Journal articles: 'Axian, 1960-'

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TANDON, J. N. "Solar Terrestrial Relationships." MAUSAM 14, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v14i3.5458.

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The identification of moderate geomagnetic activity with various solar regions has been discussed in the light of the long sequences of annual variation (30 to -50 solar rotations) obtained from the analysis of geomagnetic activity of the low sunspot activity periods 1920-24, 1930-34, 1940-44 (no long sequences) and 1950-54 and solar axial hypothesis. On the basis of these identifications it is shown that the geomagnetic activity can broadly be grouped in three heads-(l) Intense geomagnetic storms, (2) disturbed M -storms and (3) quiet M-storms. Various features of these geomagnetic storms are qualitatively explained from the focussing of solar-ion streams taking account of the local and general solar a It is found that the streams emerging from the solar regions of large magnetic field may get dispersed, while they may come out in the form of concentrated streams from quiet solar regions which do not possess large magnetic fields. Further qualitative explanation for the formation of coronal plumes near the Sunspots and of coronal streamers around the sunspot minima have also been given.

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Qiu, Y. P., and G. J. Weng. "Elastic Moduli of Thickly Coated Particle and Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897198.

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Based on the models of Hashin (1962) and Hashin and Rosen (1964), the effective elastic moduli of thickly coated particle and fiber-reinforced composites are derived. The microgeometry of the composite is that of a progressively filled composite sphere or cylinder element model. The exact solutions of the effective bulk modulus κ of the particle-reinforced composite and those of the plain-strain bulk modulus κ23, axial shear modulus μ12, longitudinal Young’s modulus E11, major Poisson ratio ν12, of the fiber-reinforced one are derived by the replacement method. The bounds for the effective shear modulus μ and the effective transverse shear modulus μ23 of these two kinds of composite, respectively, are solved with the aid of Christensen and Lo’s (1979) formulations. By considering the six possible geometrical arrangements of the three constituent phases, the values of κ, and of κ23, μ12, E11, and ν12 are found to always lie within the Hashin-Shtrikman (1963) bounds, and the Hashin (1965), Hill (1964), and Walpole (1969) bounds, respectively, but unlike the two-phase composites, none coincides with their bounds. The bounds of μ and μ23 derived here are consistently tighter than their bounds but, as for the two-phase composites, one of the bounds sometimes may fall slightly below or above theirs and therefore it is suggested that these two sets of bounds be used in combination, always choosing the higher for the lower bound and the lower for the upper one.

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Wang, Yu, Lian-Wei Ye, Ru-yu Ruan, Ai-Jun Gao, and Yuan-Jian Tong. "High-temperature axial stress evolution mechanism of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502094885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020948857.

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Temperature and stretching are important factors in the high-temperature treatment of carbon fiber. The axial stress during carbon-fiber high-temperature treatment affects its ability to stretch. The high-temperature axial stress evolution mechanism of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber was studied through in situ tension tests, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermal expansion coefficient tests, and density methods. The high-temperature axial stress evolution of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber involved three stages: rapid increase, rapid decrease, and relaxation. The highest stress and relaxation temperatures of the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber were 1600°C and 1950°C, respectively. The main factors that affected the fiber axial stress included carbon-structure rearrangement and the effect of thermal expansion and cold shrinkage on fiber length. During the first stage ( T < 1600°C), carbon-structure rearrangement after nitrogen atom removal increased the fiber axial stress. In the second stage (1600 ⩽ T ⩽ 1950°C), the difference in the thermal expansion of fibers that entered the graphite furnace and the cold shrinkage of fibers that exited the graphite furnace increased gradually, which resulted in a decrease in fiber axial stress by up to 1950°C, where the fiber relaxed and the third stage ( T > 1950°C) began. The difference between expansion and shrinkage increased significantly, which increased fiber relaxation. Carbon fibers with fewer nitrogen atoms and more regular structures had a lower axial stress during high-temperature treatment, but the trend and characteristic temperature remained unchanged. The corresponding fiber high-temperature maximum stretching ratio and axial stress showed opposite trends below 1950°C. The ability to stretch the carbon fiber increased above 1950°C, which differed from the axial stress relaxation.

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Wennerstrom, A. J. "Low Aspect Ratio Axial Flow Compressors: Why and What It Means." Journal of Turbomachinery 111, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262280.

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One of the more visible changes that has occurred in fans and compressors for aircraft turbine engines that have entered development since about 1970 has been a significant reduction in the aspect ratio of the blading. This has brought with it a greatly reduced engine parts count and improved ruggedness and aeroelastic stability. This paper traces the evolution of thinking concerning appropriate aspect ratios for axial flow compressors since the early years of the aircraft turbine engine. In the 1950’s, moderate aspect ratios were favored for reasons of mechanical design. As mechanical design capability became more sophisticated, several attempts were made, primarily in the 1960s, to employ very high aspect ratios to reduce engine size and weight. Four of these programs are described that were largely unsuccessful for both mechanical and aerodynamic reasons. After 1970, the pendulum swung strongly in the other direction and designs of very low aspect ratio began to emerge. This has had a significant impact on compressor design systems, and a number of the ways in which design systems have been affected are discussed. Some concluding remarks are made concerning the author’s opinion of trends in the near future in aerodynamic design technology.

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Brunetie`re, Noe¨l. "A Modified Turbulence Model for Low Reynolds Numbers: Application to Hydrostatic Seals." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1829721.

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A modification of the Elrod and Ng turbulence model is presented. The order of magnitude of the Reynolds number in thin lubricant films varies between 102 and 105. For Reynolds numbers higher than 103, the fluid flow becomes turbulent. It is well accepted in lubrication to use a zero-equation turbulence model of the type developed by Constantinescu (1962, ASME J. Basic Eng., 84(1), pp. 139–151), Ng (1964, ASLE Trans., 7, pp. 311–321), Ng and Pan (1965, ASME J. Basic Eng., 87, pp. 675–688), Elrod and Ng (1967, ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 89, pp. 346–362), or Hirs (1973, ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 95, pp. 137–146). The Elrod and Ng approach is certainly the most efficient for combined pressure and shear flows where the Reynolds number is above 104. This paper proposes a modification of the Elrod and Ng model in order to ensure a good correlation with experimental data obtained with low Reynolds number turbulent flows. The present model, coupled with a scaling factor for taking into account the transition to turbulence, is therefore accurate for all of the typical Reynolds number values recorded in lubrication. The model is then applied to hydrostatic noncontacting face seals, which usually operate at Reynolds numbers varying from 103 to 104. The accuracy of the model is shown for this particular application of radial rotating flow. A special study is made of the transition to turbulence. The results are compared with those obtained using the initial Elrod and Ng model. The axial stiffness coefficient and the stability threshold are significantly affected by the turbulence model.

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Ferreira, Rita, M. Luísa Mascarenhas, and Andrey Piatnitski. "Spectral analysis in thin tubes with axial heterogeneities." Portugaliae Mathematica 72, no. 2 (2015): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/pm/1967.

