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Journal articles on the topic 'Azania'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Chami, Felix. "The Geographical Extent of Azania." Theoria 68, no. 168 (September 1, 2021): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2021.6816802.

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The Romans identified East Africa as Azania. The Chinese as Zezan. The metropolis of Rhapta was indicated to be the capital of Azania. In recent times a controversy emerged as to the location of Azania and Rhapta. A discussion has also occurred regarding the kind of people who settled in Azania. Whereas some scholars agree that the core of Azania was in East Africa modern, the geographical extent of Azania is in question. Archaeological, historical, and linguistic data have been used to suggest Azania extended from the coast of East Africa to the Great Lakes region, central Africa and South Africa. It is also argued that the people of Azania were Bantu speakers who were farming and smelting iron. It is therefore justifiable for the people of the larger region of South Africa to East Africa to name themselves Azanians.

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2

Dladla, Ndumiso. "The Azanian Philosophical Tradition Today." Theoria 68, no. 168 (September 1, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2021.6816801.

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Even though the Pan Africanist Congress was formed in 1959 after departing from the African National Congress at a point marking out the irreconcilability of the Azanian ‘faith’ with the other interpretations of the struggle within the ‘broad church’ of the Congress Movement, it was only six years later, in 1965, that it modified its name to the PAC of Azania. The name Azania is supposed to have been suggested by Nkrumah at the All-African Peoples’ Conference in 1958 attended by the Africanists even before the inauguration of the PAC (Diaz 2009: 239; Hilton 1993: 5). The Azanian tendency in ‘South African’ history can arguably be said to have existed from the earliest times of resistance by the indigenous people against the unjust wars of colonisation (see Dladla 2020: 71–108).

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3

Upton, Elaine Maria. "South Africa/Azania." Feminist Studies 21, no. 3 (1995): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178204.

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4

Kirwan, L. P. "Rhapta, Metropolis of Azania." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 21, no. 1 (January 1986): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672708609511370.

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5

PLÜDDEMANN, PETER. "One Azania, One Oration." Matatu 15-16, no. 1 (April 26, 1996): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000182.

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6

Mitchell, Peter. "A new future for Azania." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 43, no. 1 (January 2008): iii—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672700809480455.

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7

Maaba, Brown Bavusile. "The Archives of the Pan Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness-Orientated Movements." History in Africa 28 (2001): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172227.

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On 19 September 1998, Professor Sibusiso Bhengu, the South African Minister of Education, officially opened the National Arts and Heritage Cultural Centre (NAHECS) archives at the University of Fort Hare. This archive houses documentation from three former liberation movements: the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, the Azanian People's Organization and the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania. Bhengu, from 1991 to 1994 the first black rector of Fort Hare, had signaled a new era for the university.It was during Bhengu's administration that the university received ANC archival documents, firstly from the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College (SOMAFCO), the ANC school in Tanzania during the exile period between 1978 and 1992, followed by other documents from ANC missions in different parts of the world. The arrival of these sources, which are lodged in the University Library, was followed by the official opening of the ANC archives on 17 March 1996 by Deputy President Thabo Mbeki of behalf of Nelson Mandela. Even before they were officially opened, the university had begun to receive scholars who combed the documents in an effort to reconstruct the history of the exiled liberation movements. Fort Hare historians also utilized the archives.The presence of the ANC archives at Fort Hare seems to have inspired Mbulelo Mzamane, Bhengu's successor as Vice Chancellor, to state that Fort Hare should be a home for all South African liberation movements' archival material. Soon, sources from the three liberation movements were sent to the university and the former Centre for Cultural Studies (CCS), now NAHECS, took charge of the documents. While these papers were being sorted out, a building was being constructed on campus to house the papers.

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8

Swer, Gregory Morgan, and Ewa Latecka. "Introduction: From Adorno to Azania – critical theory reloaded." South African Journal of Philosophy 38, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1635871.

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9

Buzan, Barry, and H. O. Nazareth. "South Africa versus Azania: the implications of who rules." International Affairs 62, no. 1 (1985): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618065.

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10

Ranuga, Thomas K. "Frantz Fanon and Black Consciousness in Azania (South Africa)." Phylon (1960-) 47, no. 3 (1986): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/274985.

