Academic literature on the topic 'AZ91D matrix'

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Journal articles on the topic "AZ91D matrix"

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Jia, Suqiu, Shu Sheng Jia, Guangping Sun, and Jun Yao. "The Corrosion Behaviour of Mg Alloy AZ91D/TiCp Metal Matrix Composite." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.705.

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The corrosion of a magnesium-based MMC, comprising a AZ91D alloy matrix and 5 vol% titanium carbide particles has been studied in saline environments, using immersion and electrochemical tests. Corrosion was localized initially and developed subsequently into general corrosion , the local corrosion rate of AZ91D/TiCp being faster than diecast AZ91D due to the formation of less protective corrosion products. Galvanic corrosion for AZ91D/TiCp, due to coupling of the matrix and reinforcement, was more severe than diecast AZ91D.
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Huang, Kaijin, Lin Chen, Xin Lin, Haisong Huang, Shihao Tang, and Feilong Du. "Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coating Deposited on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy by Laser Cladding." Entropy 20, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120915.

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In order to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of an AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate, an Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy coating was successfully prepared on an AZ91D magnesium alloy surface by laser cladding using mixed elemental powders. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure of the coating. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating were evaluated by dry sliding wear and potentiodynamic polarization curve test methods, respectively. The results show that the coating was composed of a simple FCC solid solution phase with a microhardness about 3.7 times higher than that of the AZ91D matrix and even higher than that of the same high-entropy alloy prepared by an arc melting method. The coating had better wear resistance than the AZ91D matrix, and the wear rate was about 2.5 times lower than that of the AZ91D matrix. Moreover, the main wear mechanisms of the coating and the AZ91D matrix were different. The former was abrasive wear and the latter was adhesive wear. The corrosion resistance of the coating was also better than that of the AZ91D matrix because the corrosion potential of the former was more positive and the corrosion current was smaller.
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Wang, Xiao Ying, Yu Tao Zhao, Gang Chen, Song Li Zhang, and Xiao Nong Cheng. "In Situ Fabrication and Properties of Mg2Si/AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1640.

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Mg2Si/AZ91D magnesium matrix composites are fabricated from AZ91D-Al2(SiO3)3 system by direct melt reaction method. The effects of the variation Al2(SiO3)3 addition contents to the microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites are investigated. The results show that the amounts of Mg2Si particles are increased and the structures of AZ91D magnesium alloy are refined with the Al2(SiO3)3 content increasing. When the additional content of Al2(SiO3)3 is 3wt.%, the tensile strength of the composite reaches 178.6MPa, which is increased by nearly 14.5% than that of AZ91D matrix alloy.
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Tian, Jun. "Effect of Fiber Volume Fraction on High Temperature Creep of Al2O3-SiO2(sf)/AZ91D Composite." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.548.

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Constant stress tensile creep tests were conducted on AZ91D–20 vol.%, 25 vol.%, and 30 vol.% Al2O3-SiO2short fiber composites and on an unreinforced AZ91D matrix alloy. The creep resistance of the reinforced materials is shown to be considerably improved compared with the matrix alloy. With the increasing volume fraction of short fibers, the creep resistance of AZ91D composites is improved, and their creep threshold stresses are also increased accordingly. Because of the increasing volume fraction of short fibers, loads of bearing and transmission of short fibers will increase, and thus the creep resistance of AZ91D composites further improves, but the precipitation of β-Mg17Al12precipitate increases in the number, it is easy to soften coarse, so that threshold stress of AZ91D composite does not increase greatly.
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Xia, Cun Juan, Ming Liang Wang, Hao Wei Wang, and Cong Zhou. "The Effect of Aluminum Content on TiO2 Coated Carbon Fiber Reinforced Magnesium Alloy Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.30.

