Academic literature on the topic 'Azad Hind'

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Journal articles on the topic "Azad Hind"

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Gupta, Vivek. "Arabic in Hindustan: Comparative Poetics in the Eighteenth Century and Azad Bilgrami’s The Coral Rosary." Journal of South Asian Intellectual History 4, no. 2 (December 9, 2022): 181–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425552-12340034.

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Abstract This article examines the contributions of Ghulām ʿAlī “Āzād” Bilgrāmī (1704–1786) to our understanding of comparative poetics and Arabic in eighteenth-century Hindustan. It attends to Azad’s oeuvre through the lenses of translation, multilingualism, and literary science. Philological analysis reveals how Azad establishes analogues across these three literary languages that attest to the adaptive capacity of poetics. His sections on Hindi poetry in his Arabic work Subḥat al-marjān fī āthār Hindūstān (The Coral Rosary of Hindustan’s Traditions, 1763–64), and its later adaptation into Persian Ghizlān al-Hind (The Gazelles of India, 1764–65) anchor this study. The essay also establishes a Hindi inspiration for Azad’s Arabic poem Mir‘āt al-Jamāl (The Mirror of Beauty, 1773). By probing the intertextualities within and beyond Azad’s corpus, this study demonstrates how Arabic literary production in Hindustan benefits from a comparative method that accounts for a multilingual milieu. It thus considers the contributions of precolonial Hindi and Persian literatures to a reading of Arabic in Hindustan.
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Sharda, Ratan. "Struggle Against the Empire: Other Organisations and Cultural Nationalism." Indian Historical Review 49, no. 1_suppl (June 2022): S120—S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836221112700.

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Dr B. R. Ambedkar noted that any freedom struggle or political change needs a base of cultural renaissance, reforms—both social and religious. Our retaliation against colonialists began from the very moment they tried to colonise India. Beginning with the Battle of Colachel that took place in 1741, there were uprisings from tribes in North East, Bengal and central India. Kuka Sikhs were the first to promote swadeshi, with the insistence on wearing hand woven clothes. This freedom struggle had many streams—earlier battles all over Bharat, revolutionary actions, organised arm struggle like Azad Hind Fauj (INA) and many streams of political thought that worked under the larger umbrella of the Indian National Congress while some worked independently. We had Home Rule League, Hindu Mahasabha, Swaraj Party and Congress Socialist Party (CSP). It was a long drawn struggle that was built on dharmic renaissance and cultural nationalism sparked by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. After working with revolutionaries and Congress party and studying history, Dr K. B. Hedgewar identified the problem of Bharat as a fractious Hindu society and the collective amnesia inculcated by the British. He decided to create a non-political organisation by first preparing battle-worthy citizens and founded the RSS. Contrary to critics’ claims, RSS too contributed to freedom struggle. Most important was its role on the eve of Independence in protecting Hindu-Sikh brethren from mindless violence and rehabilitating them when the leaders were busy celebrating the country’s independence on 15 August in 1947.
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Roy, Kaushik. "Axis Satellite Armies of World War II: A Case Study of the Azad Hind Fauj, 1942–45." Indian Historical Review 35, no. 1 (January 2008): 144–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360803500107.

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Roy, Purabi. "Indian National Army: Netaji’s Secret Service." Indian Historical Review 49, no. 1_suppl (June 2022): S168—S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836221115896.

