Relevant bibliographies by topics / Axian, 1960-

Academic literature on the topic 'Axian, 1960-'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Axian, 1960-"

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TANDON, J. N. "Solar Terrestrial Relationships." MAUSAM 14, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v14i3.5458.

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The identification of moderate geomagnetic activity with various solar regions has been discussed in the light of the long sequences of annual variation (30 to -50 solar rotations) obtained from the analysis of geomagnetic activity of the low sunspot activity periods 1920-24, 1930-34, 1940-44 (no long sequences) and 1950-54 and solar axial hypothesis. On the basis of these identifications it is shown that the geomagnetic activity can broadly be grouped in three heads-(l) Intense geomagnetic storms, (2) disturbed M -storms and (3) quiet M-storms. Various features of these geomagnetic storms are qualitatively explained from the focussing of solar-ion streams taking account of the local and general solar a It is found that the streams emerging from the solar regions of large magnetic field may get dispersed, while they may come out in the form of concentrated streams from quiet solar regions which do not possess large magnetic fields. Further qualitative explanation for the formation of coronal plumes near the Sunspots and of coronal streamers around the sunspot minima have also been given.
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Qiu, Y. P., and G. J. Weng. "Elastic Moduli of Thickly Coated Particle and Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897198.

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Based on the models of Hashin (1962) and Hashin and Rosen (1964), the effective elastic moduli of thickly coated particle and fiber-reinforced composites are derived. The microgeometry of the composite is that of a progressively filled composite sphere or cylinder element model. The exact solutions of the effective bulk modulus κ of the particle-reinforced composite and those of the plain-strain bulk modulus κ23, axial shear modulus μ12, longitudinal Young’s modulus E11, major Poisson ratio ν12, of the fiber-reinforced one are derived by the replacement method. The bounds for the effective shear modulus μ and the effective transverse shear modulus μ23 of these two kinds of composite, respectively, are solved with the aid of Christensen and Lo’s (1979) formulations. By considering the six possible geometrical arrangements of the three constituent phases, the values of κ, and of κ23, μ12, E11, and ν12 are found to always lie within the Hashin-Shtrikman (1963) bounds, and the Hashin (1965), Hill (1964), and Walpole (1969) bounds, respectively, but unlike the two-phase composites, none coincides with their bounds. The bounds of μ and μ23 derived here are consistently tighter than their bounds but, as for the two-phase composites, one of the bounds sometimes may fall slightly below or above theirs and therefore it is suggested that these two sets of bounds be used in combination, always choosing the higher for the lower bound and the lower for the upper one.
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Wang, Yu, Lian-Wei Ye, Ru-yu Ruan, Ai-Jun Gao, and Yuan-Jian Tong. "High-temperature axial stress evolution mechanism of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502094885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020948857.

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Temperature and stretching are important factors in the high-temperature treatment of carbon fiber. The axial stress during carbon-fiber high-temperature treatment affects its ability to stretch. The high-temperature axial stress evolution mechanism of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber was studied through in situ tension tests, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermal expansion coefficient tests, and density methods. The high-temperature axial stress evolution of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber involved three stages: rapid increase, rapid decrease, and relaxation. The highest stress and relaxation temperatures of the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber were 1600°C and 1950°C, respectively. The main factors that affected the fiber axial stress included carbon-structure rearrangement and the effect of thermal expansion and cold shrinkage on fiber length. During the first stage ( T < 1600°C), carbon-structure rearrangement after nitrogen atom removal increased the fiber axial stress. In the second stage (1600 ⩽ T ⩽ 1950°C), the difference in the thermal expansion of fibers that entered the graphite furnace and the cold shrinkage of fibers that exited the graphite furnace increased gradually, which resulted in a decrease in fiber axial stress by up to 1950°C, where the fiber relaxed and the third stage ( T > 1950°C) began. The difference between expansion and shrinkage increased significantly, which increased fiber relaxation. Carbon fibers with fewer nitrogen atoms and more regular structures had a lower axial stress during high-temperature treatment, but the trend and characteristic temperature remained unchanged. The corresponding fiber high-temperature maximum stretching ratio and axial stress showed opposite trends below 1950°C. The ability to stretch the carbon fiber increased above 1950°C, which differed from the axial stress relaxation.
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Wennerstrom, A. J. "Low Aspect Ratio Axial Flow Compressors: Why and What It Means." Journal of Turbomachinery 111, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262280.

