IL1, bacterian products like LPS, viral proteins like Tax and different kind of stress. Phosphorylation of IkBa by IKK complex induces its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. NF-kB can be translocated into the nucleus and regulate genes expression involved in the inflammation process, immune response, cellular adhesion, protection against apoptosis and proliferation. IKK complex is constituted by two catalytic subunits IKK1 and IKK2, and a regulator subunit NEMO (NF-kB Essential MOduIator). Until recently, not any genetic disease was linked to the NF-kB pathway. Two genetic pathologies associated with an X-linked mutation into the gene encoding for NEMO have been identified. These two human pathologies (Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) and Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia with Immunodeficiency (EDA-ID)) show the importance of the NF-kB pathway in epidermic homeostasia, cutaneous development, natural and acquired immunity, confirming the critical role of NEMO in the NF-kB pathway regulation. The relation structure-fonction of NEMO, and its interactions with proteins implicated in the different pathways driving to NF-kB activation, are still not well known. By using NEMO mutations identified in IP and EDA-ID patients, essentially missense mutations and short deletions, localized in different domains of NEMO, we are trying to understand how NEMO fonctions within IKK complex
Jaffuel, Dany. "Corticotherapie et asthme (doctorat : pneumologie)." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON1T028.
Full textMouzannar, Karim. "Identification du récepteur nucléaire des acides biliaires FXR alpha comme facteur proviral pour le virus de l’hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1098/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem with more than 257 million chronic carriers worldwide that remain at significant risk for developing cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The natural history of infection is very different depending on the age at which the infection is contracted. Whereas in adults most HBV infections spontaneously resolve, in infants and young children they usually result in chronic infection. cccDNA is the molecular form of viral persistence in infected hepatocytes and serves as a transcription template for all viral RNAs. The viral protein HBx plays a crucial role in the recruitment of epigenetic factors to the cccDNA and promotes its transcriptional activity. Currently, interferon and nucleot(s)ide analogues are the first-line agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B without allowing eradication of cccDNA and their interruption are almost always followed by a reactivation of the replication of the virus. New therapeutic molecules targeting cccDNA are therefore needed to hope for a functional cure in chronically infected patients. HBV infection and bile acid (BA) metabolism are tightly linked. Therefore, our team has previously shown that the bile acid nuclear receptor, the farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha) bind to two response elements present in the Enhancer II - Core promoter region of HBV genome and modulate its transcriptional activity. Moreover, HBV and BA compete for the same entry receptor of hepatocytes NTCP and modify BA cell concentration with consequences on the function and expression of FXRalpha. Finally, HBx interacts with FXRalpha and modify its activity. During my PhD. we have first identified a reciprocal regulation between HBV replication and FXRalpha. Second, we have showed in vitro, in HepaRG differentiated cells and in primary human hepatocytes, that FXRalpha is a proviral factor for HBV and that FXRalpha agonists inhibit the expression of all HBV markers in a dependent or independent manner of the viral protein HBx. Finally, in an in vivo model of C3H/HeN mice transduced with a recombinant AAV2/8-HBV vector, we obtained the inhibitory effect of FXRalpha agonists but only in adult and not in young mice. Considering the evolution of the gut flora with age and its importance in the metabolism of BA, these results suggest that the high rate of chronic progression in young children might be related to the immaturity of BA metabolism. The identification of a link between BA metabolism, gut microbiome composition and evolution of HBV infection will represent a big step toward the understanding of HBV natural history. Moreover, the identification of FXRalpha as a proviral factor for HBV and the capacity of FXRalpha ligands to modulate the transcriptional activity of cccDNA suggest that FXR ligands might represent a new class of molecules with the aim to obtain functional cure for HBV infected patients
ENGLARO, WALTER. "Role des map kinases et du facteur de transcription nf-kappa b dans la regulation de la melanogenese." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5169.
Full textBENKHELIFA, SOFIA MALIKA. "Isolement et etude fonctionnelle de mafa, un nouveau facteur de transcription a b-zip de la famille maf." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112053.
Full textMoynier, Marinette. "Etude du répertoire auto-anticorps des lymphocytes B dans les maladies auto-immunes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20233.
