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Lyubimov, Alexey. "How do audit fees change? Effects of firm size and section 404(b) compliance." Managerial Auditing Journal 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 393–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-07-2018-1938.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the size of the audit firm and compliance with Section 404(b) on how audit fees change over time. Design/methodology/approach This study uses panel data and an OLS regression to examine the relationship between audit fee changes, firms’ size and Section 404(b) compliance. Findings Section 404(b)-compliant companies experience a larger change in audit fees if they are audited by Big 4 firms than second-tier firms. Second-tier audit firms increase the fees primarily for the companies which do not comply with Section 404(b). Practical implications Regulators have been concerned with the Big 4 fee premium for four decades. This study informs regulators that the Big 4 continue increasing their fees at a higher rate than second-tier firms for their Section 404(b)-compliant clients (even though recent research shows that second-tier firms have increased quality to match the Big 4). This suggests that the Big 4 fee premium increases for this subset of clients, adding to the regulatory concerns. Originality/value While prior research has established the existence of the Big 4 fee premium, little is known about how this premium changes over time. Prior research shows that audit fees increase when internal controls are weak; however, little is known about how Section 404(b) compliance (once control effectiveness is controlled) affects fee changes. This paper addresses these voids in research.
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Ho, Li-Chin Jennifer, and Jeffrey Tsay. "Analysts' Forecasts of Taiwanese Firms' Earnings: Some Empirical Evidence." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 07, no. 04 (December 2004): 571–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091504000238.
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This study examines the accuracy and bias associated with the analysts' earnings forecasts of Taiwanese firms. Using the forecast data of individual analysts over 1991–1997 from the I/B/E/S database, we find that analysts' forecasts of earnings are generally more accurate than the predictions of a naïve forecasting model. However, this superiority seems to be largely confined to shorter forecast horizons. We also find that the analysts' earnings forecasts of Taiwanese firms are optimistically biased and that the bias depends on the nature of the earnings news. In addition, analysts' forecasts appear to be more accurate for larger firms and the bias also decreases with firm size. We find some variation in forecast accuracy and bias across industries but the overall results are not driven by any specific time period.
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Yew, Ming Kun, Ming Chian Yew, Lip Huat Saw, Jing Han Beh, Yeong Jin King, and Rajkumar Durairaj. "Effects of Flame Retardant Nano Bio-Based Filler on Fire Behaviors of Intumescent Coating." Materials Science Forum 947 (March 2019): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.947.142.
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The present work analyzed the fire protection performances, char formation and heat release characteristics of the thin film intumescent fire protective coatings that incorporate the eggshell (ES) waste as a renewable flame retardant nano bio-based filler. The fire performances of the coatings were evaluated using Bunsen burner and cone calorimeter. The fire behaviors of the samples in the condensed phase were conducted in accordance with the ISO 5660-1 standard. On exposure, the samples B and D reinforced with 3.30 wt.% and 2.75 wt.% of ES nano bio-filler, respectively showed a significant reduction in total heat rate, promoting thicker and more uniform char layer in protecting the steel structural. As a result, ES nano bio-filler composition has shown to be efficient in fire protective performance of the intumescent coatings.
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Tomikawa, Masao, Kazuyuki Matsumura, Yu Shoji, Yoshiko Tatsuta, and Ryoji Okuda. "Fine Resolution Photosensitive Polyimide Dry Film with High Resistance to Electromigration under HAST condition." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-tp15_126.
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Abstract We investigated the effects of photosensitive system (positive and negative) and polymer structures on Cu migration under bias HAST test. The HAST condition is 130C for 85% RH. Bias condition is 2MV/m. We found that there is polyimide structure shows big effect is big effect of no big difference between negative photosensitivity and positive photosensitivity in photo sensensitive polyimides. Polyimide structure effects significant difference on Cu migration under bias HAST condition. Cu migration of soft polyimide seems better than that of rigid polyimide. From these results, we developed good reliable photosensitive polyimide B-sheet having fine pattern capability successfully.
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Shi, Linqi, Zipei Sun, Jiajie Tian, Yaodong Huang, and Jiben Meng. "Study of naphthopyran derivatives: structure and photochromic properties in solution and in polymer film." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77, no. 7 (June 16, 2021): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229621005969.
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Four naphthopyran derivatives, namely, 3,3-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C33H22O, NP1, 3,3-bis([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C37H26O, NP2, 3,3-bis(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C37H26O2, NP3, and 3,3-bis(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C29H26O3, NP4, were synthesized and their photochromic properties investigated. NP1–NP4 exhibited good photochromism in different solutions and in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film under UV light irradiation. Solvatochromism and the electronic and steric effects of the substituent group on photochromism were analyzed and decolouration curves were found to fit a monoexponential kinetic decay in most cases. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of NP1 and NP2 revealed the structure–property relationships. Good fatigue resistance of NP1, both in solution and in the PMMA film, endows it with potential value for applications.
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Lebedinski, Lara, and Vincent Vandenberghe. "Assessing education’s contribution to productivity using firm-level evidence." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 1116–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-06-2012-0090.
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Purpose – There is plenty of individual-level evidence, based on the estimation of Mincerian equations, showing that better-educated individuals earn more. This is usually interpreted as a proof that education raises labour productivity. Some macroeconomists, analysing cross-country time series, also support the idea that the continuous expansion of education has contributed positively to growth. Surprisingly, most economists with an interest in human capital have neglected the level of the firm to study the education-productivity-wage nexus. And the few published works considering firm-level evidence are lacking a proper strategy to cope with the endogeneity problem inherent to the estimation production and wage functions. The purpose of this paper is to aim at providing estimates of the causal effect of education on productivity and wage labour costs. Design/methodology/approach – This paper taps into a rich, firm-level, Belgian panel database that contains information on productivity, labour cost and the workforce’s educational attainment to deliver estimates of the causal effect of education on productivity and wage/labour costs. Therefore, it exclusively resorts to within firm changes to deal with time-invariant heterogeneity bias. What is more, it addresses the risk of simultaneity bias (endogeneity of firms’ education-mix choices in the short run) using the structural approach suggested by Ackerberg et al. (2006), alongside more traditional system-GMM methods (Blundell and Bond, 1998) where lagged values of labour inputs are used as instruments. Findings – Results suggest that human capital, in particular larger shares of university-educated workers inside firms, translate into significantly higher firm-level labour productivity, and that labour costs are relatively well aligned on education-driven labour productivity differences. In other words, the authors find evidence that the Mincerian relationship between education and individual wages is driven by a strong positive link between education and firm-level productivity. Originality/value – Surprisingly, most economists with an interest in human capital have neglected the level of the firm to study the education-productivity-pay nexus. Other characteristics of the workforce, like gender or age have been much more investigated at the level of the firm by industrial or labour economists (Hellerstein et al., 1999; Aubert and Crépon, 2003; Hellerstein and Neumark, 2007; Vandenberghe, 2011a, b, 2012; Rigo et al., 2012; Dostie, 2011; van Ours and Stoeldraijer, 2011). At present, the small literature based on firm-level evidence provides some suggestive evidence of the link between education, productivity and pay at the level of firms. Examples are Hægeland and Klette (1999); Haltiwanger et al. (1999). Other notable papers examining a similar question are Galindo-Rueda and Haskel (2005), Prskawetz et al. (2007) and Turcotte and Whewell Rennison (2004). But, despite offering plausible and intuitive results, many of the above studies essentially rely on cross-sectional evidence and most of them do not tackle the two crucial aspects of the endogeneity problem affecting the estimation of production and wage functions (Griliches and Mairesse, 1995): first, heterogeneity bias (unobserved time-invariant determinants of firms’ productivity that may be correlated to the workforce structure) and second, simultaneity bias (endogeneity in input choice, in the short-run, that includes the workforce mix of the firm). While the authors know that labour productivity is highly heterogeneous across firms (Syverson, 2011), only Haltiwanger et al. (1999) control for firm level-unobservables using firm-fixed effects. The problem of simultaneity has also generally been overlooked. Certain short-term productivity shocks affecting the choice of labour inputs, can be anticipated by the firms and influence their employment decision and thus the workforce mix. Yet these shocks and the resulting decisions by firms’ manager are unobservable by the econometrician. Hægeland and Klette (1999) try to solve this problem by proxying productivity shocks with intermediate goods, but their methodology inspired by Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) suffers from serious identification issues due to collinearity between labour and intermediate goods (Ackerberg et al., 2006).
