Journal articles on the topic 'B 1894'

A variety of fossil mammals has been recovered from the freshwater, fluviatile sediments of the Chinchilla Sand (sensu Woods 1960) and is collectively known as the Chinchilla Local Fauna (Archer and Bartholomai 1978). Included in this exclusively Pliocene fauna are marsupial carnivores (Bartholomai 1962, 1976; Wroe and Mackness 1998; 2000a,b); bandicoots (Mackness et al. 2000); phascolarctomorphs (De Vis 1889, Archer 1977); diprotontontoids (De Vis 1887, 1891, 1895; Longman 1921); marsupial lions (Bartholomai 1962); macropodids (Bartholomai 1963, 1973, 1975); bats (Hand et al. 1999) and rodents (Godthelp 1990). In addition, there are several reports of thylacinids from the fauna (De Vis 1893, 1894; Ride 1964; Dawson 1982).

Casandria Walker, 1857, is transferred from the Nolidae (Collomeninae) to the Erebidae (Catocalinae), as the senior synonym of Acathodica Schaus, 1894. Consequently, the species formerly associated with Acanthodica are herein transferred to Casandria: C. albiplena (L. B. Prout, 1919) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. cabra (Dognin, 1894) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. chiripa (Dognin, 1894) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. coelebs (L. B. Prout, 1919) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. drucei (Dognin, 1889) (Calocampa), comb. n., C. emittens Walker, 1857 [=Agrotis daunus Druce, 1894)], syn. n., [=Acanthodica grandis (Schaus, 1894)], syn. n., C. fassli (Zerny, 1916) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. fosteri (Hampson, 1913) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. frigida (Jones, 1921) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. hages (Druce, 1900) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. lignaris (Schaus, 1894) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. penicillum (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 (Agrotis), comb. n., C. sinuilinea (L. B. Prout, 1919) (Acanthodica), comb. n., C. splendens (Druce, 1889) (Agrotis), comb. n., C. xylinoides (Schaus, 1894) (Acanthodica), comb. n. The following species, formerly associated to Casandria are herein transferred to Motya Walker, 1859: M. araea (Schaus, 1911) (Casandria), comb. n., M. flotsama (Dyar, 1914) (Casandria), comb. n., M. insignis (Dognin, 1914) (Casandria), comb. n., M. steniptera (Schaus, 1911) (Casandria), comb. n. A table of all taxa formerly associated with both Casandria and Acanthodica are presented in the “Nommenclature summary”, and illustrations of both the types of C. emittens Walker, 1857 and of A. grandis Schaus, 1894, as well of a live C. splendens (Druce, 1889), are also presented.

The new genus Barsura Volynkin, Dubatolov & Kishida, gen. nov. is described for Barsine nubifascia Walker, 1864. Three new species, B. clandestina Volynkin, Dubatolov & Kishida, sp. nov., B. obscura Volynkin, Dubatolov & Kishida, sp. nov. and B. contrastata Volynkin, Dubatolov & Kishida, sp. nov. are described from China. B. simplicifascia (Elwes, 1890), stat. nov. is upgraded to the species level. Three species previously treated as Asura, B. lineata (Fang, 2000), comb. nov., B. melanoleuca (Hampson, 1894), comb. nov. and B. umbrifera (Hampson, 1900), comb. nov. are transferred to Barsura, and one species, Barsine umbrosa (Hampson, 1896) comb. nov. is transferred to Barsine. The name lineata Fang, 1993 is restored as valid. Adults, male and female genitalia of all Barsura species and representatives of the related genera Barsine and Asura are illustrated.

Species of the late Osagean and early Meramecian primitive cladid crinoid generaAtelestocrinus, Barycrinus, Cestocrinus, Costalocrinus, Cyathocrinites, Meniscocrinusn. gen.,Parisocrinus, Pellecrinus, andSaccosomopsisfrom Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee are reviewed, redescribed, and redefined from study of type material, museum collections, and field collections. Nomenclatural and systematic acts include the following: 1)Barycrinus spurius(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofCyathocrinus tumidusHall, 1858,C. protuberansHall, 1858, andB. mammatusMeek and Worthen, 1873; 2)B. rhombiferus(Owen and Shumard, 1852a) is a senior synonym ofC. sculptilisHall, 1860,C. thomaeHall, 1860,C. hoveyiHall, 1861a,C. wachsmuthiMeek and Worthen, 1861,B. herculeusMeek and Worthen, 1868,B. pentagonusMeek and Worthen, 1873,B. striatusWorthen, 1875,B. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,B. formosusMiller and Gurley, 1894,B. washingtonensisMiller and Gurley, 1895, andB. elrodiMiller and Gurley, 1896a; 3)B. magister(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. solidusHall, 1861a andB. magnificusMeek and Worthen, 1868; 4)B. stellatus(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. bullatusHall, 1858,C. angulatusMeek and Worthen, 1860,C. quinquelobusMeek and Worthen, 1865, andB. astericusVan Sant, 1964; 5)B. crassibrachiatus(Hall, 1860) is a senior synonym ofB. princepsMiller and Gurley, 1890a; 6)B. geometricusMeek and Worthen, 1873, is considered a nomen dubium; 7)B. benedicti(Miller, 1891a) is considered a nomen dubium; 8)Cyathocrinus signatusMiller and Gurley, 1894, is assigned toCestocrinusand is a senior synonym ofCestocrinus striatusKirk, 1940; 9)Cyathocrinites iowensis(Owen and Shumard, 1850) is a senior synonym ofC. malvaceusHall, 1858,C. divaricatusHall, 1858,C. rotundatusHall, 1858,C. viminalisHall, 1861a,C. parvibrachiatusHall, 1861a,C. hamiltonensisWorthen, 1882,C. nodosusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. brevisacculusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. opimusMiller and Gurley, 1890a, andC. gurleyiMiller, 1891a; 10)C. kelloggi(White, 1862) is a senior synonym ofC. subtumidusMeek and Worthen, 1865; 11)C. farleyi(Meek and Worthen, 1866b) is a senior synonym ofC. andersoniMiller and Gurley, 1894,C. granulosusRowley, 1902, andC. snivelyiRowley, 1902; 12)C. harrodi(Wachsmuth and Springer, 1880) is a senior synonym ofC. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,C. gorbyiMiller, 1892b, andC. astralusKammer, 1984; 13)Meniscocrinusn. gen. is described andM. magnitubusn. sp. is assigned to this new genus; 14)C. labyrinthicusMiller, 1891a, is assigned toParisocrinus; 15)C. intermediusHall, 1858, is assigned toPellecrinus; and 16)C. insperatusLyon, 1869, is assigned toSaccosomopsisand is a senior synonym ofC.?poteriumMeek and Worthen, 1870.

The Afrotropical genus Brachylepis Kolbe, 1894 (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Leucopholini) was established for Coniopholis elephas Gerstaecker, 1867 from Kenya. Subsequently, Brenske (1898) described Brachylepis bennigseni from Tanzania (Pare Mountains), and Lacroix (2009) described B. werneri from Ethiopia (Negele Borana) and synonymised B. bennigseni with B. elephas. Thus, the genus contains only two species. From the closely related Afrotropical leucopholine genera (e.g., Eulepida Kolbe, 1894, Eulepidopsis Burgeon, 1946, Cochliotis Kolbe, 1894) it differs in having nine antennomeres, the terminal maxillary palpomere expanded near midlength, and an incomplete metatibial carina (Lacroix 2009, 2010).

