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El-Mukhlef, Ali, Shoala A. Kharouf Kharouf, and Ahmad Al-Khalaf. "Effect of Temperature on Efficacy of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizum anisopliae Against the Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 41, no. 2 (2023): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-41.2.134139.
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El-Mukhlef, A.A., Sh.A. Kharouf and A. Al-Khalaf. 2023. Effect of Temperature on Efficacy of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizum anisopliae Against the Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(2): 134-139. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-41.2.134139 An experiment was conducted in the plant protection laboratory of the Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform in Raqqa Province during 2013, to assess the effect of temperature and four spores suspension concentrations (1.5×102 , 103 , 104 and 105 spores/insect) on the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizum anisopliae against the Sunn pest (Eurygaster inegriceps Puton). Insect adults dorsal side were inoculated with 1.5×103 spores/insect of B. bassiana and caused insects mortality at a temperature range of 22-31°C, with optimum effect at 25°C, with a LT50 of 5.3 days after inoculation. In contrast, M. anisopliae had a wider temperature range up to 37°C, with optimal effect at 28- 31°C with LT50 of 5 days. No significant differences were observed between the fungal concentrations of 1.5×103 and 1.5×105 . Results obtained for using the four fungal spore suspension concentrations (1.5×102 , 1.5×103 , 1.5×104 , 1.5×105 spores/insect) under optimum conditions for each fungus indicated that the LT50 was close among concentrations, whereas, there was significant difference between the fungal two concentrations 1.5×102 and 1.5×104 , and B. bassiana was most effective at 1.5×104 spores/insect, in contrast to M. anisopliae which was most effective at 1.5×102 spores/insect. Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizum anisopliae, Eurygaster inegriceps, Sunn Pest, biological control.
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Householder, Aaron, Lauren M. Weiss, James E. Owen, Howard Isaacson, Andrew W. Howard, Daniel Fabrycky, Leslie A. Rogers, et al. "Investigating the Atmospheric Mass Loss of the Kepler-105 Planets Straddling the Radius Gap." Astronomical Journal 167, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad19c6.
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Abstract An intriguing pattern among exoplanets is the lack of detected planets between approximately 1.5 R ⊕ and 2.0 R ⊕. One proposed explanation for this “radius gap” is the photoevaporation of planetary atmospheres, a theory that can be tested by studying individual planetary systems. Kepler-105 is an ideal system for such testing due to the ordering and sizes of its planets. Kepler-105 is a Sun-like star that hosts two planets straddling the radius gap in a rare architecture with the larger planet closer to the host star (R b = 2.53 ± 0.07 R ⊕, P b = 5.41 days, R c = 1.44 ± 0.04 R ⊕, P c = 7.13 days). If photoevaporation sculpted the atmospheres of these planets, then Kepler-105b would need to be much more massive than Kepler-105c to retain its atmosphere, given its closer proximity to the host star. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously analyzed radial velocities and transit-timing variations of the Kepler-105 system, measuring disparate masses of M b = 10.8 ± 2.3 M ⊕ (ρ b = 3.68 ± 0.84 g cm−3) and M c = 5.6 ± 1.2 M ⊕ (ρ c = 10.4 ± 2.39 g cm−3). Based on these masses, the difference in gas envelope content of the Kepler-105 planets could be entirely due to photoevaporation (in 76% of scenarios), although other mechanisms like core-powered mass loss could have played a role for some planet albedos.
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REDDY, N. RUKMA, KRISTIN M. MARSHALL, TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY, VIVIANA LOEZA, EDUARDO PATAZCA, GUY E. SKINNER, KATHIRAVAN KRISHNAMURTHY, and JOHN W. LARKIN. "Combined High Pressure and Thermal Processing on Inactivation of Type A and Proteolytic Type B Spores of Clostridium botulinum." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-538.
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The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of multiple strains of Clostridium botulinum type A and proteolytic type B spores exposed to combined high pressure and thermal processing and compare their resistance with Clostridium sporogenes PA3679 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TMW-2.479-Fad-82 spores. The resistance of spores suspended in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.0) was determined at a process temperature of 105°C, with high pressures of 600, 700, and 750 MPa by using a laboratory-scale pressure test system. No surviving spores of the proteolytic B strains were detected after processing at 105°C and 700 MPa for 6 min. A >7-log reduction of B. amyloliquefaciens spores was observed when processed for 4 min at 105°C and 700 MPa. D-values at 105°C and 700 MPa for type A strains ranged from 0.57 to 2.28 min. C. sporogenes PA3679 had a D-value of 1.48 min at 105°C and 700 MPa. Spores of the six type A strains with high D-values along with C. sporogenes PA3679 and B. amyloliquefaciens were further evaluated for their pressure resistance at pressures 600 and 750 MPa at 105°C. As the process pressure increased from 600 to 750 MPa at 105°C, D-values of some C. botulinum strains and C. sporogenes PA3679 spores decreased (i.e., 69-A, 1.91 to 1.33 min and PA3679, 2.35 to 1.29 min). Some C. botulinum type A strains were more resistant than C. sporogenes PA3679 and B. amyloliquefaciens to combined high pressure and heat, based on D-values determined at 105°C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was also performed to establish whether strains with a similar restriction banding pattern also exhibited similar D-values. However, no correlation between the genomic background of a strain and its resistance to high pressure processing was observed, based on PFGE analysis. Spores of proteolytic type B strains of C. botulinum were less resistant to combined high pressure and heat (700 MPa and 105°C) treatment when compared with spores of type A strains.
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Billah, Mustansar, Syed Muhammad Raza Shah, and Muhammad Mujtaba Hashir. "HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C;." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 08 (August 4, 2018): 1245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.88.
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of HBV and HCV among blood donorscoming voluntarily at the blood bank of Ibne- Siena hospital and research centre, Multan,Pakistan, to ascertain the disease burden in the community for their future prevention andcontrol. Study Design: It was a descriptive, cross- sectional study on blood units donated byhealthy individuals coming voluntarily for blood donation, and willing to get their blood testedfor HBV, HCV. Setting: Community medicine department of Multan medical and dental collegeMultan, and blood bank of affiliated tertiary hospital, Ibn-e- Siena hospital Multan. Period: Sixmonths period from Jan 2016 to June 2016. Materials and Methods: Data of the blood donorswas collected. Present study was based on previous well maintained records of hospital bloodbank. During the reported period, a total of 1195 blood donors attended the blood bank, andthey all were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV. SPSS- 16 was used to analyze the data, fordetermination of frequencies of Hepatitis- B, and C according to the age and gender. Results:Total numbers of blood donors were 1195. 1191 were males, and 4 were females. All thefemales were negative for both HBV, and HCV. Males positive for HBV were 18 (1.5 %), andthose Positive for HCV were 27 (3.2%).
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Ahaotu, Ihuoma, Marvis Wondikom, and Ndukwe Maduka. "A preliminary study on the effect of storage temperatures on the population of Bacillus cereus in dry ginger powder." Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery 6, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2021.159.
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The formation of spores and increase in population of vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus associated with foodborne diseases is dependent on favourable temperature. In this study, B. cereus in a slant obtained from Microbiology Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt was confirmed based on morphological and biochemical tests and inoculated into dry ginger powder using a sterile pipette. The samples were stored at ambient temperature (25°C), refrigeration temperature (4°C) and freezer temperature (-18°C) for 21 days and the microbial counts of B. cereus was monitored at 7 days interval using Bacillus cereus agar base and standard microbiological methods. The result obtained showed that B. cereus steadily increased in population under the storage conditions. The highest microbial count recorded for B. cereus in dry ginger powder stored at 25°C, 4°C and -18°C was 7.15×101 ±0.036, 1.07×102 ± 0.061 and 2.91×102 ± 0.070 CFU/g, respectively. Although the values did not exceed 105 cells/g required to manifest foodborne illness in humans, it remains a risk to public health due to increasing population of B. cereus in dry ginger powder under the storage conditions.
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Jiang, Tao, Zhi Hao Jin, Jian Feng Yang, and Guan Jun Qiao. "High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of the B4C/BN Composites." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.133.
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The B4C/BN composites were fabricated by hot-pressing process. The microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistances of the B4C/BN composites were investigated. It was shown that the h-BN particles were distributed in the B4C ceramics matrix. The mechanical properties of the B4C/BN microcomposites and the B4C/BN nanocomposites decreased gradually with the increasing content of h-BN. The mechanical properties of the B4C/BN nanocomposites were significantly improved in comparison with the B4C/BN microcomposites. The oxidation processes were performed at 1000oC, 1100oC, 1200oC, 1300oC for 20h. The oxidation curves of the B4C monolith, the B4C/BN microcomposites and the B4C/BN nanocomposites decreased gradually with the increase of oxidation temperature and oxidation time. The specimen’s weight and the oxidation resistance decreased gradually with the increase of oxidation temperature and oxidation time. The specimens remained good oxidation resistance at 1000oC; the oxidation resistance decreased remarkably at 1300oC. The decreasing specimen’s weight was attributed to the evaporation of B2O3 which produced by oxidation process of B4C and h-BN. The phase composition and microstructure of specimen’s surface after oxidation process were investigated by XRD and SEM.