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Wang, Hui, and Shu-Hua Han. "Bis-ratiometric absorbance detection of Al(III) in the rhodamine B-functionalized bis-polydiacetylene film." Chemical Papers 71, no. 11 (May 22, 2017): 2129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11696-017-0205-9.
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Lowe, D. Jordan, James L. Bierstaker, Diane J. Janvrin, and J. Gregory Jenkins. "Information Technology in an Audit Context: Have the Big 4 Lost Their Advantage?" Journal of Information Systems 32, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-51794.
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ABSTRACT Audit firms use information technology (IT) to improve audit quality, effectiveness, and efficiency. While audit IT has evolved over the past decade, limited guidance is available to assist practitioners in determining how IT can be used. Our research objectives are fourfold. First, we examine to what extent auditors use and assess the perceived importance of IT in their audits. Second, we look at different-sized firms to determine whether IT adoption and implementation decisions differ by firm size. Third, we investigate changes in auditors' use and perceived importance of IT over the past decade. Fourth, we examine whether IT has impacted the communication modes used by auditors when reviewing workpapers and fraud brainstorming. Overall, Big 4 auditors were not significantly more likely to use IT than non-Big 4 auditors, suggesting that the dominance of the Big 4 firms' use of IT has lessened. In fact, there are a few applications where non-Big 4 auditors appear to have taken the lead. In addition, our findings indicate that auditors have increased the use of all the IT applications we examined ten years ago. However, we find evidence that auditors may prefer to use even more IT in their audits than they are currently using. Data Availability: Data used in this study are available for download, see Appendix B.
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Wu, Nathan Man-Wai, Hok-Lai Wong, and Vivian Wing-Wah Yam. "Photochromic benzo[b]phosphole oxide with excellent thermal irreversibility and fatigue resistance in the thin film solid state via direct attachment of dithienyl units to the weakly aromatic heterocycle." Chemical Science 8, no. 2 (2017): 1309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc02928k.
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Mori, Tatsuya, Tatsuya Oyama, Hideaki Komiyama, and Takuma Yasuda. "Solution-grown unidirectionally oriented crystalline thin films of a U-shaped thienoacene-based semiconductor for high-performance organic field-effect transistors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 24 (2017): 5872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01836c.
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Strategically dialkylated bis(benzo[4,5]thieno)[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]thiophene molecules having an overall U-shaped configuration can self-organize into bilayer lamellar structures, demonstrating high charge-transport properties in thin-film organic transistors.
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Peng, Shih-Hao, Wei-Yi Tu, Ganesh Gollavelli, and Chain-Shu Hsu. "Synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole based conjugated polymers containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene flanking groups for high performance thin film transistors." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 22 (2017): 3431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00402h.
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New D–A conjugate polymers based on 3,6-bis(2-bromothieno-[3,2-b]thiophen-5-yl)-2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]-pyrrole-1,4-(2H,5H)-dione combined with bithiophene, di(2-thienyl)ethene, and di(selenophene-2-yl)ethene were synthesized.
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Chang, Yuan, and Pang-Tien Lieu. "Independent Director, Executives Compensation and Corporate Performance-Correcting Self-Selection Bias by Matching Methods." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 8 (July 20, 2016): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n8p156.
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Based on data of listed companies on Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) through 2001~2011, this paper examines whether board independence has effects on executive compensation and corporate performance. Existing studies lacked of considering self-selection of board independence in evaluating the effects of board independence on economic consequence. This may incur estimation bias because systematic factors determining firm’s introducing independent director also have influences on economic consequence. While Heckman (1979)’s two-step estimation addressed selection duo to unobservables, this paper employs propensity score matching (PSM) from Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983, 1985a,b) to address sample selection duo to observables, and forms two groups of samples, namely, firms with independent director and firms without independent director but share similar characteristics with the former. Empirical evidence from regression estimation shows divergent outcomes under before-matching versus after-matching samples. Before matching, greater degree of board independence is associated with higher profitability and higher level of total and average executive compensation. After matching, outperformance as well as overpay on executive compensation of firm with greater board independence is vanished. After controlling selection bias duo to observables versus unobservables, our evidence concludes that greater board independence is uncorrelated with greater corporate performance and executive compensation overpay.
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Yadav, Nidhi, Nikita Kumari, Yoshito Ando, Shyam S. Pandey, and Vipul Singh. "Highly Sensitive Organic Phototransistors Fabricated from PCPDTBT:PCBM Blend." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012040.
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Abstract Organic phototransistors (OPTs) play a crucial role in various light sensing and imaging applications. In this work, we have fabricated highly sensitive Poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blended thin film based OPTs using ribbon-floating film transfer method. A high charge carrier mobility (μ) of 0.002 cm2V−1s−1 and an Ion/Ioff of 6 × 104 was showcased by the blended polymer thin film based OPT as compared to its pristine polymer thin film based counterpart which had a μ of 0.001 cm2V− 1s−1 and an Ion/Ioff of 9 × 103. Further, the blended polymer thin film based OPT demonstrated a high photosensitivity of 6.6 × 103 and a photoresponsivity of 0.13 A/W towards white light which were much superior than those of many of the previously reported polymer thin film based OPTs. The results hold crucial significance towards the development of cost effective blended polymer thin film based OPTs.
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He, Zhibin, Xi Ren, Zhenzhong Wang, Zhen Pan, Yuexin Qi, Shujun Han, Haifeng Yu, and Jingang Liu. "Preparation and Characterization of Light-Colored Polyimide Nanocomposite Films Derived from a Fluoro-Containing Semi-Alicyclic Polyimide Matrix and Colloidal Silica with Enhanced High-Temperature Dimensionally Stability." Polymers 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143015.
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Light-colored and transparent polyimide (PI) films with good high-temperature dimensional stability are highly desired for advanced optoelectronic applications. However, in practice, the simultaneous achievement of good optical and thermal properties in one PI film is usually difficult due to the inter-conflicting molecular design of the polymers. In the present work, a series of PI-SiO2 nanocomposite films (ABTFCPI) were developed based on the PI matrix derived from hydrogenated pyromellitic anhydride (HPMDA) and an aromatic diamine containing benzanilide and trifluoromethyl substituents in the structure, 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-bis [4-(4-aminobenzamide)]biphenyl (ABTFMB). The inorganic SiO2 fillers were incorporated into the nanocomposite films in the form of colloidal nanoparticles dispersed in the good solvent of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) for the PI matrix. The derived ABTFCPI nanocomposite films showed good film-forming ability, flexible and tough nature, good optical transparency, and good thermal properties with loading amounts of SiO2 up to 30 wt% in the system. The ABTFCPI-30 film with a SiO2 content of 30 wt% in the film showed an optical transmittance of 79.6% at the wavelength of 400 nm (T400) with a thickness of 25 μm, yellow index (b*) of 2.15, and 5% weight loss temperatures (T5%) of 491 °C, which are all comparable to those the pristine ABTFCPI-0 matrix without filler (T400 = 81.8%; b* = 1.77; T5% = 492 °C). Meanwhile, the ABTFCPI-30 film exhibited obviously enhanced high-temperature dimensional stability with linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of 25.4 × 10−6/K in the temperature range of 50 to 250 °C, which is much lower than that of the AMTFCPI-0 film (CTE = 32.7 × 10−6/K).