Full textNajjar, Imen. "Etude du mécanisme d'activation de STAT1 et analyse des rôles spécifiques de ses isoformes alpha et beta dans les lymphocytes B transformés par l'EBV." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077136.
Full textSTAT1 is a transcription factor that is essential to immunity against pathogens including viruses and to tumour suppression. However, paradoxically, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which is associated with several types of tumours, is responsible for the constitutive activation of STAT1. One of the aims of our work was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this activation in B cell Unes. We found that the EBV, through the activation of the NFKB pathway, is responsible for the constitutive activation of STAT1 by inducing the secretion of interferons. We further studied the specific roles of the a and the p isoforms of STAT1 in these cells. This allowed us to demonstrate that the a isoform is involved in apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in B cells. Interestingly the biologic action of the β isoform was found to differ according to the expression of the α isoform: when overexpressed, STAT1ß was a 'dominant negative' of STAT1α, but when expressed separately, it exhibited properties analogous to those of STAT1α. Both isoforms appeared to have different mechanisms of action, as, following treatment with a cytotoxic agent such as fludarabine, the a isoform induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p53, while the ß isoform was much less efficient in inducing the phosphorylation of p53 and prevented its nuclear translocation. Finally, in the course of these studies, we identified a novel function of STAT1 i. E. Its involvement in the intracellular trafficking of IgG, pointing to a so far unsuspected function of STAT1 in immunity. Further research in this area will be devoted to the understanding of the individual function of the two isoforms of STAT1 in tumour suppression, apoptosis and immune surveillance, the cell Systems at hand will also allow to determine whether these isoforms have different targets and to identify them
Kirstetter, Peggy. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription Ikaros au cours du développement et de la fonction des lymphocytes B." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13009.
Full textPichon, Bruno. "Contrôle de l'expression génique par l'AMPc dans la thyroïde :étude du rôle possible du facteur de transcription NGFI-B." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212050.
Full textNguyen, Hai Vu. "Etude de la fonction du facteur de transcription ETS-1 dans la différenciation des lymphocytes B chez la souris." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077096.
Full textThe development of B lymphocytes is regulated by several receptors that control the proliferation, the survival and the differentiation of precursor cells. In mice, engagement of the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) induces activation of the Stat-5 transcription factor and the expression of genetic program that insures survival and proliferation of early cells B and the proper regulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene recombination. Once in the periphery, stimulation of antigen activated B cells with soluble factors such as interferon-y (IFN-y) or interleukine-27 (IL-27) induces expression of the T-bet transcription factor which promotes the class switch recombination to IgG2a. Despite of the importance of these processes for the development and function of the immune System, the molecular mechanisms which regulate them remain still unknown. In the first part of my work, I demonstrated that the Ets-1 factor transcription is necessary for the proliferation of pro-B cells in response to IL-7 stimulation. In response to IL-7, Ets-1 déficient (Ets-1-/-) pro-B cells inefficiently up-regulated expression of c-myc and cyclin D2. Furtheremore, Ets-1 triggered the recruitment of Stat-5 to the intronic enhancer of the Ig kappa locus. The cooperation between Ets-1 and Stat-5 inhibited expression and rearrangement of Igk in pro-B cells. These results demonstrate a new role of Ets-1 in the control of Stat-5 function during the proliferation and the differentiation of pro-B cells in response to IL-7. The second part of my work focused on the molecular mechanisms that regulate secretion of IgG2a. I showed that inactivation of Ets-1 (Ets-1-/ -) inhibits the production of IgG2a in vivo and in vitro. Germline expression of the y2a locus, which is initiated from the Iy2a promoter and targets this region for class switch recombination (CSR), is inhibited in Ets-1-/- splenocytes. In response to stimulation by IFN-y or IL-27, Ets-1 cooperates with the Stat1 transcription factor to bind and activate the enhancer of the T-bet locus. In turn, expression of T-bet contributes to induce CSR to the IgG2a isotype. These results identify an essential function of the Ets-1 transcription factor in the regulation of humoral response in mice. Altogether, my work reveals a new role of the transcription factor Ets-1 in regulating the function of several members of the family of STAT factors in the development of B cells in mice
COHEN, LUCHINO. "Influence d'immunoadjuvants, les muramyl dipeptides, sur la stimulation des lymphocytes b murins. Role du facteur de transcription nf-kappab." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112104.