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Bunn, H. T., A. Z. P. Mabulla, M. Domínguez-Rodrigo, G. M. Ashley, R. Barba, F. Diez-Martín, K. Remer, J. Yravedra, and E. Baquedano. "Was FLK North levels 1–2 a classic “living floor” of Oldowan hominins or a taphonomically complex palimpsest dominated by large carnivore feeding behavior?" Quaternary Research 74, no. 3 (November 2010): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.06.004.

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AbstractFrom excavation at FLK North levels 1–2 in 1960–1962, Mary Leakey reported approximately 1200 Oldowan artifacts and 3300 large mammal fossils as a hominin “living floor”. Preliminary taphonomic analysis by Bunn seemed supportive, based on the presence of some cut-marked bones, the concentration of several dozen bovid individuals, and the relative abundance of limbs and mandibles over other axial elements. Recent taphonomic analysis of Leakey's entire fossil assemblage by Domínguez-Rodrigo and Barba, however, documents a minor hominin role at the site, contrasted to the dominant role of carnivores. Felids brought prey animals; hyenas scavenged from abandoned felid meals. At different times, hominins butchered several bovids and discarded artifacts at this dynamic location. Since 2006, renewed excavations at FLK North and other sites by the Olduvai Paleoanthropology and Paleoecology Project (TOPPP) have expanded artifact and fossil samples and implemented new analytical approaches to clarify taphonomic histories of the Olduvai paleolandscape. At FLK North, > 1000 new large mammal fossils from levels 1 to 2 show minimal butchery evidence amid abundant evidence of carnivore gnawing/fracture, rodent gnawing, and sediment abrasion. To help guide future excavation and analyses, we have developed several alternative working hypotheses of site formation.

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LI, BAOQUAN, and XINZHENG LI. "Report on the turrid genera Gemmula, Lophiotoma and Ptychosyrinx (Gastropoda: Turridae: Turrinae) from the China seas." Zootaxa 1778, no. 1 (May 28, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1778.1.1.

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Based on the material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, the present paper reports 26 turrid species, which belong respectively to three genera of the subfamily Turrinae, including four new species, Gemmula grandigyrata sp. nov., Gemmula flata sp. nov., Lophiotoma pseudocosmoi sp. nov., and L. verticala sp. nov., and four species newly recorded from the China seas. Gemmula grandigyrata sp. nov. is peculiar in the genus in having a large conical protoconch of six whorls; Gemmula flata sp. nov. is similar to the “martini series Powell, 1964” in the shell profile, but can be easily separated from the species of this series by the shell sculpture; Lophiotoma pseudocosmoi sp. nov. differs from the close species of the genus Lophiotoma and a similar species of the genus Gemmula, G. cosmoi (Sykes, 1930), by the peripheral carina and the shell height; Lophiotoma verticala sp. nov looks like a species of genus Fusiturris, F. undatiruga (Bivona, 1832), but differs from the latter by the stronger axial fold, less conspicuous spiral folds, stronger peripheral carina and deeper sinus.

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Wennerstrom, A. J. "Highly Loaded Axial Flow Compressors: History and Current Developments." Journal of Turbomachinery 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927695.

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This paper discusses approaches taken over many years to achieve very high loading levels in axial-flow compressors. These efforts have been associated predominantly with aircraft turbine engines. The objective has been to reduce the size and weight of the powerplant, to increase its simplicity and ruggedness, and, whenever possible, to reduce cost. In the introduction, some fundamentals are reviewed that indicate that increased work per stage can only be obtained at a cost of increased Mach number, increased diffusion, or both. The earliest examples cited are some ambitious development programs of the 1950s and 1960s. Some innovative schemes to increase diffusion limits are described that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. Major advancements in dealing with higher Mach number were made in the 1980s. Finally, a few thoughts directed toward potential future developments are presented.

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Narayanan, Harish A., Venkatesh P. Krishnasamy, and Bradford J. Wood. "Tri-axial Biopsy Needle Cauterization During Splenic Biopsy." CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 41, no. 10 (February 28, 2018): 1624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-1910-7.

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Jensen, Hans J. Lundager. "Religionshistorie og aksetid." Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, no. 56 (March 8, 2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i56.4209.

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Artiklen præsenterer og diskuterer to artikler af den amerikanske religionssociolog Robert Bellah, “Religious evolution” fra 1964 og “What is Axial about the Axial Age?” (2005). I forhold til en generel mangel på interesse for en religionens historie (forskellig fra religionernes historie) blandt religionsvidenskabelige forskere anbefales Bellahs model som et frugtbart udgangspunkt for en revitalisering af en hæderværdig del af religionsvidenskaben, særlig når den kombineres med aktuelle diskussioner af ‘aksetiden’ og Merlin Donalds biokulturelle, kognitive model for hominid evolution.

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Ni, Wei-Tou. "On spacetime structure and electrodynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 11 (October 2016): 1603001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816030012.

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Electrodynamics is the most tested fundamental physical theory. Relativity arose from the completion of Maxwell–Lorentz electrodynamics. Introducing the metric [Formula: see text] as gravitational potential in 1913, versed in general (coordinate-)covariant formalism in 1914 and shortly after the completion of general relativity, Einstein put the Maxwell equations in general covariant form with only the constitutive relation between the excitation and the field dependent on and connected by the metric in 1916. Further clarification and developments by Weyl in 1918, Murnaghan in 1921, Kottler in 1922 and Cartan in 1923 together with the corresponding developments in electrodynamics of continuous media by Bateman in 1910, Tamm in 1924, Laue in 1952 and Post in 1962 established the premetric formalism of electrodynamics. Since almost all phenomena electrodynamics deal with have energy scales much lower than the Higgs mass energy and intermediate boson energy, electrodynamics of continuous media should be applicable and the constitutive relation of spacetime/vacuum should be local and linear. What is the key characteristic of the spacetime/vacuum? It is the Weak Equivalence Principle I (WEP I) for photons/wave packets of light which states that the spacetime trajectory of light in a gravitational field depends only on its initial position and direction of propagation, and does not depend on its frequency (energy) and polarization, i.e. nonbirefringence of light propagation in spacetime/vacuum. With this principle it is proved by the author in 1981 in the weak field limit, and by Lammerzahl and Hehl in 2004 together with Favaro and Bergamin in 2011 without assuming the weak-field condition that the constitutive tensor must be of the core metric form with only two additional degrees of freedom — the pseudoscalar (Abelian axion or EM axion) degree of freedom and the scalar (dilaton) degree of freedom (i.e. metric with axion and dilaton). In this paper, we review this connection and the ultrahigh precision empirical tests of nonbirefringence together with present status of tests of cosmic Abelian axion and dilaton. If the stronger version of WEP is assumed, i.e. WEP II for photons (wave packets of light) which states in addition to WEP I also that the polarization state of the light would not change (e.g. no polarization rotation for linear polarized light) and no amplification/attenuation of light, then no Abelian (EM) axion and no dilaton, and we have a pure metric theory.