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Eckbo, B. Espen, Andrey Malenko, and Karin S. Thorburn. "Strategic Decisions in Takeover Auctions: Recent Developments." Annual Review of Financial Economics 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 237–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-012720-013903.
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We review recent research into how firms navigate four complex decisions in corporate takeovers: ( a) deal initiation, ( b) pre-offer toehold acquisition, ( c) the initial (public) offer price, and ( d) the payment method. We focus the evidence on public targets and the theory on first-price or English (ascending-price) auctions with two competing bidders and a single (pivotal) seller. The evidence shows that nearly half of bids are initiated by the target (not a bidder). Notwithstanding the large offer premiums, only a small fraction of bidders acquire a target toehold prior to bidding. The first bid rarely attracts rival bidders, suggesting effective competition deterrence. Bid jumps are high, as predicted when bidding costs are large. Pre-bid stock price run-ups reflect rational market deal anticipation and are understood as such by the deal negotiators. Bidders select stock payment when concerned with adverse selection on the target side of the deal.
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GUVEN, Zuhre. "Post- Teori: Film Çalışmalarında Paradigma Değişimi." Kritik İletişim Çalışmaları Dergisi 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53281/kritik.1331951.
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Post-teori film çalışmalarında paradigma değişimine işaret eder. İlk/klasik dönem film çalışmalarındaki metodolojik yaklaşımların tekrar benimsenmesi olarak da adlandırılabilecek bu kavram uzun yıllar boyunca alanda hâkim olan Bordwell (1996) tarafından “büyük teoriler” olarak adlandırılan kuramsal ve metodolojik sorgulamaların bir eleştirisidir. Bu eleştiride farklı disiplinlerden beslenerek yapılan bir film analizindeki olası metodolojik çıkmazlar ve kuramsal tutarsızlıklar yer alır. Film analizinde daha büyük bir düzlemde tartışılması edilmesi beklenilen sosyolojik ve kültürel meselelerin dışarıda tutulması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Post-teori iki ana damar üzerinden şekillenir. Bunlardan bir tanesi tıpkı ilk dönem çalışmalarda olduğu gibi filmin bir biçim olarak ele alınmasıdır. İkinci damarda ise izleyici aktif anlam yapıcı olarak yer alır. Her ne kadar 1990’lı yılların başında post-teori olarak literatürde yer alsa da esasen post-teorinin izleri neo-formalist film analizine kadar dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada film araştırmaları içerisinde bir paradigma değişimi olarak post-teorinin doğuşuna üç düzlem üzerinden değinilecektir (a) ilk/klasik dönem çalışmalardaki form ve sanat sorgulaması ve post teori ile kesişim noktaları (b) post-teoride analitik düzlem ve aktif izleyici nosyonu ve (c) post-teorinin doğuşunu imleyen neo-formalist film analizi.
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Lai, Di Sheng, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Sinar Arzuria Adnan, Ismail Ibrahim, Awad A. Alrashdi, Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi, and Anwar Ul-Hamid. "On the Use of OPEFB-Derived Microcrystalline Cellulose and Nano-Bentonite for Development of Thermoplastic Starch Hybrid Bio-Composites with Improved Performance." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060897.
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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) hybrid bio-composite films containing microcrystalline cellulose (C) and nano-bentonite (B) as hybrid fillers were studied to replace the conventional non-degradable plastic in packaging applications. Raw oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was subjected to chemical treatment and acid hydrolysis to obtain C filler. B filler was ultra-sonicated for better dispersion in the TPS films to improve the filler–matrix interactions. The morphology and structure of fillers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TPS hybrid bio-composite films were produced by the casting method with different ratios of B and C fillers. The best ratio of B/C was determined through the data of the tensile test. FTIR analysis proved the molecular interactions between the TPS and the hybrid fillers due to the presence of polar groups in their structure. XRD analysis confirmed the intercalation of the TPS chains between the B inter-platelets as a result of well-developed interactions between the TPS and hybrid fillers. SEM images suggested that more plastic deformation occurred in the fractured surface of the TPS hybrid bio-composite film due to the higher degree of stretching after being subjected to tensile loading. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating the hybrid B/C fillers could tremendously improve the mechanical properties of the films. The best ratio of B/C in the TPS was found to be 4:1, in which the tensile strength (8.52MPa), Young’s modulus (42.0 MPa), elongation at break (116.4%) and tensile toughness of the film were increased by 92%, 146%, 156% and 338%, respectively. The significantly improved strength, modulus, flexibility and toughness of the film indicate the benefits of using the hybrid fillers, since these features are useful for the development of sustainable flexible packaging film.
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Yang, Cuibi, Shuliang Huan, and Yong Yang. "Application of Big Data Technology in Blended Teaching of College Students: A Case Study on Rain Classroom." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 11 (June 12, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i11.14519.
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Rain classroom is a big data tool that effectively connects the teacher with students throughout the teaching process. This paper mainly applies rain classroom in blended teaching of college students, and evaluates the application effect. Firstly, the authors set up a model of rain classroom, covering all three phases of the teaching process: before-class (B), in-class (I) and after-class (A). Next, the BIA model was applied to the course Film and Television Appreciation, and the key issues in each phase were explained. To evaluate the effect of the BIA model, two questionnaire surveys were carried out among engineering students in Chongqing Three Gorges University. The results show that rain classroom can greatly improve the learning effect of the target course in various aspects: the teacher could arouse the students’ learning interest by sending red packets, make students more attentive through limited-time quiz, and reduce the absence through random roll call; the students were actively involved in group activities and confident in presenting their findings; however, many students most students switched to other apps in the class. The research results provide new insights to the application of big data technology in college education.
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Li, Ya Feng, Xiao Ning Zhang, and Xin Wang. "Application of Baffled-Submerged Bio-Film Process in the Treatment of Sewage Wastewater in a Small Town." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1401.
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The process parameters and running effect of baffled-submerged bio-film process applied in the treatment of sewage wastewater were introduced, aiming to improve the broad application of baffled-submerged bio-film process in the wastewater treatment in small towns. An engineering case was taken as an example to describe the process flow, process parameters and sizes of the structures. The character of the designing was explained along with the discussion of the running effect. The running effect shows that sewage wastewater treated by baffled-submerged bio-film process can meet the requirements of Grand B of Primary standard of Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918).
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Machado, Noel G., and Jerrin Samuel. "Predictably Irrational Hiring." NHRD Network Journal 14, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631454120988415.