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Netaji’s Secret Service ‘Indian National Army’ essentially revolutionary organisation. It is well known the leftist played a crucial role in Subhas Bose getting elected as the President of the Tripuri Congress. In 1939 found the Left Consolidation Committee (LCC), but the tenuous coalition of the leftists in the Committee soon broke but CPI remained with Bose. However, after the Second World War broke out, Bose decided to leave India. The Communists helped Subhas in his escape; the main operator was Achhar Singh Chhina, who was best known by the Soviets as Larkin, Akbar Mia of Forward Bloc and Ajoy Ghosh of CPI. Bose’s after the escape to contact the Soviet leaders for enlisting them as India’s ally, was also helped by the communists. In the War theatre, Subhas Bose Was in favour of Link. Before his departure, All India Revolutionary Committee code-named ‘MARY’ in Delhi communicated with Kabul link station codenamed ‘OlIVER’ and with German link codenamed ‘TOM’. T. Holt Writes ‘channel “SILVER” was one of the great deception double agent channels of the war, real name Bhagat Ram Talwar’. 1 ‘SILVER’ the game Master, one of the closest person of Bose, was a communist, a Master of disguise, Knowledgeable about the various revolutionaries Movements in India. Silver kept the soviet posted on his work as the Link between the Axis legation in Kabul and Bose sympathisers in India. Silver’s intelligence system as a high-grade source. But Silver remained a Communist first and foremost, and whenever he entered Afghanistan, practical control passed to the Soviets. Eventually Bose could make his way to Rangoon where a new arrangement was made by the Axis. Subhas codenamed ‘RHINO’ sponsored by the Japanese and codename ‘ELEPHANT’ sponsored by the Germans to remain in touch with ‘MARY’ in Delhi. Netaji set up a pro-Axis Provisional Government of Free India in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. PG operated successfully military deception plans with military intelligent tactics. Netaji began to broadcast anti-British Propaganda as the Voice of Azad Hind. He made it clear that neither his armed forces nor his Azad Hind Radio Service could be used for anti-Soviet purposes. Unfortunately, the strategic deception role of Netaji remained secret for decades.
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Toipah, Toipah. "TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN ATAS PROBLEMATIKA LINTAS AGAMA: KAJIAN ATAS TAFSIR TARJUMAN AL-QUR’AN KARYA MAWLANA ABUL KALAM AZAD." QOF 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/qof.v1i1.930.

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This article discusses the book of tafsir, Tarjuman al-Qur'an, by Mawlana Abul Kalam Azad (W. 1958 AD). Azad is one of the commentator (of the Qur’an) and politicians who were born in the minority in India, where India is a predominantly Hindu country. In this case, Azad wants Islam and Hinduism to co-exist. Azad thought is considered controversial because the Islamic reformers in India, we can call Sayyid Ahmad Khan who crave a separate country that became a home for Muslims. Azad has an offer of interpretation that is different from other commentators of his time related to the unity of religions. From here the authors formulate some problems. First, how is the anatomy of the Tarjuman al-Qur'an and what the methodology used by Azad in his interpretation ?. Secondly, what does Azad offer to the multicultural problems of religion ?. To answer that question, the writer uses approach of comparative study between book of interpretation. The method used in writing this article is descriptive-comparative. In his interpretation, Azad is not only interpreting a single conviction, but rather a variety of beliefs, such as the concept of al-din and illah. He interprets the Qur'an by emphasizing the unity of religion that he thinks. The interpretation is of course based on the context that colored him at the time of compilation of the interpretation.
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Dr. Misbah Umar and Fozia Umar. "The Ideals of Islam in Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s Thoughts and Political Practices: An Appraisal." Al Basirah 10, no. 01 (June 30, 2021): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/albasirah.v10i01.65.

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The article attempts to explore and describe the ideals of Islam as perceived and practised by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) at various stages of his life. Starting from religious conservatism received from his family, Maulana Azad moved towards rationalism at first and then to Pan-Islamism before finally committing to humanism. In this process of intellectual progression, his perception of Islam and its ideals changed as his social and political interactions changed over time. These changing contours of Maulana Azad‟s thoughts found manifestation in the political practices he carried out from various platforms. Islam served as a great source of legitimation in his political practices. Inspiration for Islamic revivalism drew him into political activities aimed at serving the Muslim cause and fighting British imperialism. Maulana Azad‟s sentiments and aspirations for Islam and Muslims echoed loudly during the Khilafat Movement which brought him closer to communal harmony and also resulted in his lasting association with the Indian National Congress. Whatever the platform he utilised, for Maulana Azad Muslim uplift remained a constant and prime concern in politics which he, ultimately, came to believe could be achieved by Hindu-Muslim unity as a single force against the British colonial power.
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Ali, Md Yousuf, and Osman Bakar. "ABUL KALAM AZAD’S IDEA OF RELIGIOUS PLURALISM FOR AN INCLUSIVE INDIAN NATIONALISM: A CIVILIZATIONAL REVISIT." Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) 28, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 343–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v28i2.1720.