Es wird eine Übersicht über die Familie Blastobasidae von Madeira gegeben. Elf neue Arten: Blastobasis basii sp. n., B. laurisilvae sp. n., B. luteella sp. n., B. rebeli sp. n., B. serradaguae sp. n., B. splendens sp. n., B. subdivisus sp. n., B. virgatella sp. n., B. walsinghami sp. n., B. wollastoni sp. n., B. wolffi sp. n. werden beschrieben, sechs neue Synonyme: Blastobasis sarcophaga Meyrick, 1902 - syn. n. von B. marmorosella (Wollaston, 1858), B. xanthographella Rebel, 1940, B. lignea var. melanella Mansbridge & Wright 1939 und B. lignea var. pallidella Mansbridge & Wright 1939 - synn. n. von B. adustella Walsingham, 1894, stat. n. der Abberation von B. lignea Walsingham, 1894; Blastobasis lignea Walsingham, 1894 und B. flavescentella Rebel, 1940 - synn. n. von B. vittata (Wollaston, 1858), comb. n. von Laverna Curtis werden festgestellt. Der Status von Blastobasis decolorella (Wollaston, 1858), B. lacticolella Rebel, 1940 und B. marmorosella (Wollaston, 1858) wurde auf der Grundlage der Untersuchung des Typusmaterials revidiert. Alle Arten und ihre Genitalien werden abgebildet, Informationen zur Bionomie werden vorgelegt. 22 der 26 Arten werden als endemisch für Madeira angesehen.StichwörterMadeira, Microlepidoptera, Blastobasidae, Endemism.Nomenklatorische Handlungenvirgatella Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blasobasis), spec. n.adustella Walsingham, 1894 (Blastobasis), stat. n. hitherto Blastobasis lignea var. adustellabassii Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.decolorella (Wollaston, 1858) (Blastobasis), Lectotype; spec. rev. described as Laverna? decolorella; decolorella auct. is another speciesdesertarum (Wollaston, 1858) (Blastobasis), Lectotype described as Coleophora desertarumdivisus (Walsingham, 1894) (Blastobasis), Lectotype described as Epistetus divisusflavescentella Rebel, 1940 (Blastobasis), Lectotype now a sysnonym of Blastobasis vittata (Wollaston, 1858)insularis (Wollaston, 1858) (Blastobasis), Lectotype described as Asychna insularislacticolella Rebel, 1940 (Blastobasis), Neotypelaurisilvae Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.lavernella Walsingham, 1894 (Blastobasis), Lectotypelignea Walsingham, 1894 (Blastobasis), Lectotype now a sysnonym of Blastobasis vittata (Wollaston, 1858)luteella Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.marmorosella (Wollaston, 1858) (Blastobasis), Lectotype described as Oecophora marmorosellamaroccanella Amsel, 1952 (Blastobasis), Lectotypenigromaculata (Wollaston, 1858) (Blastobasis), Lectotype described as Gelechia nigromaculataochreopalpella (Wollaston, 1858) (Blastobasis), Lectotype described as Oecophora ochreopalpellapica (Walsingham, 1894) (Blastobasis), Lectotype described as Epistetus? picarebeli Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.salebrosella Rebel, 1940 (Blastobasis), Lectotypesarcophaga Meyrick, 1902 (Blastobasis), syn. n. of Blastobasis marmorosella (Wollaston, 1858)serradaguae Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.splendens Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.subdivisus Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.vittata (Wollaston, 1858) (Blastobasis), Lectotype; comb. n. hitherto Laverna vittatawalsinghami Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.wolffi Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.wollastoni Karsholt & Sinev, 2004 (Blastobasis), spec. n.xanthographella Rebel, 1940 (Blastobasis), Lectotype; syn. n. of Blastobasis adustella Walsingham, 1894melanella Mansbridge & Wright, 1939 (Blastobasis lignea var.), syn. n. of Blastobasis adustella Walsingham, 1894pallidella Mansbridge & Wright, 1939 (Blastobasis lignea var.), syn. n. of Blastobasis adustella Walsingham, 1894fuscomaculella Ragonot, 1879 (Oecophora), Lectotype now a synonym of Blastobasis marmorosella (Wollaston, 1858)seeboldiella Kreithner, 1881 (Oecophora), Lectotype now a synonym of Blastobasis marmorosella (Wollaston, 1858)maderensis Stainton, 1859 (Pterolonche?), Lectotype now a synonym of Blastobasis desertarum (Wollaston, 1858)

As mudanças legislativas do final do século XIX alteraram o status quo da Igreja Católica, levando-a a desenvolver novas estratégias de ação a fim de defender seu espaço junto à comunidade. Devido a séculos de padroado, a religiosidade brasileira tornara-se uma mescla de práticas medievais e mágicas com características portuguesas, africanas e indígenas. O combate a essas práticas foi intensificado com a implementação do ultramontanismo, que buscava centralizar e verticalizar o poder clerical, diminuir o poder das irmandades leigas, sacralizar os locais de culto, dentre outras. Partindo dessas premissas, esse artigo analisa a vinda de religiosos católicos europeus para Goiás, nomeadamente da Congregação do Santíssimo Redentor – redentoristas –, como parte importante do projeto ultramontano. Esses religiosos reforçaram o clero (então diminuto), contribuíram na propagação da fé com missões, giros paroquiais e desobrigas, criaram um jornal religioso e ainda ajudaram no controle da principal festa religiosa do estado. The Congregation of the Holy Redeemer in Goiás (1894-1925) The legislative changes of the late nineteenth century has altered the status quo of the Catholic Church, leading it to develop new strategies of action in order to defend its space with the community. Due to centuries of patronage, Brazilian religiosity had become a mixture of medieval and magical practices with Portuguese, African and indigenous characteristics. The fight against these practices was intensified with the implementation of ultramontanism, which sought to centralize and verticalize clerical power, to reduce the power of lay brotherhoods, to sacralize places of worship, among others. Based on these premises, this article analyzes the coming of European Catholic religious to Goiás, namely the Congregation of the Holy Redeemer – Redemptorists – as an important part of the ultramontane project. These religious strengthened the clergy (then scanty), contributed to the spread of the faith with missions, parochial circuit and disengagement, created a religious newspaper and also helped control the main religious celebration of the state.