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One of the more visible changes that has occurred in fans and compressors for aircraft turbine engines that have entered development since about 1970 has been a significant reduction in the aspect ratio of the blading. This has brought with it a greatly reduced engine parts count and improved ruggedness and aeroelastic stability. This paper traces the evolution of thinking concerning appropriate aspect ratios for axial flow compressors since the early years of the aircraft turbine engine. In the 1950’s, moderate aspect ratios were favored for reasons of mechanical design. As mechanical design capability became more sophisticated, several attempts were made, primarily in the 1960s, to employ very high aspect ratios to reduce engine size and weight. Four of these programs are described that were largely unsuccessful for both mechanical and aerodynamic reasons. After 1970, the pendulum swung strongly in the other direction and designs of very low aspect ratio began to emerge. This has had a significant impact on compressor design systems, and a number of the ways in which design systems have been affected are discussed. Some concluding remarks are made concerning the author’s opinion of trends in the near future in aerodynamic design technology.
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Brunetie`re, Noe¨l. "A Modified Turbulence Model for Low Reynolds Numbers: Application to Hydrostatic Seals." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1829721.

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A modification of the Elrod and Ng turbulence model is presented. The order of magnitude of the Reynolds number in thin lubricant films varies between 102 and 105. For Reynolds numbers higher than 103, the fluid flow becomes turbulent. It is well accepted in lubrication to use a zero-equation turbulence model of the type developed by Constantinescu (1962, ASME J. Basic Eng., 84(1), pp. 139–151), Ng (1964, ASLE Trans., 7, pp. 311–321), Ng and Pan (1965, ASME J. Basic Eng., 87, pp. 675–688), Elrod and Ng (1967, ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 89, pp. 346–362), or Hirs (1973, ASME J. Lubr. Technol., 95, pp. 137–146). The Elrod and Ng approach is certainly the most efficient for combined pressure and shear flows where the Reynolds number is above 104. This paper proposes a modification of the Elrod and Ng model in order to ensure a good correlation with experimental data obtained with low Reynolds number turbulent flows. The present model, coupled with a scaling factor for taking into account the transition to turbulence, is therefore accurate for all of the typical Reynolds number values recorded in lubrication. The model is then applied to hydrostatic noncontacting face seals, which usually operate at Reynolds numbers varying from 103 to 104. The accuracy of the model is shown for this particular application of radial rotating flow. A special study is made of the transition to turbulence. The results are compared with those obtained using the initial Elrod and Ng model. The axial stiffness coefficient and the stability threshold are significantly affected by the turbulence model.
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Ferreira, Rita, M. Luísa Mascarenhas, and Andrey Piatnitski. "Spectral analysis in thin tubes with axial heterogeneities." Portugaliae Mathematica 72, no. 2 (2015): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/pm/1967.

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Bunn, H. T., A. Z. P. Mabulla, M. Domínguez-Rodrigo, G. M. Ashley, R. Barba, F. Diez-Martín, K. Remer, J. Yravedra, and E. Baquedano. "Was FLK North levels 1–2 a classic “living floor” of Oldowan hominins or a taphonomically complex palimpsest dominated by large carnivore feeding behavior?" Quaternary Research 74, no. 3 (November 2010): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.06.004.

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AbstractFrom excavation at FLK North levels 1–2 in 1960–1962, Mary Leakey reported approximately 1200 Oldowan artifacts and 3300 large mammal fossils as a hominin “living floor”. Preliminary taphonomic analysis by Bunn seemed supportive, based on the presence of some cut-marked bones, the concentration of several dozen bovid individuals, and the relative abundance of limbs and mandibles over other axial elements. Recent taphonomic analysis of Leakey's entire fossil assemblage by Domínguez-Rodrigo and Barba, however, documents a minor hominin role at the site, contrasted to the dominant role of carnivores. Felids brought prey animals; hyenas scavenged from abandoned felid meals. At different times, hominins butchered several bovids and discarded artifacts at this dynamic location. Since 2006, renewed excavations at FLK North and other sites by the Olduvai Paleoanthropology and Paleoecology Project (TOPPP) have expanded artifact and fossil samples and implemented new analytical approaches to clarify taphonomic histories of the Olduvai paleolandscape. At FLK North, > 1000 new large mammal fossils from levels 1 to 2 show minimal butchery evidence amid abundant evidence of carnivore gnawing/fracture, rodent gnawing, and sediment abrasion. To help guide future excavation and analyses, we have developed several alternative working hypotheses of site formation.
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LI, BAOQUAN, and XINZHENG LI. "Report on the turrid genera Gemmula, Lophiotoma and Ptychosyrinx (Gastropoda: Turridae: Turrinae) from the China seas." Zootaxa 1778, no. 1 (May 28, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1778.1.1.

