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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'B.C-449 A.D'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Chovanec, Peter. "Studies of B cell development and V(D)J recombination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288271.

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The process of generating the vast diversity of immunoglobulin receptors and secreted antibodies begins with the recombination of the joining (JH), diversity (DH) and variable (VH) genes in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. The ability to produce antibodies is restricted to the B cell lineage and is tightly regulated, starting with the temporal separation of the recombination process, in which DH-JH precedes VH-DHJH recombination. Successful recombination of both heavy and light chain loci results in the expression of an antigen receptor on the cell surface. Subsequent selection stages remove non‑functional and autoreactivity receptors from the final pool of antigen responding B cells that ultimately give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells. Understanding the complexity of the recombination processes and the diversity of the resulting antibody repertoire has been a major focus of academic and industrial research alike. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have seen many successful applications within the clinic and they constitute a billion-dollar industry. However, limitations therein have resulted in the emergence of antibody engineering approaches and the use of natural sources of alternative heavy chain only antibodies (HCAbs/nanobodies). The biotechnology company Crescendo Biologics has taken the highly desired characteristics of HCAbs a step further with the creation of a mouse platform capable of producing fully humanized HCAbs. The Crescendo platform presents a unique opportunity to expand our understanding of how mouse B cell development functions by exploiting the features of heavy chain only antibody production. Furthermore, the platform enables the expansion of our limited knowledge of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the recombination of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Using flow cytometry, with dimensionality reduction analysis approaches, I investigated B cell development in the context of HCAbs. These studies revealed a previously uncharacterised developmentally intermediate B cell population. Due to ethical and availability limitations to studies of human bone marrow, the primary pre-selection human B cell repertoire has not been studied in detail. The isolation of several B cell developmental stages and the use of our novel DNA-based high-throughput unbiased repertoire quantification technique, VDJ-seq, allowed me to study recombination of the human IGH locus sequence and observe HCAb repertoire selection within the mouse environment. The adaptation of next generation sequencing techniques to antigen receptor repertoire quantification has provided an unprecedented insight into repertoire diversity and the alterations it undergoes during infection or ageing. Our VDJ-seq assay is unique in its ability to interrogate DNA recombinants. To expand its capabilities, I investigated several limitations of the technique, including mispriming and PCR/sequencing errors, and implemented experimental and bioinformatics solutions to overcome them, which included the creation of a comprehensive analysis workflow. Finally, I have developed and applied a novel network visualisation method for genome-wide promoter interaction data generated by promoter capture Hi-C. The availability of high quality human pluripotent stem cell datasets allowed me to utilise the new techniques to further our understanding of the dynamics of genome organisation during early human embryonic development. This visualisation approach will be directly applicable to understanding B cell development.
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2

Kapp, Felix, and Hermann Körndle. "Was lerne ich aus einer Lernaufgabe? a) gar nichts, b) Faktenwissen, c) etwas über meine Lernstrategien, d) Antwort b und c sind richtig." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-76302.

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Interaktive Lernaufgaben stellen eine Möglichkeit dar, das Lernen und den Lernerfolg mit digitalisierten Lehrmaterialien durch interaktive Elemente zu unterstützen. In einer Vielzahl von Learning-Management-Systemen gehört die technische Möglichkeit solche Aufgaben zu erstellen bereits zum Standard-Repertoire. Dieser Beitrag thematisiert anhand von drei empirischen Studien, welchen psychologischen Kriterien interaktive Lernaufgaben genügen sollten, um einen erfolgreichen Wissenserwerb zu fördern. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass Lernaufgaben, die unter Beachtung psychologischer Konstruktionsregeln erzeugt wurden, die Lernenden nicht nur beim Erwerb von Faktenwissen unterstützen, sondern ihnen beim selbstregulierten Lernen auch Rückmeldung über die von ihnen eingesetzten und einzusetzenden Lernstrategien geben.
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3

AZZI, LYAMINE. "Regulation du cycle cellulaire : interaction entre p9#c#k#s#h#s#2 et p34#c#d#c#2. caracterisation de la p15#c#d#k#-#b#p, une nouvelle proteine interagissant avec p34#c#d#k#4 et p33#c#d#k#5." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10063.

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Le cycle cellulaire est constitue de deux phases majeures, la phase s (replication de l'adn) et la phase m (division cellulaire). Celles-ci sont separees par deux periodes gap(g1 and g2). Le cycle cellulaire est hautement regule par les kinases cycline-dependantes (les cdk). La transition g2/m est declenchee par un facteur universel, le mpf m-phase promoting factor, identifie comme un complexe constitue d'au moins deux sous-unites, la p34#c#d#c#2 et la cycline b#c#d#c#1#3. L'entree de la cellule en phase m est caracterisee par une activation de la kinase cdc2 suite a une dephosphorylation sur les residus thr14 et tyr15. Cette dephosphorylation est catalysee par la phosphatase cdc25. Parmi les proteines regulant la formation et l'activation du complexe p34#c#d#c#2/cycline b, la p13#s#u#c#1/p9#c#k#s#h#s semble jouer un role fondamental. La p9#c#k#s#h#s interagit avec la p34#c#d#c#2 a travers deux sites cooperatifs conduisants a la formation d'un complexe p9#c#k#s#h#s/p34#c#d#c#2 tres stable. In vitro, la p9#c#k#s#h#s peut s'assembler en une structure hexamerique impliquant une possible oligomerisation de la p34#c#d#c#2 in vivo. Nous avons purifie une proteine de 15 kda, la p15#c#d#k#-#b#p, qui interagit fortement avec les kinases cdk4/cycline d (impliquee en g1) et cdk5/p25 (preferentiellement exprimee dans les tissus nerveux). La p15cdk-bp retient une kinase active envers les proteines chromosomales hmg i/y et p1 et la mbp myelin basic protein. Immobilisee sur des billes de sepharose, la p15#c#d#k#-#b#p peut constituer un outil important pour etudier la regulation du cycle cellulaire ainsi que la fonction et la pathologie du cerveau
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4

廖葉媚 and Yip-mei Liu. "Sero-prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970710.