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Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958), the first Minister of Education in independent India, was a towering figure in the modern subcontinent. A freedom fighter against British colonial rule following the steps of Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898), an Islamic thinker, and a champion of Hindu-Muslim unity, Azad was an intellectual-activist advocating an inclusive Indian nationalism. This article focuses on Azad’s idea of religious pluralism based on the doctrine of unity of religions (wahdat al-adyan) and how he related it to his vision of an inclusive Indian nationalism. It discusses the main ideas embodied in this vision, especially the interrelated ideas of national unity and integrity, communal solidarity and harmony, cultural cohesion, and the need for a comprehensive education system that would serve national unity and the well-being of all Indians. Azad’s idea of unity of religions is articulated in his well-known exegetical work The Tarjuman al-Qur’an, especially in his commentary on the “Opening Chapter” (Surah al-Fatihah) of the Qur’an. This article also shows that Azad emphasized on common religious and cultural values as a means of embracing others for partnership in a national unity movement.
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Saba, Noor Us, Sohail Nawaz, and Adnan Anwar. "A Case Study of Radha Krishna Temple Muzaffarabad: Art and Architecture." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. I (March 30, 2023): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-i).42.

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The capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is Muzaffarabad, a city that has had a significant historical impact that continues now. Its rich cultural past reflects its unique heritage and historical influences because it is the capital of Azad Jammu Kashmir and is located on historic traveller routes.The district is home to many historical sites that provide proof of its prior civilizational history. Any civilization's living monuments and architectural remains represent the legacy and historic importance of the area. The buildings and construction techniques are passed down through the architectural monuments and ruins, but they also transmit the practices, traditions, and religious beliefs of the different cultures. With the current study, two important aspects of the Hindu legacy that exists in the city's core are covered in depth. The architectural components come first, followed by the interior paintings and frescoes painted inside the temple.
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Fatima, Noor, and Ding Yang. "An updated catalogue of true flies (Insecta: Diptera) from northern Pakistan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 12 (December 26, 2022): 22232–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7841.14.12.22232-22259.

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We present the first comprehensive catalogue of true flies from the northernmost territories of Pakistan, including Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. In the current inventory, 64 genera and 153 species in 16 families are being documented. The total number of known species has been updated based on the availability of taxonomic literatures from Pakistan. In 2007, Insect Fauna of Azad Jammu & Kashmir was updated and it lists only 16 known species in order Diptera where as there is no such documented information so far available on the dipterous fauna of Gilgit-Baltistan. However, during the last few decades, relatively a few studies have been conducted on some major group of flies, i.e., Syrphidae, Sepsidae, Calliphoridae, and Tephritidae from Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Among these, Syrphidae represents 53 species which is the highest number of species recorded, followed by Sepsidae and Calliphoridae with 20 and 18 species, respectively. The present diversity does not reflect the true species account in the northern areas; the important biogeographic area that exhibits a very heterogeneous fauna, not only because of the high mountains with valleys (the Hindu Kush and Karakoram ranges of the Western Himalayas) but also the junction points of the world’s two largest zoogeographical regions (the Oriental and Palaearctic). Some common families, i.e., Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Bombyliidae, Muscidae, Conopidae, Pipinculidae, Tachinidae, and some other families which are common in high mountainous regions of northern Pakistan still need to be explored in the future studies. The complete locality data for each valid species are presented as the baseline for future studies from northern areas of Pakistan, i.e., Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.
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Borkent, Art. "The Lower Cretaceous male ofLebanoculicoides daheri– belonging to the earliest lineage of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.4.

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AbstractRe-examination of the male biting midge ofLebanoculicoides daheriChoufani, Azar, and Nel (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), in 127 million-year-old Lebanese amber, revealed further features and details of morphological, phylogenetic, and bionomic importance. The phylogenetic position of the fossil genusLebanoculicoidesSzadziewski as the sister group of all remaining extant and extinct Ceratopogonidae is confirmed. A revised key to all four known species of this genus is provided. A permanently erect antennal plume is hypothesised as an additional synapomorphy ofAustroconopsWirth and Lee and two Cretaceous fossil genera,MinyoheleaBorkent andArchiaustroconopsSzadziewski. The presence of a hind tibial comb and more distal row of spines is considered a synapomorphy of all Culicomorpha other than Chironomidae, with some secondary losses within this group.
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Books on the topic "Azad Hind"

1

Sabri, Imdad. Imam-ul-Hind Maulana Azad. Karachi: Maktaba Rashid, 1986.

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1920-, Bose Sisir Kumar, and Bose Sugata, eds. Azad Hind: Writings and speeches, 1941-43. London: Anthem Press, 2004.

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History of provisional Government of Azad Hind. Chandigarh: Unistar Books, 2013.