Full textHallez, Camille. "Impact des facteurs de restriction sur la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066390.
Full textHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infects 350 millions people worldwilde. It triggers accute hepatitis that can turn into cirrhosis then hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV genome is composed of a partially double-stranded DNA.Thus, it could be targeted by some cellular nucleases that hydrolyze double-stranded DNA. We have highlighted that Deoxyribunuclease I (DNase I) can be incorporated into HBV virions and degrade its genome, leading to a loss of viral infectivity. Moreover, DNase I is upregulated under hypoxia which is a caracteristic of liver cirrhosis. DNase I could be involved in HBV elimination in cirrhotic patients. In an other study, we found that APOBECDE, a cytidine deaminase of the same family than some restriction factors, has a proviral activity. Indeed, association of APOBEC3DE with APOBEC3F or APOBEC3G leads to a loss of cytidine deaminase activity and a better viral replication. When APOBEC3DE is associated with those two proteins, APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G cannot be incorporated into HBV virions. This is the reason why HBV is more infectious when APOBEC3DE is expressed
Hallez, Camille. "Impact des facteurs de restriction sur la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066390.
Full textHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infects 350 millions people worldwilde. It triggers accute hepatitis that can turn into cirrhosis then hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV genome is composed of a partially double-stranded DNA.Thus, it could be targeted by some cellular nucleases that hydrolyze double-stranded DNA. We have highlighted that Deoxyribunuclease I (DNase I) can be incorporated into HBV virions and degrade its genome, leading to a loss of viral infectivity. Moreover, DNase I is upregulated under hypoxia which is a caracteristic of liver cirrhosis. DNase I could be involved in HBV elimination in cirrhotic patients. In an other study, we found that APOBECDE, a cytidine deaminase of the same family than some restriction factors, has a proviral activity. Indeed, association of APOBEC3DE with APOBEC3F or APOBEC3G leads to a loss of cytidine deaminase activity and a better viral replication. When APOBEC3DE is associated with those two proteins, APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G cannot be incorporated into HBV virions. This is the reason why HBV is more infectious when APOBEC3DE is expressed
Mechiche, Houria Nadia. "Contribution à l'étude de l'expression de facteur tissulaire par les cellules présentatrices d'antigènes : identification d'une expression de facteur tissulaire par une sous population lymphocytaire B et au cours de syndromes lymphoprolifératifs." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMM208.
Full textIdentification of tissue factor expression by subpopulation of B lymphocytes and during lymphoproliferative disorders. Tissue factor is cytokine type II receptor expressed by many cells. TF is thecrucial trigger of coagulation via its ligation to Factor VII(a). TF is to be considered as a true receptor involved in many processes such as cell migration , embryogenesis, signal transduction. Ours results show that a subpopulation of lymphocytes CD19+CD40+CD38+CD23-CD5- can express TF in response to PMA. TF is functional as shown by its procoagulante activity. In the second part of this work, we have identified a TF expression in cell lines and proliferative disorders. T cell line Jurkat can express TF as suggested by previous publications. On contrary EBV-immortalized B cell line cannot express TF. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), monoclonal lymphocytes do express TF
Simand, Célestine. "Fonction d’Ikaros dans la transformation des progéniteurs des cellules B1." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ097.
Full textMurine B cell development comprises 2 main B cell lineages, B1 and B2, with distinct progenitors, functions and localization. The transcription factor Ikaros, encoded by the Ikzf1 gene, is a major regulator of lymphopoiesis and plays a crucial role in B2 cell differentiation. However, the role of Ikaros in B1 cell differentiation is unclear. Genetic alterations of IKZF1 are a hallmark of high-risk B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Considering that lymphopoiesis takes place in distinct fetal and adult waves, with B1 cell lymphopoiesis predominating in fetuses and neonates and B2 cell progenitors predominating in adults, some pediatric BCP-ALL cases may originate from B1 cell progenitors. Using a mouse model with a conditional deletion of Ikzf1 in B cell progenitors (Ikzf1f/f Mb1-Cre), we show that Ikaros is critical for normal B1 cell differentiation, similarly to B2 cell differentiation. Using the BCR-ABL oncogene, we show that B1 progenitor can induce BCP-ALL in the murine model and that Ikaros has a tumor suppressor function in these cells. Further studies are required to determine if B1 cell progenitors can contribute to B1-like BCP-ALL in human
Marget, Pierre. "Caractérisation de deux neuropeptides : le BDNF et la neurotensine dans les lymphocytes B." Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO310F.