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11

Walker, Dennis. "Islam and Christianity in Azania: the Black African dimension." Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal 11, no. 1 (January 1990): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666959008716146.

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12

Ejiogu, EC. "Post-Liberation South Africa: Sorting Out the Pieces." Journal of Asian and African Studies 47, no. 3 (June 2012): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909611428041.

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The written history and narratives of the anti-apartheid liberation struggle in South Africa has been cast, albeit erroneously, as if it was waged and won solely by the African National Congress (ANC), its ally the South African Communist Party (SACP), and the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), the three alliance partners that have held the reins of state power since the first multi-racial democratic elections in 1994. The truth is that the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) of Azania, the Azania People’s Organization (AZAPO), the New Unity Movement (NUMO), and several other liberation movements played significantly vital roles in that struggle. The ensuing discourse puts this state of affairs on the PAC’s diminished status in the politics of post-liberation South Africa, which derives partly from its radical antecedents from its inception that placed it apart from the ANC from which it split in 1959, earned it immediate proscription from the apartheid stage before it could root itself properly as well as notoriety in the West. The discourse argues and concludes that a more comprehensive narrative and written history of that struggle will benefit the on-going quest for the transformation of South Africa’s multi-racial democracy and the course of democracy in the rest of Africa.

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13

Whitelaw, Gavin. "Comment on Greenfield and Van Schalkwyk's article on Ndondondwane,Azania, 2003." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 40, no. 1 (January 2005): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672700509480418.

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14

Bardill, John, and Bernard Leeman. "Lesotho and the Struggle for Azania. Africanist Political Movements in Lesotho and Azania: The Origins and History of the Basutoland Congress Party and the Pan Africanist Congress." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 3 (1987): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485674.

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15

Maringira, Godfrey. "Crime in rank and file: Azania People’s Liberation Army combatants in South Africa." African Security Review 25, no. 4 (October 2016): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2016.1225589.

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16

Mbida, C., H. Doutrelepont, L. Vrydaghs, Ro Swennen, Ru Swennen, H. Beeckman, E. De Langhe, and P. de Maret. "The initial history of bananas in Africa. A reply to Jan Vansina,Azania, 2003." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 40, no. 1 (January 2005): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672700509480419.

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17

Satyo, Sizwe. "A Response to Neville Alexander's Essay:Language Policy and National Unity in South Africa/Azania." Southern African Journal of Applied Language Studies 1, no. 1 (February 1992): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10189203.1992.9724591.

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18

Brown, Andrew J. "Performing blackness in the “Rainbow Nation”: Athi-Patra Ruga’sThe Future White Women of Azania." Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory 27, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0740770x.2017.1282115.

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19

Kondlo, Kwandiwe. "“A Disarticulate Intersection of Parallels”: The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania and the African Renaissance Philosophy." International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity 14, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2019.1677163.

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20

Maringira, Godfrey. "When ex-combatants became peaceful: Azania People’s Liberation Army ex-combatants in post-apartheid South Africa." African Studies 77, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2017.1416996.

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21

Wellings, Paul, and Bernard Leeman. "Lesotho and the Struggle for Azania. Africanist Political Movements in Lesotho and Azania: The Origins and History of the Basutoland Congress Party and the Pan Africanist Congress, Vols. 1-2 (1780-1966), Vol. 3. (1966-1984)." International Journal of African Historical Studies 23, no. 1 (1990): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220005.

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22

Finn, Stephen M. "Poets oppressed, poets of protest: A comparison of pre‐Israel Hebrew poets and pre‐Azania black poets." World Literature Written in English 30, no. 1 (January 1990): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449859008589124.

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23

Badru, Pade. "Not Yet Uhuru: The Unfinished Revolution in Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 47, no. 3 (June 2012): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909611428053.