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Clarke, John. "SQUIDs: THEN AND NOW." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 20n21 (August 30, 2010): 3999–4038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210056438.

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Following Brian Josephson's prediction in 1962, Anderson and Rowell observed Josephson tunneling in 1963. The following year, Jaklevic, Lambe, Silver and Mercereau demonstrated quantum interference in a superconducting ring containing two Josephson tunnel junctions. Subsequently, the first practical devices emerged, including the point-contact dc and rf SQUIDs (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices) of Zimmerman and Silver and Clarke's SLUG (Superconducting Low-inductance Undulatory Galvanometer) — a blob of solder frozen around a length of niobium wire. The return to the tunnel junction as the Josephson element was heralded by the cylindrical SQUID in 1976. The square washer dc SQUID developed by Ketchen and Jaycox in 1982 remains the workhorse design for most applications. Theories for the dc and rf SQUIDs were worked out in the 1970s. Today, SQUIDs (mostly dc) are used in a variety of configurations — for example, as magnetometers, gradiometers, cryogenic current comporators, low-frequency and microwave amplifiers, and susceptometers — in applications including magnetoencephalography, magnetocardiography, geophysics, nondestructive evaluation, precision gyroscopes, standards, cosmology, nuclear magnetic resonance, reading out superconducting quantum bits, and a myriad of one-of-a-kind experiments in basic science. Experiments are described to search for galaxy clusters, hunt for the axion, and perform magnetic resonance imaging in microtesla fields.

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Krupnik, Timothy J., Santiago Santos Valle, Shirazul Islam, Ayub Hossain, Mahesh K. Gathala, and Asad Sarwar Qureshi. "Energetic, Hydraulic and Economic Efficiency of Axial Flow and Centrifugal Pumps for Surface Water Irrigation in Bangladesh." Irrigation and Drainage 64, no. 5 (August 25, 2015): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.1940.

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Khaner, Oded, Eduardo Mitrani, and Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi. "Developmental potencies of area opaca and marginal zone areas of early chick blastoderms." Development 89, no. 1 (October 1, 1985): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.89.1.235.

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The marginal zone, in pregastrulating chick blastoderms, has been defined as the intermediate ring between the epiblast proper and the most external region, the area opaca (Spratt & Haas, 1960). Azar & Eyal-Giladi (1979) have shown that the marginal zone of a stage XIII blastoderm has the capacity of regenerating an inductive layer which when in contact with a competent stage XIII epiblast can cause the formation of axial structures. The present work demonstrates that at stage X (Eyal-Giladi & Kochav, 1976) the marginal zone can both induce and respond to its own inductive stimulus by forming an embryonic axis. By stage XIII the marginal zone seems to have lost its competence to respond to an inductive stimulus and cannot form an embryonic axis. It is further shown that at stages X-XIII the area opaca is neither competent to develop any sort of axial structures nor has the capacity to generate an inductive layer.

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Zhu, Yongjin, and Shuyun Jiang. "Axial Stiffness Analysis of Double-Nut Ball Screw Pair." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1965, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1965/1/012068.

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White, Raymond E., and Stephen J. Shawl. "Axial Ratios and Orientations for 100 Galactic Globular Star Clusters." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 126 (1988): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900042765.

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The non-spherical appearance of globular clusters was first noted by Pease and Shapley (1917) and discussed in some detail by Shapley (1930) who analyzed cluster shapes determined from star counts made by Helen Sawyer on the Franklin-Adams star charts. This classic work has provided most of the data set used in all subsequent discussions of cluster shapes. A number of studies reporting cluster shapes have appeared in the years since we began this project, the most recent of which include Geyer, Hopp and Nelles (1983), Frenk and Fall (1982), and Kadla et al. (1976, 1977).

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Rios Rodriguez, V., M. Essex, J. Rademacher, F. Proft, U. Löber, L. Marko, U. Pleyer, B. Siegmund, D. Poddubnyy, and S. Forslund. "OP0031 SHARED AND DISTINCT GUT MICROBIOME SIGNATURES IN PATIENTS WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND ITS RELATED IMMUNE-MEDIATED DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 17.1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1965.

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Background:Immune-mediated diseases such as spondyloarthritis (SpA) consistently coincide with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and frequently present with additional inflammatory pathologies such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Deep profiling of gut microbiota may reveal new pathways of how SpA and its related diseases are initiated and perpetuated.Objectives:To identify the presence of shared and specific gut microbiota signatures for SpA and its related diseases as a whole, as well as for the individual diseases, relative to healthy controls.Methods:Patients were recruited with a definite diagnosis of axial SpA, AAU or CD and were compared to controls (patients with back pain and previously ruled out SpA/CD/AAU diagnosis). All patients were naïve to or did not receive treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for at least 3 months before enrollment of the study. Fecal samples were collected and microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by computational analysis referencing the SILVA138 database. Nonparametric Wilcoxon tests were used to calculate differential abundances between binary groups, and the Spearman correlation was used with continuous covariates. Nested linear models and likelihood ratio tests were used to assess confounding with respect to patient characteristics, HLA-B27 expression, inflammatory markers, and the presence of other immune-mediated diseases.Results:A total of 300 patients were recruited for the study: 111 axial SpA, 110 AAU, and 79 CD patients and were compared to 63 control individuals. Fifty-three of patients were males with an age (mean±SD) of 39.1±12.3 years. The prevalence of HLA-B27 was 63.0% by patients compared to 7.9% by control individuals. A multivariate PERMANOVA test between the groups was significant (p<0.001), revealing a difference in overall composition between the groups.At the phylum level, patients with axial SpA, AAU and CD contained higher abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, and lower abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria compared to the control group. At the genus level, patients (with axial SpA, AAU and CD) displayed a shared gut microbiome signature differing from that of control individuals. Patients samples were strongly depleted in Blautia compared to the control group. Many of the differentially abundant taxa also correlated with increased inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), including a depletion of Fusicatenibacter, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 and Roseburia, as well as an enrichment of Lactobacillus and Veillonella. By looking at each separate disease phenotype, CD patients differed significantly from the control individuals with respect to many genera. These primarily consisted of depletions in Clostridiales (Roseburia, Coprococcus, Ruminococcaceae), and enrichments of pathogen-harboring genera such as Escherichia-Shigella and Fusobacterium. Axial SpA patients were uniquely enriched in Collinsella and Holdemanella and depleted in Cupriavidus; the enrichment of Lactobacillus and depletion of Blautia observed in all patient groups was also associated to the presence of axial SpA, though confounded by CRP. There were strong taxa associations to the presence of HLA-B27, including enrichment of Asteroleplasma, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Rominococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 and Rikenellaceae.Conclusion:There is a robust shared taxonomic signature among related immune-mediated diseases, in addition to individual disease phenotype signatures. Patients frequently exhibited a strong depletion in Blautia and an enrichment in Lactobacillus as well as pathogen-harboring genera such as Escherichia-Shigella and Fusobacterium.Figure 1.Taxa associations within and between the groups resulting from comparing each with the control group and accounting for disease concomitance and patient characteristics (FDR ≤ 0.05). AAU, anterior acute uveitis; CD, Crohn’s disease; SpA, spondyloarthritis.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Akgöl, G., A. Kamanli, and S. Ozgocmen. "SAT0244 Evidence for Inflammation Induced Bone Loss in Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 72, Suppl 3 (June 2013): A664.2—A664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1969.