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The hiring process plays a key role in organisational performance, but it involves contentious judgements and decisions. Behavioural economics can help us improve hiring effectiveness and enable the development of strong cultures and successful organisations. Using three historical cases from a Big-Five accounting firm, we present counter-intuitive hiring strategies that are relevant to organisations today. The cases involve six practices related to hiring and nine scientific concepts. The practices are: reverse interview, reverse recruitment, assessment centre (AC) design, structured interviewing, salary history ban, and withdrawal and rationalisation of designations. The scientific concepts are: representativeness heuristic, anticipatory socialisation, affect heuristic, distinction bias, social facilitation (observer effect), dual-process thinking, identity economics, anchoring effect (reference dependence) and social preference (inequity aversion). Finally, we examine the relevance of these practices and concepts as they relate to four human resources (HR) functions: (a) recruitment; (b) selection; (c) compensation and rewards; and (d) culture building.
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Samelstad, Kim M. "Treatment Techniques to Encourage Lip Closure and Decrease Drooling in Persons with Cerebral Palsy." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 8, no. 3 (May 1988): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944928800800305.
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This study was designed to test the effectiveness of oral sensorimotor techniques in decreasing drooling. A withdrawal A1-B-A2 design was used with two subjects diagnosed as having mental retardation and cerebral palsy. The baseline phase consisted of 20-minute sessions of play, followed by a 45-minute period during which the subjects wore bibs The treatment phase was identical to the baseline phase except that the 20 minutes of play was replaced with 20 minutes of treatment. Treatment techniques included light touch to the midline of the lips, maintained pressure around the lips, stretch pressure, firm strokes applied on both sides of the larynx downward, and popsicle sucking. The amount of saliva collected on an absorbent bib during the 45-minute period that followed the 20 minutes was measured and recorded Although data sessions for one subject were marked by high session-to-session variability, the treatment effectively decreased drooling in both subjects.
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Shaik, Baji, Mujeeb Khan, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Mohammed A. F. Sharaf, Doumbia Sekou, and Sang-Gyeong Lee. "A-π-D-π-A-Based Small Molecules for OTFTs Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole as Acceptor Units." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070817.
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A-π-D-π-A-based small molecules 6,6′-((thiophene-2,5-diylbis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-T) and 6,6′-(((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine-5,7-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-EDOT) have been designed and synthesized. The diketopyrrolopyrrole acts as an electron acceptor, while the thiophene or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene acts as an electron donor. The donor–acceptor groups are connected by an ethynyl bridge to further enhance the conjugation. The optoelectronics, electrochemical, and thermal properties have been investigated. Organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices prepared from TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown p-type mobility. In as cast films, TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown a hole mobility of 5.44 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 4.13 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The increase in the mobility of TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT OTFT devices was observed after annealing at 150 °C, after which the mobilities were 3.11 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.63 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
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Nguyễn, Hà Tuyết Minh, DongQuy Hoang, and Thị Chi Phạm. "Study of flame retardancy, thermal and physical properties of rigid polyurethane foam based on recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) using non-halogen flame retardant." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v5i2.1011.
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Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) obtained from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles was used to synthesize polyurethane foams (B-PUF) and the fireproof B-PUF in the presence of nonhalogen flame retardant, namely, aluminum hydrogen phosphonate (AHP). Loading of 25 php AHP was needed for B-PUF/AHP to achieve UL-94 V-0 rating. The thermal stability of B-PUF was improved with the addition of AHP through the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results. In addition, other properties such as density and foam structure were also investigated. The outcomes of this study also confirmed that the B-PUF prepared from recycled PET not only were composed of a high percentage of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate), which could help reduce the amount of recycled polymer materials and improved waste management but also met the high demands for the fire safety of polymer applications.
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Choi, Eunjin, Yuhyeon Jang, Dongil Ho, Wookil Chae, Taeshik Earmme, Choongik Kim, and SungYong Seo. "Development of Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT) Derivatives as Solution-Processable Small Molecular Semiconductors for Organic Thin Film Transistors." Coatings 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101222.
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Novel solution-processable dithieno[3,2-d:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT) derivatives with alkylated thiophene or alkyl chain substituents, 2,6-bis(5-octylthiophen-2-yl)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (compound 1), 2,6-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (compound 2), and 2,6-dioctyldithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (compound 3), have been synthesized and employed as small molecular organic semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). All compounds exhibited good thermal stability over 290 °C, while different side groups of DTT compounds afforded different melting temperatures. The molecular orbital energy levels were experimentally and theoretically calculated, and their trend was almost the same. The developed compounds were employed as active layers for top-contact/bottom-gate OFETs with average charge carrier mobility as high as 0.10 cm2/Vs and current on/off ratio > 107 in ambient atmosphere. Notably, DTT derivative with linear alkyl chain (-octyl) substituents showed the best device performance. High device performance could be attributed to the large grains and continuous surface coverages as well as high film texture of the corresponding semiconductor films.
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Hristeva, Galina, and Roland Kaufhold. "»Ich bin sicher, Großvater hätte das gebilligt«." Zeitenwende? 35, no. 1 (June 2023): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0941-5378-2023-1-75.
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Der Artikel führt in das Leben von Sigmund Freuds Enkel Anton Walter Freud ein. Nach der Rekonstruktion seiner Jugend in Wien, der Familienbeziehungen und der Ereignisse, die zu der Emigration der Familie nach England führten, sowie nach der Darstellung der für Anton Freud sehr schwierigen Jahre bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges liegt der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung auf Anton Walter Freud als Nazijäger. Im Rahmen seiner Tätigkeit als britischer Armeeangehöriger des War Crimes Investigation Team (WCIT) verhörte Freud Nazitäter wie z.B. Anton Tesch, einen Angehörigen von der Firma Tesch & Stabenow. Tesch war verantwortlich für die Lieferung des Zyklon-B-Gases, mit dem in bestialischer Weise Millionen von wehrlosen Juden in deutschen Vernichtungslagern wie Auschwitz und Sobibor ermordet wurden. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Artikels stellt die Analyse des Films Nazijäger – Reise in die Finsternis dar (2022, Buch: Hannah und Raymond Ley; Regie Raymond Ley, Produzent Michael Kloft), der vom Ersten am 16. Januar 2022 ausgestrahlt wurde. Der Film und die vorgelegte Filmanalyse nehmen Anton Walter Freuds Rolle bei der Aufklärung der im KZ Neuengamme an Kindern verübten sadistischen Experimente und Mordhandlungen ins Visier. Der Bericht über Freuds Rückkehr in das bürgerliche Leben nach 1945 rundet den Text ab.
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Condon, Lea, Peter J. Weisberg, and Jeanne C. Chambers. "Abiotic and biotic influences on Bromus tectorum invasion and Artemisia tridentata recovery after fire." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 4 (2011): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09082.
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Native sagebrush ecosystems in the Great Basin (western USA) are often invaded following fire by exotic Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass), a highly flammable annual grass. Once B. tectorum is established, higher fire frequencies can lead to local extirpation of Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (mountain big sagebrush) and have cascading effects on sagebrush ecosystems and the species that depend on them. We conducted a landscape-scale observational study to examine the distribution and cover of B. tectorum and A. tridentata 6 years after a large wildland fire. We used structural equation models to quantify the interacting influences of pre-fire tree canopy cover, perennial species cover, distance from potential seed source, and site environment on post-fire cover of B. tectorum and A. tridentata. Results confirmed a hypothesised negative effect of pre-fire tree canopy cover on post-fire cover of A. tridentata. Site- and landscape-level abiotic factors influenced pre-fire tree canopy cover, which, in turn, influenced the probability of rapid recovery to A. tridentata. However, B. tectorum cover was primarily influenced by a positive effect of incident solar radiation and a negative effect of perennial herbaceous species cover. Restoration efforts to reduce tree canopy cover should be limited to productive sites with sufficient cover of perennial herbaceous species to facilitate site recovery.