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5

Liu, Yip-mei. "Sero-prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and D viruses in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25176535.

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6

Kratzsch, Axel [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung von magnetron-gesputterten B-C-N-Schichten / Axel Kratzsch." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 1999. http://d-nb.info/1198223448/34.

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7

Vogel, Matthias [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Untersuchungen zum Cross Priming Potential der HIV Vakzinekandidaten EHV-C/B und NYVAC-C/B auf über Monozyten generierten dendritischen Zellen / Matthias Vogel. Betreuer: Ralf Wagner." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046721674/34.

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8

Jäschke, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Hochtemperaturstabile Si/B/N/C-Keramiken aus neuen Einkomponentenvorläufern / Thomas Jäschke." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1172611521/34.

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9

Naciuk, Fabrício Fredo 1976. "5,8-Dimetoxisoquinolina como intermediário sintético versátil : síntese total das caulibugulonas A, B, C e D e da isoelipticina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249044.

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Orientador: Paulo Cesar Muniz de Lacerda Miranda
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T08:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Naciuk_FabricioFredo_D.pdf: 5766349 bytes, checksum: f8a483081babf6f2f69d11fe85cf43ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: No presente trabalho, foi estudada a preparação da 5,8-dimetoxisoquinolina através de um expediente baseado na reação de Pomeranz-Fritsh. Na etapa de ciclização deste protocolo foi empregada a N-(2,5-dimetoxibenzil)-2,2-dimetoxietanamina, além de seus dois derivados com o nitrogênio protegido (grupo tosila ou nosila). O núcleo isoquinolíco foi preparado em quatro etapas, a partir de matérias comercialmente disponíveis, com 90% de rendimento. Posteriormente, a 5,8-dimetoxisoquinolina foi submetida à desproteção oxidativa, mediada por NBS ou ácidos trialoisocianúricos, seguida de uma etapa de aminação/oxidação. Assim, quatro produtos naturais foram preparados: as caulibugulonas A e D em cinco etapas e com rendimentos globais de 50% e 26% respectivamente e as caulibugulonas B e C em seis etapas com rendimentos globais de 31% e 61% respectivamente. Ainda, baseado nos estudos de obtenção das caulibugulonas A-D, foi possível preparar dois intermediários sintéticos, a 6-cloro-7-(fenilamino)isoquinolino-5,8-diona e a 7-(fenilamino)isoquinolino-5,8-diona) com rendimentos de 79% (duas etapas) e 45% (one-pot), respectivamente, a partir da isoquinolina. Na sequência, através de ciclização intramolecular promovida por fonte de paládio, a 5H-pirido[3,4-b]carbazol-5,11(10H)-diona foi preparada com 65% de rendimento a partir da 7-(fenilamino)isoquinolino-5,8-diona (via ativação C-H) ou com 50% de rendimento a partir da 6-cloro-7-(fenilamino)isoquinolino-5,8-diona (via arilação direta). Assim, após reações de metilação/redução, a isoelipticina foi preparada com 18% de rendimento global em nove etapas
Abstract: In the present work, the preparation of 5,8-dimethoxyisoquinoline was studied through an expedient based on the reaction of Pomeranz-Fritsh. In the cyclization step of this protocol was applied to N-(2,5-dimethoxy)-2,2-dimethoxyethanamine in addition to their two derivatives with protected nitrogen (nosyl or tosyl group). The isoquinolic core was prepared in four steps from commercially available materials, with 90% yield. Later 5,8-dimethoxyisoquinoline, was subjected to oxidative deprotection, mediated by NBS or trihaloisocyanuric acids, followed by one amination/oxidation step. Thus, the four natural products have been prepared: caulibugulones A and D in five steps and 50% and 26%, overall yield, respectively, and caulibugulones B and C in six steps with overall yields of 31% and 61% respectively. Also, based on studies by obtaining the caulibugulones A-D, it was possible to prepare two synthetic intermediates: 6-chloro-7-(phenylamino)-isoquinoline-5,8-dione and 7-(phenylamino)-isoquinoline-5,8-dione with 79% (two steps) and 45% (one-pot) yield, respectively, from the isoquinoline. Following, through intramolecular cyclization promoted by a source of palladium, 5H-pyrido[3,4-b]carbazole-5,11(10H)-dione was prepared in 65% yield from 7-(phenylamino)isoquinoline-5,8-dione (via C-H activation) or 50% yield from 6-chloro-7-(phenylamino)-isoquinoline-5,8-dione (via direct arylation). Thus, after methylation/reduction reactions, isoellipticine was prepared in 18% overall yield in nine steps
Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutor em Ciências
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10

Peters, Nina [Verfasser], Anja C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Pickhard, Peter B. [Gutachter] Luppa, and Anja C. [Gutachter] Pickhard. "Epistaxis - Die Rolle oraler Antikoagulanzien / Nina Peters ; Gutachter: Peter B. Luppa, Anja C. Pickhard ; Betreuer: Anja C. Pickhard." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200547624/34.

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11

Koman, Gershom Theodore Kumar [Verfasser], C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Strauss, B. M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Taute, and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nimsky. "Perioperative Thromboseprophylaxe in der deutschen Neurochirurgie / Gershom Theodore Kumar Koman. Betreuer: C. Strauss ; B.-M. Taute ; C. Nimsky." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025303385/34.

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12

Mehrban, Hossein. "Matter-antimatter asymmetry of b-quark and B-meson decays." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324379.

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13

Krevet, B. [Verfasser]. "Keimbildung und Phasenwachstum von hoch-Tsub(c)Nb₃Ge-Aufdampfschichten / B. Krevet." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1196632383/34.

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14

Rout, J. K. "Total synthesis of naturally occurring sacidumlignans A, B, D, and stereoselective synthesis of C-disaccharides." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2015. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2020.

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15

Gaspar, Adam. "Phoenician-Punic amphorae from Castro Marim, Portugal: provenance and contents of Pellicer amphora types B/C and D." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26563.

