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Journal articles on the topic 'Azides; Complex ions'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Abu-Youssef, Morsy A. M., Vratislav Langer, Assem Barakat, Matti Haukka, and Saied M. Soliman. "Molecular, Supramolecular Structures Combined with Hirshfeld and DFT Studies of Centrosymmetric M(II)-azido {M=Ni(II), Fe(II) or Zn(II)} Complexes of 4-Benzoylpyridine." Symmetry 13, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112026.

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The supramolecular structures of the three metal (II) azido complexes [Fe(4bzpy)4(N3)2]; 1, [Ni(4bzpy)4(N3)2]; 2 and [Zn(4bzpy)2(N3)2]n; 3 with 4-benzoylpyridine (4bzpy) were presented. All complexes contain hexa-coordinated divalent metal ions with a slightly distorted octahedral MN6 coordination sphere. Complexes 1 and 2 are monomeric with terminal azido groups while 3 is one-dimensional coordination polymer containing azido groups with μ(1,1) and μ(1,3) bridging modes of bonding. Hirshfeld analysis was used to quantitatively determine the different contacts affecting the molecular packing in the studied complexes. The most common interactions are the polar O…H and N…H interactions and the hydrophobic C…H contacts. The charges at the M(II) sites are calculated to be 1.004, 0.847, and 1.147 e for complexes 1–3, respectively. The degree of asymmetry is the highest in the case of the terminal azide in complexes 1 and 2 while was found the lowest in the μ(1,1) and μ(1,3) azide bonding modes in the Zn(II) complex 3. These facts were further explained in terms of atoms in molecules (AIM) topological parameters.
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2

Qian, Kun, Yiyong Xu, Zengtao Wang, and Jie Yang. "Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of an azido-bridged Mn(II) complex [C3H5NH3][Mn(N3)3]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 72, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2016-0267.

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AbstractA new compound [C3H5NH3][Mn(N3)3] has been synthesized, in which the Mn2+ ions are connected by the end-to-end azide anions to form the 3D architecture, while the C3H5NH3+ cations reside in the cavities of the Mn2+–N3− network, forming rich N−H···N hydrogen bonds with the terminal N atoms of the azide anions. The complex has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and magnetic measurements. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate antiferromagnetic interaction among the MnII ions.
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3

Zhao, Qi-Hua, Ai-Ling Fan, Li-Nan Li, and Ming-Jing Xie. "Diazidobis[2,4-diamino-6-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine-κ2N1,N6]zinc(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 6 (May 7, 2009): m622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809016055.

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In the title mononuclear complex, [Zn(N3)2(C8H8N6)2], the ZnIIatom, lying on a twofold rotation axis, is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by four N atoms from two 2,4-diamino-6-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine ligands and two N atoms from two end-on-coordinated azide ions. N—H...N hydrogen bonds between the ligand and azide ion link the complex molecules into a three-dimensional network.
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4

Xie, Long-Yan, Yu Zhang, Hao Xu, Chang-Da Gong, Xiu-Li Du, Yang Li, Meng Wang, and Jie Qin. "Synthesis, structure and bioactivity of Ni2+ and Cu2+ acylhydrazone complexes." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 7 (June 14, 2019): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229619008040.

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Two acylhydrazone complexes, bis{6-methyl-N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl-κN 1)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazidato-κ2 N′,O}nickel(II), [Ni(C13H12N5O)2], (I), and di-μ-azido-κ4 N 1:N 1-bis({6-methyl-N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl-κN 1)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazidato-κ2 N′,O}nickel(II)), [Cu2(C13H12N5O)2(N3)2], (II), derived from 6-methyl-N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]nicotinohydrazide (HL) and azide salts, have been synthesized. HL acts as an N,N′,O-tridentate ligand in both complexes. Complex (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn and has a mononuclear structure, the azide co-ligand is not involved in crystallization and the Ni2+ centre lies in a distorted {N4O2} octahedral coordination environment. Complex (II) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} and is a centrosymmetric binuclear complex with a crystallographically independent Cu2+ centre coordinating to three donor atoms from the deprotonated L − ligand and to two N atoms belonging to two bridging azide anions. The two- and one-dimensional supramolecular structures are constructed by hydrogen-bonding interactions in (I) and (II), respectively. The in vitro urease inhibitory evaluation revealed that complex (II) showed a better inhibitory activity, with the IC50 value being 1.32±0.4 µM. Both complexes can effectively bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by 1:1 binding, which was assessed via tryptophan emission–quenching measurements. The bioactivities of the two complexes towards jack bean urease were also studied by molecular docking. The effects of the metal ions and the coordination environments in the two complexes on in vitro urease inhibitory activity are preliminarily discussed.
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5

Qian, Kun, Yan-hong Yu, Yao-Hui Ye, and Hao Fan. "Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the complex [C(NH2)3]2[Mn(N3)4] with a polynuclear azido-bridged chain anion." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 72, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2016-0221.