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Pollitt, J. J., and Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway. "Prayers in Stone: Greek Architectural Sculpture: c. 600-100 B. C. E." American Journal of Archaeology 104, no. 2 (April 2000): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/507482.
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Gerner, P. "Hepatitis B und C im Kindesalter." Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 09, no. 04 (2009): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629062.
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ZusammenfassungDie Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis B und C konnte in den letzten Jahren durch neue Medikamente und Therapieregime weiter verbessert werden. Im Kindesalter ist die Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis B in der hochvirämischen Phase indiziert, sofern die Transaminasen des Patienten mindestens um das 1,5- bis 2-Fache der Norm erhöht sind. Die zur Verfügung stehenden Medikamente sind Interferon-α und die Nukleosid(tid)analoga Lamivudin und Adefovir dipivoxil. Eine Behandlung mit Interferon-α führt bei 26–38 % der Patienten, die Therapie mit Nukleosid- oder Nukleotidanaloga nach einem Jahr bei 17–36 % zur anti-HBe-Serokonversion und damit zum Verlust von HBeAg und einem dramatischen Abfall der HBVDNA und meist auch der Transaminasen. Wäh-rend die Therapie bislang nach zwölf Monaten beendet wurde, empfiehlt sich heute eine Langzeittherapie bis sechs Monate über die anti-HBe-Serokonversion hinaus. Die Entwicklung weiterer Nukleosidanaloga lässt eine bessere Therapieeffektivität erhoffen. Eine Ausheilung, die anti-HBs-Konversion, wird nur bei rund 5 % und fast nur durch eine Interferon-α-Therapie erreicht. Der Therapieerfolg wird maßgeblich von der Höhe der Viruslast vor Behandlung und dem Grad der Leberentzündung beeinflusst.Im Gegensatz zur Hepatitis B ist das primäre Therapieziel bei chronischer Hepatitis C die Heilung des Patienten. Mittlerweile hat sich die Kombinationstherapie mit Interferon-α und Ribavirin, je nach HCV-Genotyp über 6–12 Mona-te bewährt. Etwa 80 % der Kinder sind mit Genotyp 1 infiziert. Sie haben eine Heilungschance von ca. 50 %. Die Genotypen 2 oder 3 spre-chen deutlich besser auf die Behandlung an. Sie können zu etwa 90 % erfolgreich therapiert werden. Genotyp 4 ist relativ selten und scheint auf eine Behandlung in etwa 70 % anzuspre-chen. Bei erfolglos behandelten Patienten, die aber während oder direkt nach der Therapie zumindest kurzzeitig virusnegativ waren, sollte eine Retherapie erwogen werden. Zudem kann gehofft werden, dass in einigen Jahren neue Medikamente wie Protease- und Polymerase -inhibitoren zur Verfügung stehen, die zurzeit bei erwachsenen Patienten getestet werden.
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Ali, A. Raza, N., S. Qayyum, S. M. Y. ,. Farooq, A. Jillani, M. ,. Nauman, A. R. Ghazi, H. Imran, S. Mushtaq, and M. Z. Ul Abidin. "Sonographic Findings in patients of Hepatitis B & C." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216811.
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Background: Role of Ultrasound into Acute Viral Hepatitis is inadequate for excluding jaundice surgical reasons. Though, here are definite features of ultrasound that may assist us for expect acute viral hepatitis in preliminary only some days previous to clinical jaundice onset. Aim: To determine the sonographic findings in patients of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at The university of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore after Ethical Review Board approval at university of Lahore faculty of Allied Health sciences, Lahore. On the basis of diagnosis inclusion criteria were included adult patients of both genders for abdominal ultrasound. And patients who are willing to participate. In exclusion Criteria excluded the Patient present with any known pathologies. Collection of data was done by the help of convenient technique of sampling according to gender, age as well as sonographic findings of patients with acute viral hepatitis B & C. Results: Out of total number of 162 patients, 129(79%) were males and 33(20%) were females, 94(58%) patients had fever and 68(42%) had no fever. Out of total number of 162 patients, 57(35%) patients had positive Hepatitis B, 105(64%) had negative, 73(45%) patients had positive Hepatitis C, 89(54%) had negative, 67(41%) patients alter liver parenchymal echotexture, 68(42%) had coarse liver echotexture and 27 (16%) had normal homogenous echotexture. 63(38%) patients had irregular margins of liver and 99(61%) had regular margins of liver. 63(39%) had chronic liver disease, 25(15%) had hepatomegaly and 74(45%) had normal size. Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that cirrhosis of liver related with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus more ordinary within man than woman. Cirrhosis of liver related with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus are majorly affect the rural areas. Keywords: Hepatitis B & C, Ultrasonography, Chronic liver disease, Jaundice, liver parenchymal disease.
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Yang, Chih-Chiang, Kuan-Yu Chen, Wei-Sheng Yeh, Yan-Kuin Su, and Zi-Hao Wang. "Ultraviolet Photodetection Application in Magnesium Indium Oxide Thin Film Transistors via Co-Sputtering Deposition." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 26, 2020): 5128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155128.
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A magnesium-doped indium oxide (In2O3:Mg) ultraviolet (UV) thin film phototransistor was fabricated via cosputtering of MgO and In2O3. Three samples with different sputtering power values of In2O3 ranging from 40 to 60 W, namely, sample A with 40 W, sample B with 50 W, and sample C with 60 W, were used in this study. Results confirmed that oxygen vacancy concentration evidently indicates indium content. The experimental results showed that responsivities of samples, defined as the ratio of photocurrent under illumination per input power, increase from 0.0086 to 2.6 A/W. Rejection ratios were 1.2 × 104, 4.3 × 105, and 4.8 × 105 for samples A, B, and C, respectively. Based on our results, sample C is the best among the three MgInO UV phototransistors investigated in this study.
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Correia, AMO, ALB Jurema, MR Andrade, ALS Borges, E. Bresciani, and TMF Caneppele. "Clinical Evaluation of Noncarious Cervical Lesions of Different Extensions Restored With Bulk-fill or Conventional Resin Composite: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): E11—E20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-256-c.
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SUMMARY Purpose: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the influence of the occlusogingival distance (OGD) of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) on the clinical performance of a regular bulk-fill resin composite and a regular nanofilled resin composite. Methods and Materials: A total of 140 restorations were randomly placed in 77 participants by one operator. NCCLs were divided into four groups (n=35) according to OGD (1.5 mm±10% or 3 mm±10%) and resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior [B] or Filtek Z350 XT [C]) used: 1.5 mm-B, 1.5 mm-C, 3 mm-B, and 3 mm-C. A two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied following manufacturer instructions in all restorative procedures. Restorations were polished 1 week after placement. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline (7 days), 6 months, and 1 year by two calibrated examiners, according to the modified US Public Health Service criteria evaluating fractures/retention, marginal staining, marginal adaptation, recurrence of caries, anatomic form, postoperative sensitivity, and surface texture. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for intergroup comparison in each follow-up; the Friedman analysis of variance, followed by the least significant difference test (multiple comparisons) was used for intragroup comparison between baseline and follow-up times (α=0.05). Results: Two restorations were lost at 12 months (1 for 1.5 mm-B and 1 for 3 mm-B). The retention rates at 12 months were 100% for 1.5 mm-C, 97% for 1.5 mm-B, 100% for 3 mm-C; and 97% for 3 mm-B, with no statistical difference among the groups (p=0.570). At 12 months, a statistically significant difference was found among the follow-up times for the same group (1.5 mm-B, 1.5 mm-C, and 3 mm-B) regarding the marginal staining criterion; moreover, the 3 mm-C group showed a significant difference from 6 months. No significant difference was found for the other parameters. Conclusion: Both resin composites showed acceptable clinical performance, and the OGD of NCCLs did not influence the clinical performance of resin composite restorations after 12 months.
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Chan, Vivien W. F., Ingrid Mecklenbräuker, I.-hsin Su, Gemma Texido, Michael Leitges, Rita Carsetti, Clifford A. Lowell, Klaus Rajewsky, Kensuke Miyake, and Alexander Tarakhovsky. "The Molecular Mechanism of B Cell Activation by toll-like Receptor Protein RP-105." Journal of Experimental Medicine 188, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.188.1.93.
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The B cell–specific transmembrane protein RP-105 belongs to the family of Drosophila toll-like proteins which are likely to trigger innate immune responses in mice and man. Here we demonstrate that the Src-family protein tyrosine kinase Lyn, protein kinase C β I/II (PKCβI/II), and Erk2-specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) are essential and probably functionally connected elements of the RP-105–mediated signaling cascade in B cells. We also find that negative regulation of RP-105–mediated activation of MAP kinases by membrane immunoglobulin may account for the phenomenon of antigen receptor–mediated arrest of RP-105–mediated B cell proliferation.