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The interface between the reinforcement and the matrix is significant to metal matrix composites. The effect of aluminum (Al) content on interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of TiO2coated carbon fiber reinforced magnesium matrix composites by squeeze casting technique have been studied (C/Mg). Mg-2wt%Al and AZ91D were used as alloy matrix. The obtained results indicate that the carbon fibers in both kinds of composites are well protected by TiO2coating, without any interfacial brittle carbide phase observed. The flexural strength of Cf-TiO2/AZ91D (1009MPa) composites is 26.5% lower than that of Cf-TiO2/Mg-2Al (1277MPa) composites. The lath-shaped precipitates of Mg17Al12in AZ91D composites lead to the mechanical properties decrease.
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Yu, Si Rong, Zhi Qiu Huang, and Jia An Liu. "Thermodynamics of In Situ Formation of Mg2Si and MgO in AZ91D /Flyash Composites." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.378.

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Novel AZ91D Mg alloy/fly-ash cenospheres (AZ91D/FAC) composites were fabricated by melt stir technique. The thermodynamic analyses of the interfacial reactions, the microstructure observation, and the phase analyses of the AZ91D/FAC composites were investigated. The results showed that the cenospheres were almost filled with Mg alloy matrix. In-situ MgO and Mg2Si phases were formed in Mg alloy matrix and near the interfaces between the cenospheres and Mg alloy matrix. Through the thermodynamic calculation, it can be found that the standard free enthalpy changes of these interfacial reactions are all negative at the temperature of Mg alloy melt preparation in this work, and these reactions can occur.
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Li, Changyun, Erkuo Yang, Ling Tang, Yang Li, and Lei Xu. "Compression Properties and Fabrication of Closed-Cell Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams Al2O3hs/AZ91D." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 6873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196873.

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Closed-cell metal syntactic foam is a new material consisting of hollow spheres embedded in metal matrix syntactic foams. These foams have good physical and mechanical properties and are increasingly used worldwide in industrial and high-tech fields. Magnesium matrix syntactic foams containing hollow Al2O3 spheres ((Al2O3hs)/AZ91D) were successfully fabricated by hot press sintering at different temperatures. The fabrication of Al2O3hs/AZ91D and the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties are reported in this paper. Additionally, sandwiched magnesium matrix syntactic foams were prepared by placing magnesium plates on both sides of the syntactic foam. Some Al2O3hs particles became filled with matrix particles during preparation. Thus, the actual density was greater than the theoretically calculated value and increases with increasing sintering temperature. Above 723 K, a brittle phase MgAl2O4 formed in Al2O3hs/AZ91D. The quasistatic and dynamic compressive strengths of Al2O3hs/AZ91D first increased and then decreased with increasing sintering temperature, and the maximums were 162 MPa and 167.87 MPa, respectively. Thus, this paper reports a new strategy for the controlled preparation of metal matrix syntactic foams with predetermined porosity. The results show that this strategy improved the performance of lightweight and high-strength syntactic foam materials and shows potential for further research.
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Raju, G. U., Vinod Kumar V. Meti, N. R. Banapurmath, T. M. Yunus Khan, I. G. Siddhalingeshwar, Vishal Vaikunte, Chandramouli Vadlamudi, Sanjay Krishnappa, A. M. Sajjan, and Adarsh Patil. "Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fiber Reinforcements on the Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Hybrid Mg-AZ91D Nanocomposites." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176181.

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Magnesium matrix composites are extensively used in automotive and structural applications due to their low density, high strength, and wear-resistant properties. To reach the scope of industry needs, research is carried out regarding enhancing the mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composites by reinforcing the nano-sized reinforcements. In the present work, research has been carried out to enhance the properties of the magnesium AZ91D hybrid composite by reinforcing carbon fibers (CFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with varying weight percentages (AZ91D + 0.5% CF’s + 0.5% MWCNT and AZ91D + 0.75% CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT, respectively). The experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical and tribological behavior of the composites. The test results showed that the addition of CF and MWCNT reinforcements improved the hybrid Mg composite’s hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength compared to the base Mg matrix. The AZ91D + 0.75% CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT hybrid composite showed a 19%, 35%, and 66% increased hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength, respectively, compared to the base Mg AZ91D. The wear test results also showed the improved wear resistance of the Mg composite compared to the base matrix. The enhanced wear resistance of the composite is due to the addition of hard MWCNT and CF reinforcements. The wear rate of the AZ91D + 0.75%CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT composite for a load of 30 N at a sliding distance of 1500 m is lower as compared to the base matrix. The SEM micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed the existence of abrasive wear. The improved mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composite is also due to the homogeneous distribution of the hard reinforcement particles along the grain boundaries.
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Gobara, Mohamed, and Mohamed Shamekh. "Corrosion behavior of in situ (TiC-TiB2)p/AZ91 magnesium matrix composites in Harrison solution." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-04-2013-1258.