In December 1894 prof. Baldy reported to the Philadelphia Medical Society 5 cases of the named operation performed by him and various other members of the society; in May 1895 the number of these operations increased to 19 with seven recoveries. B refers to prof. LwsFa, who calls this operation a future-proof operation, considering it especially useful in early diagnosis and production. Baldy gives a new case of her, here are the details.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In Portugal, in the historical cartography of viticulture, there are two important phases in which the use of cartography was recurrent: the first was essentially at the beginning of the last quarter of the nineteenth century, when the surveys and publications of the base cartography were consolidated, until the fall of the monarchical regime; the second began with the phase of political affirmation of the Estado Novo, and ended in the fifties of the last century.</p><p> From the cartographic documents elaborated in both phases we present a consolidated contribution, concluding a large research project on the history of the cartography of the vine and wine, with which new elements are added to the history of Portuguese thematic cartography. Thus, the whole discourse is based on the autorts and on the known history of Portuguese cartography and results from the analysis and contextualization of dozens of cartographic documents published between 1867 and 1952, namely:</p><p> 1867 - AGUIAR, Antonio Augusto, Visita às principaes comarcas vinhateiras no Centro do Reino no anno de 1866”, in “Memoria sobre os processos de vinificação a empregar nos principaes centros vinhateiros do Continente do Reino”, Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional, entre pp. 62-63.</p><p> 1890 - PÉRY, Gerardo Augusto, “Estatistica Agricola, Producção Vinicola de Portugal e Ilhas Adjacentes (Producção Approximada Media), 1884-1888”, Direcção dos Trabalhos da Carta Agrícola e Inspecção de Estatistica Agrícola, 31 de Janeiro de 1890. Lisboa, Boletim da Direcção Geral da Agricultura, 1890, nº 2, Fevereiro, pp. 244-249.</p><p> 1890 - MARÇAL, Ramiro Larcher, “Relatorio Geral do Anno de 1888, pelo agronomo chefe da 6ª região agronomica Ramiro Larcher Marçal”, Lisboa, Boletim da Direcção Geral da Agricultura, 1890, nº 12, Dezembro, pp. 1197-1248.</p><p> 1891 - MARÇAL, Ramiro Larcher, Relatorio do agronomo subalterno da 6ª região” (1890), “6ª região agronomica, inspecção geral às vinhas em 1889”, Lisboa, Boletim da Direcção Geral da Agricultura, 1890, nº 9, Setembro, pp. 997-1015</p><p> 1891 - GONDIM, Manuel Rodrigues, “Circunscripção do Norte – Inspecção da Agricultura. Relatorio de inspecção às vinhas em 1888”. Lisboa, Boletim da Direcção Geral da Agricultura, 1891, nº 4, Abril, pp. 312-330.</p><p> 1892 - BARROS, Alfredo de V. V. Corrêa, ”Relatório da inspecção da Agricultura”, Lisboa, Boletim da Direcção Geral da Agricultura, 1890, nº 9, Setembro, pp. 1087-1144.</p><p> 1892 - RAMALHO, António Gomes (agrónomo chefe da 8ª repartição), “Serviços agrícolas regionais. Relatório do agrónomo chefe da 8ª região agronómica sobre serviços agrícolas e phylloxericos, no anno de 1891”, Lisboa, Boletim da Direcção Geral da Agricultura, 1892, nº 12, Dezembro, pp. 1169-1212.</p><p> 1893 - BARROS, Alfredo de V. V. Corrêa, “Recosntituição da vinha Europea pela enxertia sobre cepas americanas”, Lisboa, Boletim da Direcção Geral da Agricultura, 1893, 5º anno, nº 12, Dezembro, pp. 937-1056.</p><p> 1894 - MENEZES, José Taveira Carvalho Pinto, “Considerações acerca da produção vinícola do Norte de Portugal em 1892”, Porto, Direcção Geral dos Serviços Ampeleográficos (manuscrito depositado na Biblioteca da Comissão de Viticultura dos Vinhos Verdes).</p><p> 1900 - COSTA, B. C. Cincinnato da e CASTRO, D. Luiz de (coords.), Portugal au point de vue agricole, Lisboa, Imprensa Nacional.</p><p> 1941 - GIRÃO, Aristides de Amorim (1941, 2ª edição 1958), Atlas de Portugal. Coimbra: Gráfica de Coimbra (texto) e Lito-Coimbra (mapas). Publicação comemorativa do duplo centenário.</p><p> 1942 - JUNTA NACIONAL DO VINHO (1942), Contribuição para o Cadastro dos Vinhos Portugueses na Área de Influência da J. N. V., Vols. I e II. Lisboa, Ministério da Economia, Tipografia Ramos, Afonso e Moita, Lda., dezembro de 1943.</p><p> 1950 - MIGUEL, Américo C., “Generalidades sobre o custo de produção do vinho. Método da conta de cultura total (O caso de Almeirim)”, Lisboa, Anais da Junta Nacional do Vinho, Vol. II, pp. 159-299.</p><p> 1950 - MIGUEL, Américo C. e GODINHO, Mário Falcão, “Carta Vinícola de Portugal”, Lisboa, Anais da Junta Nacional do Vinho, Vol. II, pp. 301-316.</p><p> 1951 - OLIVEIRA, Rogério V., “O custo de produção do vinho no concelho de Torres Vedras, sua determinação pelo método da ‘conta de cultura total’”, Lisboa, Anais da Junta Nacional do Vinho, Vol. III, pp. 185-289.</p><p> - “Concelho de Torres Vedras, Carta Vitícola”, s/autor, escala gráfica (aprox. 1:150.000), 28x23 cm, entre pp. 200- 201.</p><p> 1952 - MIGUEL, Américo C. e OLIVEIRA, Rogério V., “Planificação de uma rede de adegas cooperativas para a área da jurisdição da Junta Nacional do Vinho”, Lisboa, Anais da Junta Nacional do Vinho, Vol. IV, pp. 95-369.</p>

The eminent Austrian zoologist Franz Werner described several new species of amphibians and reptiles from America, including Anolis aequatorialis Werner, 1894 and Hylodes appendiculatus Werner, 1894. Both species were described based on single specimens, with no more specific type localities than “Ecuador” (Werner 1894a,b). After its description, A. aequatorialis remained unreported until Peters (1967) and Fitch et al. (1976) published information on its distribution and natural history. Anolis aequatorialis is currently known to inhabit low montane and cloud forest on the western slopes of the Andes from extreme southern Colombia to central Ecuador, between 1300 and 2300 m elevation (Ayala-Varela & Velasco 2010; Ayala-Varela et al. 2014; Lynch et al. 2014; D.F. Cisneros-Heredia pers. obs.). Likewise, Hylodes appendiculatus (now Pristimantis appendiculatus) remained only known from its type description until Lynch (1971) and Miyata (1980) provided certain localities and information on its natural history. Pristimantis appendiculatus is currently known to occur in low montane, cloud, and high montane forests on the western slopes of the Andes from extreme southern Colombia to northern Ecuador between 1460 and 2800 m elevation (Lynch 1971; Miyata 1980; Lynch & Burrowes 1990; Lynch & Duellman 1997; Frost 2016). To this date, the type localities of both species remain obscure. The purpose of this paper is to restrict the type localities of Hylodes appendiculatus Werner, 1894 and Anolis aequatorialis Werner, 1894 based on analyses of the travel journals of their original collector.

Three new species of Benedenia are described from the Great Barrier Reef: B. ernsti n. sp., B. fieldsi n. sp. and B. haywardi n. sp. Allobenedenia ishikawae (Goto, 1894) Yamaguti, 1963 does not fit the diagnosis of Allobenedenia Yamaguti, 1963 as amended by Yang, Kritsky & Sun, 2004 and we return it to Benedenia as B. ishikawae (Goto, 1894) Monticelli, 1902. We consider Benedenia sargocentron Zhang, Yang & Liu, 2001 a synonym of B. hawaiiensis. Benedenia now consists of 25 species with a broad range of morphological variations, host relationships and microhabitats. A key to species of Benedenia is presented. Benedenia fieldsi may pose a significant risk to sea cage aquaculture of its serranid hosts.

Between 1881 and 1894 the Boston & Albany Railroad undertook a major program of capital investment and improvements to the physical facilities of the line, including the construction of over 30 new passenger stations. H. H. Richardson's close friends, James A. Rumrill and Charles S. Sargent, as the two members of the B&A Board most interested in construction, were given responsibility for this program. They directed the commissions to Richardson and after his death to his successors, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge. Richardson's nine B&A station designs were generally variations on a simple theme-small rectangular stone blocks with overhanging roofs providing sheltered waiting space at trackside. The continuation of this approach by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in 23 additional station designs resulted in a remarkable consistency of character and quality throughout the B&A system. This consistency was also fostered by the continuing participation of Norcross Brothers of Worcester (Richardson's "Master Builder") as contractor, and by the participation of F. L. Olmsted, whose design of landscaped settings for many of the stations contributed to the establishment of the B&A program of "railroad gardening." While the stations were small commissions, the totality of the B&A program represents an impressive collaboration of designer, contractor, and client which has seldom been equalled.

All cyclidan species represented by existing material are illustrated photographically. New genera within Cyclidae include Ambocyclus new genus; Carabicyclus new genus; Chernyshevine new genus, Litocyclus new genus; and Tazawacyclus new genus with the following new combinations: A. capidulum (Chernyschev, 1933); A. simulans (Reed, 1908); A. ? minutus (Rogers, 1902); Carabicyclus wrighti (Woodward, 1870); L. bilobatus (Woodward, 1870); L. ? communis (Rogers, 1902); L. jonesianus (Woodward, 1870); L. ? permarginatus (Rogers, 1902); L. torosus (Woodward, 1870); Chernyshevine spinosus (Chernyschev, 1933); T. tazawai (Niko & Ibaraki, 2011); U. harknessi (Woodward, 1870); and U. woodwardi (Reed, 1893). New genera within Americlidae include Brittaniclus and Dziklus with the following new combinations: B. rankini (Woodward, 1868); B. scotti (Woodward, 1894); B. testudo (Peach, 1882); and D. obesus (Schram, Vonk & Hof, 1997). A neotype is herein designated for Halicyne plana. Each family within Cyclida occupies a distinct morphospace. Two families survived the end-Permian mass extinction event. Most cyclidans occupied marine conditions, but some are known from marginal marine and freshwater environments.