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Stout, Eric, and Fazle Hussain. "External turbulence-induced axial flow and instability in a vortex." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 793 (March 16, 2016): 353–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.123.

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External turbulence-induced axial flow in an incompressible, normal-mode stable Lamb–Oseen (two-dimensional) vortex column is studied via direct numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations. Azimuthally oriented vorticity filaments, formed from external turbulence, advect radially towards or away from the vortex axis (depending on the filament’s swirl direction), resulting in a net induced axial flow in the vortex core; axial flow increases with increasing vortex Reynolds number ($Re=$ vortex circulation/viscosity). This contrasts the viscous mechanism for axial flow generation downstream of a lifting body, wherein an axial pressure gradient is produced by viscous diffusion of the swirl (Batchelor, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 20, 1964, pp. 645–658). Analysis of the self-induced motion of an arbitrarily curved external filament shows that any non-axisymmetric filament undergoes radial advection. We then studied the evolution of a vortex column starting with an imposed optimal transient growth perturbation. For a range of Re values, axial flow develops and initially grows as (time)$^{5/2}$ before decreasing after two turnover times; for $Re=10\,000$ – the highest computationally achievable – axial flow at late times becomes sufficiently strong to induce vortex instability. Contrary to a prior claim of a parent–offspring mechanism at the outer edge of the core, vorticity tilting within the core by axial flow is the underlying mechanism producing energy growth. Thus, external perturbations in practical flows (at $Re\sim 10^{7}$) produce destabilizing axial flow, possibly leading to the sought-after vortex breakup.

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Zhang-De, Lu. "Off-axial elliptical cosine-Gaussian beams and their propagation properties." Chinese Physics 16, no. 5 (May 2007): 1320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/16/5/026.

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Shu-Zheng, Yang, Jiang Qing-Quan, and Li Hui-Ling. "Quantum tunnelling radiation of Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton–Axion black hole." Chinese Physics 14, no. 12 (November 30, 2005): 2411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/14/12/007.

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Smith,, Leroy H. "Axial Compressor Aerodesign Evolution at General Electric." Journal of Turbomachinery 124, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1486219.

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This paper traces the origins of the GE Design System and how it has evolved from early methods to underlie and supplement present CFD methods, which are not themselves discussed herein. The two main elements of the detailed aero design process are vector diagram establishment and airfoil design. Their evolution is examined, and examples of how they were used to design some early GE compressors of interest are given. By the late 1950s, some transonic airfoil shapes were being custom tailored using internal blade station data from more complete radial equilibrium solutions. In the 1960s, rules for shaping transonic passages were established, and by the 1970s, custom tailoring was done for subsonic blading as well. The preliminary design layout process for a new compressor is described. It involves selecting an annulus shape and blading overall proportions that will allow a successful detailed design to follow. This requires establishment of stage loading limits that permit stall-free operation, and an efficiency potential prediction method for state-of-the-art blading. As design methods evolved, the newer approaches were calibrated with data-match experience, a process that is expected to always be needed.

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Alfonso, Veronica Angyallossy, and Hans Georg Richter. "Wood and Bark Anatomy of Buchenavia Eichl. (Combretaceae)1." IAWA Journal 12, no. 2 (1991): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001227.

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Wood and bark structure of Buchenavia (Combretaceae) was studied for infrageneric variation and taxonomic utility. Despite its wide neotropical distribution Buchenavia has a homogeneous wood anatomy, axial parenchyma distribution being the most variable feature. The presence or absence of septate fibres and presence and location of silica grains in ray and/or axial parenchyma might eventually allow recognition of individual species or species groups. Bark anatomy offers no diagnostic features for species differentiation. Wood and bark structure of Buchenavia (15 species studied) intergrades fully with that of neotropical Terminalia (5 species studied), thus corroborating results of studies on morphology (Exell ' Stace 1963) and leaf anatomy (Stace, personal communication, 1989) which postulate a very close relationship between the two genera.

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Trofimenko, Swiatoslaw, Fernando Jové, and Glenn P. A. Yap. "An unusual bis-heteroscorpionate complex with anomalous ligands: [tris(3,4-dibromo-5-phenylpyrazolyl)hydroborato][hydrotris(3-neopentylpyrazolyl)borato]nickel(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 11 (October 5, 2016): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616001376.

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Tridentate trispyrazolylborate (Tp) ligands, introduced by Trofimenko in 1966, have been widely utilized in metal coordination chemistry because of the relatively facile synthetic modification of their electronic and steric factors. The title heteroscorpionate, [Ni(C27H16BBr6N6)(C24H40BN6)], features one ligand, namely hydrotris(3-neopentylpyrazolyl)borate, that has previously displayed variable steric effects, and a brominated ligand, namely tris(3,4-dibromo-5-phenylpyrazolyl)hydroborate, that, atypical in trispyrazolylborate chemistry, coordinates such that the less bulky pyrazole substituent is oriented facing toward the metal ion. The potential molecular threefold symmetry in scorpionates can allow axial chirality. Although crystallized in the centrosymmetricP\overline{1} space group, a closer inspection of the structure of the title compound reveals axial diastereomers.

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Xiu-Hong, Pan, and Jin Wei-Qing. "Effect of axial vibration on free surface flows in cylindrical liquid." Chinese Physics 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2005): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/14/2/035.

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Silva, Yamile. "Narrar la violencia con voz femenina: Elisa Mujica, Alba Lucía Ángel y Laura Restrepo." Estudios de Literatura Colombiana, no. 21 (November 5, 2013): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.elc.17411.

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Al considerar que el topos de la violencia es un punto axial de la literatura colombiana, este artículo busca inscribir las novelas Catalina (1963), Estaba la pájara pinta sentada en su verde limón (1975) y Delirio (2004) dentro de dicha tradición. Al revisar los vínculos entre la corporalidad femenina como lugar simbólico de la alteridad y espacio de representación alegórica de la nación, se demostrará cómo el cuerpo de las protagonistas representa, de forma metonímica, la nación enferma: desde la infertilidad hasta el delirio. Descriptores: Elisa Mújica, Albalucía Ángel, Laura Restrepo, violencia, cuerpo femenino, nación, alteridad, poética de la descomposición, narrativa femenina colombiana. Abstract: Taking into account that the topos of the violence is an axial point in the Colombian Literature, the present article seeks to define the novels Catalina (1963), Estaba la pájara pinta sentada en su verde limón (1975) y Delirio (2004) as belonging to this practice. After revising links between the feminine corporeal as a symbolic space of the alterity and the space for allegoric representation of the nation, it is argued how the body of the main female characters represents, in a metonymical way, the ill nation: from infertility to delirium. Key words: Elisa Mújica, Albalucía Ángel, Laura Restrepo, violence, female body, nation, alterity, poetic of the decomposition, Colombian female narrative.