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Purpose – This paper aims to study both the mechanical properties and the corrosion behavior of the synthesized in situ (TiC-TiB2) particulates/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite and compare the results with that of the conventional AZ91D alloy. Design/methodology/approach – Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the surface morphology and crystalline structure. Mechanical compression tests were used to investigate the mechanical performance according to ASTM E9-89a. The corrosion behavior of the synthesized magnesium alloy was examined using both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques in dilute Harrison solutions. Findings – The microstructure of the Mg composite showed a uniform distribution of reinforcing phases. Also, the reinforcing phases were formed without residual intermediate phases. The addition of titanium and boron carbides not only enhanced the mechanical properties of the matrix but also improve its corrosion behavior. Originality/value – This is the first time that magnesium matrix composite has been to synthesized with TiC and TiB2 particulates starting from starting from Ti and B carbides powder without adding aluminium using practical and low-cost technique (in situ reactive infiltration technique). This paper studies the corrosion behavior of synthesized Mg matrix in dilute Harrison solution and compares the results with that of conventional AZ91D.
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Huang, Song Jeng, Yo Zhi Dai, and Yeau Ren Jeng. "Volume Fraction Effects of Silicon Carbide on the Wear Behavior of SiCp-Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.11.

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This paper investigated the volume fraction effect of micro-sized SiC on the tribological behavior of SiCp reinforced AZ91D Mg-based metal-matrix composites (MMCs). The Mg MMCs were prepared by the melt-stirring technique for wear tests. The hardness and coefficient of friction of Mg MMCs increase as increasing volume fraction of SiC particle in MMCs. The SiCp/AZ91D MMCs exhibit superior wear resistance under lower and moderate sliding condition. However, the effects of the SiC particle reinforcements on wear resistance are not as conclusive under severe sliding condition (50N-1500 rpm for all vol.% of MMCs, 50N-1000rpm for 3 vol. % MMCs), since the matrix of MMCs were softened at elevated temperature under such severe condition. However, the incorporation of SiC particles could enhance the wear resistance of AZ91D matrix alloy for most of the sliding conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AZ91D matrix"

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CHEN, CHIH-YI, and 陳志亦. "Processing of AZ91D/SiCp magnesium matrix composite." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67294651779601581396.

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碩士
國立中正大學
機械系
93
Abstract Due to the petroleum crisis, vehicle weight reduction has been recognized as the main stream of the vehicle technology development. This study tries to use the lightweight materials to achieve the purpose of weight reduction. In general, lightweight materials are aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloy is the lightest structural material, but has smaller elastic modulus, tensile strength and yield strength than that of aluminum alloy. Hence, we want to use the magnesium alloy based metal matrix composite materials as the lightweight materials, in order to improve the elastic modulus, yield strength, creep life...et al. , which is also the goal of this thesis. We try to make magnesium matrix composites with mirco-sized SiC particles. This experiment first uses the simple casting system to fabricate the magnesium matrix composites and discuss the influence of adding different size and different volume ratio SiC particles on AZ91. The experimental results reveal that the hardness of AZ91D adds SiC particles is better than AZ91D. The SiC size has not affected to AZ91D. There is a trend that the hardness of different SiC particle sizes increases with the volume ratio of the SiC within AZ91D.
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Chang, Hong-Wei, and 張紘瑋. "Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Matrix Composites Prepared by Different Ratios of MoS2 and WS2." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tp62rg.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
107
The main purpose of this study is to use AZ91 magnesium alloy as matrix and use WS_2 and MoS2 as the reinforcement particles to produce Magnesium-based composites. In addition, the amount of 0.5, 1 wt.% reinforcement particles were added respectively into matrix by gravity casting. After casting the prepared ingot were used to test the mechanical properties, microstructure. Disscusions of effects about different ratio and reinforcement particles will be included in this study. From the experimental results it can be found that the grain size tend to decrease compared with the pure magnesium alloys. Due to the grain refinement,the material's Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and ductily can effectively improve. And the 0.5wt. % WS2 Magnesium-based composites have the best mechanical properties. After T4 heat treatment, the β-Mg_17 Al_12 phase can still found on the Magnesium-based composites, because the AZ91 magnesium alloy has more aluminium inside the alloy, and we can discover some Al-Mn phase, the precipitation of this phase increase the ductility of the material. Also it can be found that Mg_2 Si phase exist in the Magnesium-based composites added by micron WS_2 particles, this precipitations enhance the mechanical properties of the Magnesium-based composites.
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Book chapters on the topic "AZ91D matrix"