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Swick, Steven M., Weigang Zhu, Micaela Matta, Thomas J. Aldrich, Alexandra Harbuzaru, J. Teodomiro Lopez Navarrete, Rocio Ponce Ortiz, et al. "Closely packed, low reorganization energy π-extended postfullerene acceptors for efficient polymer solar cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 36 (August 20, 2018): E8341—E8348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807535115.
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New organic semiconductors are essential for developing inexpensive, high-efficiency, solution-processable polymer solar cells (PSCs). PSC photoactive layers are typically fabricated by film-casting a donor polymer and a fullerene acceptor blend, with ensuing solvent evaporation and phase separation creating discrete conduits for photogenerated holes and electrons. Until recently, n-type fullerene acceptors dominated the PSC literature; however, indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT)-based acceptors have recently enabled remarkable PSC performance metrics, for reasons that are not entirely obvious. We report two isomeric IDTT-based acceptors 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-benz-(5, 6)indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-nonylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]di-thiophene (ITN-C9) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-benz(6,7)indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-nonylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (ITzN-C9) that shed light on the exceptional IDTT properties vis-à-vis fullerenes. The neat acceptors and blends with fluoropolymer donor poly{[4,8-bis[5-(2- ethylhexyl)-4-fluoro-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene2,6-diyl]-alt-[2,5-thiophenediyl[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-1,3-diyl]]} (PBDB-TF) are investigated by optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, photovoltaic response, space-charge-limited current transport, atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and density functional theory-level quantum chemical analysis. The data reveal that ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 organize such that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital-rich end groups have intermolecular π−π distances as close as 3.31(1) Å, with electronic coupling integrals as large as 38 meV, and internal reorganization energies as small as 0.133 eV, comparable to or superior to those in fullerenes. ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 have broad solar-relevant optical absorption, and, when blended with PBDB-TF, afford devices with power conversion efficiencies near 10%. Performance differences between ITN-C9 and ITzN-C9 are understandable in terms of molecular and electronic structure distinctions via the influences on molecular packing and orientation with respect to the electrode.
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Agneeswari, Rajalingam, Kyung Hwan Roh, Vellaiappillai Tamilavan, Youngeup Jin, Sung Heum Park, and Myung Ho Hyun. "Preparation of a New Polymer Containing Benzodithiophene and Imide‐functionalized Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,3‐dione Units for Polymer Solar Cells." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 36, no. 2 (January 23, 2015): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.10124.
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A pyrrole‐based, imide‐functionalized, electron‐deficient monomer unit, 4,6‐dibromo‐2,5‐dioctylpyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,3(2H ,5H )‐dione (DPPD), was copolymerized with electron‐rich 2,6‐bis(trimethyltin)‐4,8‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene to afford the polymer P( BDT‐DPPD ). The weight‐averaged molecular weight (M w) of P( BDT‐DPPD ) was 6.41 × 103 g/mol with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.32. P( BDT‐DPPD ) displayed a broad absorption band from 300 to 600 nm with onset absorption at 596 nm in the film state. The calculated optical bandgap of P( BDT‐DPPD ) was 2.08 eV, and the estimated highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of P( BDT‐DPPD ) was −5.48 eV. The polymer solar cell (PSC) fabricated in the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P( BDT‐DPPD )/PC70BM (1:2 wt%)/Al configuration was found to give a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.46% with an open‐circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.79 V, a current density (J sc) of 4.59 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 40%.
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Fidyk, Julia, Witold Waliszewski, Piotr Sleczkowski, Adam Kiersnowski, Wojciech Pisula, and Tomasz Marszalek. "Switching from Electron to Hole Transport in Solution-Processed Organic Blend Field-Effect Transistors." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112662.
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Organic electronics became an attractive alternative for practical applications in complementary logic circuits due to the unique features of organic semiconductors such as solution processability and ease of large-area manufacturing. Bulk heterojunctions (BHJ), consisting of a blend of two organic semiconductors of different electronic affinities, allow fabrication of a broad range of devices such as light-emitting transistors, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodetectors, ambipolar transistors and sensors. In this work, the charge carrier transport of BHJ films in field-effect transistors is switched from electron to hole domination upon processing and post-treatment. Low molecular weight n-type N,N′-bis(n-octyl)-(1,7&1,6)-dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI8-CN2) was blended with p-type poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT-C14) and deposited by spin-coating to form BHJ films. Systematic investigation of the role of rotation speed, solution temperature, and thermal annealing on thin film morphology was performed using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. It has been determined that upon thermal annealing the BHJ morphology is modified from small interconnected PDI8-CN2 crystals uniformly distributed in the polymer fraction to large planar PDI8-CN2 crystal domains on top of the blend film, leading to the switch from electron to hole transport in field-effect transistors.
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Jheng, Jie-Si, Chun-Kai Wang, Yu-Zung Chiou, Sheng-Po Chang, and Shoou-Jinn Chang. "Voltage-Tunable UVC–UVB Dual-Band Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetector Based on Ga2O3/MgZnO Heterostructure by RF Sputtering." Coatings 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100994.
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Dual-band metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors (PDs) with a Ga2O3/MgZnO heterostructure were fabricated by radio frequency (RF) sputtering, which can detect ultraviolet C (UVC) and ultraviolet B (UVB) bands individually by controlling different bias voltages. A PD with the annealing temperature of Ga2O3 at 600 °C can improve the crystal quality of Ga2O3 thin film and exhibit the least persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect. However, a PD with the annealing temperature of Ga2O3 at 600 °C cannot achieve a voltage-tunable dual-band characteristic. On the contrary, the PD without annealing can suppress the carriers from the bottom layer of MgZnO thin film at a lower bias voltage of 1 V. At this time, the peak responsivity at 250 nm was mainly dominated by the top layer of Ga2O3 thin film. Then, as the bias voltage increased to 5 V, the peak detection wavelength shifted from 250 (UVC) to 320 nm (UVB). In addition, the PD with a 25 nm–thick SiO2 layer inserted between Ga2O3 and MgZnO thin film can achieve a broader operating bias voltage range for dual-band applications.
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Fanta, Gada Muleta, Pawel Jarka, Urszula Szeluga, Tomasz Tański, and Jung Yong Kim. "Phase Behavior of Amorphous/Semicrystalline Conjugated Polymer Blends." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081726.
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We report the phase behavior of amorphous/semicrystalline conjugated polymer blends composed of low bandgap poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene) -alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and poly{(N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene -1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)). As usual in polymer blends, these two polymers are immiscible because ΔSm ≈ 0 and ΔHm > 0, leading to ΔGm > 0, in which ΔSm, ΔHm, and ΔGm are the entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of mixing, respectively. Specifically, the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) for the PCPDTBT /P(NDI2OD-T2) blend was estimated to be 1.26 at 298.15 K, indicating that the blend was immiscible. When thermally analyzed, the melting and crystallization point depression was observed with increasing PCPDTBT amounts in the blends. In the same vein, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the π-π interactions in P(NDI2OD-T2) lamellae were diminished if PCPDTBT was incorporated into the blends. Finally, the correlation of the solid-liquid phase transition and structural information for the blend system may provide insight for understanding other amorphous/semicrystalline conjugated polymers used as active layers in all-polymer solar cells, although the specific morphology of a film is largely affected by nonequilibrium kinetics.