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Abstract A new complex [C(NH2)3]2[Mn(N3)4], in which MnII cations are alternatively bridged by double EE azide-bridges and the [Mn(N3)4]n2− chains are separated by guanidinium cation bilayers, has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and magnetic measurements. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate antiferromagnetic interaction among the MnII ions.
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6

Laachir, Abdelhakim, Fouad Bentiss, Salaheddine Guesmi, Mohamed Saadi, and Lahcen El Ammari. "Crystal structure of bis(azido-κN)bis[2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-κ2N2,N3]nickel(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 2 (January 14, 2015): m24—m25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015000201.

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Reaction of 2,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and sodium azide with nickel(II) triflate yielded the mononuclear title complex, [Ni(N3)2(C12H8N4S)2]. The NiIIion is located on a centre of symmetry and is octahedrally coordinated by four N atoms of the two bidentate heterocyclic ligands in the equatorial plane. The axial positions are occupied by the N atoms of two almost linear azide ions [N—N—N = 178.8 (2)°]. The thiadiazole and pyridine rings of the heterocyclic ligand are almost coplanar, with a maximum deviation from the mean plane of 0.0802 (9) Å. The cohesion of the crystal structure is ensured by π–π interactions between parallel pyridine rings of neighbouring molecules [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.6413 (14) Å], leading to a layered arrangement of the molecules parallel to (001).
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7

Dahlous, Kholood A., Saied M. Soliman, Ayman El-Faham, and Raghdaa A. Massoud. "Synthesis, Molecular and Supramolecular Structures of Symmetric Dinuclear Cd(II) Azido Complex with bis-Pyrazolyl s-Triazine Pincer Ligand." Symmetry 14, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112409.

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A new dinuclear Cd(II)-azido complex of 2,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine (PMT) pincer ligand is synthesized. Its single crystal X-ray structure reveals the dinuclear [Cd(PMT)(Cl)(N3)]2 formula. The triclinic crystal parameters are a = 9.323(4) Å, b = 10.936(5) Å, c = 11.312(6) Å, α = 112.637(10)°, β = 104.547(11)° and γ = 105.133(10)° while V = 944.1(8) Å3. Due to symmetry considerations, the asymmetric unit comprises a half [Cd(PMT)(Cl)(N3)]2 formula. The Cd(II) is hexa-coordinated with one tridentate PMT ligand in a pincer fashion mode in addition to one terminal chloride and two azide ions bridging the two Cd(II) centers in double μ(1,1) bridging mode. Unusually, the Cd-N(s-triazine) bond is not the shortest among the Cd-N interactions with the PMT pincer ligand. The supramolecular structure of the dinuclear [Cd(PMT)(Cl)(N3)]2 formula is controlled by a significant amount of Cl…H (16.4%), N…H (25.3%), H…C (9.8%) and H…H (37.2%) interactions based on Hirshfeld surface analysis. Careful inspection of the shape index map reveals the presence of some weak π-π stacking interactions between the s-triazine and pyrazolyl moieties. The percentage of C…C contacts is 1.9% where the C2…C8 (3.462 Å) is the shortest while the centroid–centroid distance is 3.686 Å. Natural charge analysis describes the charge transferences from the ligand groups to the Cd(II), while and atoms in molecules (AIM) give an indication on the properties of the Cd-N and Cd-Cl bonds.
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8

Keskic, Tanja, Dusanka Radanovic, Andrej Pevec, Iztok Turel, Maja Gruden, Katarina Andjelkovic, Dragana Mitic, Matija Zlatar, and Bozidar Cobeljic. "Synthesis, X-ray structure and DFT calculation of magnetic properties of binuclear Ni(II) complex with tridentate hydrazone-based ligand." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 10 (2020): 1279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200625038k.

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Abstract: Binuclear double end-on azido bridged Ni(II) complex (1) with composition [Ni2L2(?-1,1-N3)2(N3)2]?6H2O, (L = (E)-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxo-2-(2- -(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)ethan-1-amin) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Ni(II) ions are hexacoordinated with the tridentate heteroaromatic hydrazone-based ligand and three azido ligands (one terminal and two are end-on bridges). DFT calculations revealed that coupling between two Ni(II) centers is ferromagnetic in agreement with binuclear Ni(II) complexes with similar structures.
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9

Liu, Bao Lin, Yan Xia Wang, and Ruo Jie Tao. "Two New Copper (II) Complexes with the Same NNO Donor Schiff Base Ligand: A Monomer and a Dimer." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2012-0302.