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Jia, Suqiu, Shu Sheng Jia, Guangping Sun, and Jun Yao. "The Corrosion Behaviour of Mg Alloy AZ91D/TiCp Metal Matrix Composite." In Materials Science Forum, 705–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-968-7.705.

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Zhang, Congyang, Wenzhen Li, and Weidong Xue. "Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Carbontubes Reinforced AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Compositesprepared by Squeeze Casting." In PRICM, 1463–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch184.

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Zhang, Congyang, Wenzhen Li, and Weidong Xue. "Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Tubes Reinforced AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Composites Prepared by Squeeze Casting." In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 1463–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_184.

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Satish Kumar, N., G. G. Sozhamannan, and V. S. K. Venkatachalapathy. "An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of (AZ91D Mg Alloy + Graphene) Metal Matrix Composite." In Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability, 33–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6482-3_4.

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Li, S. B., Ming Yi Zheng, Wei Min Gan, and Kun Wu. "Hot Deformation Behavior of SiCw/AZ91 Magnesium Matrix Composite in Compression." In Materials Science Forum, 893–96. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.893.

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Wang, Y. Q., Ming Yi Zheng, and Kun Wu. "Characterization of Wear and Corrosion Protective Coatings Formed on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy and SiCw/AZ91 Magnesium Matrix Composite by Microarc Oxidation." In Materials Science Forum, 823–26. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-968-7.823.

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Qiu, X., Xiao Jun Wang, Ming Yi Zheng, and Kun Wu. "Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiCp/AZ91 Mg Matrix Composites Fabricated by Squeeze Casting." In Materials Science Forum, 499–502. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-432-4.499.

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Chang, Hai, Xiao Jun Wang, Ming Yi Zheng, and Kun Wu. "Effect of ECAP on the Microstructure and Tensile Property of SiCp/AZ91 Magnesium Matrix Composite." In Key Engineering Materials, 1342–45. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.1342.

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Gan, Wei Min, Ming Yi Zheng, S. B. Li, and Kun Wu. "Compressive Behavior of Extruded SiCw/AZ91 at Temperatures close to and above the Solidus of the Matrix Alloy." In Materials Science Forum, 827–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-968-7.827.

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Wu, Kun, Y. Q. Wang, and Ming Yi Zheng. "Growth and Microstructure of Microarc Oxidation Coating on Al18B4w/AZ91 Mg Matrix Composite." In Materials Science Forum, 543–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-432-4.543.

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Conference papers on the topic "AZ91D matrix"

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Lan, Jie, and Xiaochun Li. "Magnesium Matrix Nano-Composite Fabricated by Ultrasonic Dispersion of Nano-Sized SiC Particles in Molten Magnesium Alloy." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61408.