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Kellett, Patti J., Oren P. Anderson, Steven H. Strauss, and Kent D. Abney. "Solid-state motion of OTeF5− compounds: detection by 19F NMR and IR spectroscopy and correlation with the X-ray structure of an orthorhombic crystalline modification of [C14H19N2+][OTeF5−] (C14H19N2+ = protonated 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 2023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-313.
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An orthorhombic crystalline modification of [(PS)H+][OTeF5−] was studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction ((PS)H+ = protonated 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene): orthorhombic, space group Cmcm, a = 8.607(2), b = 14.048(3), c = 13.365(2) Å, Z = 4, T = −130 °C. The structural parameters for the anion and cation in this modification (Mod-B) are very similar to those for the previously reported triclinic modification of this salt (Mod-A). However, variable temperature IR spectra for Mod-B suggest that the OTeF5− anion is exhibiting a two-site O/Fax interchange above −70 °C. Solid-state 19F NMR spectra suggest that this interchange may be as rapid as 104–105 s−1 at room temperature. Keywords: crystal structure of protonated 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene)pentafluorotellurate(VI), polymorphism, solid state 19FNMR.
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Meraz, José Eugenio Vázquez, José Arellano-Galindo, Armando Martínez Avalos, Emma Mendoza-García, and Elva Jiménez-Hernández. "Stem Cell Mobilization with G-CSF versus Cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF in Mexican Children." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4078215.
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Fifty-six aphaereses were performed in 23 pediatric patients with malignant hematological and solid tumors, following three different protocols for PBPC mobilization and distributed as follows: A: seventeen mobilized with 4 g/m2of cyclophosphamide (CFA) and 10 μg/kg/day of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), B: nineteen with CFA + G-CSF, and C: twenty only with G-CSF when the WBC count exceeded 10 × 109/L. The average number of MNC/kg body weight (BW)/aphaeresis was 0.4 × 108(0.1–1.4), 2.25 × 108(0.56–6.28), and 1.02 × 108(0.34–2.5) whereas the average number of CD34+ cells/kg BW/aphaeresis was 0.18 × 106/kg (0.09–0.34), 1.04 × 106(0.19–9.3), and 0.59 × 106(0.17–0.87) and the count of CFU/kg BW/aphaeresis was 1.11 × 105(0.31–2.12), 1.16 × 105(0.64–2.97), and 1.12 × 105(0.3–6.63) in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The collection was better in group B versus group A (p=0.007andp=0.05, resp.) and in group C versus group A (p=0.08andp=0.05, resp.). The collection of PBPCs was more effective in the group mobilized with CFM + G-CSF when the WBC exceeded 10 × 103/μL in terms of MNC and CD34+ cells and there was no toxicity of the chemotherapy.
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Zhang, J. P., D. J. Li, L. D. Marks, C. H. Lin, and J. A. Eades. "Observations of strong pinning centers in Y-Ba-Cu-O." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 1094–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100089780.
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Using additional Y (or Cu) nitrate we had been successful in production of Y-enriched 123 (YBa2Cu3O7-x) as well as Cu-enriched ones. The magnetic Jc at 77K is 106 (B=0) and 105 (B=1 Tesla). A critical issue is the understanding flux pinning in terms of defects in microstructure.Precipitates were observed inside of the 123 crystal as shown in Fig. 1. These precipitated slabs are usually 3 - 10 nm long along c axis of 123 and 101 - 102 nm in the a-b plane, similar to that reported in CVD films. An interesting point is the precipitates found in both Yenriched and Cu-enriched samples have similar size and morphology. It is reasonable to assume those precipitates are the strong pinning centers for the size effect as known in type II superconductors. In the 123 compound the coherent length is about 2∼3 angstrom in the c direction and 16∼30 angstrom in the a-b plane.
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McGing, B. C., and Richard D. Sullivan. "Near Eastern Royalty and Rome 100-30 B. C." Phoenix 47, no. 2 (1993): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1088589.
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Kodom, Piyabalo, Antonio J. Aragón-Barroso, Edem K. Koledzi, Kwamivi Segbeaya, Jesús González-López, and Francisco Osorio. "Microwave Treatment of Three Different Types of Sewage Sludge Based on Their Solar Drying Exposure Time: Effect on Microorganisms, Water Content and Agronomic Aspects." Water 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2024): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020321.
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This study aimed to treat sewage sludge through microwave irradiation at a laboratory scale. The objective was to investigate the effect of microwave irradiation on microorganisms, water content, organic matter, and agronomic nutrients present in sewage sludge. Three types of sewage sludges obtained from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant were considered: Sludge A (raw sludge), Sludge B (subjected to 15 days of solar exposure, achieving 48% dryness), and Sludge C (exposed to solar conditions and left open to the air for 23 months, reaching 94% dryness). These diverse sludges were exposed to microwave irradiation at various power levels (analysed variables: ε (Watts/g), θ (°C), T (min)). The specific exposure powers and temperature levels for the water reduction analysis were: 555, 955, 1355, and 1500 Watts/g and 55, 75, 95, and 105 °C, respectively. On the other hand, microbiological and agronomic nutrient analyses were conducted at 75 °C–1355 W and 95 °C–1355 W. After microwave exposure experiments, the results demonstrated the high effectiveness of microwave technology in eradicating indicator microorganisms of faecal contamination and reducing sludge volume while not affecting trace elements of significant agricultural value. The reduction in Escherichia Coli revealed that 4 min of irradiation was necessary to completely eliminate it to 0 ulog, indicating a 100% reduction, in Sludge A. In Sludges B and C, an additional 1 min was needed under conditions of 75 °C and 1355 W for a mass of 50 g. Moreover, Sludge A (46.27 × 105 or 4.80 ulog of dry matter), Sludge B (1.29 × 106 or 6.11 ulog of dry matter), and Sludge C (8.77 × 104 or 4.94 ulog of dry matter) were heavily contaminated with faecal coliforms. It took 6 min to reduce faecal coliforms to below the detection threshold.
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Calmet Schwartzmann, Fernando H., and Fernando H. Calmet Bruhn. "Hepatitis C." Diagnóstico 56, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v56i1.119.
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El virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) es un virus monocatenario ARN perteneciente al género Hepacivirus de la familia Flaviviridae. En la década de 1970, tras el descubrimiento de hepatitis Ay B, se hizo claro que había casos de hepatitis post-transfusión que no podían ser explicados por estos virus, llevando a la descripción de hepatitis "no A, no B". No fue hasta 1989 que se aisló el VHC por primera vez y entre 1990 y 1992 se desarrolló y refinó una prueba de anticuerpos anti-VHC que fue implementado en los bancos de sangre, llevando a una gran reducción de la transmisión de este virus a nivel mundial. Desde entonces ha habido una proliferación de nuevos antivirales directos que han revolucionado el manejo de la hepatitis C, asociados a una eficacia que se aproxima a 100% y con efectos adversos mínimos.
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Calmet Schwartzmamn, Fernando H., and Fernando H. Calmet Bruhn. "Hepatitis C." Diagnóstico 56, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33734/diagnostico.v56i1.166.
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El virus de hepatitis C (VHC) es un virus monocatenario ARN perteneciente al género Hepacivirus de la familia Flaviviridae. En la década de 1970, tras el descubrimiento de hepatitis A y B, se hizo claro que había casos de hepatitis post-transfusión que no podían ser explicados por estos virus, llevando a la descripción de hepatitis ''no A, no B''. No fue hasta 1989 que se aisló el VHC por primera vez y emtre 1990 y 1992 se desarrolló y refinó una prueba de anticuerpos anti-VHC que fue implementado en los bancos de sangre, llevando a una gran reducción de la transmisión de este virus a nivel mundial. Desde entonces ha habido una proliferación de nuevos antivirales directos que han revolucionado el manejo de la hepatitis C, asociados a una eficacia que se aproxima a 100% y con efectos afversos mínimos.
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Filippatos, Filippos, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Maria-Myrto Dourdouna, Emmanouil Zoumakis, Alexandra Margeli, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, and Athanasios Michos. "SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiology and Antibody Levels in Children during BA.5 Predominance Period." Diagnostics 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2024): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101039.
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This is a SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological study in a pediatric population (0–16 years) during the BA.5 Omicron predominance period in the Athens metropolitan area. Serum samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies (Abs-N), representing natural infection during three periods of BA.5 predominance: 1 May 2022–31 August 2022 (period A), 1 September 2022–31 December 2022 (period B), and July 2023 (period C). Εpidemiological data were also collected. Additionally, in period C, Abs-N-seronegative samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (Abs-S). A total of 878 children were tested (males: 52.6%), with a median age (IQR) of 96 (36–156) months; the number of cases of seropositivity during the three periods were as follows: A: 292/417 (70%), B: 288/356 (80.9%), and C: 89/105 (84.8%), with p < 0.001. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity increased from period A to C for children 0–1 year (p = 0.044), >1–4 years (p = 0.028), and >6–12 years (p = 0.003). Children >6–12 years had the highest seropositivity rates in all periods (A: 77.3%, B: 91.4%, and C: 95.8%). A significant correlation of monthly median Abs-N titers with monthly seropositivity rates was detected (rs: 0.812, p = 0.008). During period C, 12/105 (11.4%) Abs-S-seropositive and Abs-N-seronegative samples were detected and total seropositivity was estimated at 96.2% (101/105). The findings of this study indicate a high SARS-CoV-2 exposure rate of children during the BA.5 predominance period and suggest that in future seroepidemiological studies, both antibodies should be tested in Abs-N-seronegative populations.