Full textThe "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor" BDNF is a growth factor wich regulates plasticity of both neuronal cells and astrocytes and plays an impportant function in B-cell homeostasis via its interaction with its high-affinity receptors, TrkB "Tropomyosin receptor kinase". Neurotensin, another neuropeptide, regulates inflammation in the digestive system and plays a role of neurotransmitter in central nervous system through its binding to its specific receptors NTSR1, NTSR2 and NTSR3. We described, for the first time, the expression of neurotensin and its receptors in B cell ines reproducing all different stages of B cell differentiation, as well as in B lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We showed positive effect of neurotensin on survival and proliferation of b cell lines in pro-apoptotic culture conditions. We also compared BDNF and neurotensin intracellular signalling pathways in two plasmacytic cell lines and their potential interactions and we analyzed potential interactions between TrkB, NTSR1 et NTSR2. These results underline an important role of neurotensin in B-cell homeostasis as wemm as different regulatory effects of BDNF and neurotensin on two plasmacytic cell lines under pro-apoptotic culture conditions
Bonet, Caroline. "Contrôle de la sénescence des cellules de mélanome : implication de la kinase Aurora B et du facteur de transcription MITF." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4100.
Full textMetastatic melanoma is an aggressive tumor with almost no effective treatment options. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma disease will be essential for new advances in melanoma therapy. I showed that the kinase Aurora B is regulated by the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, deregulated in 80% of melanoma. I showed that Aurora B inhibition triggers senescence entry, characterized by a growth arrest and the death of melanoma cells. Vemurafenib, an inhibitor of BRAF mutated melanoma which occurs in approximately 50% of cases, increases the overall survival of individuals but this treatment induces resistance. In this context, I showed that melanoma cells resistant to Vemurafenib’s effect are sensitive to the Aurora B inhibitor. Collectively, my results indicate that the inhibition of the kinase Aurora B might be a promising strategy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. On the other hand, my project aims to investigate the role of the transcription factor MITF. We have shown that the invalidation of MITF triggers senescence. In addition, we have identified a mutation in MITF that affects a sumoylation site and predisposes to melanoma. The objective was to understand the molecular mechanisms by which this mutant of MITF exerts its pro-tumoral activity. I showed that MITF prevents senescence entry of melanoma cells mediated by different pro-oncogenic drugs and oncogenes and in several melanoma cell lines. My results confirm the role of MITF in controlling senescence in melanocyte ells, and indicate how MITF, that overrides the senescence, could favor melanoma development
Garnier, Gérard. "Le facteur B du complément humain : bases structurales et biosynthétiques de sa microhétérogénéité, mises en évidence par les techniques électrophorétiques." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES026.
Full textEller, Carla. "Un criblage gain-de-fonction identifie CDKN2C comme facteur d'hôte impliqué dans le cycle viral du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ103.
Full textHepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is a major cause of progressive liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. HBV infects human hepatocytes, and, because of the tiny size of its genome, depends on multiple host functions, contributing to species and tissue tropism. However, fundamental virus-host interactions remain obscure, owing to the lack of robust infectious models for HBV research. An innovative functional genomics screen revealed the role of CDKN2C as proviral host factor promoting HBV replication in a step of the life cycle after the formation of covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA via its function as cell cycle regulator. This provides a better understanding of virus-host interactions and limitations of currently available cell culture systems, and will contribute to the development of physiological infectious model systems and novel therapeutic strategies for viral cure
Garnier, Gérard. "Le Facteur B du complément humain bases structurales et biosynthétiques de sa microhétérogénéité : mises en évidence par les techniques électrophorétiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376138177.
Full textPark, Sophie. "Activation des voies PI3K/AKT et mTOR dans les LAM : thérapeutiques ciblées et Implication des facteurs de transcription FOXO dans la leucémogenèse." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077107.