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Ânforas fenício-púnicas de Castro Marim, Portugal: origem e conteúdos dos tipos B/C e D de Pellicer O sítio arqueológico de Castelo de Castro Marim fica na parte mais elevada da Vila com o mesmo nome na costa sul de Portugal, perto da fronteira com Espanha. O local está situado no topo de uma colina 30 metros acima do nível do mar erguido numa área pantanosa entre a costa sudeste do Algarve e a foz do rio Guadiana. Várias campanhas de escavações arqueológicas revelaram ocupação durante a Idade do Ferro, período romano e Idade Média. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a presença de dois tipos específicos de ânforas pré-romanas no sítio de Castro Marim em termos de proveniência e conteúdo. A produção e distribuição de ânforas Pellicer tipo B/C e D podem ser datadas do 5° ao 1° séculos a.C e estão relacionadas com a ocupação fenício-púnica da baía de Cadis e do vale do Baixo Guadalquivir. A análise petrográfica do material cerâmico com base na abordagem multi-analítica (principalmente XRD, XRF, petrografia e SEM-EDS) será focada em identificar as diferentes proveniências de amostras selecionadas de ânforas. Em casos relevantes, os resíduos extraídos dos materiais cerâmicos são estudados recorrendo a GC-MS para identificar o bem armazenado nas ânforas. Este trabalho discute a origem das ânforas analisadas e contextualiza-as no meio de produção e comércio de alimentos; Abstract: Phoenician-Punic amphorae from Castro Marim, Portugal: provenance and contents of Pellicer amphora types B/C and D The castle of Castro Marim archaeological site is located at the highest point of the town with the same name on the southern margin of Portugal close to the border with Spain. The site is placed in the hilltop 30 meters above sea level, elevated along a swampy area between the south eastern coast of the Algarve and the mouth of the Guadiana river. Several archaeological campaigns revealed occupation during the Iron Age, Roman period and the Middle Ages. The objective of this research is to evaluate the presence of two specific types of Pre-Roman amphorae in Castro Marim site in terms of provenance and content. Production and distribution of Pellicer type B/C and D can be dated from the 5th to the 1st centuries B.C and are related with Phoenician-Punic occupation of the Cadiz bay area and the Lower Guadalquivir valley. The Petrographic analyses of the ceramic material, based on a multianalytical approach (mainly XRD, XRF, petrography and SEM-EDS) is focused on identifying the different provenance of selected amphorae. In relevant cases, the residues extracted from the ceramic materials are studied by GS-MS, in order to identify possible past content of the amphorae. This thesis discusses the origin of the analysed amphorae, contextualizing them in their production, commerce and content.
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16

Bernardes, Cristiane Teixeira Vilhena. "Avaliação das atividades antimicrobiana, antisséptica e esterilizante de extratos e metabólitos de Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. e Pinus elliottii Engelm." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-17042015-103523/.