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In Kwandiwe Kondlo’s In the Twilight of the Revolution (2009), which examines the role of the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) of Azania in South Africa’s anti-apartheid struggle as the backdrop, this article surveys the momentum of social revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa during the decolonization era that started in the mid-20th century and ended with South Africa’s transition to a multi-racial democracy in 1994. It argues that the failure of the African elite to achieve a genuine independence from both colonial rule and South Africa’s apartheid system is largely because of inconsistent nationalist ideologies and the detachment of the African elite from the popular struggles of the people, which could have resulted in the revolutionary overthrow of the colonial state and the dawn of more progressive and autonomous states all across Black Africa. It concludes that this failure led to the continuing instability of the post-colonial states across Africa and, in South Africa, to the achievement of a particular form of multi-racial democracy with very little or no change to the real politics of apartheid and Boer domination.

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24

Shai, Kgothatso Brucely, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "[South] Africa's Health System and Human Rights: A Critical African Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2090.

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For more than two decades, 21st March has been canonised and celebrated among South Africans as Human Rights Day. Earmarked by the newly democratic and inclusive South Africa, it commemorates the Sharpeville and Langa massacres. As history recorded, on the 21st March 1960, residents of Sharpeville and subsequently, Langa embarked on a peaceful anti-pass campaign led by the African National Congress (ANC) breakaway party, the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). The pass (also known as dompas) was one of the most despised symbols of apartheid; a system declared internationally as a crime against humanity. In the post-apartheid era, it is expectedthat all South Africans enjoy and celebrate the full extent of their human rights. However, it appears that the envisaged rights are not equally enjoyed by all. This is because widening inequalities in the health-care system, in schooling, and in the lucrative sporting arena have not been amicably and irrevocably resolved. Furthermore, it is still the norm that the most vulnerable of South Africans, especially rural Africans, find it difficult, and sometimes, impossible to access adequate and even essential healthcare services. Central to the possible questions to emerge from this discourse are the following(i) What is the current state of South Africaâ€™s health system at the turn of 23 years of its majority rule? (ii) Why is the South African health system still unable to sufficiently deliver the socioeconomic health rights of most South African people? It is against this background that this article uses a critical discourse analysis approach in its broadest form to provide a nuanced Afrocentric assessment of South Africaâ€™s human rights record in the health sector since the year 1994. Data for this article is generated through the review of the cauldron of published and unpublished academic, official and popular literature.

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25

Shai, Kgothatso Brucely, and Olusola Ogunnubi. "[South] Africa’s Health System and Human Rights: A Critical African Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2090.

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For more than two decades, 21st March has been canonised and celebrated among South Africans as Human Rights Day. Earmarked by the newly democratic and inclusive South Africa, it commemorates the Sharpeville and Langa massacres. As history recorded, on the 21st March 1960, residents of Sharpeville and subsequently, Langa embarked on a peaceful anti-pass campaign led by the African National Congress (ANC) breakaway party, the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). The pass (also known as dompas) was one of the most despised symbols of apartheid; a system declared internationally as a crime against humanity. In the post-apartheid era, it is expectedthat all South Africans enjoy and celebrate the full extent of their human rights. However, it appears that the envisaged rights are not equally enjoyed by all. This is because widening inequalities in the health-care system, in schooling, and in the lucrative sporting arena have not been amicably and irrevocably resolved. Furthermore, it is still the norm that the most vulnerable of South Africans, especially rural Africans, find it difficult, and sometimes, impossible to access adequate and even essential healthcare services. Central to the possible questions to emerge from this discourse are the following(i) What is the current state of South Africa’s health system at the turn of 23 years of its majority rule? (ii) Why is the South African health system still unable to sufficiently deliver the socioeconomic health rights of most South African people? It is against this background that this article uses a critical discourse analysis approach in its broadest form to provide a nuanced Afrocentric assessment of South Africa’s human rights record in the health sector since the year 1994. Data for this article is generated through the review of the cauldron of published and unpublished academic, official and popular literature.

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26

Mothopeng, Ellen. "Paper Presented at the Pan African Congress (PAC) Economic Seminar, Botswana on October, 1991. Possible PAC Economic Policies and Strategies on Women in Development for a Liberated Azania." Agenda, no. 12 (1992): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065477.

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27

R. Nyahende, Veronica. "Implementations of the Best Practices in Repayment, the Way to Improve Collections of the Due Students’ Loans in Tanzania." Higher Education Studies 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v6n1p60.