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Angelini, Gino, Alessandro Corsini, Giovanni Delibra, and Lorenzo Tieghi. "Exploration of Axial Fan Design Space with Data-Driven Approach." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 4, no. 2 (May 23, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp4020011.

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Since the 1960s, turbomachinery design has mainly been based on similarity theory and empirical correlations derived from experimental data and manufacturing experience. Over the years, this knowledge was consolidated and summarized by parameters such as specific speed and diameters that represent the flow features on the meridional plane, hiding however the direct correlations between all the actual design parameters (e.g., blade number or hub-to-tip ratio). Today a series of statistical tools developed for big data analysis sheds new light on correlations among turbomachinery design and performance parameters. In the following article we explore a dataset of over 10,000 axial fans by means of principal component analysis and projection to latent structures. The aim is to find correlations between design and performance features and comment on the capabilities of this approach to give new insights on the design space of axial fans.

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Chen, Jiahui, Qinghe Jing, Yating Tang, Dongjin Qian, Yi Lu, and Yongxiang Jiang. "Age Differences in Axial Length, Corneal Curvature, and Corneal Astigmatism in Marfan Syndrome with Ectopia Lentis." Journal of Ophthalmology 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1436834.

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Purpose. To investigate the differences in axial length, corneal curvature, and corneal astigmatism with age in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and ectopia lentis. Methods. A retrospective case series study was conducted. MFS patients with ectopia lentis were divided into groups according to age. Axial length, corneal curvature, and corneal astigmatism were measured. Results. This study included 114 MFS patients (215 eyes) with a mean age of 19.0 ± 13.9 years. Axial length differed significantly across age groups in MFS patients (P<0.001), whereas corneal curvature did not (P=0.767). Corneal astigmatism was statistically significant throughout the MFS cohort (P=0.009), but no significant difference was found in young MFS patients (P=0.838). With increasing age, the orientation of the corneal astigmatism changed from with-the-rule astigmatism to against-the-rule or oblique astigmatism (P<0.001). A linear correlation analysis showed weak correlations between age and axial length for both eyes and with corneal astigmatism for the left eye, but there was no correlation between age and corneal curvature. Conclusions. In MFS, axial length varies with age, corneal curvature remains stable, and corneal astigmatism is higher in young patients and tends to shift toward against-the-rule or oblique astigmatism. Therefore, it is important to consider age when diagnosing MFS with ocular biometric data.

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Machado da Silva, Caroline, Lucas Heiki Matsunaga, Ingrid Luiza Neto, and Hartmut Günther. "Diachronic Analysis of Florianópolis Urban Morphology and the Impact on Urban Mobility Related to Brasília." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p459.

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The diachronic analysis allows evaluating the evolutionary process of the cities and the diverse interconnections that constitute and qualify the main structuring networks using axial maps. This study aims to analyse the urban evolution, and the impact on urban mobility, of two Brazilian cities (Florianópolis and Brasília) using the Social Logic of Space Theory (SLST). Florianópolis is located on an island in the south of Brazil and Brasília is located in the centre of the country,planned in the 1960's to be the Brazil’s capital. Both cities have a dispersed system of road networks, where the districts are separated from each other and by their form of implantation, being horizontal and dispersed. This causes the local population to take long daily commutes to reach the centralities of the cities, overloading the transport networks, either by the use of public transport or individual private transport. The strategy of analysis is applicable to the context of both Florianópolis and Brasília, since it has the possibility of identifying the local and global centralities, more accessible routes and better options for spatial syntax based on the SLST. Also, it subsidies the identification of the intervention points and the promotion of more sustainable transport systems.Keywords: Urban mobility, Florianópolis, Brasília, Theory of Social Logic of Space, Sustainability, Axial maps

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Ahmed, Asmaa, and Radhouane Masmoudi. "Axial Response of Concrete-Filled FRP Tube (CFFT) Columns with Internal Bars." Journal of Composites Science 2, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs2040057.

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This paper aims at investigating the general axial behavior of long circular concrete-filled, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube (CFFT) columns internally reinforced with different longitudinal rebars. A total of seven CFFT and three reinforced concrete (RC) columns served as control specimens for comparisons and were constructed and tested under cyclic axial loading until failure. The test parameters were: (1) internal reinforcement type (steel, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) or carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)) and amount; (2) GFRP tube thicknesses; and (3) nature of loading. All columns had 1900-mm in height and 213-mm in diameter. Examination of the test results has led to a number of significant conclusions in regards to the trend and ultimate condition of the axial stress-strain behavior, mode of failure of tested CFFT columns, and plastic strains. As expected, an increase in the FRP tube thickness (or stiffness) resulted in an increase in the strength and strain enhancement ratios. The validity of the available design provisions for predicting the ultimate load-carrying capacity of tested columns is also highlighted.

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Shan-Xian, Xu, and Jing Ji-Liang. "The energy of Einstein–Maxwell dilation–axion black hole in the teleparallel geometry." Chinese Physics 14, no. 12 (November 30, 2005): 2415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/14/12/008.

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Mease, P. J., A. Deodhar, P. Rahman, H. Marzo-Ortega, V. Strand, T. Hunter, D. Adams, et al. "FRI0286 IXEKIZUMAB TREATMENT IMPROVES FATIGUE, SPINAL PAIN, STIFFNESS, AND SLEEP IN PATIENTS WITH NON-RADIOGRAPHIC AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 731–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1969.