Presently 724 species are known from the Danube Delta and Dobruja. From these, 270 in the Danube Delta and Dobruja, 50 to Romania and 2 to science are new (the description of the species is in progress). The species new to Romania are the following: Noxius curtirostris (Mulsant & Rey, 1861); Bruchela cana (Küster, 1848); B. concolor (Fåhraeus, 1839); B. parvula (Motschulsky, 1875); Perapion (Perapion) connexum (Schilsky, 1902); Ceratapion (Echinostroma) scalptum caviceps (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870); Metapion ermischi (Voss, 1969); Protapion angusticolle (Gyllenhal, 1833); Allomalia quadrivirgata (Costa, 1863); Corimalia fausti fausti (Reitter, 1890); Bagous (Macropelmus) claudicans Boheman, 1845; B. (Macropelmus) dieckmanni Gratshev, 1993; B. (Macropelmus) lothari Caldara & O'Brien, 1998; Brachycerus lutosus Gyllenhal, 1833; Stenopelmus rufinasus Gyllenhal, 1835; Tanysphyrus ater Blatchley, 1928; Aulacobaris kiesenwetteri (Faust, 1890); Labiaticola despicatus Faust, 1889; L. melas (Boheman, 1836); Ceutorhynchus levantinus Schultze, 1898; C. merkli Korotyaev, 2001; C. scrobicollis Neresheimer & H. Wagner, 1924; C. talickyi Korotyaev, 1980; C. varius Rey, 1895; Microplontus millefolii (Schultze, 1897); Ranunculiphilus (Austroceutorhynchus) italicus (C. N. F. Brisout de Barneville, 1869); Thamiocolus roubali Dieckmann, 1973; T. sinapis (Desbrochers des Loges, 1893); Gymnetron tibiellum Desbrochers des Loges, 1900; Miarus hellenicus Dieckmann 1978; M. solarii Smreczyński, 1957; Philernus ponticus Korotyaev, 1979; Sibinia (Sibinia) femoralis Germar, 1823; S. (Sibinia) variata Gyllenhal, 1835; Tychius (Tychius) ochraceus Tournier, 1873; T. (Tychius) subsulcatus Tournier, 1874; Ptochus (Ptochus) porcellus Boheman, 1834; Omias murinus (Boheman, 1842); Otiorhynchus (Pseudocryphiphorus) zebei Stierlin, 1861; Argoptochus (Argoptochus) markovensis Angelov, 1987; Polydrusus (Conocetus) baudii (Faust, 1889); Sitona ophthalmicus Desbrochers des Loges, 1869; Chlorophanus viridis balcanicus Behne, 1989; Rhabdorrhynchus echii Brahm, 1790; Bangasternus planifrons (Brullé, 1832); Larinus (Larinomesius) atomarius Capiomont, 1874; L. (Larinomesius) canescens Gyllenhal, 1835; L. (Larinomesius) syriacus Gyllenhal, 1835; L. (Phyllonomeus) filiformis Petri, 1907; Lixus (Epimeces) scolopax Boheman, 1835.

Rhagovelia apuruaque sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), from the commune of Régina, French Guiana, is described, illustrated, and compared with species of the salina group. Brachymetra albinervus (Amyot & Serville, 1843), B. lata Shaw, 1933, Limnogonus ignotus Drake & Harris, 1934, Neogerris lubricus (White, 1879), Rheumatobates crassifemur esakii Schroeder, 1931 (Gerridae), Mesovelia mulsanti White, 1879 (Mesoveliidae), Microvelia longipes Uhler, 1894, M. mimula White, 1879, M. pulchella Westwood, 1834, R. humboldti Polhemus, 1997, and S. transversa (Hungerford, 1929) (Veliidae) are recorded for the first time from French Guiana. The presence of Tachygerris adamsoni (Drake, 1942) (Gerridae) in the country is confirmed. New records are presented for the following species previously reported from the study area: B. shawi Hungerford & Matsuda, 1957, Cylindrostethus palmaris Drake & Harris, 1934, L. hyalinus (Fabricius, 1803) (Gerridae), Husseyella turmalis (Drake & Harris, 1933), Paravelia bullialata Polhemus & Polhemus, 1984, and Stridulivelia strigosa (Hungerford, 1929) (Veliidae).

Apiomorpha Rübsaamen, 1894 was erected as a replacement name for Brachyscelis Schrader, 1863 that was preoccupied in the Coleoptera (Chrysomelidae: Brachyscelis Germar, 1834). Apiomorpha is a genus of eriococcid scale insects that induce galls on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) in Australia and New Guinea (Szent-Ivany & Womersley 1962; Gullan 1984; Gullan et al. 2005). In his original description of the genus, Schrader (1863a) included six species, of which B. citricola Schrader was subsequently recognised as a nomen nudum (Froggatt 1921). Among the other five, B. pileata Schrader was later designated as the type species of Apiomorpha by Lindinger (1937). Also amongst these five was B. ovicola Schrader, for which Schrader described and illustrated galls of males and females on twigs and leaves of Eucalyptus haemastoma (Schrader 1863a, plate II, figs a, e) in or near Sydney, New South Wales (NSW). He stated that his species names reflected the shape of the galls of adult females; hence those of B. ovicola can be interpreted as being egg-shaped and were illustrated as such by Schrader (1863a). Galls of males of B. ovicola he described and illustrated as trumpet-shaped.

Four lactating White Fulani (Zebu) cows fitted with permanent rumen cannular were fed four. diets: (A) Acha hay (Digitaria exilis Stapf, (B) 50% acha hay plus 50% brewers dried grains (BDG), (C) 75% BDG plus 25% hay and (D) 100% BDG in a 4 x 4 latin square design. Analysis of rumen total Volatile Fatty acids (VFAS), individual VFAs, ammonia-N and pH as well as some milk constituents were carried out simultaneously. Mean ruminal pH and total VFA (MM/100ml) were 7.1,6.2; 6.5, 8.0; 5.8, 14.9 and 5.8, 13.1 for A, B, C, and D respectively. The corresponding acetate to propionate (A/P) ratios were 4.97, 4.40, 3.20 and 3.40. The molar percent values of butyrate yielded by A and B were similar and less (P<0.05) than the value for C or D. Ruminal ammonia-N (mg/100ml) ranged from 5.7 for A to 6.8 for D. Total VFA, NH3-N and pH of the rumen fluid were affected by time of feeding (P<0.05). The correlations between ruminal pH and acetate (r = 0.98), pH and total VFA (r = -0.90), and acetate and propionate (r = -0.75) were significanct(P <0.05). Cows on treatment A (acha hay) yielded higher percent milk fat (P<0.05) and lower percent milk protein than those on B, C, or D. Treatment effects on milk pH and percentages of lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF) and ash were not significant. The observed depression in milk fat of cows on treatments B, C and D in comparison with cows on treatment A wasrelated to a decrease in rumen acetate and an increase in propionate. It was observed that the fermentation of BDG yielded acetate within limits required for efficient milk production.

Nas últimas duas décadas do século XIX, apontou-se frequentemente um atraso da poesia em espanhol em relação à de outros idiomas e nações, que espelharia, segundo os mesmos juízos, uma defasagem cultural mais abrangente ante os processos internacionais de modernização social e econômica. Dizia-se que a poesia espanhola estava anquilosada por uma excessiva obediência a autoridades caducas de sua própria tradição. Em 1894, o poeta espanhol Salvador Rueda publica El ritmo, um polêmico tratado poético que propõe uma revolução rítmica como remédio contra a anquilose do verso. Este artigo se dedica a apresentar e analisar as estratégias discursivas, empregadas por Rueda, para intervir nos rumos da cultura hispânica e as convergências e divergências de sua intervenção com os discursos de seu tempo, particularmente com a poética dos modernistas hispano-americanos, a quem a historiografia literária viria a atribuir pouco depois o mérito efetivo pela revigoração da poesia em espanhol na virada do século XIX para o século XX.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is a culicid mosquito associated with the transmission of pathogens causative for dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, Mayaro and other diseases. Several recent studies have proposed that demographic surveys of dengue vector pupae are more useful than traditional larval indices for estimating populations. Geometric morphometrics is a tool for describing phenotypic variation that has been validated for characterizing sexual dimorphism. We undertook to apply this method to describe sexual and morphological dimorphism in A. albopictus pupae. Two-dimensional co-ordinates were digitalized from 60 specimens in two stages using 10 landmarks in pupae and 14 in wings. Configuration matrices were aligned by generalized procrustes analysis to extract matrix configurations and centroid size (CS). A discriminant analysis (DA) was used to test group (female or male) membership significance, and non-parametric ANOVA was used for CS differences. We found significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.01) among pupal cephalothorax CS and adult wings; female pupae and adults were larger than males. The DA for cephalothorax and wing specimens showed significant differences (Hotelling P < 0.0001) between females and males. Through cross-validation, females and males were correctly classified with greater than 90% accuracy using the conformation characteristics described. Our study is the first description of phenotypic variation of pupal shape and size in A. albopictus laboratory colonies, and the results can be used as an additional tool in dengue entomological survey programs. More studies are necessary to confirm the variation between natural and laboratory populations.