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<p>This study was designed to investigate the influence of the implementation of the best practices in repayment in the pre college preparation, in the in college period and in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) in increasing collections of the due students’ loans. The study was geared towards achieving the following objectives: (1) To assess the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the Pre college preparations in improving collections of the due students loans; (2) To examine the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the in college period in improving collections of the due students loans; (3) To investigate the influence of the implementations of the best practices in repayment in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) in improving collections of the due students loans.</p><p>Data were collected from parents, prospective loans beneficiaries and students’ loans beneficiaries in Dar es salaam city, in this study 5 secondary schools (Azania, Zanaki, Jangwani, Mbezi and Makongo), 5 universities (UDSM, DUCE, CBE, IFM and DIT) and 4 Organizations (HESLB, TPB, NBC and DUCE Academic staff) were visited. Data were collected from 267 respondents, 138 were from Kinondoni district, 65 from Ilala district, and 64 from Temeke. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) data analysis tool.</p><p>The study concluded that, the implementations of the best practice in repayment in the pre college preparation, in the in college period and in the after college period (the grace period and repayment) has an influence in increasing collections of the due students’ loans. In order to address these conclusions, the study recommends that HESLB should ensure the early education to the existing models and presentation to promote value of education, in the pre college preparations, presence of students financial aid offices, entry and exit counselling sessions, in the in college period as well as making sure that beneficiaries are reminded to repay, maintenance of the regular contacts with borrowers as well as establishment of contacts with dropouts in the after college period.</p>

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28

Richards, Paul. "J. E. G. Sutton (ed.), History of African Agricultural Technology and Field Systems. Special volume of Azania: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa 24, 1989, 122 pp., £10.50, ISSN 0067 270 X." Africa 62, no. 3 (July 1992): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159765.

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29

Cahyo, Fery Andika, Audi Farizka, Ahmad Amiruddin, and Rachmat Hamid Musa. "Practical Method of Predicting Slope Failure Based on Velocity Value (SLO Method) From Slope Stability Radar." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v0i0.14.

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Predicting slope failure is one of the most sought after feature from Slope Stability Radar (SSR). An accurate slope failure prediction will potentially give an ample time to manage risk related with slope stability, wherein the evacuation ofequipment or personal would be executed on a timely manner. The renownedmethod to predict failure among geo-mechanical practitioner is utilizing inversevelocity method, in which collapse will be predicted to happen when the extension of inverse velocity line is intercepted at predefined value that is usually only fractal above zero. The tenet of this method is, if one has acquired the knowledge of inverse velocity value from previous collapses, the next collapse could be predicted based on it with the pretext that both share the same nature and geological feature. The same can be said for predicting collapse based on velocity value. Set of maximum velocity value from several previous collapses will be averaged to determine predefined assumption to predict the next collapse. This paper will demonstrate an alternative method to predict collapse that will use velocity value instead of inverse velocity. This method is called SLO method as proposed by Azania Mufundirwa.This paper will specifically exemplify the practical steps to produce the failureprediction from slope stability radar data, and discuss the characteristic of theprediction yield by this method. Velocity chart with velocity calculation period of60 minutes is first established from particular pixel deemed as the one that showing the most distinguished progressive deformation trend. The velocity data will then be an exported and reprocess as such that the time data will be converted into unit time stamp number. The designated time stamp will then be accumulated, in which the onset of failure, will be regarded as time 0 reference. Log linear chart will be generated in which X-axis will be occupied by velocity value, while Y-axis will depict Velocity x Accumulated time (SLO chart). Collapse can subsequently be predicted by intercepting the predefined assumption of velocity during collapse with the log linear curve from the SLO chart. Two methods, mathematical & graphical, will be presented in this paper in order to give in depth understanding as to how one can predict collapse event with velocity value. Taking account on the study case from iron ore mining, SLO method yielded prediction of failuretime on 10:58 PM 31st January 2016, meanwhile the real failure occur on 11:32 PM 31st January 2016.

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30

DE SOUZA AMORIM, DALTON, SARAH SIQUEIRA OLIVEIRA, and MARIA ISABEL P. A. BALBI. "Azana atlantica, n.sp., with reduced mouthparts and two ocelli: first record of Azana for the Neotropical region (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)." Zootaxa 1789, no. 1 (June 11, 2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1789.1.2.