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Background:Common symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) include fatigue, spinal pain, stiffness, and sleep problems, which can impair health-related quality of life. Ixekizumab (IXE) treatment shows efficacy in active non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA).1Objectives:To assess fatigue, spinal pain, stiffness, and sleep with IXE treatment versus (vs) placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with active nr-axSpA up to 16 and 52 weeks (wks).Methods:In COAST-X, pts with active nr-axSpA were randomized to 52 wks of double-blind IXE 80 mg once every 4 wks (Q4W) or 2 wks (Q2W), or PBO. Data were collected from baseline to Wk 52.Results:At Wk 16, IXE Q4W significantly improved fatigue, spinal pain, and stiffness, and IXE Q2W improved spinal pain, spinal pain at night, and stiffness vs PBO (Table). At Wk 52, IXE Q4W significantly improved stiffness, and IXE Q2W improved spinal pain, spinal pain at night, and stiffness vs PBO. Numeric improvements in sleep were not significant vs PBO. Wk 1, and up to Wk 16, IXE Q4W and Q2W significantly reduced spinal pain and stiffness vs PBO; stiffness was significantly reduced vs PBO up to Wk 52 (Figure).Least squares mean (standard error) change from BL-ITT population (mixed-effect model of repeated measures)MeasureTimepointPBO N=105IXE Q4W N=96IXE Q2W N=102Spinal painaWk 16-1.45 (0.244)-2.35 (0.248)*-2.59 (0.244)†Wk 52-2.29 (0.350)-2.92 (0.305)-3.32 (0.304)*Spinal pain at nightaWk 16-1.71 (0.262)-2.43 (0.267)-2.79 (0.263)*Wk 52-2.25 (0.358)-3.04 (0.312)-3.58 (0.311)*BASDAI-stiffnessb,cWk 16-1.44 (0.242)-2.44 (0.246)*-2.89 (0.242)†Wk 52-1.94 (0.332)-3.15 (0.290)*-3.48 (0.289)†Fatigue severity NRSdWk 16-1.4 (0.24)-2.1 (0.24)*-1.9 (0.24)Wk 52-2.1 (0.38)-2.6 (0.32)-2.7 (0.32)Sleep disturbanceeWk 16-2.3 (0.45)-2.0 (0.45)-2.5 (0.45)Wk 52-2.9 (0.63)-3.6 (0.52)-3.6 (0.53)Pt Global Assessment of Disease ActivityfWk 16-1.30 (0.246)-2.32 (0.251)*-2.64 (0.247)†Wk 52-1.81 (0.378)-2.77 (0.320)-3.30 (0.321)**P<.05 vs PBO;†P≤.001 vs PBO. ITT population: all randomized pts. Pts needing rescue treatment after Wk 16 per investigator could switch to open-label IXE Q2W; observations at visits thereafter not included in analyses. BL values similar across treatments. Numerical improvements in BASDAI-fatigue not significant vs PBO.aScored 0 (no pain) to 10 (most severe pain) on NRSbMean score BASDAI questions 5 (intensity) and 6 (duration)cScored 1–10 on NRSdScored 0 (no fatigue) to 10 (as bad as you can imagine)eJenkins Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire scored 0 to 20: each of 4 items scored 0 (0 days) to 5 (22–30 days)fScored 0 (not active) to 10 (very active) on NRSBASDAI=Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity IndexBL=baselineITT=intent-to-treatIXE=ixekizumabN=number of pts in ITT populationNRS= numeric rating scalePBO=placebopt=patientQ2W=every 2 wksQ4W=every 4 wksvs=versuswk=weekConclusion:IXE Q4W and/or Q2W significantly improved spinal pain, spinal pain at night, and stiffness vs PBO at 16 and 52 wks in pts with nr-axSpA. IXE Q4W also improved fatigue at 16 wks in these pts. Numerical improvements in sleep were not significant vs PBO.References:[1]Deodhar A, et al. Lancet. 2019Disclosure of Interests:Philip J Mease Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, UCB Pharma, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genentech, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Atul Deodhar Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Proton Rahman Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Consultant of: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Helena Marzo-Ortega Grant/research support from: Janssen, Novartis, Consultant of: Abbvie, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda, UCB, Vibeke Strand Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America, Crescendo Bioscience, Eli Lilly, Genentech/Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi, UCB, Theresa Hunter Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, David Adams Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, David Sandoval Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Andris Kronbergs Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Baojin Zhu Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Ann Leung: None declared, Soyi Liu Leage Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Victoria Navarro-Compán Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB

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Zufferey, P., J. Ghosn, A. Finckh, I. Fabreguet, B. Aubry-Rozier, J. Dudler, D. Neto, and A. So. "SAT0224 Anti-Tnf Drug Survival in Axial Spondylarthritis is not Related to the New Asas Classification Criteria." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 72, Suppl 3 (June 2013): A656.2—A656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1950.

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35

Kapil Mani, K. C., Parimal Acharya, R. C. Dirgha Raj, Bandhu Ram Pangeni, Arun Sigdel, and Suman Babu Marahatta. "A modified minimally invasive technique for intra-articular displaced calcaneal fractures fixed by transverse and axial screws." European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 27, no. 7 (May 13, 2017): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-017-1969-x.

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36

Sirenko, Boris I., and Evgeny N. Drobyazin. "New finding of the epitoniid Cirsotrema matugisiense (Ozaki,1958) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Sea of Japan." Бюллетень Дальневосточного малакологического общества 24, no. 1/2 (2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1560-8425/2020-24/61-66.

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We describe a new finding of Cirsotrema matugisiense (Ozaki, 1958) from the northern Sea of Japan. This species differs from the other species of the family Epitoniidae having few low, flattened, wide spiral ribs throughout the whole surface of each whorl excluding the base. Most similar to C. matugisiense is Amaea iwaotakii Azuma, 1961 which differs from the former in having the whorls with many distinct minute spiral striae except on the upper third of each whorl (vs. a few low, flattened, wide spiral ribs throughout the whole surface of each whorl excluding the base in C. matugisiense); all axial ribs are rather similar in size (vs. the axial ribs of different thickness, especially on the last whorl in C. matugisiense). Key words: Gastropoda, Epitoniidae, Cirsotrema, Sakhalin, Sea of Japan. Описана новая находка гастроподы Cirsotrema matugisiense (Ozaki, 1958) из Японского моря. Этот вид хорошо отличается от других видов семейства Epitoniidae наличием 6 низких, уплощенных, широких спиральных ребер на всей поверхности каждого оборота, исключая основание. Наиболее сходным c C. matugisiense видом является Amaea iwaotakii Azuma, 1961, который отличается от него наличием оборотов раковины с многими отчетливыми, мелкими спиральными бороздками за исключением верхней 1/3 каждого оборота (несколько низких, уплощенных, широких спиральных ребер на всей поверхности каждого оборота, исключая основание у C. matugisiense); все осевые ребра довольно сходны по размеру (осевые ребра различной толщины особенно на последнем обороте у C. matugisiense). Ключевые слова: Gastropoda, Epitoniidae, Cirsotrema, Сахалин, Японское море.

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Huang, Shih-Chiang, Kwai-Fong Ng, Ta-Sen Yeh, Hao-Cheng Chang, Chia-Yi Su, and Tse-Ching Chen. "Clinicopathological Analysis of β-catenin and Axin-1 in Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas." Annals of Surgical Oncology 19, S3 (July 19, 2011): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-1930-x.

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38

Hong-Quan, Xie, and Liu Pu-Kun. "Analysis of the axial electric field in a plasma-loaded-helix travelling wave tube." Chinese Physics 15, no. 9 (August 22, 2006): 2042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/15/9/025.

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39

SOYER MALYEMEZ, Aslı, Abdulwahab GIWA, Emine BAYRAKTAR, and Ülkü MEHMETOĞLU. "Mathematical modeling of a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor with immobilized lipase for kinetic resolution of (R,S)-2-pentanol." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 44, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 1423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1910-22.