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Baccharis dracunculifolia, conhecida popularmente como \"alecrim do campo\" é um arbusto lenhoso, nativo das regiões sul, sudeste e centro-oeste do Brasil, muito utilizada na medicina popular como agente anti-inflamatório e no tratamento de doenças gastrointestinais e úlceras, sendo relatadas ainda atividades antibacteriana, antifúngica e antiparasitária. Pinus elliottii é uma espécie exótica, que foi introduzida no sudeste brasileiro como espécie de reflorestamento e se espalhou rapidamente. As plantas desse gênero são ricas em componentes fenólicos e terpenos, dos quais alguns diterpenos apresentam atividade antimicrobiana. Com a ressurgência de micro-organismos resistentes à ação dos antimicrobianos, há interesse em se investigar novas substâncias para o tratamento de infecções tópicas e sistêmicas, bem como o desenvolvimento de produtos antissépticos ou esterilizantes, para serem empregados em ambientes domésticos, industriais e hospitalares. No presente estudo foram obtidos os extrato das partes aéreas e raízes de B. dracunculifolia (Extrato BD e BD-R) por meio de processo de maceração em solução hidroalcoólica 96:4 e o extrato do lavado glandular das folhas de B. dracunculifolia (BD-L). Os extratos foram submetidos a diferentes modalidades cromatográficas e avaliações antimicrobianas. O Extrato BD foi submetido a fracionamento em HSCCC (cromatografia de contracorrente em alta velocidade) associado a CLAE-PREP, fornecendo a flavona hispidulina, o flavononol aromadendrina 4\'-O-metil éter e o fenilpropanoide ácido p-cumárico. A Fração BD-RH foi submetida a fracionamento por coluna clássica e duas das frações resultantes foram submetidas a processo de recristalização fornecendo os triterpenos óxido de baccharis e o friedelanol. Frações do extrato BD-L foram submetidas a fracionamento por cromatografia líquida a vácuo (CLV) e coluna clássica, resultando em 30 frações que foram submetidas a CLAE-PREP, fornecendo a flavanona isosakuranetina e o flavonol 3- O - metil - kaempferol. Obteve-se também o extrato da resina de P. elliottii que foi submetido à hidrodestilação em Clevenger para a retirada de sua fração volátil e o decocto restante foi particionado com AcOEt o que possibilitou a obtenção do extrato da resina de P. elliottii (extrato PE). O extrato foi submetido a CLAE-PREP fornecendo o ácido deidroabiético. Para os extratos BD e PE foram determinadas as atividades frente as micobactérias M. avium, M. kansasii, M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis e M. bovis, utilizando-se a metodologia para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Ambos os extratos apresentaram-se ativos frente as micobactérias testadas, exceto o extrato de B. dracunculifolia frente a M. smegmatis. Avaliaram-se também as atividades antibacteriana e antifúngica do extrato das folhas de B. dracunculifolia, suas frações e substâncias isoladas, bem como de padrões comerciais de B. dracunculifolia. Foram também avaliados o extrato BD-L e o extrato BD-R, bem como o extrato PE e a substância majoritária isolada do mesmo. As atividades foram avaliadas para determinação da CIM frente às bactérias S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. choleraesuis, E. coli, B. subtilis, H. pylori e aos fungos T. mentagrophytes e C. albicans. Nenhum extrato, ou fração de B. dracunculifolia foi ativo frente às bactérias Gram negativas e somente a substância isosakuranetina foi ativa frente a S. choleraesuis, mas sem capacidade bactericida. O extrato PE foi ativo frente a todos os micro-organismos avaliados, exceto E. coli. O ácido deidroabiético, isolado do mesmo, foi ativo frente a todos os micro-organismos, exceto as bactérias Gram negativas. Avaliou-se também a associação dos extratos de B. dracunculifolia, suas frações, bem como o extrato de P. elliottii, em concentrações sub-inibitórias em associação aos antimicrobianos de uso comercial, frente aos mesmos micro-organismos avaliados para a determinação da CIM. Observou-se uma interação negativa dos extratos e frações de B. dracunculifolia com o antifúngico cetoconazol ii que apresentou valores de CIM mais elevados quando associado aos extratos e frações em comparação ao observado sem a associação. Apenas o extrato da resina de PE reduziu os valores de CIM quando associado ao cetoconazol. Já quando associados ao antifúngico fluconazol observou-se uma interação benéfica entre todos os extratos e frações avaliados, observando-se como melhor resultado a redução dos valores de CIM de 512 ?g/mL para 2 ?g/mL quando o fluconazol foi associado à fração F. AcOEt BD (50 ?g/mL), reduzindo também os valores de CFM de 512 ?g/mL para 64 ?g/mL, o que indica a possibilidade de associação entre o antifúngico comercial e os extratos BD e PE como uma nova abordagem frente a crescente resistência aos antimicrobianos disponíveis no mercado. Avaliou-se também o potencial desinfetante bactericida da solução hidroalcoólica de B. dracunculifolia a 0,2% em álcool 40º GL, a qual foi efetiva frente às bactérias S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. choleraesuis e E. coli. Avaliou-se também a atividade desinfetante fungicida frente a T. mentagrophytes, das soluções hidroalcoólicas a 0,2% à 40ºGL de B. dracunculifolia e de P. elliotti, bem como da solução hidroalcoólica 40ºGL, como controle. Ambas apresentaram-se ativas e o controle não foi ativo contra os micro-organismos avaliados. Os extratos a 0,2% em álcool 40ºGL foram melhores do que os observados na determinação da CIM. Portanto, sugere-se que o álcool 40ºGL esteja agindo como um adjuvante possibilitando melhor atividade ao extrato. As soluções de B. dracunculifolia e de P. elliotti separadas e em associação foram avaliadas para determinar a atividade desinfetante esporocida frente aos micro-organismos B. subtilis e C. sporogenes, mas não foram ativas. Conclui-se que as duas plantas avaliadas apresentam potencial para o desenvolvimento de produtos antimicrobianos, destacando-se o efeito sinérgico dos extratos em associação com o fluconazol.
Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) popularly known as \"alecrim do campo\" is a woody shrub, native from the southeast of Brazil, widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory and gastrointestinal diseases. Antibacterial, antifungal and anti-parasitic activities were also reported. Pinus elliottii is an exotic species that was introduced in southeast of Brazil as a reforestation specie and spread rapidly. Pinus plants are rich in phenolic components and terpenes, and some diterpenes display antimicrobial activity. With the resurgence of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, there is a growing interest in investigating new substances for the treatment of topical and systemic infections, as well as the development of sterilizing or antiseptic products to be used in domestic, industrial and hospital. In the present study we have obtained the extracts of aerial parts (BD) and roots (BD-R) of B. dracunculifolia, by maceration process using aqueous ethanol 96:4, along with its leaves rinsed extract (BD- L). The extracts were submitted to different chromatographic techniques and the obtained fractions and isolated compounds were submitted to antimicrobial evaluation. The BD extract was partitioned using an apparatus for high-speed countercurrent chromatography, followed by preparative HPLC, furnishing the flavone hispidulin, flavononol aromadendrin-4-O-metyl-ether and the phenylpropanoid p-coumaric acid. The BD-RH fraction was subjected to fractionation by classical column and two of the resulting fractions were subjected to recrystallization process furnishing the triterpenes baccharis oxide and friedelinol. Fractions from BD-L extract were submitted to fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography (CLV), classical column and preparative HPLC furnishing the flavanone isosakuranetin and flavonol 3 - O - methyl - kaempferol. The P. elliottii the resin was subjected to hydrodistillation in Clevenger for the separation of its volatile fraction, and decoction water was partitioned with EtOAc to furnish the fixed components fraction of P. elliottii resin (PE extract), which was submitted to preparative HPLC to furnish dehydroabietic acid. The activity of BD and PE extracts were determined against Mycobacterium avium, M. kansasii, M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, using the methodology for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Both extracts showed activity against all mycobacteria tested, except for the BD extract against M. smegmatis. It was also evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the B. dracunculifolia extract, fractions, isolated and commercial available compounds along with BD-R, BD-L and dehydroabietic acid. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by MIC determination against the bacterias S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. choleraesuis, E. coli, B. subtilis, H. pylori and fungi T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans. Neither extract nor B. dracunculifolia fraction were active against Gram negative microorganisms, except isosakuranetin that was active against S. choleraesuis, but not with bactericidal activity. PE extract was active against all microorganisms assessed, except for E. coli. The dehydroabietic acid was active against all microorganisms except for Gram negative bacteria. B. dracunculifolia extract were combined with P. elliottii extract, as well as in sub-inhibitory concentrations, in combination with antimicrobial drugs, against the same tested microorganisms. It was observed a negative interaction of all extracts and fractions of B. dracunculifolia with the antifungal ketoconazole, which displayed higher MIC values when combined. Only PE extract lead to a reduction in MIC values in combination with ketoconazole. However, for antifungal fluconazole all samples diminished the MIC values. The best result iv was observed when fluconazole was associated with BD EtOAc fraction (50 ?g/mL) leading to a reduction of MIC values from 512 ?g/mL to 2 ?g/mL, which should be consider for further development to face antimicrobial resistance. It was assessed the potential bactericidal disinfectant potential of B. dracunculifolia extract 0.2% in 40 ºGL alcohol, which was effective against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. choleraesuis and E. coli. I was also evaluated the disinfectant fungicidal activity of the hydroalcoholic solutions of 0.2% B. dracunculifolia and. P. elliottii, extracts in 40º GL, as well as the 40 ºGL alcohol solution as control. Both extracts solutions were active against T. mentagrophytes, and the control was not active. The activities of 0.2% extracts in alcohol 40 º GL were better than those observed in the MIC determination without ethanol. Therefore, it is suggest that ethanol 40º GL is acting as an adjuvant allowing better activity of the extract. Solutions of B. dracunculifolia and P. elliottii extracts, alone and in combination were inactive in the sporicidal disinfectant assay against B. subtilis and C. sporogenes. Overall, the two plants have the potential for the development of antimicrobial products, especially with regards to the synergistic effect of the extracts in combination with fluconazole.
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Doukas, Georgios. "Pierre Boaistuau (c. 1517-1566) and the employment of humanism in mid sixteenth-century France." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3239/.