Full textThe PI3K/AKT and mTORCI signaling pathways are frequently activated in AML. MTORd inhibition with RAD001 induces PI3K/AKT activation and both pathways are activated independently, providing a rationale for dual inhibition of both pathways. Pl-103 is a new potent PI3K/AKT and mTOR inhibitor. In blast cells, Pl-103 inhibits leukemic proliferation, the clonogenicity of leukemic progenitors and induces mitochondrial apoptosis, especially in the compartment containing the leukemic stem cells (LSC). Pl-103 has additive pro-apoptotic effects with etoposide in blast cells and in immature leukemic cells. Interestingly, Pl-103 does not induce apoptosis in normal CD34+ cells and has moderate effects on their clonogenic and proliferative properties. FOXO transcription factors have a key role in the control of cell survival. Intracellular localization of FOXO is regulated in part by phosphorylation by différent kinases, especially AKT. I have shown that the specific inhibition of PI3K activity in AML with IC87114, an inhibitor of the p110δ isoform, does not induce apoptosis, does not relocalize FOXOSa in the nucleus and does not induce FasL and Bim target genes expression. Moreover, my data supports the fact that the IKK complex is frequently activated in AML and probably represents the main kinase that controls the localization of FOXOSa in AML, even in AML samples with constitutive PI3K activation. Finally, these results do suggest that the specific targeting of the IKK activity in AML may induce apoptosis by inhibiting NF-KB translocation and by inducing FOXOSa localization in the nucleus
Diribarne, Gaëlle. "Etude de la régulation du facteur de transcription P-TEFb par la protéine HEXIM1 et l'ARN non codant 7SK." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077143.
Full textP-TEFb is a positive elongation factor for RNA polymerase II transcription. It is a unique example of a CDK-cyclin complex (CDK9-Cyclin T) regulated by a non-coding RNA. P-TEFb exists under two forms in equilibrium in the cell: a small active one, and a large inactive one, also containing the HEXIM protein and the 7SK non coding RNA. 7SK would change HEXIM conformation and unmask its domain of interaction with the cyclin subunit of P-TEFb. Many stimuli, as transcription inhibition, result in the dissociation of the large inactive P-TEFb complex. We characterized a new domain of HEXIM implicated in its direct contact with Cyclin T by mutagenesis. HEXIM and P-TEFb interact in the cell, as confirmed by FRET and crosslinking experiments. These experiments mainly showed a new HEXIM/P-TEFb complex, which resists to transcriptional arrest. We also demonstrate the recruitment of P-TEFb inhibitory partners, HEXIM and 7SK, on transcription sites, by microscopy and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. HEXIM and 7SK would thus control the spatio-temporal activation of P-TEFb on transcription sites
Drévillon, Loïc. "Contribution à l’étude du rôle de COMMD1 dans la physiopathologie de la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0005.
Full textCystic fibrosis is mainly caused by mutations interfering with the biosynthetic folding of the CFTR protein. The aim of this study was to find proteins able to interact with CFTR and modify its processing. We have identified COMMD1 as a new CFTR partner. COMMD1 is a regulator of copper homeostasis and sodium uptake through interaction with ENaC, as well as the prototype of a new protein family that plays a role in inhibiting NF-?B signalling Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that COMMD1 associates with endogenous CFTR in HT29 cells and with F508del-CFTR in heterologously expressing epithelial cells. COMMD1 sub-cellular distribution is both nuclear and cytoplasmic, and more precisely in vesicular cytoplasmic compartments, as assessed by immunocytochemical microscopy. Further studies showed COMMD1 partial codistribution with an early endosomal compartments (TfR). COMMD1 is not involved in CFTR processing (C band) but wt-CFTR cell surface expression was halfreduced when COMMD1 expression was silenced. Unlike F508del-CFTR in temperature rescue, COMMD1 over-expression increased 15% wt-CFTR cell surface expression. Assessment of CFTR ubiquitination showed that COMMD1 over-expression strongly decreased CFTR ubiquitination therefore increasing CFTR cell surface expression. Finally, these data indicate that COMMD1 vesicular compartment is involved in CFTR trafficking through inhibition of CFTR ubiquitination. Understanding how COMMD1 modulation modifies transepithelial transport and inflammation in CF versus non CF cells should give new therapeutic clues to reduce exacerbated inflammation and improve fluid secretion in CF patients
Ettou, Sandrine. "Régulation épigénétique de l'expression de FAS au cours de l'évolution des syndromes Myélodysplasiques en Leucémie aigue myéloblastique : implication de NF -kB." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077138.