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In this study, the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-2-pentanol via transesterification to achieve S-2-pentanol, a key intermediate required in the synthesis of anti-Alzheimer drugs, was investigated in continuous-flow packed-bed reactors. The effects of residence time, substrate concentration, and operation time of the enzyme were investigated. Under steady state conditions, 50% conversion and enantiomeric excess of the substrate (eeS)>99% were achieved at a residence time of 0.04 min. Productivity of the continuous-flow process (1.341 mmol/min/g)was about 4 times higher than that of the corresponding batch process (0.363 mmol/min/g). In addition, the mathematical modeling of the packed-bed reactor was conductedusing an axial dispersion model. Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetics was used in this model. Design parameters were determined and the developed equations were solved using an algorithm for solving boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations by collocation (bvp4c) using MATLAB. The results, obtained from the model, fitted the experimental data very well.

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Akkemik, Unal. "A NEW SPECIES OF JUNIPEROXYLON FROM THE EARLY MIOCENE OF NORTHWESTERN TURKEY." Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, no. 17 (1) (October 29, 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2021.01.02.

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Many different Cupressaceae species were described from the early Miocene of Turkey. Particularly, Glyptostroboxylon Conventz, 1885 and Taxodioxylon Hartig, 1848 from Cupressaceae are the most common genera. With the present study, a new fossil Juniperoxylon (Houlbert, 1910) Kräusel, 1949 species from early Miocene of north-western Turkey was described as Juniperoxylon acarcaea Akkemik sp. nov. The new species has diffuse and zonate axial parenchyma, 2-3 (5) cupressoid pits per cross-field, sometimes presence of crassulae, uniseriate to biseriate, opposite, frequent, contiguous and sometimes spaced radial wall pits, even uniseriate and irregularly or alternately biseriate pits on tangential walls, horizontal walls of rays smooth and/or pitted, ray width uniseriate and rarely partly biseriate, and end walls of axial parenchyma nodular and smooth. The new species is the first Juniperoxylon species description from Turkey. According to the vegetation units (VU), this fossil species may indicate the forest was likely well-drained lowland and/or upland conifer forest (VU7).

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Müller, Gerhard, and Ulrich Jürgen Bildmann. "Crystal and Molecular Structure of P(C6H5)5 · 0.5 THF." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 1411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-11-1207.

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Pentaphenylphosphorus crystallizes from tetrahydrofuran (THF) as P(C6H5)5・0.5 THF (triclinic space group: P1̅, a = 10.095(4), b = 10.252(3), c = 12.725(3) A° , α = 71.21(1), β = 76.98(3), γ = 87.12(1)°, Z = 2). Its molecular structure is an almost perfect trigonal bipyramid with significantly longer axial than equatorial P-CPh bonds (P-Cax 1.982(2)/1.979(2), P-Ceq 1.853(2)/1.845(2)/1.847(2) Å). It differs from the well established structure of solvent-free P(C6H5)5 (P. J. Wheatley, J. Chem. Soc. 2206 (1964)) in the relative orientation of the phenyl rings with respect to each other (axial rings) and with respect to the equatorial PC3 plane (equatorial rings) but not in the trigonal-bipyramidal (tbp) geometry at phosphorus. Differences in the geometry around the central atom had been found previously for Sb(C6H5)5 (square pyramid) and Sb(C6H5)5 · 0.5C6H12 (tbp) but not in As(C6H5)5 and As(C6H5)5 · 0.5 C6H12 (both tbp).

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Colding-Jorgensen, J. "Prediction of Rotor Dynamic Destabilizing Forces in Axial Flow Compressors." Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910076.

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It has been shown by Thomas (1958) and Alford (1965), that axial flow turbo-machinery is subject to rotor dynamic destabilizing gas forces produced by the circumferential variation of blade-tip clearance when the rotor is whirling. However, the magnitude and direction of these forces have yet to be clarified. For example, it is still uncertain, under which circumstances the rotor whirl direction will be forward, and when it will be backward, with respect to the rotation. In the present paper, a simple analysis of the perturbed flow in an axial compressor stage with whirling rotor is presented, based on the actuator disc analysis of Horlock and Greitzer (1983), and the gas force on the rotor is calculated on this basis. It appears that in the normal operation range of an axial compressor, the whirl direction is predicted to be forward always. Backward whirl is predicted to take place only at very low flow rates, well below the normally expected stall limit. Experimentally, forces were indeed found in direction of backward whirl for low flow rates, and in direction of forward whirl for high flow rates, in the results reported by Vance and Laudadio (1984), as analyzed by Ehrich (1989). While this experimental evidence supports the present theory qualitatively, a direct comparison of the measured and predicted destabilizing force has yet to be carried out.

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Cortés-Puentes, W. L., and D. Palermo. "Performance of pre-1970s squat reinforced concrete shear walls." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 11 (November 2018): 922–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0595.

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The seismic performance of pre-1970s squat reinforced concrete shear walls is assessed with the capacity spectrum method to expose structural deficiencies that arise due to current estimates of seismic demands. The walls are 1/3 scale models of a prototype building, designed and detailed in accordance with the 1965 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC-1965) for four locations, two in high seismic zones in western Canada and two in moderate seismic zones in eastern Canada. Seismic demands for different drifts are evaluated against the spectral capacities of the walls to determine the performance. The seismic demands are based on uniform hazard spectra specified by the NBCC-2015. The calculated effective damping and the spectral capacity of the walls are determined from the force–displacement envelopes of the reverse cyclic responses of the shear walls. In addition, spectral capacities based on experimental and numerical results are used to study the effect of axial load and low-strength reinforcing steel on the performance of the shear walls.

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Feys, J., and S. A. Maslowe. "Elliptical instability of the Moore–Saffman model for a trailing wingtip vortex." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 803 (August 30, 2016): 556–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.512.

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In this paper, we investigate the elliptical instability exhibited by two counter-rotating trailing vortices. This type of instability can be viewed as a resonance between two normal modes of a vortex and an external strain field. Recent numerical investigations have extended earlier results that ignored axial flow to include models with a simple wake-like axial flow such as the similarity solution found by Batchelor (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 20, 1964, pp. 645–658). We present herein growth rates of elliptical instability for a family of velocity profiles found by Moore & Saffman (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 333, 1973, pp. 491–508). These profiles have a parameter $n$ that depends on the wing loading. As a result, unlike the Batchelor vortex, they are capable of modelling both the jet-like and the wake-like axial flow present in a trailing vortex at short and intermediate distances behind a wingtip. Direct numerical simulations of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations are performed using an efficient spectral method in cylindrical coordinates developed by Matsushima & Marcus (J. Comput. Phys., vol. 53, 1997, pp. 321–345). We compare our results with those for the Batchelor vortex, whose velocity profiles are closely approximated as the wing loading parameter $n$ approaches 1. An important conclusion of our investigation is that the stability characteristics vary considerably with $n$ and $W_{0}$, a parameter measuring the strength of the mean axial velocity component. In the case of an elliptically loaded wing ($n=0.50$), we find that the instability growth rates are up to 50 % greater than those for the Batchelor vortex. Our results demonstrate the significant effect of the distribution and intensity of the axial flow on the elliptical instability of a trailing vortex.