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Based on the material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, the present paper reports 26 turrid species, which belong respectively to three genera of the subfamily Turrinae, including four new species, Gemmula grandigyrata sp. nov., Gemmula flata sp. nov., Lophiotoma pseudocosmoi sp. nov., and L. verticala sp. nov., and four species newly recorded from the China seas. Gemmula grandigyrata sp. nov. is peculiar in the genus in having a large conical protoconch of six whorls; Gemmula flata sp. nov. is similar to the “martini series Powell, 1964” in the shell profile, but can be easily separated from the species of this series by the shell sculpture; Lophiotoma pseudocosmoi sp. nov. differs from the close species of the genus Lophiotoma and a similar species of the genus Gemmula, G. cosmoi (Sykes, 1930), by the peripheral carina and the shell height; Lophiotoma verticala sp. nov looks like a species of genus Fusiturris, F. undatiruga (Bivona, 1832), but differs from the latter by the stronger axial fold, less conspicuous spiral folds, stronger peripheral carina and deeper sinus.
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Wennerstrom, A. J. "Highly Loaded Axial Flow Compressors: History and Current Developments." Journal of Turbomachinery 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927695.

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This paper discusses approaches taken over many years to achieve very high loading levels in axial-flow compressors. These efforts have been associated predominantly with aircraft turbine engines. The objective has been to reduce the size and weight of the powerplant, to increase its simplicity and ruggedness, and, whenever possible, to reduce cost. In the introduction, some fundamentals are reviewed that indicate that increased work per stage can only be obtained at a cost of increased Mach number, increased diffusion, or both. The earliest examples cited are some ambitious development programs of the 1950s and 1960s. Some innovative schemes to increase diffusion limits are described that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. Major advancements in dealing with higher Mach number were made in the 1980s. Finally, a few thoughts directed toward potential future developments are presented.
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Narayanan, Harish A., Venkatesh P. Krishnasamy, and Bradford J. Wood. "Tri-axial Biopsy Needle Cauterization During Splenic Biopsy." CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 41, no. 10 (February 28, 2018): 1624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-1910-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Axian, 1960-"

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Ando, Victor Fujii. "Genetic algorithm for preliminary design optimisation of high-performance axial-flow compressors." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2011. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1969.

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This work presents an approach to optimise the preliminary design of high-performance axial-flow compressors. The preliminary design within the Gas Turbine Group at ITA, is carried on with an in-house computational program based upon the streamline curvature method, using correlations from the literature to assess the losses. The choice of many parameters of the thermodynamic cycle and of geometries relies upon the expertise from the members of the Group. Nevertheless, it is still a laborious and time-consuming task, requiring successive trial and errors. Therefore, to support the compressor designer in the choice of some parameters, an optimisation program, named REMOGA, was written in FORTRAN language, allowing an easy integration with the programs developed by the Gas Turbine Group. The program is based upon a multi-objective genetic algorithm, with real codification and elitism. Then the REMOGA and the preliminary design program were integrated to design a 5-stage axial-flow compressor. Therefore, the stator air outlet angles, the temperature distribution and the hub-tip ratio were varied aiming at higher efficiencies and higher pressure ratios, but controlling the de Haller number and the camber angle. Thanks to the REMOGA, thousands of designs could be quickly evaluated. Finally, using a choice criterion, four solutions were selected for further analysis, revealing that the developed program was successful in finding more efficient and feasible compressor designs.
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Martins, Camila Almeida. "Simulação do perfil axial de pressão na coluna riser de um leito fluidizado circulante." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1970.