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Two new copper(II) complexes, [(CuL)2(μ1,1-N3)2]・2H2O (1) and [Cu(HL)(2,2ʹ-bipy)- (CH3COO)]・ClO4・H2O (2), have been synthesized using the tridentate NNO Schiffbase ligand 2- [(2-aminoethylimino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol (HL). They have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The copper environment is distorted square pyramidal in complex 1: two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from the ligands and two nitrogen atoms from two azido ligands build the coordination polyhedron around the copper atom. The Cu-Nazide-Cu angle in complex 1 is 85.6°. This is unusually small in comparison with the same angle in other end-on doubly azido-bridged dimers. Complex 2 is mononuclear with the Cu atom having a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Magnetic measurements of 1 have been performed in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K. The experimental data indicate an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between copper(II) ions bridged by the azido ligand. The best-fit parameters for complex 1 are g = 2.18 and J = −1.31 cm−1.
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10

Pastor Ramírez, Cándida, Sylvain Bernès, Samuel Hernández Anzaldo, and Yasmi Reyes Ortega. "Structure and NMR properties of the dinuclear complex di-μ-azido-κ4 N 1:N 1-bis[(azido-κN)(pyridine-2-carboxamide-κ2 N 1,O)zinc(II)]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989020016680.

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The new diamagnetic complex, [Zn2(N3)4(C6H6N2O)2] or [Zn2(pca)2(μ1,1-N3)2(N3)2] was synthesized using pyridine-2-carboxamide (pca) and azido ligands, and characterized using various techniques: IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solution. The molecule is placed on an inversion centre in space group P\overline{1}. The pca ligand chelates the metal centre via the pyridine N atom and the carbonyl O atom. One azido ligand bridges the two symmetry-related Zn2+ cations in the end-on coordination mode, while the other independent azido anion occupies the fifth coordination site, as a terminal ligand. The resulting five-coordinate Zn centres have a coordination geometry intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. The behaviour of the title complex in DMSO solution suggests that it is a suitable NMR probe for similar or isostructural complexes including other transition-metal ions. The diamagnetic nature of the complex is reflected in similar 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts for the free ligand pca as for the Zn complex.
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11

Pastor Ramírez, Cándida, Sylvain Bernès, Samuel Hernández Anzaldo, and Yasmi Reyes Ortega. "Structure and NMR properties of the dinuclear complex di-μ-azido-κ4 N 1:N 1-bis[(azido-κN)(pyridine-2-carboxamide-κ2 N 1,O)zinc(II)]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989020016680.

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The new diamagnetic complex, [Zn2(N3)4(C6H6N2O)2] or [Zn2(pca)2(μ1,1-N3)2(N3)2] was synthesized using pyridine-2-carboxamide (pca) and azido ligands, and characterized using various techniques: IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solution. The molecule is placed on an inversion centre in space group P\overline{1}. The pca ligand chelates the metal centre via the pyridine N atom and the carbonyl O atom. One azido ligand bridges the two symmetry-related Zn2+ cations in the end-on coordination mode, while the other independent azido anion occupies the fifth coordination site, as a terminal ligand. The resulting five-coordinate Zn centres have a coordination geometry intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. The behaviour of the title complex in DMSO solution suggests that it is a suitable NMR probe for similar or isostructural complexes including other transition-metal ions. The diamagnetic nature of the complex is reflected in similar 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts for the free ligand pca as for the Zn complex.
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12

Mendoza, María de los Angeles, Sylvain Bernès, and Guillermo Mendoza-Díaz. "Coordination of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)amine to palladium(II): influence of the co-ligands and counter-ions on the molecular and crystal structures." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205698901402595x.