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Gherghe, A. M., M. Dougados, B. Combe, R. Landewé, C. Mihai, F. Berenbaum, X. Mariette, R. Wolterbeek, and D. van der Heijde. "SAT0114 Prevalence of Cardiovascular Comorbidities Already Increased at Onset of Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis - Results from the ESPOIR and DESIR Cohorts." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 73, Suppl 2 (June 2014): 631.3–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1965.

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DONG, S., and X. ZHENG. "Direct numerical simulation of spiral turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 668 (December 13, 2010): 150–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211201000460x.

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In this paper, we present results of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the spiral turbulence phenomenon in a range of moderate Reynolds numbers, in which alternating intertwined helical bands of turbulent and laminar fluids co-exist and propagate between two counter-rotating concentric cylinders. We show that the turbulent spiral is comprised of numerous small-scale azimuthally elongated vortices, which align into and collectively form the barber-pole-like pattern. The domain occupied by such vortices in a plane normal to the cylinder axis resembles a ‘crescent moon’, a shape made well known by Van Atta with his experiments in the 1960s. The time-averaged mean velocity of spiral turbulence is characterized in the radial–axial plane by two layers of axial flows of opposite directions. We also observe that, as the Reynolds number increases, the transition from spiral turbulence to featureless turbulence does not occur simultaneously in the whole domain, but progresses in succession from the inner cylinder towards the outer cylinder. Certain aspects pertaining to the dynamics and statistics of spiral turbulence and issues pertaining to the simulation are discussed.

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Lee, Dong-Jin, and Robert J. Elias. "Paleobiologic and evolutionary significance of corallite increase and associated features inSaffordophyllum newcombae(Tabulata, Late Ordovician, southern Manitoba)." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 3 (May 2000): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000031681.

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Saffordophyllum newcombaeFlower, 1961, displays unique abilities and an unprecedented range in types of corallite increase. Cerioid growth was characteristic, but colonies on soft substrates could grow in a tollinaform manner during early astogeny. The capacity for recovery from damage and partial mortality is amazing. Rejuvenation may have been accompanied by peripheral expansion in some cases. Rapid regeneration could involve axial increase. Circular lacunae that formed during recovery became sites of rapid lateral increase or corallite decrease.Two types of axial increase occurred within coralla. Lateral increase was concentrated mainly along the basal wall and adjacent to certain circular lacunae. In typical cerioid parts of the corallum, lateral increase seldom yielded “adult” corallites, but incipient lateral offsets could be numerous. The level of colony integration was probably moderately high. There was likely soft-tissue continuity among polyps, coordination of polyp behavior, subjugation of individuals for the good of the colony, and perhaps astogenetic control.Saffordophyllum newcombaeis considered to be a tabulate coral, although one type of axial increase is similar to that in a few rugose corals and the other type of axial increase as well as possible peripheral expansion resemble modes of increase in some coralline sponges. Lateral increase is considered compatible with cnidarian rather than poriferan biology. Corallite size is typical of tabulates.Saffordophyllummay not be the direct ancestor of favositid tabulates, and may not even be closely related to them;S. newcombaeis very different fromPaleofavositesandFavosites.The remarkable range in forms of increase discovered inS. newcombaedemonstrates the critical need for detailed paleobiologic studies, if we are to understand the early evolutionary history of corals and to establish reliable criteria for distinguishing various coral groups and homeomorphs.

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De Hooge, M., D. Van Den Berg, F. van Gaalen, M. Reijnierse, M. V. Navarro Compán, K. M. Fagerli, M. Turina, et al. "SAT0236 Prevalence of Syndesmophytes in Patients with Chronic Back Pain Suspected of Axial Spondyloarthritis (AXSPA) Not Fulfilling the Modified New York (MNY) Criteria." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 72, Suppl 3 (June 2013): A661.1—A661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1961.

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Gabsatarova, Irina, L. Koroletski, and L. Malyanova. "DOUBLET of DOMBAI EARTHQUAKES 2013 in FOCAL ZONE of CHKHALTA EARTHQUAKE 1963." Zemletriaseniia Severnoi Evrazii [Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia], no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2019.22.32.

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Two Dombai earthquakes were recorded on March 26, 2013, at 23h35m with КР=11.9 and on May 28, 2013, at 00h09m with КР=11.9 (Mw GCMT=4.9 and 5.2) in the focal area of two strong (I0=IX and I0=VII at MSK 64) Chkhalta of 1963 and Teberda of 1905 earthquakes. They were accompanied by aftershock pro-cesses. The estimates of dynamic parameters of foci (for March 26, 2013, then May 28, 2013): the rupture length is L=3.4, 3.8 km, the stress drop =55, 79 Pa, the apparent stress drop=1, 3 Pa, and the average displacement along the rupture u=0.25, 0.33 m, were obtained from the spectra of S-waves at “Anapa” and “Kislovodsk” stations. Earthquakes occurred under the action of near-horizontal (PL=12°, PL=18°) com-pressive stresses directed north-northeast (AZM=21°, AZM=30°). The nodal planes of both mechanisms have a similar strike. The type of movement in both foci is a reverse fault with some strike-slip components. The stretches of nodal planes and the types of movements in the foci are in good agreement with the geodynamic setting of the axial structures of the Greater Caucasus, and also are similar to the mechanism of the destructive Chkhalta earthquake of 1963.

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Peeters, Emiel A. G., Cees W. J. Oomens, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Dan L. Bader, and Frank P. T. Baaijens. "Viscoelastic Properties of Single Attached Cells Under Compression." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 2 (September 14, 2004): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1865198.

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The viscoelastic properties of single, attached C2C12 myoblasts were measured using a recently developed cell loading device. The device allows global compression of an attached cell, while simultaneously measuring the associated forces. The viscoelastic properties were examined by performing a series of dynamic experiments over two frequency decades (0.1-10Hz) and at a range of axial strains (∼10-40%). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize the cell during these experiments. To analyze the experimentally obtained force-deformation curves, a nonlinear viscoelastic model was developed. The nonlinear viscoelastic model was able to describe the complete series of dynamic experiments using only a single set of parameters, yielding an elastic modulus of 2120±900Pa for the elastic spring, an elastic modulus of 1960±1350 for the nonlinear spring, and a relaxation time constant of 0.3±0.12s. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the global viscoelastic properties of attached cells have been quantified over such a wide range of strains. Furthermore, the experiments were performed under optimal environmental conditions and the results are, therefore, believed to reflect the viscoelastic mechanical behavior of cells, such as would be present in vivo.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Axian, 1960-'

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