Bridelia fordii, originally described from China in 1894, often treated as a synonym of B. retusa. Upon examinating the types and other related specimens, we conclude that the former is easily distinguishable from the latter and the former should be accepted as an independent species. Our previous molecular evidence also supports this conclusion. We further designate the lectotype of B. fordii in this study.

Australobius polyspinipes sp. n. (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) was recently discovered from Tianheshan Mountain, Hebei Province, China, and it is described here. Morphologically the new species is similar to A. nodulus Ma, Song &Zhu, 2008 and A. magnus (Trozina, 1894), both recorded from China. The new species can be easily distinguished from those by having 7+7–8+8 coxosternal teeth, 10–12 ocelli on each side of the cephalic plate, 5+5 spurs on the first article of the female gonopods and differences in plectrotaxy of legs. The main morphological characters and a key to the known Chinese species of genus Australobius based on adult specimens is presented.

ABSTRACTAlthough the celebrated 1875 conjecture of Sievers hypothesizing an Old Saxon Genesis source for the translation of the Old English Genesis B (or Later Genesis) was confirmed by the 1894 find of Zangemeister, the question of the native language of the translator of the Old Saxon Genesis remains. The Genesis B evidence is reconsidered here from the viewpoint of contemporary empirical data to ascertain whether the translator was bilingual or interlingual, the former putatively associated with a native (Old Englishman in this case), the second with a second language learner (of Old English). The Old English data contrasted with the character of Old Saxon and configurated with extrapolations from differing cognitive strategies argue for an Anglo-Saxon provenance of the Genesis B poet.

A new species, Barsine pseudoradians Joshi, Singh & Volynkin sp. nov. is described from North East India (Mizoram, Assam and Meghalaya) and Nepal. The new species belongs to the Barsine prominens (Moore) species-group and is compared with B. radians (Moore, 1878), B. pluma Černy, 2009, B. syntypica Swinhoe, 1906 and B. maculifasciata (Hampson, 1894). Barsine callida (Fang, 1991) is reported for the first time from India. Its comparison with the related Barsine mesortha (Hampson, 1898) is given. Two new combinations are established: Barsine callida (Fang, 1991), comb. nov. and Barsine germana (Rothschild, 1913), comb. nov. Adults, male and female genitalia of all the reviewed species are illustrated.

The Central African freshwater crab genus Erimetopus (family Potamonautidae) is revived to accommodate two species, E. brazzae (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) and E. vandenbrandeni (Balss, 1936) n. comb. The genus Erimetopus Rathbun, 1894, and the two species assigned to it here, are redescribed from type material, and lectotypes for each species are selected. Erimetopus spinosus Rathbun, 1894 is judged here to be a junior synonym of E. brazzae, and P. (E.) b. frontospinulosa is treated as a subspecies of E. brazzae. Illustrations and photographs of the type specimens of these taxa are provided, and new gonopod evidence based on E. vandenbrandeni is evaluated. The distributions of the species of Erimetopus are described and discussed, and keys to the genera of African freshwater crabs and to the species of Erimetopus are provided.

Chloritis delibrata (Benson, 1836), known from northeastern India, was believed to have three varietal forms, sometimes mentioned as subspecies: C. delibrata var. khasiensis (Nevill, 1877) and C. delibrata var. fasciata (Godwin-Austen, 1875) from the Khasi Hills, India, and C. delibrata var. procumbens (Gould, 1844) from Dawei in Myanmar. The reproductive anatomy of the latter form is known and does not match with those of any continental camaenid genera, but does with that of the newly examined Chloritis platytropis Möllendorff, 1894 from Thailand. The latter species is conchologically similar to Bouchetcamaena huberi Thach, 2018 (synonym of Helix fouresi Morlet, 1886), which is the type species of the genus Bouchetcamaena Thach, 2018. Thus, Bouchetcamaena can provisionally host the entire Chloritis delibrata -group with the exception of var. fasciata, which is transferred to Burmochloritis Godwin-Austen, 1920 due to the multiple reddish bands on its shell. The examination of shells deposited in the Natural History Museum, London revealed that seven morphologically distinguishable forms are present, which are accepted here as representing distinct species. Four new species are described from India: Bouchetcamaena foveata Páll-Gergely sp. nov., B. fusca Páll-Gergely sp. nov., B. raripila Páll-Gergely sp. nov., and B. subdelibrata Páll-Gergely sp. nov.

Bacotoma Moore, 1885 is reviewed including the description of a new species from Hainan Island, B. hainanensis sp. nov., based on an analysis that combined morphology and mitochondrial DNA. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Platamonina Shaffer & Munroe, 2007, syn. nov. is synonymized with Bacotoma and ten species are included: B. ampliatalis (Lederer, 1863) comb. nov., B. binotalis (Warren, 1896) comb. nov., B. camillusalis (Walker, 1859), B. cuprealis (Moore, 1877) comb. nov., B. hainanensis sp. nov., B. illatalis (Walker, 1866), B. oggalis (Swinhoe, 1906) comb. nov., B. poecilura (Hering, 1903) comb. nov., B. ptochura (Meyrick, 1894) comb. nov., and B. violata (Fabricius, 1787). Syngamia albiceps Hampson, 1912 syn. nov. is confirmed to be a synonym of Bacotoma binotalis, and Platamonia medinalis Snellen, 1900 syn. nov. is synonymized with Bacotoma illatalis. A key to species examined is also provided based on external morphology and male genitalia.

The genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802, from the New World, is revised based on external morphology and male genitalia. New synonymy is proposed as follows: E. aureus Isely, 1917 = E. americanus de Saussure, 1852; E. bollii oregonensis Bequaert, 1838, and E. b. ehrenbergi Zavattari, 1912 = E. bollii Cresson, 1872; E. consobrinus pedalis Fox, 1894 = E. consobrinus de Saussure, 1855; E. crucifera bolliformis Viereck, 1908, E. c. nearcticus de Saussure, 1855 and E. c. stricklandi Bequaert, 1944 = E. crucifera Provancher, 1888; E. smithii belfragei Cresson, 1872 = E. smithii de Saussure, 1852; E. verticalis coloradensis Cresson, 1875, E. v. neoboreus Bequaert, 1944, E. v. tricinctus Isely, 1917 = E. verticalis Say, 1824. Eumenes flavitinctus Bohart, 1950, revised status, is no longer a subspecies of E. crucifera but elevated to specific level. Eumenes brunneus is elevated to the specific level and a new name is proposed because of homonymy, E. bequaerti Grandinete & Carpenter nom. nov. An identification key for all the species of the genus from the New World is provided and the geographical distributions are updated.