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Rani, L., A. Munjani, G. Lakra, A. K. Choudhury, and R. K. Pandey. "Ethno-medicinal Species of Cassia (C. fistula, C. siamea, C. tora): Documentation and Metabolites Estimation." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (September 22, 2019): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i3.25716.
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Different species of Cassia found in Jharkhand are consumed as daily vegetables have high nutritional value. Most of them are underutilized and display varied ethenomedicinal values. The work was carried out with an aim to document three ethno medicinal properties of three different species of Cassia, Cassia fistula, Cassia siamea and Cassia tora. The documentation was done among 100 tribal people residing in the area near Morabadi, Ranchi. The knowledge revealed that the three plants were used in almost every tribal houses as a dietary supplement and various medicinal uses. According to the Munda Vaidya’s the plant Cassia is of pitta nature and its different part have different uses. The root is used against tuberculosis glands, diabetes, as a tonic, the root and bark paste mixed in equal amount is used against snake bite. traditionally it is used as laxative, for the treatment of leprosy and various skin disorders. the present study aimed to screen and quantify primary and secondary metabolite by quantitative and qualitative method. The pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) were characterised by UV visible spectroscopy. Concentration of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and carotenoid was calculated by Arnon method (80% acetone extract). The spectrophotometric study of the different pigment of the three species of Cassia, Cassia fistula (chl-a 254.516, chl-b 305.741, total chl 533.7 carotenoid 10.6), Cassia siamea (chl-a 257.88, chl-b 393.16, total chl 630.2 carotenoid 9.395), Cassia tora (chl-a 266.36, chl-b 271.96, total chl 538.32 carotenoid 16.3). The result revealed that chl-a was highest in Cassia tora followed by Cassia siamea and Cassia fistula. Chl-b pigment followed C. siamea> C. fistula>C. tora pattern, total chl C. siemea>C. tora>C. fistula and the carotenoid amount C. tora > C. fistula > C. siamea. In screening of secondary metabolites tannin, saponins alkaloids, terpenoids, resin Phyto-sterols were carried out on the aqueous extract showed +ve test for all except phyto-sterols and on the powdered specimen gave –ve result in aqueous, ethanol as well as acetone extract.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 387-394
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Mercy Adaramaja. F. "Microbial analysis of locally prepared vended dishes in owerri municipality of imo state, Nigeria." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.745.
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A study was carried out to access the microbial analysis of locally prepared vended dishes in Owerri municipality of Imo state. Five zones namely: Prefab and Aladinma areas are represented as Zone A while Ikenegbu and Wethdral areas, Douglas area, School road and Tetlow areas and Worldbank area represented Zone B, C, D and E respectively. The food samples collected includes; rice, spagehetti, beans and white stew. The result obtained revealed that the total viable count in zone A contained 11.42 × 103, 9.5 × 103, 4.4 × 104 and 10.0 × 105 (Cfu/mL) for white rice, spaghetti, beans and stew while those of zone B are 9.0× 103, 7.70 × 103, 2.5× 104 and 6.0 × 105 (Cfu/mL) for white rice, spaghetti, beans and stew respectively. Zone C stew (10.4 ×103 cfu/mL), spaghetti (2.0× 104 cfu/mL), beans (3.3× 104 cfu/mL) and stew (10.3× 104 cfu/mL). Zone D stew (8.0 × 103 cfu/mL), spaghetti (1.5× 104 cfu/mL), beans (1.4× 104 cfu/mL) and stew (4.0×105cfu/mL). Zone E stew (12.55 × 103 cfu/mL), spaghetti (6.3× 103 cfu/mL), beans (6.0× 104 cfu/mL) and stew (4.5×105cfu/mL). Total coliform count shows no gas production in Durbam tube in all the zones, no mould were also observed in all the samples. Generally, mould growth on food is evidence deterioration. It was concluded that the zones maintained high sense of hygiene.
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Senthil, Senthil Kumar, M. H. Uzir, and Z. Ahmad. "Comparative Study between Candida antarctica Lipase B and Pseudomonas floroscens as Catalyst for Polycaprolactone Production." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.547.
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The Effects of temperature on ring-opening bulk polymerizations of ε-caprolactone was studied by using two different lipases Novozym 435 (immobilized form of lipase B from Candida antarctica), and Pseudomonas Floroscens as biocatalyst. The polymerization of ε-caprolactone was carried out at 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, and 100°C. For Novozym 435 the results showed that increasing the reaction time of the polymerization system resulted in an increased rate of monomer consumption and hence increased the molecular weight. For an increase in reaction time the conversion increases steadily and after a gradual increase there is a decrease which is found uniform for all the temperature showing a uniform trend. For a temperature of 70°C and 4 hours molecular weight was found to be 8.4 x 104 daltons which were the highest of all the readings that were obtained. In the copolymerizaton of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and δ-valerolactone using Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase at 60°C for 20 days a copolymer with molecular weight of 1.97 x 105 was obtained. Effects of the reaction time and temperature on the copolymerization have been examined.
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Dhawan, V., I. F. Mirabel, and L. F. Rodríguez. "VLBA Observations of GRS 1915+105." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 164 (1998): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100045838.
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AbstractDuring quasi-periodic flux variations, the core of this galactic superluminal source shows: (a) a flat radio spectrum between 13cm and 2cm; (b) elongation of the core along the axis of arcsecond-scale ejecta; (c) a time-delay of ~4 mins at 3.6cm, relative to 2cm; (d) progressively less variation of the flux at 2cm, 3.6cm & 13cm; and (e) scatter-broadening to 1.9mas at 8.4GHz (135mas at 1GHz).
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Lambertz, Charlotte, Anne Luppa, and Guido J. Reiss. "Crystal structure of bis((dimethylphosphoryl)methanaminium)hexachloridostannate( IV), C6H22Cl6N2O2P2Sn." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 228, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ncrs.2013.0113.
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Sato, Masakazu, Minako Koizumi, Kei Inaba, Yu Takahashi, Natsuki Nagashima, Hiroshi Ki, Nao Itaoka, Chiharu Ueshima, Maki Nakata, and Yoko Hasumi. "Gynecologists May Underestimate the Amount of Blood Loss during Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3802532.
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Background. We considered the possibility of underestimation of the amount of bleeding during laparoscopic surgery, and we investigated comparing the amount of bleeding between laparoscopic surgery and open surgery by considering the concentration of hemoglobin before and after surgery as indicators. Methods. The following procedures were included: A, surgery for ovarian tumor; B, myomectomy; and C, hysterectomy either by laparoscopic surgery or open surgery. Patients who underwent the above procedures in between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, were enrolled. We identified 1749 cases (A: 90, B: 105, and C: 325 of open surgery and A: 667, B: 437, and C: 125 of laparoscopic surgery). We considered the sum as an estimation of blood loss during surgery and the change in the value of hemoglobin in laboratory testing one day before and after surgery. Results. During laparoscopic surgery, the measurements of blood loss included the following: A: 59.8 ml; B: 168.6 ml; and C: 206.8 ml. During open surgery, measurements of blood loss included the following: A: 130.7 ml; B: 236.7 ml; and C; 280.9 ml. The reduction of hemoglobin after surgery compared with that before surgery was less in laparoscopic surgery than that in open surgery in A and B; however, this reduction was not significantly different in C. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the estimation of the bleeding in A and B was appropriate; however, the estimation might be underestimated in C during laparoscopic surgery.
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Pazra, Debby Fadhilah, and Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih. "Kualitas Fisik, Kimia, Mikrobiologi Susu Sapi pada Peternakan Sapi Perah di Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Bogor." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi dan Agribisnis 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51852/jaa.v6i1.532.