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The structures of a series of complexes with general formulan[Pd(pza)X]Y·mH2O (n= 1, 2;X= Cl, Br, I, N3, NCS;Y= NO3, I, N3, [Pd(SCN)4];m= 0, 0.5, 1) have been determined, where pza is the tridentate ligand bis[2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]amine, C14H23N5. In all complexes, {bis[2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)ethyl]amine-κN}chloridopalladium nitrate, [Pd(pza)Cl]NO3, (1), {bis[2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)ethyl]amine-κN}bromidopalladium nitrate, [Pd(pza)Br]NO3, (2), {bis[2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)ethyl]amine-κN}iodidopalladium iodide hemihydrate, [Pd(pza)I]I·0.5H2O, (3), azido{bis[2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)ethyl]amine-κN}palladium azide monohydrate, [Pd(pza)N3]N3·H2O, (4), and bis[{bis[2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)ethyl]amine-κN}(thiocyanato-κN)palladium] tetrakis(thiocyanato-κS)palladate, [Pd(pza)NCS]2[Pd(SCN)4], (5), the [Pd(pza)X]+complex cation displays a square-planar coordination geometry, and the pza ligand is twisted, approximating twofold rotation symmetry. Although the pza ligand is found with the same conformation along the series, the dihedral angle between pyrazole rings depends on the co-ligandX. This angle span the range 79.0 (3)–88.6 (1)° for the studied complexes. In (3), two complex cations, two I−anions and one water molecule of crystallization are present in the asymmetric unit. In (5), the central amine group of pza is disordered over two positions [occupancy ratio 0.770 (18):0.230 (18)]. The complex [Pd(SCN)4]2−anion of this compound exhibits inversion symmetry and shows the Pd2+transition metal cation likewise in a square-planar coordination environment. Compound (5) is also a rare occurrence of a non-polymeric compound in which the pseudohalide ligand NCS−behaves both as thiocyanate and isothiocyanate,i.e.is coordinating either through the N atom (in the cation) or the S atom (in the anion).
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13

H. Ghani, Afnan, and Ammar J. Alabdali. "Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Cancer Activity of gold (III) and Nickel (II) Metal Ion Complexes Derived from Tetrazole-Triazole Compound." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.25.2.02.

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This research is for academic understanding to work out new ligand behavior4-({(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-sulfanyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)amino}(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol (L) with gold (III) and nickel (II) metal ions. Ligand (L) has been synthesized from cyclization of the interaction of (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl){[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-sulfanyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]amino}acetonitrile (F) with sodium azide. α-Amino nitrile compound (F) intern synthesized from interaction of aldehyde amine and KCN acidic medium as three components one put reaction. The presence of well oriented donor atoms (N2-type) of ligand (L) interacted with gold (III) and nickel (II) ions under reflux to prepare [1:2] [M:L]Cl electrolytic complexes, the complexes [Au (L)3]Cl3and [Ni (L)2]Cl2were suggested to have square planar geometry. The resulting products were characterized via technical1H-NMR, UV-Vis, IR spectroscopy, conductivity and EDX. The cytotoxic effect was studied on a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cell line). At different concentrations for both complexes. The results showed that gold(III) complex has higher cytotoxicity than nickel(II) complex against cancer cell line.
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14

Hayibor, Kennedy Mawunya, Yukinari Sunatsuki, and Takayoshi Suzuki. "Selective Formation of Unsymmetric Multidentate Azine-Based Ligands in Nickel(II) Complexes." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 6788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206788.

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A mixture of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde, 4-formylimidazole (or 2-methyl-4-formylimidazole), and NiCl2·6H2O in a molar ratio of 2:2:1 was reacted with two equivalents of hydrazine monohydrate in methanol, followed by the addition of aqueous NH4PF6 solution, afforded a NiII complex with two unsymmetric azine-based ligands, [Ni(HLH)2](PF6)2 (1) or [Ni(HLMe)2](PF6)2 (2), in a high yield, where HLH denotes 2-pyridylmethylidenehydrazono-(4-imidazolyl)methane and HLMe is its 2-methyl-4-imidazolyl derivative. The spectroscopic measurements and elemental analysis confirmed the phase purity of the bulk products, and the single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed the molecular and crystal structures of the NiII complexes bearing an unsymmetric HLH or HLMe azines in a tridentate κ3N, N’, N” coordination mode. The HLH complex with a methanol solvent, 1·MeOH, crystallizes in the orthorhombic non-centrosymmetric space group P212121 with Z = 4, affording conglomerate crystals, while the HLMe complex, 2·H2O·Et2O, crystallizes in the monoclinic and centrosymmetric space group P21/n with Z = 4. In the crystal of 2·H2O·Et2O, there is intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction between the imidazole N–H and the neighboring uncoordinated azine-N atom, forming a one-dimensional polymeric structure, but there is no obvious magnetic interaction among the intra- and interchain paramagnetic NiII ions.
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15

Rzonsowska, Monika, Katarzyna Kozakiewicz, Katarzyna Mituła, Julia Duszczak, Maciej Kubicki, and Beata Dudziec. "Synthesis of Silsesquioxanes with Substituted Triazole Ring Functionalities and Their Coordination Ability." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020439.