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A new Sciophilinae—Azana atlantica, sp.n.—is described from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. The species has a number of distinctive apomorphic features, including loss of the mid ocellus, reduced mouthparts, Sc short and incomplete, first section of Rs missing, r-m elongated, longitudinal in position, aligned with the second section of Rs (R 5 ), unforked medial and cubital veins, R 4 missing, M 4 entirely absent, gonostyle triangular, with an inner row of elongated spines and a basal, digitiform inner projection. Some of these features are shared with other genera of the Azana- group of Sciophilinae. The shape of the scutum and the strong spines on the gonostyle make it clear that the species belongs in Azana, despite the features that are distinctive from the remaining species in the genus. There are ten species described in Azana to date, from United States, Europe, Sri Lanka, Canary Islands, tropical Africa and Baltic amber. This is the first Neotropical species belonging to the genus. The complete loss of M 4 and the separated gonocoxites suggest that Azana atlantica, sp.n. forms a monophyletic group with the Afrotropical species of the genus. Azana, Morganiella, Neoaphelomera, Neotrizygia, and Trizygia are shown to compose a small clade within the Azana-group of genera. The division of the genus into two subgenera—A. (Azana) and A. (Jugazana)—most probably renders A. (Azana) paraphyletic and it is suggested that this should be for the time being abandoned.

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31

KERR, PETER H. "New Azana species from Western North America (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)." Zootaxa 2397, no. 1 (March 12, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2397.1.1.

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Two new species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), Azana malinamoena and Azana frizzelli, spp. nov., are described and figured from California. These species represent the first records of Azana for western North America. A diagnosis of the genus Azana Walker is presented and a provisional key for the New World species of the genus is given. The discovery of A. malinamoena and A. frizzelli in California and their apparently close relationship to A. nigricoxa Strobl from south-western Europe (rather than to the only other Azana species known from North America, A. sinusa Coher) implies a more complicated biogeographic history of this genus in North America, one that probably includes multiple, independent dispersal events.

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32

Modiri, Joel. "Azanian Political Thought and the Undoing of South African Knowledges." Theoria 68, no. 168 (September 1, 2021): 42–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2021.6816804.

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This article sets out a few key questions, themes, and problems animating an Azanian social and political philosophy, with specific reference to the radical promise of undoing South African disciplinary knowledges. The article is made up of two parts: The first part discusses the epistemic and political forces arrayed against black radical thought in South Africa and beyond. A few current trends of anti-black thinking – liberal racism, Left Eurocentrism, and postcolonial post-racialism – which pose challenges for the legibility of Azanian critique are outlined. Part two constructs an exposition and synthesis of key tenets of Azanian thinking elaborated upon under three signs: ‘South Africa’, ‘race and racism’, and ‘Africa’. The aim of the discussion is to illustrate the critical, emancipatory potential of Azanian thought and its radical incommensurability with dominant strands of scholarship in the human and social sciences today. The article ultimately defends the reassertion of black radical thought in the South African academy today and underscores in particular the abolitionist drive of Azanian political thought.

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Pavlova, Aneliya. "New and rare fungus gnats for the fauna of Bulgaria (Diptera: Nematocera: Mycetophilidae)." Historia naturalis bulgarica 41, no. 4 (February 5, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.41.04001.

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The paper provides information about two newly recorded species for the fauna of Bulgaria: Docosia rohaceki Sevcik, 2006 and Leia graeca Bechev, 1997 and new localities for another two rare species in Bulgaria. Azana (A.) bulgarense Coher, 1995 is proposed as a synonym of Azana (A.) flavohalterata Strobl, 1909.

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34

Sams, Larry Marshall. "Azalea." Appalachian Heritage 17, no. 2 (1989): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1989.0012.

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35

DENBOW, JAMES. "THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF FARMING The Growth of Farming Communities in Africa from the Equator Southwards. Edited by J. E. G. Sutton. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa. Azania, special volume xxix–xxx. 1996. Pp. ix+338. £25 (ISBN 1-872566-10-3)." Journal of African History 39, no. 1 (March 1998): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853797217160.

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36

Raley, Harold, Jesus Ferrer Sola, and Manuel Azana. "Manuel Azana: Una pasion intelectual." Hispanic Review 62, no. 2 (1994): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/475122.