The results of an extensive examination of northeast Pacific muricid gastropods ranging from Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to mid-Baja California, is presented. Two new genera and 26 new species are described: In Pagodulinae: Abyssotrophon fusiformis n. sp., A. newmani n. sp., Boreotrophon cascadiensis n. sp., B. cordellensis n. sp., B. cortesianus n. sp., B. obesus n. sp., B. subapolyonis n. sp., B. vancouverensis n. sp., B. aleuticus n. sp., B. pseudotripherus n. sp., B. santarosensis n. sp., B. tannerensis n. sp. In Trophoninae: Warenia, n. gen., Scabrotrophon buldirensis n. sp, S. kantori n. sp., S. lima n. sp., S. macleani n. sp., S. moresbyensis n. sp., S. norafosterae n. sp., S. trifidus n. sp., Nipponotrophon exquisitus n. sp. In Ocenebrinae: Paciocinebrina n. gen., Nucella angustior n. sp., Paciocinebrina benitoensis n. sp., P. macleani n. sp., P. neobarbarensis n. sp., P. pseudomunda n. sp., P. thelmacrowae n. sp. New synonymy: Boreotrophon kamchatkanus Dall, 1902 (+ Trophonopsis nanus Ergorov, 1994); Paciocinebrina atropurpurea (Carpenter, 1865) (+ Tritonalia interfossa var. clathrata Dall, 1919, Ocinebra rubra Baker, 1891, Tritonalia tracheia Dall, 1919); P. barbarensis (Gabb, 1865) (+ Tritonalia interfossa var. beta Dall, 1919, Ocenebra keenae Bormann, 1946); P. circumtexta (Stearns, 1871) (+ Ocinebra circumtexta var. aurantia Stearns, 1895, Tritonalia circumtexta var. citrica Dall, 1919, Tritonalia lurida var. rotunda Dall, 1919); P. foveolata (Hinds, 1844) (+Tritonalia epiphanea Dall, 1919, Tritonalia fusconotata Dall, 1919); P. gracillima (Stearns, 1871) (+ Tritonalia gracillima var. obesa Dall, 1919, Ocinebra stearnsi Hemphill, 1911); P. interfossa (Carpenter, 1864) (+ Tritonalia interfossa alpha Dall, 1921); P. lurida (Middendorff, 1848) (+ Vitularia aspera Baird, 1863), P. sclera (Dall, 1919) (+ Coralliophila (Pseudomurex) kincaidi Dall, 1919). Generic assignments are changed for the following taxa: Boreotrophon kamchatkanus Dall, 1902; Warenia elegantula (Dall, 1907); Scabrotrophon stuarti (E.A. Smith, 1880); Paciocinebrina atropurpurea (Carpenter, 1865), P. barbarensis (Gabb, 1865), P. circumtexta (Stearns, 1871), P. crispatissima (Berry, 1953), P. foveolata (Hinds, 1844), P. fraseri (Oldroyd, 1920), P. gracillima (Stearns, 1871), P. grippi (Dall, 1911), P. interfossa (Carpenter, 1864), P. lurida (Middendorff, 1848), P. minor (Dall, 1919), P. munda (Carpenter, 1864), P. seftoni (Chace, 1958), P. sclera (Dall, 1919). Boreotrophon alborostratus Taki, 1938, is reinstated. Abyssotrophon Egorov, 1993 and Nodulotrophon Habe & Ito, 1965 are here assigned to Pagodulinae Barco et al., 2012, based on radula morphology.

The Gidran is a native Hungarian horse breed that has approached extinction several times. Phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial markers (D-loop and cytochrome-b) was performed to determine the genetic characterization of the Gidran for the first time as well as to detect errors in the management of the Gidran stud book. Sequencing of 686 bp ofCYTBand 202 bp of the D-loop in 260 mares revealed 24 and 32 haplotypes, respectively, among 31 mare families. BLAST analysis revealed six novelCYTBand four D-loop haplotypes that have not been previously reported. The Gidran mares showed high haplotype (CYTB: 0.8735 ± 0.011; D-loop: 0.9136 ± 0.008) and moderate nucleotide (CYTB: 0.00472 ± 0.00017; D-loop: 0.02091 ± 0.00068) diversity. Of the 31 Gidran mare families, only 15CYTB(48.4%) and 17 D-loop (54.8%) distinct haplotypes were formed using the two markers separately. Merged markers created 24 (77.4%) mare families, which were in agreement with the mare families in the stud book. Our key finding was that the Gidran breed still possesses high genetic diversity despite its history. The obtained haplotypes are mostly consistent with known mare families, particularly when the two mtDNA markers were merged. Our results could facilitate conservation efforts for preserving the genetic diversity of the Gidran.

The genus Brachysomus Schoenherr, 1823 is reviewed. A comparative morphological study of adults from 56 Brachysomus species is provided. Redescriptions, diagnoses and identification keys are given. Descriptions of two new species are provided: B. (s. str.) podlussanyi sp. n. from Greece and B. (s. str.) pseudosetiger sp. n. from Bulgaria, which appear to be closely related to B. (s. str.) mihoki Penecke, 1914. Females of B. (s. str.) longipterus Białooki, 2007 are described. The poorly known B. (Hippomias) moczarskii Penecke, 1924 is restored from synonymy with B. (H.) oertzeni Faust, 1889. New synonyms: B. (s. str.) echinatus (Bonsdorff, 1785) = B. (s. str.) hirsutus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1958 syn. n. New combinations: Brachysomus (s. str.) lituratus (Reitter, 1884) comb. n. from Foucartia Jacquelin du Val, 1854; Eurosphalmus tenuicollis (Yunakov, 2006) comb. n. from Brachysomus, Eurosphalmus cribrarius (Białooki, 2007) comb. n. from Brachysomus, Nanomias skodai (Białooki, 2007) comb. n. from Brachysomus, and Chiloneus bonnairei (Hoffmann, 1942) comb. n. from Brachysomus. Lectotypes are designated for: Strophosomus hirtus Boheman, 1845; Brachysomus ornatus Stierlin, 1892; B. bensae Stierlin, 1893; Platytarsus fasciatus Stierlin, 1899; and P. setiger Gyllenhal, 1840. For each species, all known localities are presented on a distribution map. Ecological preferences of Brachysomus species are specified. First records of Brachysomus (s. str.) fremuthi Košťál, 1991 from Romania, B. (Hippomias) carpathicus Košťál, 1992 from Serbia, and B. (H.) ponticus Apfelbeck, 1898 from Greece are given.

El 10 de marzo de 1939, se estrena en Buenos Aires Un hombre y su vida, de Salvadora Medina Onrubia (1894-1972), periodista y escritora argentina, militante anarquista y feminista. Tal como ella lo indica tras el título, la obra, escrita en 1936, nace “[b]ajo la advocación del momento encendido de España”, la Guerra Civil, pero, significativamente, se lleva a escena cuando el desenlace era inminente. En este trabajo, haremos un acercamiento a la recepción del estreno en la prensa argentina a través de las reseñas incluidas en periódicos de distintas ideologías.

El ensayo explora las nociones de “coloración” (o “resplandor”, “luz” o “brillo”) afectiva o emocional, así como la noción de Stimmung (temple anímico o estado de ánimo), tal como son expuestas en los manuscritos que integran el proyecto que Husserl denominó Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins, con una mención previa de otros dos textos que preceden a los Studien: las “Notas sobre la doctrina de la atención y el interés” de 1893 o 1894 (en Husserliana XXXVIII) y un pasaje del § 15 b) de la Quinta de las Investigaciones lógicas. La revisión de los Studien destaca una primera noción de coloración como “sensación emocional” (Gefühlsempfindung), luego una segunda noción como una coloración afectiva transeúnte (o trascendente). Después de exponer las “expansiones” o “transferencias” emotivas, la revisión alcanza la noción de temple (Stimmung), la sitúa dentro del esquema de las vivencias afectivas y describe su carácter unitario, su motivación y su peculiar intencionalidad, señalando su relación con la conciencia de fondo y con las llamadas (por Husserl) “corrientes de sentimiento”. Con ello, se ponen las bases para una revisión de la noción de temple o estado de ánimo, revisión que queda pendiente.