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Setiap susu memiliki kualitas yang berbeda tergantung dari sifat fisik, kimia, dan sifat mikrobiologisnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologi susu pada peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor. Sampel susu berasal dari tiga peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor. Sifat fisik yang diamati yaitu pH dan berat jenis. Sifat kimia yang diamati yaitu BKTL, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan laktosa diuji menggunakan Lactoscan Milk Analyzer. Sifat mikrobiologi yaitu Total Plate Count (TPC) dan jumlah S. aureus metode pengujiannya mengacu kepada SNI 2897:2008. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas sifat fisik dan kimia susu sapi pada ketiga peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor memenuhi SNI 3141.1: 2011. Kualitas mikrobiologi TPC pada peternakan A dan B memenuhi SNI 3141.1:2011 yaitu peternakan A 1,9 x 105 CFU/ml dan peternakan B 2,6 x 105 CFU/ml, sedangkan peternakan C tidak memenuhi SNI 3141.1:2011 dengan hasil rataan TPC 2,2 x 106 CFU/ml. Begitu juga dengan jumlah S. aureus pada susu di peternakan A, B dan C tidak memenuhi SNI 3141.1: 2011. Rataan jumlah S. aureus pada peternakan A yaitu 1,3 x 103 CFU/ml, peternakan B 1,4 x 103 CFU/ml dan peternakan C 2,4 x 103CFU/ml. Susu sapi dari ketiga peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor masih layak untuk dikonsumsi dengan pemanasan terlebih dahulu sebelum dikonsumsi untuk membunuh cemaran mikrob di dalamnya.
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Best, Wayne M., Vito Ferro, Julia Harle, Robert V. Stick, and D. Matthew G. Tilbrook. "The Synthesis of Some Epoxyalkyl b-C-Glycosides as Potential Inhibitors of b-Glucan Hydrolases." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 5 (1997): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97015.
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The treatment of tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucono-1,5-lactone with various alkenylmagnesium halides gave the intermediate lactols which, upon reduction (Et3SiH/BF3) and protecting group manipulation, yielded alkenyl tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-C-glucopyranosides in good yield. These β-D-C-glucosides were precursors of the epoxyalkyl β-D-C-glucopyranosides, themselves putative inhibitors of b-glucan hydrolases. Similar additions of Grignard reagents to per-benzylated cellobionolactone were not as successful in yielding epoxyalkyl β-C-cellobiosides. The addition of Grignard reagents to 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-α-D- glucose offers a viable alternative route to the prop-2-enyl β-D-C-glucoside, but not to the but-3-enyl and pent-4-enyl counterparts. Likewise, the addition of Grignard reagents to a 1,2-anhydro cellobiose gave disappointing results. Preliminary results are reported for a novel approach to alkenyl β-D-C-glucosides by the alkylation of nitromethyl β-D-C-glucosides.
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Saleh-Lakha, Saleema, Carlos G. Leon-Velarde, Shu Chen, Susan Lee, Kelly Shannon, Martha Fabri, Gavin Downing, and Bruce Keown. "A Study To Assess the Numbers and Prevalence of Bacillus cereus and Its Toxins in Pasteurized Fluid Milk." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 7 (May 31, 2017): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-521.
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ABSTRACT Bacillus cereus is a pathogenic adulterant of raw milk and can persist as spores and grow in pasteurized milk. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. cereus and its enterotoxins in pasteurized milk at its best-before date when stored at 4, 7, and 10°C. More than 5.5% of moderately temperature-abused products (stored at 7°C) were found to contain >105 CFU/mL B. cereus, and about 4% of them contained enterotoxins at a level that may result in foodborne illness; in addition, more than 31% of the products contained >105 CFU/mL B. cereus and associated enterotoxins when stored at 10°C. Results from a growth kinetic study demonstrated that enterotoxin production by B. cereus in pasteurized milk can occur in as short as 7 to 8 days of storage at 7°C. The higher B. cereus counts were associated with products containing higher butterfat content or with those produced using the conventional high-temperature, short-time pasteurization process. Traditional indicators, aerobic colony counts and psychrotrophic counts, were found to have no correlation with level of B. cereus in milk. The characterization of 17 representative B. cereus isolates from pasteurized milk revealed five toxigenic gene patterns, with all the strains carrying genes encoding for diarrheal toxins but not for an emetic toxin, and with one strain containing all four diarrheal enterotoxin genes (nheA, entFM, hblC, and cytK). The results of this study demonstrate the risks associated even with moderately temperature-abused pasteurized milk and the necessity of a controlled cold chain throughout the shelf life of fluid milk to enhance product safety and minimize foodborne illness.
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Ou, Da, Li-Mei Ren, Yuan Liu, Shaukat Ali, Xing-Min Wang, Muhammad Z. Ahmed, and Bao-Li Qiu. "Compatibility and Efficacy of the Parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps javanica for Biological Control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci." Insects 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10120425.
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Biological control is an effective method for whitefly management compared to the potential problems caused by chemical control, including environmental pollution and the development of resistance. Combined use of insect parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi has shown high efficiency in Bemisia tabaci control. Here, we assessed the impacts of an entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps javanica, on the parasitism rate of a dominant whitefly parasitoid, Eretmocerus hayati, and for the first time also compared their separate and combined potential in the suppression of B. tabaci under semi-field conditions. Six conidial concentrations of C. javanica (1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/mL) were used to assess its pathogenicity to the pupae and adults of E. hayati. Results showed that the mortality of E. hayati increased with higher concentrations of C. javanica, but these higher concentrations of fungus had low pathogenicity to both the E. hayati pupae (2.00–28.00% mortality) and adults (2.67–34.00% mortality) relative to their pathogenicity to B. tabaci nymphs (33.33–92.68%). Bioassay results indicated that C. javanica was harmless (LC50 = 3.91 × 1010) and slightly harmful (LC50 = 5.56 × 109) to the pupae and adults of E. hayati respectively on the basis of IOBC criteria, and that E. hayati could parasitize all nymphal instars of B. tabaci that were pretreated with C. javanica, with its rate of parasitism being highest on second-instar nymphs (62.03%). Interestingly, the parasitoids from second and third-instar B. tabaci nymphs infected with C. javanica had progeny with increased longevity and developmental periods. Moreover, experimental data from 15 day semi-field studies indicate that combined application of C. javanica and E. hayati suppresses B. tabaci with higher efficiency than individual applications of both agents. Therefore, combined applications of C. javanica (1 × 108 conidia/mL) and E. hayati is a more effective and compatible biological control strategy for management of B. tabaci than using either of them individually.
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Alifia, Frida, Dewi Farah Diba, Rusnita, and Buana Basir. "CONDITIONS OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND LIFE OF VANAME SHRIMP IN PREVENTION OF Vibrio alginolyticus INFECTION USING MIANA LEAF EXTRACT." Journal of Fish Health 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jfh.v1i2.230.
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This study aims to determine the clinical symptoms and survival of white vaname shrimp in the prevention of Vibrio alginolyticus infection using miana leaf extract. The study consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were 1 treatment and 3 treatments using different concentrations of bacteria, namely 103 CFU/ml, 105 CFU/ml, and 107 CFU/ml. The research was carried out in June-July 2020 at the Hatchery Laboratory of the Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Hasanuddin University. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that A (control) shrimp was under normal conditions, treatment B (103 CFU/ml) was red, treated C (105 CFU/ml) was red and had necrosis of the body, and treatment D (107 CFU/ml) was shrimp. reddening, necrosis of tail and body segments. The results of data analysis showed that the use of miana leaf extract had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the use of live vaname shrimp. The highest vaname shrimp survival was treatment A (control) at 100%, treatment B (103 CFU/ml) at 90%, treatment C (105 CFU/ml) at 63.33% and treatment D (107 CFU/ml) by 40%.
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Silva, Thiago Henrique dos Santos, Mariana Martins Calisto, Ana Carolina Macedo de Carvalho, Hilário José Cardoso Magalhães, Valério Monteiro Neto, Enzo Eldes Costa Ribeiro, Mariana Maryelle Ferreira de Sousa, Domingos Magno Santos Pereira, and Silvio Gomes Monteiro. "Prevalência das hepatites B e C em moradores de rua em São Luís-MA." Revista de Investigação Biomédica 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.24863/rib.v10i3.313.
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Prevalência de hepatite B e C e identificação do perfil epidemiológico de cem moradores de rua de São Luís-Maranhão. Objetivos: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos indivíduos portadores dos vírus das hepatites B e C; Analisar a prevalência e vulnerabilidade a ISTs em moradores de rua em São Luís- MA;. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, descritivo-analítico de população de risco, ou seja, de moradores das ruas. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Ceuma com seguinte n° de parecer: 769.163. Resultados:. Na amostra com 105 moradores de rua de São Luis encontrou-se as seguintes prevalências: Hepatite C (3,8%) e não foi encontrado dentro do espaço amostral nenhum caso de hepatite B. Consumo de drogas: Crack(21,9%), Crack e Cocaína(40,0%), Cocaína(19,0%), Maconha(12,4%), Ignorado(6,7%). População composta em sua maioria (53,3%) por homens, (100%) heterossexuais, (59,5 %) não brancos. Conclusão: os dados obtidos demonstraram uma grande vulnerabilidade desse grupo populacional quanto as ISTs o que torna preocupante e de extrema importância a assistência a essa parcela da população de São Luis tanto no esclarecimento das medidas preventivas das ISTs quanto na detecção precoce dessas doenças que podem se manifestar de forma silenciosa tais como a Hepatite B e C impactando assim na qualidade de vida desse grupo negligenciado pelas políticas públicas.Palavras-Chave: Hepatite B; Hepatite C; Moradores de Rua; IST; Prevalência;
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SKINNER, GUY E., TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY, EDUARDO PATAZCA, VIVIANA LOEZA, LINDSAY A. HALIK, KRISTIN M. SCHILL, and N. RUKMA REDDY. "Effect of High Pressures in Combination with Temperature on the Inactivation of Spores of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Types B and F." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-175.