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This study examines the manifestations of French humanism in sixteenth-century intellectual culture, through an analysis, for the first time, of the entirety of the works of Pierre Boaistuau. An eminent French humanist writer, on whose life little information exists, Boaistuau emerges far more prolific than any previous study has hitherto recognised. Thus, on a first level, his case offers the opportunity for an exploration of the developments of French print culture at the time. In addition, careful examination of the contents of his widely circulated works sheds new light on the ways humanist themes and values were incorporated into contemporary literary production, and were used for different purposes which surpassed the mere celebration of ancient learning. Boaistuau employed seven genres in order to compile seven books of different natures, all of them however grafted onto a humanist framework. Associated with narrative fiction, Renaissance philosophy, political theory, the study of history, and natural philosophy, his works demonstrate how the classical past and the humanist values of virtue, erudition, and self-discipline were used in a variety of ways in mid sixteenth-century France: for promotion of a moralising message, praise of the French monarchy, bolstering the Catholic faith, and enhancing the understanding of the natural world.
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18

Erhardt, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Zu Klinik und Zellbiologie der chronischen Hepatitis-B- und C-Infektion / Andreas Erhardt." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1170532276/34.

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19

Jäschke, Britta [Verfasser]. "Neue multinäre nitridische Keramiken in den Systemen B/P/N/(C), Al/P/N/(C) und Si/N/C aus molekularen und polymeren Vorläufern / Britta Jäschke." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1172611645/34.

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20

Crispim, Myuki Alfaia Esashika. "Genotipagem do vírus da Hepatite C e do vírus da Hepatite Delta na Amazônia ocidental brasileira." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2007. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3643.

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Hepatitis B and D are endemic in the Western Brazilian Amazon region , but few studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic variability of both viruses. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a high genetic variability, with eight different genotypes defined (A-H). In present classification hepatitis D virus (HDV) is also supposed to present eight different genotypes (I-VIII). The aim of this study was to describe the genotypes of the virus B and D of the Western Brazilian Amazon region. We selected 190 samples of chronic carriers with HBV and 50 of them presented double infection with HDV. The serum samples of HBV were submitted to the genotyping through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), with type-specific primers . In the reactive samples for HDV RNA by RT-PCR was used the genotyping by Restriction Fragment Lenght Polymorphism (RFLP). The genotype A of HBV was detected as the most frequent, in 91 participants (56,5%), following by genotype F, in 41 (25,5%), and genotype D, in 29 (18,0%). In the HDV genotyping, we found only the genotype III. This study showed that the genotypes A, D and F of VHB and the genotype III of HDV represented the predominant genotypes in the Western Brazilian Amazon.
As hepatites B e D são endêmicas na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira, mas poucos estudos têm buscado investigar a variabilidade genética de ambos os vírus. O vírus da Hepatite B (VHB) tem uma alta variabilidade genética, sendo definidos oito genótipos distintos (A-H). O vírus da hepatite D (VHD), na atual classificação, também é sugerido apresentar oito genótipos (I-VIII). O presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever os genótipos do vírus B e D na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. Selecionamos 190 amostras de portadores crônicos do vírus da hepatite B, sendo que, destas, 50 apresentavam infecção dupla com o VHD. As amostras de soro do VHB foram submetidas a genotipagem por meio da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), com iniciadores tipo específicos. Em amostras reativas para o VHD RNA por RT-PCR foi realizada a genotipagem por Análise do Polimorfismo do Tamanho de Fragmentos de Restrição (RFLP). Foi detectado o genótipo A como o mais freqüente em 91 participantes (56,5%), seguido pelo F em 41(25,5%), e o D em 29 (18,0%). Na genotipagem para o VHD encontramos somente o genótipo III. Este estudo mostrou que os genótipos A, D e F do VHB e o genótipo III do VHD, representam os genótipos predominantes na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira.
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21

Schlundt, Waldemar [Verfasser]. "Neue Colchicin-Analoga mit modifiziertem B/C Ringsystem als kovalent Tubulin-bindende Wirkstoffe und Stereoselektive Totalsynthese von (2R)-α-Tocopherol durch desymmetrisierende C-C-Aktivierung / Waldemar Schlundt." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155057201/34.

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22

Hederich, Philipp David [Verfasser], Marion B. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Kiechle, and Andreas C. [Gutachter] Schnelzer. "Untersuchungen zur Kachexie und Sarkopenie beim fortgeschrittenen Ovarialkarzinom / Philipp David Hederich ; Gutachter: Marion B. Kiechle, Andreas C. Schnelzer ; Betreuer: Marion B. Kiechle." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143124960/34.

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23

Hörtz, Martin [Verfasser]. "Die Gefährdung von Tatbeteiligten im Anwendungsbereich der §§ 315 b, 315 c StGB / Martin Hörtz." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105293092/34.

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24

Heger-Stevic, Julia Katharina [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Nassal. "Funktionelle und strukturelle Rolle der basischen C-terminalen Nukleinsäurebindungsdomäne des Hepatitis B Virus Coreproteins." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/118419856X/34.