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Akben Selçuk, Elif, Emin Köksal, and Ayşe Altıok Yılmaz. "ŞİRKET BİRLEŞME VE SATIN ALMALARININ FİRMA VE SEKTÖR DÜZEYİNDE ETKİLERİ: BİR LİTERATÜR TARAMASI." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 4, no. 1 (April 17, 2016): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v4i1.132.
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Bu çalışmanın amacı şirket birleşme ve satın alma (B&S) işlemlerinin hem mikro hem makro düzeyde etkilerini konu alan çalışmaları inceleyen bir literatür çalışması ortaya koymaktır. İnceleme üç ayrı kısımda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci kısımda B&S işlemlerine makro düzeyde yaklaşan çalışmalar ele alınarak, bu işlemlerin sektör ve piyasa düzeyinde etkileri ile bu işlemlerin sayısını etkileyen faktörler üzerinde durulmaktadır. İkinci bölümde B&S işlemlerinin katılımcı firmaların finansal performansında meydana getirdiği değişiklikleri inceleyen çalışmalara yer verilecekmiştir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise B&S işlemleri sonrası performans değişimine etki edeceği düşünülen faktörlerden bahsedilmektedir.
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Namespetra, Andrew M., Arthur D. Hendsbee, Gregory C. Welch, and Ian G. Hill. "Development of simple hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0427.
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Three low-cost propeller-shaped small molecules based on a triphenylamine core and the high-performance donor molecule 7,7′-[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5′-hexyl-[2,2′-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (DTS(FBTTh2)2) were investigated as hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. Each hole-transporting material was designed with highly modular side arms, allowing for different bandgaps and thin-film properties while maintaining a consistent binding energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals to facilitate hole extraction from the perovskite active layer. Perovskite solar cell devices were fabricated with each of the three triphenylamine-based hole-transporting materials and DTS(FBTTh2)2 and were compared to devices with 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transporting layers. Each of our triphenylamine hole-transporting materials and DTS(FBTTh2)2 displayed surface morphologies that were considerably rougher than that of spiro-OMeTAD; a factor that may contribute to lower device performance. It was found that using inert, insulating polymers as additives with DTS(FBTTh2)2 reduced the surface roughness, resulting in devices with higher photocurrents.
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Izquierdo, José Enrique Eirez, José Diogo da Silva Oliveira, Vinicius Augusto Machado Nogueira, Dennis Cabrera García, Marco Roberto Cavallari, Ioannis Kymissis, and Fernando Josepetti Fonseca. "Bias Stress in Organic Thin-Film Transistors Towards Low-Cost Flexible Gas Sensors." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 16, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v16i2.197.
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This work is focused on the bias stress (BS) effects in Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFTs) from poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C14) on both highly-doped Si and glass substrates. While the former had a thermally-grown SiO2 dielectric, the latter demanded an alternative dielectric that should be capable to withstand bottom contact lithography, as well as semiconducting thin-film deposition. In addition, it should represent one more step towards flexible electronics. In order to do that, poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) was blended to poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) methylated (PMF). OTFTs on glass with a cross-linked polymer dielectric had a charge carrier mobility (μ) of 4.0x10-4 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage (VT) of 18 V, current modulation (ION/OFF) higher than 1x102, and subthreshold slope (SS) of -7.7 V/dec. A negative BS shifted VT towards negative values and produced an increase in ION/OFF. A positive BS, on the other hand, produced the opposite effect only for OTFTs on Si. This is believed to be due to a higher trapping at the PVP:PMF interface with PBTTT-C14. Modeling the device current along time by a stretched exponential provided shorter time constants of ca. 105 s and higher exponents of 0.7–0.9 for devices on glass. Due to the presence of increased BS effects, the application of organic TFTs based on PVP:PMF as flexible sensors will require compensating circuits, lower voltages or less measurements in time. Alternatively, BS effects could be reduced by a dielectric surface treatment.
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Liu, Na, Lei Dong, Xifei Li, Dejun Li, Rongxin Wan, and Hanqing Gu. "Controllable substrate bias voltages effectively tailoring nanocomposite Nb–B–Al–O film properties." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 636 (July 2015): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.175.
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GÜNEŞ, Meliha, Gökçe TURAN, Armağan DÖNMEZER, Fadime AYDIN KÖSE, Kevser Özgen ÖZER, and Sinem Yaprak KARAVANA. "MUCOADHESIVE ORODISPERSIBLE FILM FORMULATIONS OF RASAGILINE MESYLATE FOR PARKINSON TREATMENT." Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi 47, no. 1 (November 21, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1150792.
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Amaç: Bu makale, Parkinson Hastalığının oral olmayan tedavisi için Rasagilin mesilat (RM) ağızda dağılan filmlerin (ODF'ler) formülasyon çalışmalarını ve in vitro değerlendirmesini içermektedir. RM, özellikle yoğun hepatik biyotransformasyona uğrayan geri döndürülemez ve yüksek seçiciliğe sahip bir MAO-B inhibitörüdür. Karaciğerde metabolize edilir ve oral biyoyararlanımı yaklaşık %36 ve yarılanma ömrü 3 saattir. Bu özellikler, RM'nin bukkal ilaç dağıtımı için mükemmel bir aday olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Yöntem: RM'nin ODF'leri, solvent döküm yöntemiyle PEO kullanılarak hazırlandı. Bu formülasyonlar değerlendirilirken görünüş, ağırlık homojenliği, kalınlık, yüzey pH’ı, ilaç içeriği, şişme oranı, gerilme mukavemeti, mukoadezyon, in vitro ilaç salım çalışmaları ve stabilite gibi parametreler göz önünde bulundurulmuştur.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Elde edilen sonuçlar, ODF'lerin RM uygulaması için etkili ve uygulanabilir bir yaklaşım olduğunu ve Parkinson tedavisi için mevcut oral dağıtım sistemlerine yeni bir alternatif olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ağızda dağılan film, bukkal uygulama, polietilen oksit, rasaJilin mesilat
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Luo, Xia, Zongfan Duan, Kang Li, Gang He, Zhenzhen Liu, Hong Luo, Jingyu Zhang, et al. "A Novel Donor-Acceptor Thiophene-Containing Oligomer Comprising Dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide Units for Solution-Processable Organic Field Effect Transistor." Molecules 27, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092938.
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A π-conjugated thiophene-containing oligomer with a D-A-D-A-D (D: donor, A: acceptor) architecture, namely, 2,6-bis{[4-(7-n-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl]-(dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide-3,3΄-diyl)}-bis((2-ethyl-hexyl)oxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophen (BDT(DBTOTTH)2), was synthesized by Stille coupling reactions. There are obvious shifts in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the thin film relative to its solution, indicating the existence of the π-π stacking in the solid state of the oligomer BDT(DBTOTTH)2. The optical band gap of the oligomer determined from its absorption onset in UV-Vis spectra is 2.25 eV. It agrees with the value of 2.29 eV determined from the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. Its highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO) energy levels, which were calculated from its onset of oxidation and reduction waves in CV curve, are −5.51 and −3.22 eV, respectively. The oligomer is a P-type semiconductor material with a good thermal stability and solubility, which can be used to fabricate organic field effect transistors (OFETs) by the spin coating technique. The OFET with n-octadecanylltrichlorosilane (OTS)-modified SiO2 dielectric layer exhibited a mobility of 1.6 × 10−3 cm2/Vs.