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ABSTRACT The impact of high pressure processing on the inactivation of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum is important in extended shelf life chilled low-acid foods. The three most resistant C. botulinum strains (Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F) were selected for comparison of their thermal and pressure-assisted thermal resistance after screening 17 nonproteolytic C. botulinum strains (8 type B, 7 type E, and 2 type F). Spores of strains Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F were prepared using a biphasic media method, diluted in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.00) to 105 to 106 CFU/mL, placed into a modified sterile transfer pipette, heat sealed, and subjected to a combination of high pressures (600 to 750 MPa) and high temperatures (80 to 91°C) using laboratory and pilot-scale pressure test systems. Diluted spores from the same crops were placed in nuclear magnetic resonance tubes, which were heat sealed, and subjected to 80 to 91°C in a Fluke 7321 high precision bath with Duratheram S oil as the heat transfer fluid. After incubation for 3 months, survivors in both studies were determined by the five-tube most-probable-number method using Trypticase–peptone–glucose–yeast extract broth. The highest (>5.0) log reductions in spore counts for Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F occurred at the highest temperature and pressure combination tested (91°C and 750 MPa). Thermal D-values of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F decreased as the process temperature increased from 80 to 87°C, decreasing to <1.0 min at 87°C for these strains. Pressure-assisted thermal D-values of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F decreased as the process temperature increased from 80 to 91°C with any pressure combination and decreased to <1.0 min as the pressure increased from 600 to 750 MPa at 91°C. Based on the pressure-assisted thermal D-values, pressure exerted a more protective effect on spores of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F when processed at 83 to 91°C combined with pressures of 600 to 700 MPa when compared with thermal treatment only. No protective effect was observed when the spores of Ham-B, Kap9-B, and 610-F were treated at lower temperatures (80 to 83°C) in combination with 750 MPa. However, at higher temperatures (87 to 91°C) in combination with 750 MPa, a protective effect was seen for Ham-B, Kap9-B, and 610-F spores based on the calculated pressure-assisted thermal D-values.
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da Rocha, Rosa Maria, and Francisco Cristóvão Lourenço de Melo. "Synthesis of Fine B4C Powder Using B4C Seeding in Carbothermal Reduction Process." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.948.
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The focus of this work is to investigate the effect of seeding on the synthesis of B4C powder obtained by carbothermal reduction. B4C particles were added to act as seeds during reaction. Starting materials were boric acid (H3BO3) and two different carbon sources (graphite and carbon black). Mixtures of C, B2O3 (25 wt% B2O3 excess in relation to stoichiometric composition) and commercial B4C powder (0, 2.5 and 5.0 wt%) were prepared. The effect of 1.5 wt% of NaCl was also investigated. The powder mixtures were uniaxially die-pressed to form cylindrical shaped green bodies, then placed in a graphite crucible and heated at 1750°C/1h with a heating rate of 30°C/min, under argon-flowing atmosphere. Samples with seeds addition exhibited a decrease in particle size distribution. The particle morphology was uniform with a narrow size distribution and a medium particle size around 6 m regardless the initial concentration of seeds.
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Alloui-Griza, Rafika, Asma Cherif, Sabrine Attia, Frederic Francis, Georges C. Lognay, and Kaouthar Grissa-Lebdi. "Lethal Toxicity of Thymus capitatus Essential Oil Against Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and its Coccinellid Predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 57, no. 3 (June 22, 2022): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/jes21-81.
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Abstract Botanical extracts, including essential oils, are promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides for pest control. In this study, we evaluated the fumigant toxicity of an essential oil extracted from Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link against the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and its coccinellid predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory conditions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the major chemical compounds identified from T. capitatus were carvacrol (65.15%), followed by p-cymene (11.79%) and γterpinene (7.48%). High mortality levels were registered for P. citri larvae (up to 100%) and adults (up to 96%) when exposed to the tested essential oil. The median lethal concentration values calculated for P. citri adults were higher than for larvae. Thymus capitatus essential oil applied at 10 and 20 µL/Lair showed high toxicity towards C. montrouzieri adults. These results highlighted the efficacy of T. capitatus essential oil as a promising tool to control P. citri in Tunisia. However, the adverse effects of this oil towards C. montrouzieri should be taken into consideration to enhance its practical implication in integrated pest management.
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Kuyanov, Igor A., Pavel P. Isaev, and Olga P. Shustrova. "MODELING OF ATOMIC AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF THE SI(100)α-c(4×4)-B SURFACE PHASE." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 68 (2024): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2024-68-94-46-49.
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surface phase were modeled using first principles approach. A new atomic model for α-c(4×4)-B structure was proposed. Total energy calculations showed that our atomic model is the most energetically favorable structure. The calculated spatial distribution of the electronic density for occupied states above Si(100)α-c(4×4)-B surface is in good agreement with known scanning tunneling microscopy images
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Saparuddin, Saparuddin. "Respon Hematologi Ikan Nila (oreochromis niloticus) pada Suhu Pemeliharaan yang Berbeda." SAINTIFIK 5, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31605/saintifik.v5i2.224.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu media pemeliharaan yang berbeda terhadap respon hematologi ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) meliputi jumlah kadar glukosa darah, eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu kontrol (suhu 29oC), A (suhu 31oC), B (suhu 33 oC) dan C (35 oC) dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Berdasarkan hasil uji yang dilakukan pada suhu pemeliharaan yang berbeda diketahui bahwa ikan nila mengalami stres pada perlakuan A, B dan C dibandingkan dengan ikan kontrol. Hal ini ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa darah hingga akhir pemeliharaan terdapat pada perlakuan C (35oC) sebesar 145,04 mg/dL. Nilai tertinggi total eritrosit terdapat pada perlakuan A (31oC) sebesar 3,36 x 106 sel/ml. Total leukosit tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan C (35oC) sebesar 7,08 x 104 sel/ml. Nilai tertinggi trombosit pada perlakuan B (33oC) sebesar 1,74 x 105 sel/ml. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan suhu air pada akuarium dapat menyebabkan stres pada ikan nila sehingga dapat mempengaruhi fisiologi hematologi normal ikan.
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Dubey, J. P., J. F. Urban, and S. W. Davis. "Protective immunity to toxoplasmosis in pigs vaccinated with a nonpersistent strain of Toxoplasma gondii." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.08.1316.
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Summary The rh strain of Toxoplasma gondii is highly virulent; 1 infective organism is uniformly lethal for mice. Three pigs inoculated sc with 103 tachyzoites of the rh strain developed fever, but otherwise remained normal, and T gondii was not demonstrated in their tissues by bioassay into mice. To determine whether vaccination with the rh strain could induce protective immunity to oral challenge with T gondii oocysts, 12 pigs were divided into 3 groups (A, B, C) of 4 pigs each. Pigs in groups A and B were inoculated im with 106 tachyzoites of the rh strain and 4 pigs in group C served as uninoculated controls. Except for fever, the pigs remained clinically normal after inoculation with the rh strain and T gondii was not found by bioassay in mice of tissues from 4 pigs euthanatized 64 days after inoculation. Pigs in groups B and C were challenge-inoculated orally with 104 (4 pigs) or 105 (4 pigs) T gondii oocysts 72 days after vaccination with the rh strain. The previously uninoculated pigs developed fever, anorexia, and diarrhea from 3 to 8 days after the oocyst challenge. One of the 2 pigs given 105 oocysts became moribund because of toxoplasmosis and was euthanatized 9 days after inoculation. Pigs vaccinated with the rh strain remained free of clinical signs after challenge with oocysts. Results of the bioassays indicated that fewer tissue cysts developed in the rh strain-vaccinated pigs than in the previously uninoculated control pigs.
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Poedjojono, Bambang, Suhadi ., and Agus F. "B. Pemanfaatan Tanah Galian-C menjadi Pupuk Phophat." Jurnal Teknik Industri dan Kimia 2, no. 1 (June 16, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54980/jtik.v2i1.48.