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Ramu, P. S. Azad Hind Fauj (I.N.A.) and the freedom movement. New Delhi, India: Freedom Movement Memorial Committee, 1998.

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Burma to Japan with Azad Hind: A war memoir 1941-1945. Olympia Fields, IL: Lancer, 2009.

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S, Ramu P., and Freedom Movement Memorial Committee (New Delhi, India), eds. Subhas Chandra Bose' agenda for Azad Hind: India after independence : selected speeches of Subhas Chandra Bose. New Delhi: Freedom Movement Memorial Committee, 2000.

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Giani, Kesar Singh. Indian independence movement in East Asia: The most authentic account of the I.N.A. and the Azad Hind Government, compiled from the original official records. Siliguri: N.L. Publishers in association with National Library, 2011.

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Maulana Azad National Urdu University, ed. Maulānā Āzād kā taṣavvur-i qaumiyat: Kul Hind bain jāmiʻātī taḥrīrī muqāble men̲ shāmil maqālah jāt kā majmūʻah = Maulana Azad ka tassavor-e-qaumiyat. Ḥaidarābād: Maulānā Āzād Neshnal Urdū Yūnīvarsiṭī, 2012.

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Library, Maulana Azad. Hinduism in Aligarh manuscripts: Descriptive catalogue of Persian mss. of Maulana Azad Library, A.M.U., Aligarh : on Hindu legends, philosophy & faith. Patna: Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, 1994.

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Ponvannan, Gayathri. Vanguards of Azad Hind. Penguin Books India PVT, Limited, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Azad Hind"

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Dutt, Sandeep, Faisal Hayat, and Ritika. "Recipe to Revive." In The Speaking Window, 203–10. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9789391050733.003.0039.

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Abstract The chapter unfolds the story of a 19-year-old daughter of a postmaster, Shakuntala Malhotra who was born in Lahore and brought up in Lyallpur. She was living in Delhi in a two-bedroom flat with her husband at the time of partition. She tells how she went back with her husband to take some belongings in Lyallpur which was an ordeal in itself that still gives her shivers every time she recalls them. She also talks about her uncle who was posted in Azad Hind Army. Narrating her story from the United States, her Punjabi vegetarian recipes get published weekly in the paper she wishes only if she had a recipe to revive …
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Hameed, Syeda Saiyidain. "Hindu–Muslim Unity." In Maulana Azad, Islam and the Indian National Movement, 168–90. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199450466.003.0009.

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Frankel, Francine R. "Kashmir." In When Nehru Looked East, 54–99. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190064341.003.0003.

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India’s suspicion of US motives set in during the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir in 1950, after the Hindu maharaja of Muslim majority Kashmir acceded to India. Great Britain, considering that Kashmir should join Muslim-majority Pakistan and that India-Pakistan cooperation was essential to Commonwealth defense, feared India could exercise its legal right to self-defense after tribesmen aided by Pakistan invaded across the northern border. Foreign Office records reveal how the British acted behind the scenes in the UN Security Council to block a discussion of India’s request to remove the tribesmen from Azad Kashmir as the condition for holding a plebiscite. The United States, influenced by the British, appeared to Nehru as the power behind the hostility toward India, while seeking a Cold War bastion in Kashmir.
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Sohal, Amar. "Introduction." In The Muslim Secular, 1–34. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198887638.003.0001.

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Abstract During the twentieth century, many political actors and theorists across the globe believed that the religious partition was a solution to the democratic problem of numbers. To compensate for their numerical weakness, minorities were often turned into sovereign nations. This Introduction lays out the conceptual framework that animated the Indian Muslim refusal of this triumphant logic. Swimming against the tide of Pakistani nationalism, a set of eminent Muslim thinker-politicians associated with the Indian independence movement recognized the structural significance of a consenting minority to the formation of a plural democracy. Leaning on Islam’s universalism to extend its ambitions beyond political separatism, they not only endorsed but deepened a uniquely Indian nationalist rendering of the secular. By remaking the Indian Muslim concept of parity, championing regional particularity, and engaging with the shifting meaning of sovereignty over historical time, the likes of Abul Kalam Azad, Sheikh Abdullah, and Abdul Ghaffar Khan charted a third way to nationalism. On the one hand, and in the hope of averting its own minoritization, the Muslim secular challenged the abstractions of its Hindu friends, M.K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. On the other, it critiqued Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s campaign for Pakistan since it institutionalized rather than dispelled India’s identitarian animosities.
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