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Li, Y., Y. Wu, P. Liu, M. Birau, H. Pan, and B. S. Ong. "Poly(2,5-bis(2-thienyl)-3,6-dialkylthieno [3,2-b]thiophene)s—High-Mobility Semiconductors for Thin-Film Transistors." Advanced Materials 18, no. 22 (November 17, 2006): 3029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200601204.
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Wang, Gang, Liang-Wen Feng, Wei Huang, Subhrangsu Mukherjee, Yao Chen, Dengke Shen, Binghao Wang, et al. "Mixed-flow design for microfluidic printing of two-component polymer semiconductor systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 9, 2020): 17551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000398117.
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The rational creation of two-component conjugated polymer systems with high levels of phase purity in each component is challenging but crucial for realizing printed soft-matter electronics. Here, we report a mixed-flow microfluidic printing (MFMP) approach for two-componentπ-polymer systems that significantly elevates phase purity in bulk-heterojunction solar cells and thin-film transistors. MFMP integrates laminar and extensional flows using a specially microstructured shear blade, designed with fluid flow simulation tools to tune the flow patterns and induce shear, stretch, and pushout effects. This optimizes polymer conformation and semiconducting blend order as assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), resonant soft X-ray scattering (R-SoXS), photovoltaic response, and field effect mobility. For printed all-polymer (poly[(5,6-difluoro-2-octyl-2H-benzotriazole-4,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl[4,8-bis[5-(2-hexyldecyl)-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl]) [J51]:(poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)}) [N2200]) solar cells, this approach enhances short-circuit currents and fill factors, with power conversion efficiency increasing from 5.20% for conventional blade coating to 7.80% for MFMP. Moreover, the performance of mixed polymer ambipolar [poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):N2200] and semiconducting:insulating polymer unipolar (N2200:polystyrene) transistors is similarly enhanced, underscoring versatility for two-componentπ-polymer systems. Mixed-flow designs offer modalities for achieving high-performance organic optoelectronics via innovative printing methodologies.
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Matsuda, Hirofumi, and Takashi Iijima. "Development of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Thick Films with a/b-Axis-Oriented Bi4-xPrxTi3O12." Key Engineering Materials 301 (January 2006): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.301.61.
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Pr-substituted Bi4Ti3O12 (BPT, Bi4-xPrxTi3O12, x=0.1-0.4) polycrystalline thick films with a-/b-axes orientations and thickness of 2-3 μm were grown on sputter-grown IrO2 layers by chemical solution deposition method for developing lead-free piezoelectric film microdevices. Electric-field-induced strains measurements were performed by double-beam laser displacement meter and longitudinal strain of e=0.25 % under 400 kV/cm and piezoelectric coefficient d33=63 pm/V at 10 Hz were observed in BPT thick film of x=0.1 with a-/b-axes mixed orientations. The value of strain closely related to spontaneous polarization and monotonously decreased with increasing x. Microstructures of 3 μm-thick BPT films were fabricated by photolithography and dry etching processes with several tens micrometers in size.
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Irfan, Muhammad, and Mingzheng Wang. "Data-driven capabilities, supply chain integration and competitive performance." British Food Journal 121, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 2708–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2019-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of data-driven capabilities on supply chain integration (SCI) and competitive performance of firms in the food and beverages (F & B) industry in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt the structural equation modeling approach to test the proposed hypotheses using AMOS 23. Survey data were collected from 240 firms in the F & B industry in Pakistan. Findings The results revealed that SCI (i.e. internal integration (II) and external integration (EI)) significantly mediates the effect of data-driven capabilities (i.e. flexible information technology resources and data assimilation) on a firm’s competitive performance. In addition to the direct effects, II also has an indirect effect on competitive performance through EI. Practical implications The study has several implications for managers in the context of big data application in food supply chain management (FSCM) in a developing country context. The study posits that firms can achieve excellence in performance by governing data-driven supply chain operations. The study also has implications for distributors and importers in the F & B industry. The cloud-based sharing of data can improve the operational performance of channel members while reducing their overall cost of operations. In practice, food franchises largely get the advantage of shared resources of their suppliers in managing orders, payments, inventory and after-sales services. Originality/value The study is novel and deepens the understanding about the use of big data in FSCM keeping in view the industry trends and stakeholder’s priorities in a developing country context.
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Martinez, Antonio Lopo, and Miguel Dumer. "Adoption of IFRS and the Properties of Analysts’ Forecasts: The Brazilian Case." Revista de Contabilidade e Organizações 8, no. 20 (April 17, 2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/rco.v8i20.55459.
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Using data from Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S, we investigated the statistical properties of analysts’ quarterly earnings projections in the years around the adoption of IFRS in Brazil (2007 to 2011). Characteristics such as accuracy, bias and precision of analysts’ forecasts are useful in different situations. The results indicate that the accuracy improved with increased coverage and for more profitable firms. Univariate and multivariate tests did not indicate significant changes in the accuracy and bias of the forecasts in the years around the adoption of IFRS.
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Salminen, Simo. "Two Psychometric Problems of the Firo-B Questionnaire." Psychological Reports 63, no. 2 (October 1988): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.2.423.
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Two psychometric problems of FIRO-B scales, namely, reliability and social desirability, were studied. Subjects were 152 women and 36 men from the introductory course in social psychology. They completed the FIRO-B questionnaire and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Three of the six coefficients of reproducibility were below a satisfactory level. All scalability coefficients were near the level usually required. Correlations among scores on all expressed needs scales and the social desirability scale were statistically significant. Also, wanted control was related to social desirability. We can doubt that the good reliability of FIRO-scales was based on acquiescence because reliability was not good enough just for those scales on which some items were reversed. The bias from social desirability in expressed needs was explained by the possibility that the subjects were more likely to see that the object of the measurement was themselves.
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Cheng, Christopher, Travis Peters, Ajay Dangi, Sumit Agrawal, Haoyang Chen, Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli, and Susan Trolier-McKinstry. "Improving PMUT Receive Sensitivity via DC Bias and Piezoelectric Composition." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 5614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155614.
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The receive sensitivity of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) was improved by applying a DC bias during operation. The PMUT receive sensitivity is governed by the voltage piezoelectric coefficient, h31,f. With applied DC biases (up to 15 V) on a 2 μm PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 film, e31,f increased 1.6 times, permittivity decreased by a factor of 0.6, and the voltage coefficient increased by ~2.5 times. For released PMUT devices, the ultrasound receive sensitivity improved by 2.5 times and the photoacoustic signal improved 1.9 times with 15 V applied DC bias. B-mode photoacoustic imaging experiments showed that with DC bias, the PMUT received clearer photoacoustic signals from pencil leads at 4.3 cm, compared to 3.7 cm without DC bias.
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PITRIYANTI, KADEK MIRA, KOMANG DHARMAWAN, and G. K. GANDHIADI. "PERBANDINGAN CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM) DAN THREE FACTORS MODEL FAMA AND FRENCH (TFMFF) DALAM MENGESTIMASI RETURN SAHAM." E-Jurnal Matematika 4, no. 4 (November 24, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2015.v04.i04.p109.