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37

Beraki, Asmara. "Azanian filmmaking: Creating an African present." Critical Arts 16, no. 1 (January 2002): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560240285310071.

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38

Bioltif, Yilni Edward, Naanma Bioltif Edward, and Terry Dalyop Tyeng. "A Chemical Overview of Azanza garckeana." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 9, no. 2 (November 17, 2020): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.91-95.

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Azanza garckeana is a popular fruit tree in Nigeria, specifically in Gombe State, where it is locally called ‘goron tula’ which means ‘Kola of Tula’. It is also found in part of some African countries. Different plant part of this small tree/shrub has recorded different uses by the locals; uses ranging from its fruits being edible and others parts helping to remedy different diseases, especially sexually related diseases. It also records use as booster for sexual performance. The uses of the plant are majorly attributed to the presence of chemicals. Its local use initiates the necessity of this review to enhance the research for drug discovery since Chemicals are the chief constituencies responsible for its medicinal importance.

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39

Robacker, Carol D., and S. K. Braman. "Field Evaluation of Azalea Species and Cultivars for Resistance to Azalea Lace Bug and Cranberry Rootworm." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 482B—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.482b.

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Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) is the most serious pest on azalea. Both evergreen and deciduous azaleas are susceptible, though more resistance has been observed in the deciduous. To identify genes for resistance, fourteen deciduous azalea species, three deciduous azalea cultivars derived from complex hybrids, and one evergreen cultivar were planted in a randomized complete-block design under mixed deciduous trees in the fall of 1994. Each block was replicated 12 times. In the spring and summer of 1995, azalea lace bugs were introduced onto branches of six plants of each of the taxa. One month later, and again in the fall of 1996, the percentage of infected shoots per plant was measured. Very little damage from azalea lace bug was observed on the R. canescens, R. periclymenoides, and R. prunifolium plants, while `Buttercup', `My Mary', R. japonicum, and R. oblongifolium had the greatest damage. The cranberry rootworm, Rhadopterus picipes, damages many woody ornamentals, including some azalea species. The injury appears as elongated cuts on the leaves, and is most severe on plants growing under dense canopies. The cranberry rootworm has been observed in this azalea field plot. Plants were evaluated for damage in June 1995 and 1996. Cranberry rootworm damage was most severe on `Buttercup', R. japonicum, R. prinophyllum, and R. calendulaceum, while the evergreen azalea `Delaware Valley White' was the most resistant.

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Gutiérrez Gil, Alberto. "Carmen Pinillos y José Javier Azanza (eds.). Et nunc et semper festa. Pamplona: Ediciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019." América sin nombre, no. 24-2 (January 9, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/amesn.2020.24-2.12.

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41

Bertetti, Domenico, M. Lodovica Gullino, and Angelo Garibaldi. "Susceptibility of Evergreen Azalea Cultivars to Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum." HortTechnology 17, no. 4 (January 2007): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.4.501.

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Colletotrichum acutatum is the causal agent of anthracnose on azalea (Rhododendron azalea). This disease was observed in Fall 2002 on ‘Palestrina’ azalea in Italy. Severe outbreaks of this disease were recently observed on several cultivars of azalea grown in nurseries located in the Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province in the Piedmont region of northern Italy. Information on susceptibility to C. acutatum among azalea cultivars currently grown in Italy was unavailable. Artificial inoculations were performed to evaluate the susceptibility of 70 evergreen azalea cultivars produced in the Lake Maggiore area. Sixty of the cultivars evaluated failed to develop disease symptoms and were considered resistant to C. acutatum. Symptomatic cultivars were placed into three susceptibility classes. The cultivars Addy Wery, Fior di Pesco Cavadini, Geisha Orangerot, Kermesina, Orion, Palestrina, and Snow developed severe anthracnose symptoms. The cultivars Conversation Piece, Eikan, and Martha Hitchcock showed moderate susceptibility.

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Bukar, Bukata B., Naomi E. Tsokwa, and Omolola D. G. Orshi. "Ameliorative and fecundity potentials of aqueous extract of Azanza garckeana (T. Hoffm) fruit pulp in formalin-induced toxicity on male albino mice." Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources 17, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpb.v17i2.10.