Bardaxima Walker, 1858 includes 12 species, eight of them occurring in Brazil. The Brazilian species are treated here, including diagnoses and illustrations of both adults and genitalia to allow their identification: B. donatian (Schaus), B. fulgurifera (Walker, 1869), stat. rev. (= demea (Druce, 1895)); B. ionia (Druce, 1900) (= albolimbata (Dognin, 1909), syn. nov., B. ambigua (Dyar, 1908), syn. nov., B. metcalfi (Schaus, 1928), syn. nov.); B. lucilinea Walker, 1858; B. marcida (C. Felder, 1874); B. procne (Schaus, 1892) (= meyeri (Schaus, 1928), syn. nov.); B. sambana (Druce, 1895), stat. rev. (= belizensis Thiaucourt, 2010, syn. nov., bolivari Thiaucourt, 2010, syn. nov., coloradorum Thiaucourt, 2010, syn. nov., panamensis (Draudt, 1932), syn. nov.); B. subrutila (Dognin, 1908); and B. terminalba Jones, 1908 (= oakley (Schaus, 1939)). Bardaxima perses Druce, 1900 is transferred to Elasmia Möschler, 1883 as a new combination, Elasmia perses (Druce, 1900). Stragulodonta gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Heterocampa stragula Möschler, 1883, comb. nov. (= belua (Draudt, 1932), syn. nov.).

Colour polymorphism has been previously reported in several colubrid snakes including Boiga spp. In this paper, we report colour variations within the poorly known southern Indian Boiga dightoni, provide the first molecular data for this species, from two localities (including the type locality) and compare them with data from other congeners. Additionally, we provide detailed dentition and hemipenis descriptions for B. dightoni. Molecular data for B. dightoni show very little difference (0.2–0.4% 16S; 0.9–1.2% cyt b) to the recently described Boiga whitakeri, also from southern India. We have re-examined and present new information on the pholidosis of the type specimens of B. whitakeri and reconsider its taxonomic status. On the basis of molecular data and overlapping morphological characteristics, we argue that Boiga whitakeri and Boiga dightoni are conspecific, and place B. whitakeri under the subjective synonymy of the latter. Furthermore, we show that colour polymorphism in B. dightoni is a gender-independent character and that both colour morphs are found in high as well as low elevations and partly in sympatry. A revised key to the Boiga ceylonensis complex is provided.

A fully annotated catalog of genus- and species-group names of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) is presented, providing details of references to these names in literature, and providing additional details such as distributions, generic combinations, synonymies, misspellings and emendations, information on types, notes on unusual situations, etc. As this catalog is meant to supplement the older Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico, to complete the cataloging of the New World Lauxaniidae, “Neotropical” is herein inclusive of everything south of the United States, and the Nearctic parts of Mexico are not separately distinguished. The catalog is organized alphabetically within each of the three lauxaniid subfamilies, Eurychoromyiinae, Homoneurinae and Lauxaniinae, treating 91 available genus-group names, of which 77 represent valid genera. In the species-group, the catalog treats 441 available species-group names, of which 391 represent valid Neotropical lauxaniid species, 39 are invalid, three are valid but extralimital lauxaniids, five are valid but removed from Lauxaniidae, and two are new replacement names for two homonyms outside Lauxaniidae. The following nine new genera are described, based on previously described species: Elipolambda Gaimari & Silva (type species, Sapromyza lopesi Shewell, 1989), Griphoneuromima Silva & Gaimari (type species, Sapromyza frontalis Macquart, 1844b), Meraina Silva & Gaimari (type species, Lauxania ferdinandi Frey, 1919), Myzaprosa Gaimari & Silva (type species, Myzaprosa mallochi Gaimari & Silva), Paradeceia Silva & Gaimari (type species, Sapromyza sororia Williston, 1896b), Pseudodeceia Silva & Gaimari (type species, Lauxania leptoptera Frey, 1919), Sericominettia Gaimari & Silva (type species, Minettia argentiventris Malloch, 1928), Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva (type species, Sapromyza semiatra Malloch, 1933), and Zargopsinettia Gaimari & Silva (type species, Minettia verticalis Malloch, 1928). The following four new replacement names in the species-group replace junior homonyms: Myzaprosa mallochi Gaimari & Silva (for Sapromyza spinigera Malloch, 1933, nec Malloch, 1925), Pseudogriphoneura mallochi Silva & Gaimari (for Minettia infuscata Malloch, 1928, nec Sciomyza infuscata Wulp, 1897), Xenochaetina hendeli Silva & Gaimari (for Allogriphoneura robusta Hendel, 1936, nec Helomyza robusta Walker, 1858), Zamyprosa macquarti Gaimari & Silva (for Sciomyza nigripes Blanchard, 1854, nec Sapromyza nigripes Macquart, 1844). The following six genus-group names are new synonyms: Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925 (= Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923), Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995 (= Stenolauxania Malloch, 1926), Haakonia Curran, 1942 (= Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923), Homoeominettia Broadhead, 1989 (= Allominettia Hendel, 1925), Paraphysoclypeus Papp & Silva, 1995 (= Physoclypeus Hendel, 1907), Tibiominettia Hendel, 1936 (= Allominettia Hendel, 1925). The following 12 species-group names are new synonyms: Chaetocoelia banksi Curran, 1942 (= Chaetocoelia excepta (Walker, 1853)), Chaetocoelia tripunctata Malloch, 1926 (= Chaetocoelia excepta (Walker, 1853)), Minettia semifulva Malloch, 1933 (= Zamyprosa nigriventris (Blanchard, 1854)), Pseudogriphoneura scutellata Curran, 1934a (= Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza apta Walker, 1861 (= Chaetominettia mactans (Fabricius, 1787)), Sapromyza brasiliensis Walker, 1853 (= Chaetominettia corollae (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza semiatra subsp. remissa Malloch, 1933 (= Zamyprosa semiatra (Malloch, 1933)), Sapromyza sordida Williston, 1896b (= Neogriphoneura sordida (Wiedemann, 1830)), Setulina geminata subsp. quadripunctata Malloch, 1941, subsp. tripunctata Malloch, 1941 & subsp. verticalis Malloch, 1941 (= Setulina geminata (Fabricius, 1805)), Tibiominettia setitibia Hendel, 1932 (= Allominettia assimilis (Malloch, 1926)). The following 96 lauxaniid species-group names are in new combinations: Allominettia approximata (Malloch, 1928; Deutominettia Hendel, 1925), Allominettia assimilis (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Allominettia rubescens (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Allominettia woldae (Broadhead, 1989; Homoeominettia Broadhead, 1989), Camptoprosopella sigma (Hendel, 1910; Procrita Hendel, 1908), Camptoprosopella verena (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Dryosapromyza pirioni (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Elipolambda duodecimvittata (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Elipolambda lopesi (Shewell, 1989; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Elipolambda picrula (Williston, 1897; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Griphoneuromima frontalis (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Homoneura maculipennis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Lauxanostegana albispina (Albuquerque, 1959; Steganopsis Meijere 1910), Marmarodeceia claripennis (Curran, 1934a; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Melanomyza nigerrima (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Meraina ferdinandi (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Minettia altera (Curran, 1942; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Minettia duplicata (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia lateritia (Rondani, 1863; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia lupulinoides (Williston, 1897; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia pallens (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia remota (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia setosa (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa chiloensis (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa emmesa (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa triloba (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neodecia albovittata (Loew, 1862; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Neodecia bivittata (Curran, 1928b; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neodecia flavipennis (Curran, 1928b; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neodecia vittifacies (Curran, 1931; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neominettia eronis (Curran, 1934a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neominettia lebasii (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neominettia melanaspis (Wiedemann, 1830; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Neoxangelina congruens (Hendel, 1910; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Neoxangelina facialis (Wiedemann, 1830; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Neoxangelina flavipes (Hendel, 1926; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Paracestrotus albipes (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Paradeceia incidens (Curran, 1934a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Paradeceia shannoni (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Paradeceia sororia (Williston, 1896b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Physegenua annulata (Macquart, 1844b; Ephydra Fallén, 1810), Physoclypeus nigropleura (Papp & Silva, 1995; Paraphysoclypeus Papp & Silva, 1995), Poecilohetaerus suavis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilolycia blanchardi (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilolycia lineatocollis (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia aibonito (Curran, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia bipunctata (Say, 1829; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia evittata (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia mona (Curran, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia nigropunctata (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia plantaris (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia quichuana (Brèthes, 1922; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia schwarzi (Malloch, 1928; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia sonax (Giglio-Tos, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia thomsonii (Lynch-Arribálzaga, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia triseriata (Coquillett, 1904a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Pseudocalliope albomarginata (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Pseudodeceia leptoptera (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Pseudogriphoneura albipes (Wiedemann, 1830; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Pseudominettia argyrostoma (Wiedemann, 1830; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Ritaemyia unifasciata (Macquart, 1835; Tephritis Latreille, 1804), Sciosapromyza fuscinervis (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sciosapromyza limbinerva (Rondani, 1848; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Sciosapromyza scropharia (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Scutominettia guyanensis (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Sericominettia argentiventris (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sericominettia aries (Curran, 1942; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Sericominettia holosericea (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Sericominettia nigra (Curran, 1934a; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Sericominettia velutina (Walker, 1853; Helomyza Fallén, 1820a), Stenolauxania flava (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania fusca (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania longicornus (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania nigrifemuris (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania pectinicornis (Papp & Silva, 1995; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Trivialia nigrifrontata (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Trivialia scutellaris (Williston, 1896b; Phortica Schiner, 1862), Trivialia venusta (Williston, 1896b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Xenochaetina annuliventris (Hendel, 1926; Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925), Xenochaetina glabella (Becker, 1895; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Xenochaetina nigra (Williston, 1896b; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Xenochaetina phacosoma (Hendel, 1926; Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925), Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Xenochaetina robusta (Walker, 1858; Helomyza Fallén, 1820a), Zamyprosa dichroa (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Zamyprosa edwardsi (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa ferruginea (Macquart, 1844b; Opomyza Fallén, 1820b), Zamyprosa fulvescens (Blanchard, 1854; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Zamyprosa fulvicornis (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa micropyga (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa nigripes (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa nigriventris (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa parvula (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa semiatra (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa seminigra (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Zargopsinettia verticalis (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830). The following 42 species have lectotype designations herein: Allogriphoneura nigromaculata Hendel, 1925 (synonym of Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805)), Allogriphoneura robusta Hendel, 1936 (= Xenochaetina hendeli Silva & Gaimari), Allominettia maculifrons Hendel, 1925 (synonym of Allominettia xanthiceps (Williston, 1897)), Blepharolauxania trichocera Hendel, 1925, Chaetocoelia palans Giglio-Tos, 1893, Euminettia zuercheri Hendel, 1933b (Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Griphoneura triangulata Hendel, 1926, Lauxania albovittata Loew, 1862 (Neodecia Malloch, in Malloch & McAtee, 1924), Lauxania imbuta Wiedemann, 1830 (Griphoneura Schiner, 1868), Lauxania lutea Wiedemann, 1830 (Neominettia Hendel, 1925), Lauxania ruficornis Macquart, 1851a (synonym of Xenochaetina flavipennis (Fabricius, 1805)), Neominettia fumosa Hendel, 1926 (synonym of Neominettia costalis (Fabricius, 1805)), Physegenua ferruginea Schiner, 1868, Physegenua vittata Macquart, 1848a/b, Pseudogriphoneura cormoptera Hendel, 1907, Sapromyza angustipennis Williston, 1896b (Chaetocoelia Giglio-Tos, 1893), Sapromyza distinctissima Schiner, 1868 (Chaetocoelia Giglio-Tos, 1893), Sapromyza exul Williston, 1896b (Neodecia Malloch, in Malloch & McAtee, 1924), Sapromyza gigas Schiner, 1868 (Dryosapromyza Hendel, 1933a), Sapromyza ingrata Williston, 1896b (Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932), Sapromyza latelimbata Macquart, 1855a (synonym of Chaetominettia corollae (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza lineatocollis Blanchard, 1854 (Poecilolycia Shewell, 1986), Sapromyza longipennis Blanchard, 1854 (= Minettia duplicata (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1893)), Sapromyza nigerrima Becker, 1919 (Melanomyza Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza nigriventris Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sapromyza octovittata Williston, 1896b (Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932), Sapromyza ornata Schiner, 1868 (Neoxangelina Hendel, 1933a), Sapromyza pallens Blanchard, 1854 (Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sapromyza parvula Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sapromyza picrula Williston, 1897 (Elipolambda), Sapromyza puella Williston, 1896b (Trivialia Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza sororia Williston, 1896b (Paradeceia Silva & Gaimari), Sapromyza venusta Williston, 1896b (Trivialia Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza xanthiceps Williston, 1897 (Allominettia Hendel, 1925), Scatophaga scropharia Fabricius, 1805 (Sciosapromyza Hendel, 1933a), Sciomyza fulvescens Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sciomyza melanaspis Wiedemann, 1830 (Neominettia Hendel, 1925), Sciomyza nigripes Blanchard, 1854 (= Zamyprosa macquarti Gaimari & Silva), Sciomyza obscuripennis Bigot, 1857 (Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Scutolauxania piloscutellaris Hendel, 1925, Trigonometopus albifrons Knab, 1914, Trigonometopus rotundicornis Williston, 1896b. The following three species are removed from being recognized as part of the Neotropical fauna: Homoneura americana (Wiedemann, 1830; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Homoneura maculipennis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilohetaerus suavis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810). The following four species are removed from the family, three of which are put into the following new combinations: Senopterina cyanea (Fabricius, 1805; Lauxania Latreille, 1804) (Platystomatidae), Dihoplopyga delicatula (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Heleomyzidae), Pherbellia geniculata (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Sciomyzidae). The remaining species, Sapromyza fuscipes Macquart, 1844b, is of uncertain family placement within the Muscoidea. The following new replacement names for species of Platystomatidae were necessary due to homonymy: Senopterina gigliotosi Gaimari & Silva (for Bricinniella cyanea Giglio-Tos, 1893, nec Lauxania cyanea Fabricius, 1805), and Rivellia macquarti Gaimari & Silva (for Tephritis unifasciata Macquart, 1843: 381, nec Macquart, 1835: 465).