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25

Oliveira, Luciana Gonzaga de. "Sintese total das (+)-crocacinas C e D : sintese dos fragmentos 6,6-espirocetal das espirofunginas A e B." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248479.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Dias
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutor em Quimica
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26

Lacombe, Francis. "Sensibilité des cellules leucémiques à la 1-B-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ARA-C) : étude par cytométrie en flux." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28310.

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27

Tretbar, Maik [Verfasser], and Christian B. W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Stark. "Untersuchungen zur Eisenkatalysierten Epoxidierung und C-H-Oxidation / Maik Tretbar. Betreuer: Christian B. W. Stark." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030365628/34.

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28

Heupel, Esther [Verfasser]. "Impact of pre-treatment with B. bifidum S17 on C. rodentium-induced colitis / Esther Heupel." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081212683/34.

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29

Mao, Lujia [Verfasser], Todd B. [Gutachter] Marder, and Kálmán J. [Gutachter] Szabó. "Transition Metal-Catalyzed Construction of Benzyl/Allyl sp3 and Vinyl/Allenyl sp2 C-B Bonds / Lujia Mao ; Gutachter: Todd B. Marder, Kálmán J. Szabó." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116957288X/34.

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30

Michel, Konstanze [Verfasser], Michaela [Gutachter] Kuhn, and Thomas [Gutachter] Müller. "Die kardiale Bedeutung des Hormons C-Typ natriuretisches Peptid (CNP) und dessen Guanylylcyclase B (GC-B) Rezeptor / Konstanze Michel ; Gutachter: Michaela Kuhn, Thomas Müller." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120609804X/34.

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31

Andersson, Moa, and André Folkestad. "A B C, hur svårt är D? : En studie i lärares val av strategier i den initiala bokstavsinlärningen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22004.

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I denna studie har vi undersökt hur lärare arbetar med den initiala bokstavsinlärningen samt hur de väljer att motivera sina val av metod(er). Utifrån den tidigare forskningen framkommer det att det inte finns en given metod, utan många studier visar att lärare inte har några preferenser gällande metoderna. Samtidigt ställer sig många forskare frågande till vilken metod som är att föredra, vilket resulterat i olika läger: de som förespråkar den syntetiska metoden, de som förespråkar den analytiska samt de som kombinerar de två metoderna. I vår studie intervjuade vi fem lärare i åk F-1 gällande deras undervisning i bokstavsinlärning för att undersöka vad som ligger till grund för deras resonemang. De intervjuade lärarna betonade ljudningen som särskilt viktig i den initiala bokstavsinlärningen, men uttryckte även att det inte fanns en given metod att föredra. De beskrev därmed sin undervisning som varierande och en kombination av de båda metoderna. Ytterligare en aspekt som de framhävde var vikten av kunskap inom området, för att kunna göra kvalificerade beslut för att således gynna elevernas lärande och fortsätta utvecklas i sin profession. Det som avgjorde hur de arbetade med bokstavsinlärningen grundade sig främst i elevernas behov och intressen.
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32

Fritz, Susanne [Verfasser]. "Contact Formation of Ag/Al Screen-Printing Pastes to Heavily B-Doped c-Si / Susanne Fritz." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115667432/34.

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33

Granone, Luis Ignacio [Verfasser], Detlef W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bahnemann, Nadja-C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bigall, and Cecilia B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mendive. "An iron-based photoelectrode / Luis Ignacio Granone ; Detlef W. Bahnemann, Nadja-C. Bigall, Cecilia B. Mendive." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195136951/34.

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34

Stötter, Loraine [Verfasser], and August [Gutachter] Stich. "Prävalenz von Hepatitis B und C Infektionen bei Gesundheitsmitarbeitern in Tansania / Loraine Stötter ; Gutachter: August Stich." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130587959/34.

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35

Saturno, Juvaní Lago. "Análise imuno-histoquímica da Bcl-2, Bcl-6, c-Myc e ciclina D1 em linfomas de células B da região oral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-06082014-144841/.

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Neste trabalho foram analisados 30 casos de linfomas de células B da região oral, fixados em solução de formaldeído e incluídos em parafina, através da técnica de imuno-histoquímica para as proteínas c-Myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-6 e ciclina D1. Dos casos analisados 40% foram positivos para a marcação para c-Myc, 33,3% para a marcação para ciclina D1, 83,3% para a marcação para Bcl-2 e 53,3% para a marcação para Bcl-6. Todos os casos foram diagnosticados como linfomas difusos de grandes células B, o subtipo de linfoma com a maior casuística. A análise destas proteínas é de fundamental importância para o diagnóstico e direcionamento do tratamento de doenças hematopoiéticas, pois estão envolvidas em vários processos de controle da transcrição gênica, do ciclo celular e dos processos apoptóticos e o aumento do conhecimento sobre sua ação em diferentes subtipos de linfomas pode corroborar outros estudos.
In this study, 30 cases of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded B-cell lymphomas of the oral region were submitted to immunohistochemistry for the detection of proteins c-Myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-6 and cyclin D1. Fourty percent (40%) of the studied cases were positive for c-Myc, 10% for cyclin D1, 83.3% for Bcl-2 and 53.3% for Bcl-6. The analysis of these proteins has fundamental importance for the diagnosis and treatment course of hematopoietic diseases, because they are involved in various processes controlling gene transcription and cell cycle. All cases were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, the subtype with the highest incidence. The analysis of these proteins is very important for the diagnosis and treatment course of hematopoietic diseases, because they are involved in various processes controlling gene transcription, cell cycle and apoptotic processes and an increase in the knowledge of their action in different subtypes of lymphomas can corroborate to other studies.
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36

Fröbel, Julia [Verfasser], and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Doppel-Arginin-Translokation: Neue Einblicke in die Interaktionen und Funktionen der Tat-Komponenten TatA, B und C." Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1123474249/34.