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The use of ultrasonic nonlinear effects to disperse nano-sized ceramic particles in molten metal has been studied and nanosized SiC particle reinforced AZ91D magnesium composites were fabricated. The microstructure of the composites was investigated by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photo spectroscopy (XPS) and high resolution X-Ray Diffractometer(XRD) techniques. Experimental results show a nearly uniform distribution and good dispersion of the SiC nanoparticles within the magnesium matrix, although some of small agglomerates (less than 300nm) were found in matrix. The microhardness of composites have been improved significantly compared to that of pure AZ91D. The ultrasonic fabrication methodology is striking to rapidly produce a wide range of nano-sized particles reinforced metal matrix composites.
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Wang, Xiaomin, Peiqing La, Hailian Chao, and Hui Nan. "Electroless Ni-P-TiO2/Ni-P-SiC Composite Coating�s Corrosion Resistances on Mg2B2O5w/AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Composites." In 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.7.

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Park, Yong-Ha, Yong-Ho Park, Ik-Min Park, Jeong-jung Oak, Hisamichi Kimura, and Kyung-Mox Cho. "Fabrication and characterization of AZ91/CNT magnesium matrix composites." In Smart Materials, Nano-and Micro-Smart Systems, edited by Jung-Chih Chiao, Alex J. Hariz, David V. Thiel, and Changyi Yang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.810783.

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Anandan, Nishita, and M. Ramulu. "Study of Peripheral Milling of Magnesium Matrix Composite." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11436.

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Abstract An experimental investigation on peripheral milling of magnesium composite AZ91 magnesium matrix with 15 vol.% SiC particles of a nominal 3–4 μm was performed to study the cutting forces generated, surface finish of the machined surface and the tool wear as a function of cutting conditions. The feed force was found to increase with feed and spindle speed, while the thrust forces were found to increase with feed and no significant trend was observed with the increase in spindle speed. The feed and spindle speed were varied from 0.2 to 1 mm/rev and 1000 to 4000 rpm respectively. The length of cut was kept constant at 32 mm. The tool wear was measured along the helical cutting edge and the wear mechanism was studied through SEM images of the cutting edge. A tapered wear geometry was observed which can be attributed to the varying chip load along the helix. Abrasive wear was identified as the main wear mechanism. Micro-ploughing and micro-pitting were also observed. The extent of micro-ploughing and micro-pitting depended on the cutting condition. When the impact on the cutting edge was high during aggressive machining condition of 0.5 mm/rev and 4000 rpm, extensive micro-pitting and micro-ploughing were observed on the flute. The cutting edges appeared to be smooth due to repeated rubbing against SiC particles and wear debris.
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Thangavel, Thirugnana Sambandham, Chandradass Jeyaseelan, Baskara Sethupathi Paramathma, and Kannan Mahadevan. "Experimental Investigation of Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles Reinforced Magnesium Alloy (AZ91E) Metal Matrix Composite by Vacuum Stir Casting Method." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-28-0169.

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R, Senthilkumar, Ponnusamy P, and Prakash M. "The Effect of TiB2 on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of AZ91 Matrix Composites Manufactured by Cold Chamber Die Casting Process." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0425.

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Mrotzek, Tino, Jan Condé-Wolter, Thomas Behnisch, Maik Gude, Maria Barbosa, Stefan Scheitz, Davide Schultz, and Christoph Leyens. "Thermal Sprayed Aluminum Coatings Al99 and AlSi12 on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Magnesium-Alloy AZ91 for Integration in Aluminum-Cast Processes." In ITSC2019, edited by F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Koivuluoto, Y. Lau, H. Li, K. Shinoda, F. Toma, J. Veilleux, and C. Widener. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2019p0491.

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Abstract Aluminum castings have limited strength and stiffness and tend to exhibit brittle fracture behavior under fatigue loading. These properties can be significantly improved, however, as this study shows, by reinforcing cast aluminum parts with magnesium metal-matrix composite structures. In order to obtain a bond between the cast Al and fiber-reinforced Mg composite surfaces, Al alloy (Al99 and AlSi12) layers were deposited on the Mg structures by thermal spraying. The mechanical properties of the bonding were assessed via single-lap shear and adhesive tensile tests along with optical microsection analysis. Hybrid aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg castings incorporating coated Mg-MMC inserts were also produced and examined, validating the general approach, while revealing that heat input to the MMC structure must be reduced through design or process adaptations.
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