The enigmatic toad Bufo diptychus was described by Cope (1862) based on a single individual (USNM 5841, now lost) of about 25 mm of SVL, collected during the expedition to La Plata River and tributaries, conducted by Captain Page between 1853 and 1856. As no dwarf species of toad was ever recorded in the surveyed area, and based on some tips that arise from Page’s narrative, we postulate that the description was based on a toadlet. With this hypothesis in mind, we compared Cope’s characterization of B. diptychus with juveniles of all species of Rhinella present in the region, finding an exact match in almost all characters shown by the juveniles of the common “cururú” or “rococo” toad, Rhinella schneideri (Werner 1894). Henceforth, we postulate that R. schneideri is a junior synonym of B. diptychus, under the combination Rhinella diptycha (Cope 1862).

Winifred Lamb was one of the founding members of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, and a pioneering excavator in Anatolia (Caton-Thompson 1964: 51). Lamb had acquired her excavating skills as a member of the British School at Athens, where she was admitted in 1920 after reading Classics at Newnham College, Cambridge and subsequent war service in Room 40 of the Admiralty (The Times [London] 18 September 1963; Woodward 1963; Barnett 1962–3; Annual Report of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara 15 [1963] 2–3; Caton-Thompson 1964; Hood 1998: 70–5; Gill in preparation a, c; see also Ridgway 1996). During the early 1920s she excavated with members of the British School at Mycenae (Lamb 1919–21; Lamb, Wace 1921–3a-e), Sparta (Lamb 1926–7a-b; see also Hood 1998: 59–131) and in Macedonia (Heurtley 1939; Lamb 1940; see also Hood 1998: 144–49). Her interest in prehistory was also reflected in her creation of a prehistoric gallery at the Fitzwilliam Museum in the University of Cambridge, where she had been appointed Honorary Keeper of Greek and Roman antiquities in 1920 (Gill 1999a).

M.m. G.G.! Taz, which I have the opportunity to show you and which is one of the precious copies of the collection of pathological pelvises of the obstetric clinic of St. Vladimira, belongs to the patient K b, who came to the clinic for eversion of the urinary bladder (ectopia vesicae). This patient had already been demonstrated in our Society by Dr. V.N. Gogotsky in the spring semester of 1894. I intend to demonstrate to you only the pelvis of this patient, which is of significant scientific interest, as well as casuistic, as extremely rare encounter. The question of the treatment adopted in this case will be sorted out in another place).