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Pada tahun pertama telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan batuan pospat dengankadar phosphat rendah, menjadi pupuk phosphat dengan kadar tinggi, tetapipermasalahannya adalah pupuk tersebut masih setengah jadi, masih memerlukanpengeringan. Pengeringan adalah suatu peristiwa perpindahan massa dan energi yang terjadidalam pemisahan cairan atau kelembaban dari suatu bahan sampai batas kandungan air yangditentukan dengan menggunakan gas sebagai fluida sumber panas dan penerimaan uapcairan Faktof-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengeringan ada 2 golongan yaitu : faktor yangberhubungan dengan udara pengering seperti suhu, kecepatan udara, kelembapan, dimanamakin tinggi udara pengering makin cepat pula proses pengeringan berlangsung dan faktoryang berhubungan dengan bahan yang dikeringkan seperti ukuran bahan, kadar air awalbahan.Pengeringan dilakukan dengan metode Continuos drying (suatu pengeringan bahan dimanapemasukan dan pengeluaran bahan dilakukan terus menerus) dan Direct drying (Pada sistemini bahan dikeringkan dengan cara mengalirkan udara pengering melewati bahan sehinggapanas yang diserap diperoleh dari sentuhan langsung antara bahan dengan udara pengering,biasanya disebut dengan pengeringan konveksi).Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan batuanphosphat kadar rendah dapat ditingkan menjadi batuan phosphat kadar phosphat tinggimelalului rekayasa teknik kimia, dan untuk pengeringan yang baik adalah dengan laju alirantara 100 kg sampai 125 kg, karena mempunyai kadar air yang ideal dan kadar phosphatyang masih tinggi dan sangat ideal untuk digunakan sebagai pupk phosphat.
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Jonas, Maureen M., Gaston E. Zilleruelo, Silvia I. LaRue, Carolyn Abitbol, Jose Strauss, and Ying Lu. "Hepatitis C Infection in a Pediatric Dialysis Population." Pediatrics 89, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 707–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.4.707.
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A variable prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection has been reported in adult patients on hemodialysis. We have studied HCV infection and associated risk factors in a pediatric dialysis unit. Sera from all 27 patients undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in our unit were tested for antibody to HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and seropositives were confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay. Records were reviewed for demographic, biochemical, and risk factor data. From the total of 27 patients (12 male, mean age 20.9 years, range 7.3 to 28.1 years), five were anti-HCV(+) (18.5%). All the anti-HCV(+) patients had been on hemodialysis (69 to 194 months, mean 105 months), while of the 22 anti-HCV(–) patients, only 14 had been on hemodialysis (5 to 209 months, mean 41.4 months), P < .005. All the anti-HCV(+) patients had received blood transfusions (10 to 124 units, mean 61.4 units) as had 12 of the anti-HCV(–) patients (1 to 54 units, mean 14 units), P < .02. Of the 5 anti-HCV(+) patients, only one had prior hepatitis B infection of the 22 anti-HCV(–) patients, three had hepatitis B surface antigen, and no others had evidence of hepatitis B infection. The most predictive risk factor for HCV infection was length of time on hemodialysis. Eleven of the 27 patients (40.7%) had abnormal alanine aminotransferase values, of whom four were anti-HCV(+), three were hepatitis B surface antigen(+), and one was seropositive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. Pediatric dialysis patients are at risk for HCV infection; the most predictive risk factor in this population is length of time on hemodialysis. Approximately one third of abnormal alanine aminotransferase values in pediatric dialysis patients may be caused by HCV.
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Rahmi, Rahmi, Andi Ninnong Renita Relatami, Akmal Akmal, Sri Wahyuni Firman, Bunga Rante Tampangallo, Andi Chadijah, and Dida Ardiayana. "The Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Seeds Fed with Different Quantities of a Synbiont Feed." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.68510.
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This study were aims to test the growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seeds fed with different quantities of the symbiont, consisting of a probiotic and a prebiotic, such as B. subtilis and banana flour, respectively. This study employs an experimental approach with a completely randomized design (CRD). Furthermore, artificial feeds were prepared as various treatments, consisting of B. subtilis and banana flour concentrations. They include treatment A, which does not contain B. subtilis and banana flour, and also treatment B, C, and D, which consists of B. subtilis at concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 107 CFU/mL, and 109 CFU/mL, respectively, as well as 1% banana flour. The results obtained showed that weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate SGR were significantly different in treatment B but the survival rate (SR), food conversion rasio (FCR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and condition factor (K) did not show significant results. Meanwhile, somatic digestive index (DSI) showed a significant difference with treatment A, C, and D, but not with treatment B. However, treatment B showed a relatively better performance based on the SR, FCR, and WG at 96.67 %, 1.05 %, and 3.49 %, respectively.
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Memon, Khalil Ahmed, M. Khan, Sarah Azhar, Jai Kershan, Partab Puri, Benazeer Bhatti, Mudassar Iqbal A., and Saira S. "Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Tuberculosis Patients at Local Community of Sindh, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571794.
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Objective: To assess the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C among those patients who had tuberculosis in local community of Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design:Survey-based study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical & health Sciences Jamshoro from 1stJanuary 2020 to 31stDecember 2020. Methodology: Five hundred and eighty nine confirmed cases of tuberculosis patients were enrolled. The patients were further analyzed to assess either HBV, HCV or both are present or absent. Results: Three hundred and forty one (57.8%) were males and 248 (42.1%) were females. The majority of participants were in the age group of 45-54 years 147 (24.9%).The residence detail showed that 167 (28.3%) belonged to urban areas. Further 143 (24.2%) had sickness history of 2-6 months, 239 (40.5%) had history of 6-12 months, The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among tuberculosis patients showed, 17.8% (n=105) with Hepatitis B, 26.3% (n=155) were diagnosed with hepatitis C, 15.7% (n=93) had Both Hepatitis B and C, however 236 (40.0%) had no history with hepatitis. Hepatitis C was most frequently found age of above 54 years, 55 (9.3%). Conclusion:The control of tuberculosis has remained one of the greatest goals globally till date, the higher risk of liver complications, along with the Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Although the complications of Tuberculosis patients remain unsolved yet the possible efforts can be made to identify the earlier problems for the clinical prospective and a complete follow up of the records can optimize the management of Tuberculosis in co-existing conditions of hepatitis B and C. Key Words: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Liver diseases
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Høstmark, Arne Torbjørn. "Body Fatty Acids, Nutrition, and Health: Is Skewness of Distributions a Mediator of Correlations?" Nutrition and Food Processing 2, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/009.
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Fatty acids are important in nutrition and health. Previously, we reported that the concentration range per se may explain positive and negative correlations between percentages of fatty acids. We now present additional data to explain such correlations. With 3 positive scale variables, A, B, and C, dependency between their percentages is: %A + %B + %C = 100, or %B = - %A + (100 - %C), each variable with a particular range. The equation may be simplified by making the expression (100 - %C) approach zero (high %C, low %A and %B values), i.e. %B = %A (giving positive %A vs. %B), and by making %C approach zero, giving %B = - %A + 100 (giving negative %A vs. %B). In the current work we present data showing that skewness of the %A (B, C) histograms may serve as a mediator of correlations between %A and %B.
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Luchette, Matthew, and Ziv Williams. "105 Incorporating Newly Learned with Established Information within the Prefrontal Cortical Network." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.105.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Learning does not occur in isolation, but often requires us to incorporate newly acquired information with previously established knowledge. To investigate the neural process by which this may occur, we trained macaques to learn the transitive relation between items and then subsequently incorporate new transitive relations across various branched paths, while recording from their ventral (vlPFC) and lateral (dlPFC) prefrontal cortices. METHODS We designed a foraging task, in which Rhesus macaques learned the transitive relationship between different presented items (e.g., A>B>C>D>E). The monkeys began by learning initial B-C associations, called the ‘Stem’. After learning the “Stem, ” the monkeys learned one of two “Branch” associations. In “Branch: Related trials, in which the learned associations built upon the ”Stem" (eg C>D or A>B). In the other, termed “Branch: Unrelated, ” the new association was novel and did not build upon the stem (eg D>E). RESULTS >We find that both the vlPFC and dlPFC displayed changes in neural activity that correlated with learning. However, only changes in dlPFC activity distinctly responded to the incorporation of new information. At the network level, interaction between the two areas gradually increased when incorporating new information but decreased when acquiring new but unrelated information. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a ventral-dorsal functional circuit in the prefrontal cortex that may allow for the integration of new and old information. These findings are an important step in characterizing the pathology of learning disabilities, such as Autism and Executive Function Disorder.
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Meng, Xiang Wei, Masafumi Komatsu, Shigetoshi Ohshima, Kunio Nakane, Tomoo Fujii, Takashi Goto, Kazuo Yoneyama, Tomoyuki Kuramitsu, and Motokazu Mukaide. "GB Virus C Infection: Clinical Significance." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no. 10 (1999): 814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/430279.
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GB virus C (GBV-C) RNA positivity rates were examined in serum specimens from 231 patients with liver disease (23 patients with hepatitis B, 175 patients with hepatitis C, five patients with hepatitis B virus plus hepatitis C virus coinfection, and 28 patients with non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis) to clarify the clinical significance of this virus. GBV-C RNA was detected in none of 12 patients with fulminant hepatitis, one of two patients with acute hepatitis positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and one of four patients with acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis. Pathogenetic involvement of GBV-C was suspected in some patients in the latter group. Among patients with the non-B, non-C type of chronic disease, one of seven with cirrhosis (14%) and none with chronic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma were GBV-C-positive. In chronic hepatitis C patients who had received interferon treatment, no difference was found in clinical findings, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations, histology or response to interferon between 11 patients who were GBV-C RNA-positive and 101 patients who were GBV-C RNA-negative. Moreover, changes in ALT after interferon therapy showed no relation to positivity for GBV-C RNA. On the basis of these findings, GBV-C appears to be an unlikely cause of initiation or progression of chronic hepatic diseases.