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A synthesis of a series of mono-T8 and difunctionalized double-decker silsesquioxanes bearing substituted triazole ring(s) has been reported within this work. The catalytic protocol for their formation is based on the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) process. Diverse alkynes were in the scope of our interest—i.e., aryl, hetaryl, alkyl, silyl, or germyl—and the latter was shown to be the first example of terminal germane alkyne which is reactive in the applied process’ conditions. From the pallet of 15 compounds, three of them with pyridine-triazole and thiophenyl-triazole moiety attached to T8 or DDSQ core were verified in terms of their coordinating properties towards selected transition metals, i.e., Pd(II), Pt(II), and Rh(I). The studies resulted in the formation of four SQs based coordination compounds that were obtained in high yields up to 93% and their thorough spectroscopic characterization is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first example of the DDSQ-based molecular complex possessing bidentate pyridine-triazole ligand binding two Pd(II) ions.
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16

Blasi, Delia, Pierluigi Mercandelli, and Lucia Carlucci. "Supramolecular Frameworks and a Luminescent Coordination Polymer from New β-Diketone/Tetrazole Ligands." Inorganics 10, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10040055.

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Mixed multidentate linkers with donor groups of different types can be fruitfully exploited in the self-assembly of coordination polymers (CPs) and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). In this work we develop new ligands containing a β-diketone chelating functionality, to better control the stereochemistry at the metal center, and tetrazolyl multidentate bridging groups, a combination not yet explored for networking with metal ions. The new ligands, 1,3-bis(4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-1,3-propanedione (H3L1) and 1-phenyl-3-(4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-1,3-propanedione (H2L2), are synthesized from the corresponding nitrile precursors by [2+3] dipolar cycloaddition of azide under metal-free catalytic conditions. Crystal structure analysis evidences the involvement of tetrazolyl fragments in multiple hydrogen bonding giving 2D and 1D supramolecular frameworks. Reactivity of the new ligands with different metal salts indicates good coordinating ability, and we report the preparation and structural characterization of the tris–chelate complex [Fe(HL1)3]3− (1) and the homometallic 2D CP [ZnL2(DMSO)] (2). In compound 1 only the diketonate donor is used, whereas the partially deprotonated tetrazolyl groups are involved in hydrogen bonding, giving rise to a 2D supramolecular framework of (6,3)IIa topological type. In compound 2 the ligand is completely deprotonated and uses both the diketonate donor (chelating) and the tetrazolate fragment (bridging) to coordinate the Zn(II) ions. The resulting neutral 2D network of sql topology shows luminescence in the solid state, which is red shifted with respect to the free ligand. Interestingly, it can be easily exfoliated in water to give a luminescent colloidal solution.
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17

Neiva, Sonia Maria, Lucídio Souza Santos, Sebastião Barros Araújo, José Cardoso Do Nascimento Filho, and Douglas Wagner Franco. "Substitution reactions of some pseudo-halides in trans-[Ru(NH3)P(OEt)3(H2O)]2+." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-063.

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The kinetics and mechanism of the formation of trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3X]1+ (X = SCN−, CN−, and[Formula: see text]) have been investigated. The second order specific rate constants k1 for the substitution of the water molecule in trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3(H2O)]2+ for CN−, [Formula: see text], and SCN− are (3.1 ± 0.3) × 102, (1.7 ± 0.1) × 102, and (1.4 ± 0.1) × 102 M−1 s−1, respectively, at 25 °C, μ = 1.0 (NaCF3COO). Under the same experimental conditions the aquation of the pseudohalide derivatives, trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3X]+ proceeds at specific rates of (1.8 ± 0.1) × 10 and (2.8 ± 0.1) × 10−1 s−1 for X = [Formula: see text] and SCN−, respectively, and the upper limit for the rate of CN− loss from trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3CN]+ was estimated as 1.2 × 10−1 s−1. The order of affinities for the monophosphite complex in the series of ligands studied is:[Formula: see text]where imN = imidazol, pyr = pyrazine, and Mepyr+ = methylpyrazinium. From enthalpies of activation it is possible to estimate that net replacement of H2O in trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3(H2O)]2+ by azide ions is exothermic by 2.8 ± 2 kcal/mol.
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18

Abe, Yuriko, and Naoko Kitamura. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Complex Formation Reactions of Cobalt(II) with Chloride, Bromide, Iodide, and Azide Ions, 2,2′-Bipyridine, 2,2′ : 6′,2″-Terpyridine, and Tris(2-pyridyl)amine in Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 65, no. 8 (August 1992): 2280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.65.2280.

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