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37

Bormann, Stefanie [Verfasser], and A. C. B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Cato. "Anterior Gradient 2 Genprodukte als Marker und Regulatoren der Prostatakrebsprogression / Stefanie Bormann. Betreuer: A. C. B. Cato." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102308175X/34.

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38

Emmerich, Maximilian [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Schäfer. "Decay Form factors for Λb,c and B with QCD sum rules / Maximilian Emmerich ; Betreuer: Andreas Schäfer." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166950751/34.

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39

Kohlhoff, Eike Robert [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung und Modellierung des Verformungs- und Ermüdungsverhaltens der einkristallinen Nickelbasislegierung CMSX-8(B/C) / Eike Robert Kohlhoff." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168534860/34.

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40

Karakaya, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Auswirkungen der Spritzenvergabe im Justizvollzug auf Drogenkonsumverhalten und Neuinfektionen mit Hepatitis B, C und HIV / Stefan Karakaya." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023624915/34.

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41

Wilhelm, Frank [Verfasser]. "Prävalenzen und Risikofaktoren für Hepatitis-B- und -C-Virus-Infektionen bei HAART-naiven HIV-Patienten / Frank Wilhelm." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036140105/34.

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42

Tscheuschler, Maike Karoline [Verfasser]. "Expressionsprofil ausgewählter Micro-RNAs bei Hepatitis B- und Hepatitis C-Virus assoziiertem hepatozellulären Karzinom / Maike Karoline Tscheuschler." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101293361X/34.

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43

Klemm, Sarah [Verfasser], Hans C. W. E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Geinitz, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Molls. "Strahlentherapie des diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms : Eine retrospektive Analyse / Sarah Klemm. Gutachter: Hans C.-W. E. Geinitz ; Michael Molls. Betreuer: Hans C.-W. E. Geinitz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059477319/34.

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44

Thomas, Christopher M. "Measurement of the strong-phase difference between D⁰ and D⁻⁰ decays to K⁰sK⁺K⁻ at CLEO-c and a determination of observables related to CP violation in B±→DK± decays at LHCb." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28215992-345e-42cd-b2e7-1c8947359adf.

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A central goal of flavour physics is a precise determination of the elements of the CKM matrix, which quantifies the strength of charged-current weak interactions between quarks. Of particular interest is the angle γ in the 'b-d' unitarity triangle parameterisation of the CKM matrix. One of the most promising methods to determine γ directly is to measure CP violation in interfering B±->DK± decays, where D indicates a coherent superposition of D0 and D0bar, both of which decay to the same final state. When using this method it is essential to determine the hadronic decay parameters of the D precisely in order to reduce the systematic uncertainties on the measurement of γ. One such parameter is the strong-phase difference between D0 and D0bar decays, which must be accurately known across the entire kinematic phase space. In this thesis we present measurements related to the determination of γ at both the CLEO-c experiment at Cornell University and the LHCb experiment at CERN. Firstly, we describe a model-independent determination of the D->KsKK strong-phase difference using 818pb-1 of quantum-correlated D0-D0bar data collected by CLEO-c at the ψ(3770) resonance. We reconstruct D->KsKK decays tagged with a variety of final states. By studying these decays we determine the weighted cosine and sine of the strong-phase difference in bins across the Dalitz plane. We run simulations to estimate the impact of these measurements on a determination of γ using B±->D(KsKK)K± decays. The resulting uncertainty on γ due to the CLEO-c inputs is between 3.2° and 3.9°, depending on how the Dalitz plane is binned. Furthermore, we present a model-independent measurement of the CP content of the decay D0->KsKK in the kinematic region of the φ->KK resonance. The fraction of CP-odd events in this region is 0.76 or higher at the 90% C.L. We also present an analysis of data recorded by LHCb in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.5pb-1. We reconstruct the decays B±->D(Kπ)h± and B±->D(KK)h±, where h± indicates either K± or π±. Although there are not enough events in this dataset to measure γ, we are able to measure other observables related to CP violation in the B±->Dh± system. We measure B(DK,Fav)/B(Dπ,Fav), the ratio of the branching fraction of B±->D(Kπ)K± to that of B±->D(Kπ)π±, to be 0.066 ± 0.005 ± 0.004, and B(DK,CP)/B(Dπ,CP), the ratio of the branching fraction of B±->D(KK)K± to that of B±->D(KK)π±, to be 0.093 ± 0.019 ± 0.005. We determine several CP asymmetries: A(CP+,DK), the CP asymmetry in B±->D(KK)K± decays, is measured as 0.06 ± 0.17 ± 0.07; A(CP+,Dπ), the CP asymmetry in B±->D(KK)π± decays, is found to be 0.009 ± 0.042 ± 0.011; and A(Fav,DK), the CP asymmetry in B±->D(Kπ)K± decays, is measured as -0.109 ± 0.085 ± 0.019. Finally we calculate R(CP+), the ratio of the branching fraction of B±->D(KK)K± to that of B±->D(Kπ)K±, to be 1.41 ± 0.31 ± 0.11. These results indicate that LHCb is in a strong position to make a world-leading measurement of γ with a larger data sample.
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Börger, Carsten, Arndt W. Schmidt, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "First total syntheses of chrestifoline-B and (±)-chrestifoline-C, and improved synthetic routes to bismurrayafoline-A, bismurrayafolinol and chrestifoline-D." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-149146.

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46

De, La Torre Sousa César Augusto, Navarro Catherine Vanessa Figueroa, Rios Carlos Flavio Huamaní, and Rodríguez César Oswaldo Ramírez. "Factores críticos del sector inmobiliario para incursionar del NSE A y B al NSE C y D de Lima Metropolitana." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8696.