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The study investigated the ameliorative and fecundity potentials of Azanza garckeana on formalin-induced toxicity in mice testes. Male albino mice were divided into eight groups of five mice each. Group I was administered normal saline (1 ml/kg per oral); Group II received formalin (10 mg/kg) alone; Groups III, IV and V received formalin (10 mg/kg IP) plus extract (orally) at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively for 40 days; Groups VI, VII and VIII received extract alone at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Gonadotropin assays and sperm analysis were carried out using standard methods. Animals in groups III to VIII showed significant body weight increase compared to baseline value (p<0.05) from day 20 to 40. Co-administration of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg with formalin caused a significant increase in weight of the epididymis compared to control (p<0.05). Extract at 125 and 500 mg/kg induced significant increase in LH, FSH and testosterone compared to control (p<0.05). Extract alone at 250 and 500 mg/kg caused significant increase in FSH compared with control (p<0.05). Extract at 250 mg/kg demonstrated highest fecundity potential of 8.49. These results imply that Azanza garckeana possesses ameliorative and pro-fertility properties. Keywords: Azanza garckeana; Gonadotropins; Aphrodisia; Fecundity; Gonadosomatic index; Sperm Motility

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Tanizaki, Junichiro, and Anthony H. Chambers. "The Silent Azalea." Grand Street, no. 47 (1993): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007714.

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Bilderback, T. E., D. J. Cagle, and P. R. Fantz. "`Greenthumb Peppermint' Azalea." HortScience 25, no. 2 (February 1990): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.2.236.

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Bhattacharya, Ronica. "Mangoes on Azalea." Chicago Review 41, no. 2/3 (1995): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305944.

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Coulehan, Jack. "The Azalea Poem." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 277, no. 9 (March 5, 1997): 688p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540330012003.

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Bush, E. W., M. L. Robbins, and D. A. Wall. "ALKALINE WATER ACIDIFICATION INFLUENCES SODIUM UPTAKE BY AZALEA." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1178e—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1178e.

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Sodium bicarbonate type irrigation water is detrimental to the growth of Azalea indica `Formosa'. Alkaline irrigation water reduced both top and root growth of `Formosa' azalea. Leaf tissue sodium was significantly greater in azalea plant tissue irrigated with alkaline water. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to acidify the alkaline water source. Acidification significantly reduced the uptake of sodium into the leaf tissue by 45%. Leaf tissue Ca and Mg levels were significantly greater from plants irrigated wtih deionized water. Azalea plants irrigated with acidified water produced significantly better quality plants. Leaf and root tissue samples were taken after 8 months.

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Park, Sang-Kun, Jin-Hee Lim, Seong-Youl Choi, Hak-Ki Shin, and Jung-Soo Lee. "A New High Yielding Gerbera 'Azalin' with Pink, Green Disc Floret and Semi-double for Cut-flower." Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2012.11100.

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Letcher, Roy M., and I. M. Shirley. "o-Naphthoquinones from the heartwood of Azanza garckeana." Phytochemistry 31, no. 12 (December 1992): 4171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80436-i.

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Wang, Yuefang, Carol D. Robacker, and S. K. Braman. "Screening of Deciduous Azalea for Resistance to Azalea Lace Bug." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 813E—813. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.813e.

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Azalea lace bug is the most serious pest of cultivated azalea. Though deciduous azaleas are generally considered to be more resistant to lace bug than are evergreen azaleas, some variation in resistance has been reported. The identification of the genetic and physiological basis of resistance is important to eventual development of resistant cultivars of both the deciduous and evergreen azaleas. The first step in this program is to evaluate a wide range of deciduous azaleas for level of resistance. Laboratory evaluations were conducted on nine species and two hybrid cultivars of deciduous azalea and a known susceptible cultivar of evergreen azalea, `Delaware Valley White'. Oviposition rate, rate of egg hatch, number of nymphs surviving, and percent damaged leaf area were evaluated for each of the tested genotypes. Results indicated a wide range of susceptibility, with R. canescens and R. periclymenoides plants highly resistant to infection, while R. atlanticum and R. viscosum were highly susceptible.

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