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Oliveira, Renato Ventresqui, Lívio da Silva Amaral, Cristiane Aparecida Milagres, Celso Tadeu Barbosa Santos, Afonso Pelli, and Aline Dias Paiva. "Assessment of temperature and acid tolerance of Bacillus subtilis isolated from a Brazilian fruit juice-added soy beverage." Interação 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/inter-105-s103-p38-48.
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Bacillus subtilis is a spore-forming bacterium and an important food contaminant. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of B. subtilis spores to survive under conditions of low pH and high temperature. The package was purchased at a local supermarket, in Uberaba, Minas Gerais. A sample was collected, diluted and plated on Brain-Heart-Infusion agar (BHI). After incubation, suspected colonies of B. subtilis were transferred to BHI agar. Cell morphology, the presence of spores and Gram stain were examined, and the isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing . The microscope evaluation indicated the presence of spores. The thermal tolerance of the spores was evaluated by the addition of 3x109spores/mL in test tubes containing peptone water. Heat treatments were carried out at 80 and 90°C at different incubation times (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min). After heating, the tubes were cooled and the number of viable spores was determined in BHI Agar. For the analysis of spore survival, D and Z values were calculated. Tolerance to acid conditions was evaluated using BHI broth with different pH values. After incubation, the bacterial concentration was determined by determining viable cell count on BHI Agar medium. The vegetative cells were transferred to the BHI broth and the pH was adjusted to different values (3, 4 or 5). Sampling were taken 8, 12 and 24 h after incubation. The samples were serially diluted in peptone water and spread in BHI Agar to determine the viable cell count . The 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated high similarity (99.99%) with B. subtilis. D values were 17.01 min at 80°C and 13.42 min at 90°C. The Z-value was 97.13°C. B. subtilis was not able to grow at pH 3 and pH 4, but its survival was confirmed after the growth of colonies on BHI agar. At pH 5, B. subtilis grew after 24 h and the final pH changed to 7. Our results suggest that the spores of B. subtilis isolated from fruit juice-added soy beverage are tolerant to low pH and high temperature.
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McCullough, Michael J., Karl V. Clemons, and David A. Stevens. "Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Genotypic Candida albicans Subgroups and Comparison withCandida dubliniensis and Candida stellatoidea." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 2 (1999): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.2.417-421.1999.
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There have been increased reports of the isolation of unusual genotypic groups of Candida albicans (groups C and D) based on a well-defined genotypic method; this method uses cellular DNA digested with the EcoRI enzyme and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) generated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The aim of the present study was to use additional molecular tools to characterize these unusual strains and to compare them with authentic strains of C. dubliniensis, a recently delineated species, and type I C. stellatoidea. The RFLPs of PCR products generated from the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region did not differentiate among C. albicans genotypes A, B, and C and type I C. stellatoidea. However, this method did differentiate the C. albicans genotype D strains, which were identical to C. dubliniensis. The RFLPs generated by HaeIII digestion of the PCR products of the V3 region of the 25S rRNA gene (rDNA) could differentiate the same groups as RFLP analysis of the PCR amplicon of the ITS region.C. albicans genotype B isolates have been shown to have a transposable intron in the 25S rDNA, whereas genotype A isolates do not; C. dubliniensis strains also have an intron that is larger than that in genotype B C. albicansstrains but that is in the same location. PCR designed to span this region resulted in a single product for C. albicansgenotype A (450 bp), B (840 bp), type 1 C. stellatoidea (840 bp), and C. dubliniensis(1,080 bp), whereas the C. albicans genotype C isolates had two major products (450 and 840 bp). All C. albicans genotype D isolates gave a PCR product identical to that given by C. dubliniensis. These results indicate that those strains previously designated C. albicansgenotype D are in fact C. dubliniensis, that no differences were found between type 1 C. stellatoideaand C. albicans genotype B strains, and that theC. albicans genotype C strains appear to have the transposable intron incompletely inserted throughout the ribosomal repeats in their genomes. The results of the antifungal susceptibility testing of 105 of these strains showed that, for fluconazole, strains of C. dubliniensis were significantly more susceptible than strains of each of the C. albicans genotypes (genotypes A, B, and C). The flucytosine susceptibility results indicated that strains of C. albicans genotype A were significantly less susceptible than either C. albicansgenotype B or C. albicans genotype C strains. These results indicate that there is a correlation between theCandida groups and antifungal susceptibility.
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Ji, Feng-Di, Bao-Ping Ji, Bo Li, and Bei-Zhong Han. "Note. Microbial Changes During the Salting Process of Traditional Pickled Chinese Cabbage." Food Science and Technology International 13, no. 1 (February 2007): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013207075952.
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Changes in microflora during salting Chinese cabbage were studied, with special attention given to the effects of salt concentration, time and temperature of the process. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), bacterial endospores (B. endospores), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae and fungi were used as control parameters. LAB accounted for 0.1-1% of total bacteria. Best process conditions for highest undesirable microbial inhibition were: salt 8% (w/v), temperature 15°C, and salting time 8h. High levels (>105 cfu/g) of TMAB and Enterobacteriaceae were found in the whole salting time, and 90% of TMAB was identified as Gram negative. The levels of fungi, LAB and B. endospores after 12h of the salting process were lower than 104, 103 and 102 cfu/g, respectively.
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Gülaydın, Özgül, Cihat Öztürk, İsmail Hakkı Ekin, Ziya İlhan, and Fatma İlhan. "Investigation of selected bacterial agents causing sheep abortion in the Van Province by RT-PCR and histopathological methods." Acta Veterinaria Brno 92, no. 1 (2023): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010069.
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Abortion causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry. Determination of the aetiology is important in dealing with abortions. The present study was aimed to identify selected important bacterial pathogens in the abortion cases of sheep. A total of 113 samples (105 aborted sheep foetuses, 4 placentas, and 4 vaginal swab samples) from 85 different sheep flocks were examined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) regarding Chlamydia (C.) spp., C. abortus, Brucella (B.) spp., B. melitensis, Salmonella (S.) spp., S. Abortusovis, Coxiella (C.) burnetii, Listeria (L.) spp., L. monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. All cases that were found to be positive for bacterial agents by RT-PCR, were examined pathologically. Tissue samples of foetuses that were found to be positive for B. melitensis and L. monocytogenes by RT-PCR were also investigated immunohistochemically. A total of 35 (30.9%) samples were found to be positive by RT-PCR, with 15 (42.8%), 9 (25.7%), 5 (14.2%), 4 (11.4%), 1 (2.8%), and 1 (2.8%) of them being identified as C. abortus, B. melitensis, S. Abortusovis, C. burnetii, L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp., respectively. The presence of the antigen was confirmed also immunohistochemically in the cases with B. melitensis and L. monocytogenes. As a consequence, C. abortus was found to cause the highest rate of sheep abortion cases, which should be taken into account when implementing control measures in epidemiological investigations.
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Goldsmith, S. R., D. Dodge, and A. W. Cowley. "Nonosmotic influences on osmotic stimulation of vasopressin in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): H85—H88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.1.h85.
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To study the influence of cardiopulmonary baroreceptor loading and unloading on the osmotic stimulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in normal humans, we gave 105-min 5% saline infusions (0.06 ml X kg-1 X min-1) to three groups of subjects under different cardiopulmonary baroreceptor loading conditions. Group A received only the infusion, with a consequent increase in central venous pressure (CVP) of 2.6 +/- 1.7 mmHg; group B had CVP held constant by continuous lower body negative pressure; and group C had CVP decreased by -3.3 +/- 1.4 mmHg, also with lower body negative pressure, for the duration of the infusion. Mean arterial pressure increased in group A by 6.6 +/- 3.7 mmHg, but did not change in groups B and C. On average, osmolality increased by the same amount in each of the three groups (11.6 +/- 3.3, 13.7 +/- 3.2, and 10.9 +/- 2.5 mosmol/kg, P = NS). The changes in AVP in the three groups were 3.6 +/- 2.0, 2.7 +/- 1.9, and 6.2 +/- 3.5 pg/ml, P less than 0.03, with group C different from group B and groups A and B not different by individual pairs testing. An independent effect of prolonged CVP reduction on AVP levels in group C was made unlikely by studies in four additional subjects in whom AVP did not change at constant osmolality during 105 min of CVP reduction comparable with that in group C. Thus modest loading of both cardiopulmonary and sinoaortic baroreceptors does not alter the osmotic stimulation of AVP in normal humans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)