Full textMyelodysplasic syndromes are heterogeneous diseases of hematopoietic stem cell. Low-risk MDS (LR-MDS) characterized by an excessive apoptosis and high Pas expression, evolve to high-risk MDS (HR-MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by a low Pas expression. This study shows an epigenetic regulation of PAS during disease evolution and the implication of NF-KB. We demonstrated that Pas overexpression is correlated with a DNA demethylation. As controls, PAS promoter in AML is methylated and enriched in repressive chromatin marks. Treatment with azacitidine induces Pas reactivation associated with DNA demethylation and open chromatin state. Increased Pas expression is correlated with the response to treatment. We observed also a sensitivity of blasts to Fas-dependent apoptosis after stimulation with CHU, an agonist to Fas. Moreover, low fas expression on progenitor cells at diagnostic, is associated with a berter response to azacitidine. In myeloid cells, Fas is transcriptionally regulated by NF-KB, which recruitment depends on chromatin accessibility
Zagar, Yvrick. "Action non classique des androgenes : pTHrP et cancer de la prostate." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066340.
Full textLemarie, Catherine. "Activation mécanosensible de NF-kappaB et rôle dans le remodelage de la paroi vasculaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077128.
Full textBlood vessels are permanently under physiological strain because of shear stress and circumferential strain. These stresses are major determinants of vessel morphology and composition ; prolonged or chronic changes in mechanical forces lead to adaptative restructuring of the vessel wall. Mechanical factors induce vascular remodelling by stimulating intracellular signalling pathways. In this regard, the NF-KB pathway is particularly interesting since it drives the expression of several factors involved in inflammation, cell survival and vascular remodelling. Using an organ culture model of mouse carotid arteries, we found that high intraluminal pressure (150 mmHg) maintained during 24h activates NF-KB and that activation of this pathway is important for cell survival. We also studied the signalling pathway involved in the activation of NF-KB. We showed that high intraluminal pressure induces the production of reactive oxygen species leading to the cleavage of TGF-a and its binding to the EGFR. The activation of the EGFR subsequently leads to the stimulation of NF-KB. Using an in vivo model of hypertension, we confirmed that changes in the mechanical environment car be transduced through the release of TGF-a, leading to NF-KB activation and vascular remodelling. Finally, in the organ culture model, we found that high intraluminal pressure induced the activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and is associated with an increase in vascular distensibility. Hence, our data pinpoints how the NF-KB pathway may lead to structural and functional modifications in vessels submitted to a chronic strain in the context of hypertension
Hamelet, Julien. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans l'inflammation chronique et la stéatose observées dans le foie en cas d'hyperhomocystéinémie." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077195.
Full textHomocysteine is a thiol-containing amino acid produced during methionine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia, characterized by elevated plasma homocysteine level, is Associated with an increased risk of coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases. Then, it is important to improve our Knowledge of homocysteine toxicity. First studies on cystathionine beta synthase (CBS)-deficient mice, a murine model of hyperhomocysteinemia, revealed steatohepatitis and fibrosis, concomitant with oxidative stress. The first part of this work consisted in studying molecular mechanisms implied in development of steatohepatitis and oxidative stress in CBS-deficient mice. We have demonstrated that chronic inflammation is due to calpains-dependent activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Also, oxidative stress arises from increased NADPH oxidase activity, albeit catalase activation protects the liver from more severe damages. Finally, we have shown that CBS deficiency induces deregulation of genes involved in hepatic cholesterol homeostasis which can explain the steatosis. Furthermore, these results establish a role for homocysteine hepatic toxicity in vascular outcomes linked to hyperhomocysteinemia. The second part of this work consisted in evaluating the use of catechin, a polyphénol, as a treatment for hyperhomocysteinemia. In this sensé, hyperhomocysteinemic mice were fed a catechin-rich diet. Thus, we have observed that catechin induces a decrease of homocysteine plasma level. Furthermore, it increases hepatic activity and expression of paraoxonase 1, an enzyme with anti-atherogenic properties