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In 1996, Fama and French developed the CAPM in Three Factor Model Fama and French (TFMFF) to analyze the relationship between risk with rate of return by adding firm size factor that is proxied by Small Minus Big (SMB) and value factor at Book to Market Ratio that is proxied by High Minus Low (HML) on the CAPM model. The aim of this research is to compare the ability of CAPM and TFMFF in estimating the returns on six types of portfolios which are formed based on firm size and BE/ME. Selected samples are stocks of LQ-45 in period of February 2014, which have passed the selection of firm profits and ROE Warren Buffett criteria. Simple linear regression and Multiple linear regression with t test and F test statistics are used to demonstrate the influence and significance level of each variable. The results showed that TFMFF was more superior than CAPM. Market risk factor consistently affected each portfolio. SMB and HML is not always significantly effect on each portfolio, such as portfolio B/H, only market risk factor has a significant effect. However, the addition of SMB factors and HML factors could increase the coefficient of determination in each formed portfolio.
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Builders, Philip F., Judith E. John, John Alfa, and B. B. Mohammed. "Preparation and characterization of crosslinked starch-albumin films for coating of prednisolone tablets for use in Covid-19 related respiratory disease." Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics 21, no. 2 (December 5, 2022): 846–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v21i2.7.
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Steroidal products have been found useful in inflammations associated with Covid 19. Prednisolone is one readily available steroid, which is often found as uncoated normal release tablets. Modified release prednisolone may be desirable in Covid 19 for sustained actions. This is expected to reduce dosing frequency and enhance compliance. This study is concerned with development of controlled release prednisolone using coating technology with bio-compatible, cross-linked starch-albumin films. Starches and proteins are excellent film formers with good flexibility, transparency, and bio-compatibility. The cross-linked starch-albumin films were prepared using glycerol as the plasticizer: starch (A), starch-albumin (B), starch-albumin cross-linked with formaldehyde at 1 % (C), 5 % (D) and 10 % (E). Equilibrium moisture sorption (EMS) at 100 % relative humidity, equilibrium swelling (ESC) in buffer solutions of pHs 2, 7 and 9, and DSC thermal properties were evaluated. In-vitro drug release from the film coated prednisolone tablets were evaluated in 0.1N HCl, water and phosphate buffer 8.0 as dissolution media. Films showed ESC in the order A>D>E>B>C; D>C>A>E>B and A>D>C>B>E in acidic, neutral and alkali media respectively. EMS was in the order B>E>A>D>C; with slight shift in the melting temperatures. In-vitro release at 240 min varied from 78 to 117 % (E>D>C>A>B); 19 to 60 % (D>B>C>E>A) and 49 to 60 % (B>A>C>D>E) in 0.1N HCl, water and PBS respectively. Cross-linking improved the stability and swelling of films. The in-vitro release in alkaline medium suggests their usefulness for controlled drug delivery. New pH-responsive polymers, with improved physicochemical properties for coating prednisolone tablets were developed.
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Sheng, Xiaohai, Aidong Peng, Hongbing Fu, Jiannian Yao, Yuanyuan Liu, and Yaobing Wang. "Reversible fluorescence modulation based on photochromic diarylethene and fluorescent coumarin." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 6 (June 2007): 1558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0199.
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A fluorescence switch by the photoisomerization of a photochromic compound in CH3CN and in a polymer film using a bistable photochromic (1,2-bis(2-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl) hexafluorocyclopentene) (BTF6) and a fluorescent 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino) coumarin (coumarin6) was demonstrated. Because only the closed form of BTF6 serves as a fluorescence quencher of coumarin6, and the read (406 nm), write (254 nm), and erase (>500 nm) wavelengths are well-separated, a reversible modulation of the fluorescence of coumarin6 with high contrast and high sensitivity is expected to be realized. This system may represent an alternative to the fluorescence switches that are based on covalent systems in the potentially long-term optical data or image storage schemes utilizing luminescence intensity readout.
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Liu, Chelsea, Graeme Gould, and Barry Burgan. "Value-relevance of financial statements." International Journal of Managerial Finance 10, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 332–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-02-2011-0016.
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Purpose – The Chinese capital markets are divided into two segments comprising of A-shares (traded by domestic investors) and B-shares (traded by foreign investors). Firms issuing A-shares are required to produce accounting reports under the Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) and firms issuing B-shares are required to report under the International Accounting Standards (IAS). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the comparative value-relevance of accounting information in the Chinese capital markets, in particular whether the value-relevance associated IAS exceeds that of CAS. Design/methodology/approach – This study undertakes a capital market research approach. Two statistical models are employed to test the value-relevance of competing accounting information on share prices: the Price Model and the Return Model. This study takes advantage of the parallel reporting frameworks governing the A-share and B-share markets buy using the same firms which issue both A-shares and B-shares. Findings – The analysis supporting the study demonstrates that both CAS and IAS information is value relevant to investors in the Chinese capital markets but that IAS provide more useful information. Additionally it is observed that reconciliation variables (representing the discrepancy between IAS- and CAS-based accounting figures) are not significant in explaining market valuation or returns on stock. Research limitations/implications – This study provides evidence of value-relevance of accounting reports on the Chinese capital markets for the period of 1999-2005. The period under investigation captures the significant development in China's accounting regulations which took place in 1998 and 2001. The recent shift in accounting regulations in China from CAS to IAS is expected to improve the dissemination of financial information by publicly listed Chinese firms. Practical implications – This study investigates the reporting requirements on the Chinese capital markets during a period in which accounting reporting requirements underwent a significant change as part of the internationalization of accounting standards. Both A- and B-share markets were investigated simultaneously in order to provide an objective analysis and avoid sampling selection bias present in other studies. Social implications – The recent shift in accounting regulations in China from CAS to IAS is expected to improve the dissemination of financial information by publicly listed Chinese firms. Originality/value – This paper extends previous research on value-relevance of accounting reports in the Chinese capital markets by capturing the period in which the reporting requirements had experienced significant change. This paper also takes advantage of the dual reporting framework in order to mitigate potential sampling bias present in previous studies and employs a reconciliation variables not previously used.
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Sultana, Noreen. "PRIORITIES, CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS OF LOCAL YOUNG SPECTATORS REGARDING 21ST CENTURY FILM AND CINEMA." Advanced Humanities & Social Sciences 5 (2020): 5.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21065/25205985.5.1.
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The aim of present paper is to investigate the psychological outcomes of 21st century Pakistani movies on viewers. The most important four outcomes are as following: (a) Violent behavior (b) Sensuality and Depression (c) Stereotypes (d) Misconception about Islam and Pakistani culture. By psychologically examining the theme of the film, we can take a look at the producer’s psychological methods and analyze the performance of the theme in the film. This paper is psychological analysis of five film themes and their carriage in productions. The films under analysis are Khuda Kay Liay (2007), Bol (2011), Bin Roye(2015), Malik (2016) Waar (2013). It is inferred from this study that these films have strong psychological impact on audience’s conscious and unconscious.
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Sultana, Noreen. "PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PAKISTANI FILMS ON SPECTATORS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE 21ST CENTURY FILMS." Advanced Humanities & Social Sciences 5 (2020): 5.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21065/25205986.5.1.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of present paper is to investigate the psychological outcomes of 21st century Pakistani movies on viewers. The most important four outcomes are as following: (a) Violent behavior (b) Sensuality and Depression (c) Stereotypes (d) Misconception about Islam and Pakistani culture. By psychologically examining the theme of the film, we can take a look at the producer’s psychological methods and analyze the performance of the theme in the film. This paper is psychological analysis of five film themes and their carriage in productions. The films under analysis are Khuda Kay Liay (2007), Bol (2011), Bin Roye(2015), Malik (2016) Waar (2013). It is inferred from this study that these films have strong psychological impact on audience’s conscious and unconscious