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xiii, 163 h. : il. ; 30cm.
La investigación se centra en conocer los factores críticos para incursionar en el sector inmobiliario con departamentos en los niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) C y D para que promotores-constructores de pequeñas empresas de Lima Metropolitana, quienes actualmente construyen para los NSE A y B, puedan enfocar sus ventas en dichos niveles socioeconómicos. El conocimiento de los factores críticos, la identificación del tipo de mindset de un grupo de promotores-constructores entrevistados de pequeñas empresas y la propuesta de un tipo de departamento para incursionar en sectores populares ayudarán a solucionar en parte la problemática de aquellos promotores-constructores que no pueden dirigirse a los NSE C y D con proyectos masivos, permitiendo que estas empresas tengan mayores posibilidades de ampliar sus mercados y aprovechar las oportunidades que presenta la coyuntura inmobiliaria donde la demanda de viviendas en dicho sector sigue creciendo y la oferta actual no es suficiente. La investigación es del tipo exploratorio y ha utilizado un enfoque cualitativo. La muestra de promotores-constructores fue no probabilística, bajo el tipo experto y homogéneo. Los datos fueron recolectados de entrevistas en profundidad con una guía de preguntas que se indican en el capítulo 3. Las respuestas han sido grabadas y transcritas con la autorización de los entrevistados. Para procesar la información, se usó como herramienta el software Atlas TI, el cual permitió agrupar las respuestas de cada entrevistado ordenándolas de acuerdo con la antigüedad en el negocio. Los resultados indican que los factores críticos son cinco: parámetros urbanísticos del distrito, respaldo económico, importancia en la compra del terreno, optimización de los costos en la construcción y experiencia del promotor. Asimismo, se infiere que el tipo de mindset predominante en el grupo de promotores-constructores entrevistados es del tipo no empresarial, constringente y colectivo. III A partir de estos resultados, se construye un gráfico (mapa mental) de la relación entre los factores críticos y el tipo de mindset, para luego generar cuatro proposiciones que explica la relación del factor parámetros urbanísticos con el tipo de mindset fixed. Asimismo, el de los factores respaldo económico, compra de terreno y experiencia del promotor con el tipo de mindset constringente, y el del factor optimizar costos en construir con el tipo de mindset no empresarial. Sobre la alternativa de un tipo de departamento para incursionar en los NSE C y D en forma no masiva, se propone departamentos tipo loft, al ser un ambiente con pocos muros y espacios integrados de acuerdo con lo mencionado en el capítulo 2. El loft permite optimizar los costos de construcción, que es uno de los factores críticos identificados. Esta propuesta de vivienda puede dirigirse a los siguientes grupos sociales de los NSE C y D: (a) jóvenes profesionales y estudiantes universitarios; (b) personas con estilo de vida del tipo emprendedores y sensoriales, seleccionado de Arellano (2003); (c) hogares con pocos integrantes como los del tipo partida, tipo inicio y tipo fuera de ciclo, tomado de Ipsos Apoyo (2012); y (d) inversionistas. Las ventajas de ofrecer departamentos tipo loft para los NSE C y D son: (a) ampliación del negocio, al captar un público objetivo cuya demanda de vivienda no es atendida; y (b) al ser un departamento de transición, se podría construir mayor número de ambientes de uno o dos dormitorios para un público objetivo específico
The research is focused on identifying the critical factors to invest in real estate with apartments designed for socioeconomic status C and D so order that the developers-builders, which belong to small companies of Lima Metropolitan, who currently build for socioeconomic status A and B wil focus their sales in socioeconomic status C and D. Identifying the critical factors, finding the type of mindset of the group of developersbuilders, which compose the research sample, and proposing a type of housing, mainly apartments, to move into popular sectors, will help party to solve the problems of those developers-builders who currently can not address the socioeconomic status C and D with massive projects, allowing these companies to have greater opportunities to expand their markets and take advantage of opportunities presented by the real estate situation where the demand for housing in said sectors continues to grow and the current supply is not sufficient. The research is exploratory and uses a qualitative approach. The developers-builders sample was not random under the expert and homogeneous type. Data were collected from interviews with a guide of questions listed in Chapter 3. The responses were recorded and transcribed with the permission of the interviewees. In order to process the data we used a software tool called Atlas TI which allowed us to group the responses of each interviewee according to their years of experience in the business. The results showed five critical factors: zoning parameters of the districts, economic support, importance of the land purchase, optimization of construction cost and the developer´s experience. Also, it seems that the type of mindset prevalent in the group of developers-builders is the non-business, constricting and collectivistic type. From these results we built a graphical map of the relationship between the critical factors and the type of mindset, in order to generate four proposals that will explain, for instance, the relationship among the zoning parameters of districts, the fixed mindset, the V economic support, the important of the land purchase and developer´s experience with the constricting mindset, and finally the optimization of construction cost with the non-business mindset. The type of housing proposed to venture into socioeconomic status C and D in a nonmassive way will be the loft apartment since it implies few walls and integrated spaces as mentioned in Chapter 2. The loft apartment allows optimizing construction costs, which is one of the critical factors identified. The target market for this type of housing in the socioeconomic status C and D will be: (a) young professionals and college students, (b) people with an enterprising and sensorial lifestyle, according to author Arellano (2003), (c) households with few members such as departure type, initiation type and off-cycle type, taken from Ipsos Apoyo (2012), and (d) investors. The advantages of offering loft apartments for socioeconomic status C and D are: (a) business expansion identifying a target audience whose housing demands are not satisfied, and (b) building a higher number of one or two-bedroom apartments for a specific target audience
Tesis
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Zhuang, Chunqiang [Verfasser]. "Theoretical investigation and experimental confirmation of crystalline and amorphous Si, B, C, N–based hard materials / Chunqiang Zhuang." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038845424/34.

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Stoica, Mihai [Verfasser]. "Casting and characterization of Fe-(Cr,Mo,Ga)-(P,C,B) soft magnetic bulk metallic glasses / Mihai Stoica." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186588829/34.

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Darstein, Fabian [Verfasser]. "Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren von Hepatitis B und C bei Patienten einer Berliner Rettungsstelle : eine analytische Querschnittstudie / Fabian Darstein." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070819492/34.

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Lik, Artur [Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Helten, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Albrecht. "Thienyl- and furylborane oligomers, polymers, and macrocycles - dvelopment of a catalytic Si/B exchange reaction as a novel B-C bond formation method / Artur Lik ; Holger Helten, Markus Albrecht." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117181867X/34.

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