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Escoamentos gás-sólido em sistemas de leito fluidizado circulante são muito comuns em processos industriais, sendo objeto de pesquisa nos últimos anos pela sua natureza altamente complexa. O estudo de parâmetros inerentes às características fluidodinâmicas deste escoamento, como por exemplo, do perfil de pressão estática na coluna de fluidização rápida, pode mostrar o caminho para a prevenção de situações não desejadas em processos desenvolvidos na indústria química e de petróleo, bem como na geração de energia elétrica. Apesar da existência de vários trabalhos realizados sobre o assunto, é frequente encontrar divergências nos resultados apontados pelos diversos autores. Assim, visando contribuir com o melhor entendimento do fenômeno de escoamento gás-sólido em regime de fluidização rápida, este estudo teve como objetivo simular o escoamento gás-sólido no interior de uma coluna riser de um sistema de leito fluidizado circulante a frio utilizando fluidodinâmica computacional, procurando determinar o perfil axial de pressão estática sob diferentes condições operacionais. Para tanto, o método dos volumes finitos, por meio do programa computacional comercial ANSYS-FLUENT™ v. 16.0, foi aplicado para a análise fluidodinâmica no interior do riser. Além do perfil de pressão, as simulações determinaram os campos de velocidade do sólido e do gás, bem como, a distribuição da concentração de sólidos, dentre outros parâmetros de interesse. Para a validação do modelo computacional, os resultados obtidos na simulação da queda de pressão axial ao longo da coluna riser foram comparados com dados experimentais obtidos em um sistema piloto que teve a sua geometria reproduzida nas simulações. Os resultados obtidos mostram concordância satisfatória entre os valores das simulações e os dados experimentais disponíveis.
Gas-solid flows in circulating fluidized bed systems are very common in industrial processes, being a research subject in recent years because of its highly complex nature. The study of parameters related to the hydrodynamics characteristics of this flow, such as the static pressure profile along the column in fast fluidization, can show the way to prevent undesired situations found in processes of the chemical and petroleum industry, as well as in boilers for power generation. Despite the existence of several studies conducted on the subject, there are differences in the results pointed out by several authors. Thus, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of gas-solid flow in fast fluidization regime, this study aimed to model and simulate the gas-solid multiphase flow inside a riser of a circulating fluidized bed by using computational fluid dynamics, in order to determine the axial pressure profile under different operating conditions. Therefore, the finite volume method, through ANSYS-FLUENT™ v.16.0-commercial software was applied to analyze the hydrodynamics of the gas-solid flow inside the riser. In addition to the pressure profile, simulations determined the solid and gas velocity fields, and also the distribution of the solids holdup, among other parameters of interest. To validate the computational model, the results obtained from simulations of the axial pressure drop across the riser column were compared with experimental data obtained in a pilot system, which had its geometry reproduced in the simulations. The results obtained showed good agreement between the values of the simulations and those available from experimental data.
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Bromirski, Maciej Piotr Jan. "UV and IR matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization using axial and orthogonal injection time-of-flight mass spectrometers." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19610.

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Books on the topic "Axian, 1960-"

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McKenzie, A. B. Axial compressor development at Rolls-Royce Derby, 1946-1962. Derby: Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, 2009.

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Giesen, Bernhard. Intellectuals and the German nation: Collective identity in an axial age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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C, Fralick Gustave, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Frequency response of a thermocouple wire: Effects of axial conduction : progress report, April 1990-September 1990. Atlanta, Ga: Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990.

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C, Fralick Gustave, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Frequency response of a thermocouple wire: Effects of axial conduction : progress report, April 1990-September 1990. Atlanta, Ga: Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990.

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Rivera Rasury, Fátima Yadira, Walter Alejandro Patiño Zambrano, Alexander Wladimir Huerta Cordero, Katiuska Elizabeth Rodríguez Gómez, Paola Elizabeth Simbaña Carrera, Sonia Bibiana Urdiales Baculima, Ericka María Vera Alay, Álvaro Estuardo Villa Piray, Gina Carolina Villigua Vásquez, and Juan Diego Zambrano Zambrano. Manual básico de imagenología. Mawil Publicaciones de Ecuador, 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/978-9942-602-19-0.

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MANUAL BÁSICO DE IMAGENOLOGÍA es un texto que se presenta de forma sencilla y de fácil lectura en la que se realiza un recorrido primordial y actualizado sobre los fundamentos, principios y alcance de la Imagenología en su aplicación dentro de del entorno clínico del diagnóstico y la terapéutica de los pacientes. Aporta de manera amigable los conocimientos esenciales de modo que estudiantes, profesionales y personas interesadas en esta área del saber puedan hacer uso del conocimiento básico en este campo de la salud. Los rayos X, llamados así por su descubridor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, en 1895, representan uno de los sucesos más importantes dentro de la historia de la medicina, lo cual permitió a la comunidad científica, observar el interior del cuerpo humano, como anteriormente no se había podido. Posterior a este descubrimiento se dan momentos relevantes que revolucionan el campo de la Radiología contribuyendo a su progreso, entre ellos, se destacan: el Tubo de coolidge (1917), el Intensificador de imágenes (1950), la Tomografía axial computarizada (1972) y la Resonancia magnética nuclear (1980-1982). En las últimas décadas, con los avances tecnológicos la Imagenología u obtención de imágenes médicas ha evolucionado de manera constante y vertiginosa el sector de la medicina. La Imagenología pertenece al área de la salud. Es una especialidad médica que se ocupa de la producción y análisis de las imágenes obtenidas a través de diversas tecnologías, que comprende el diagnóstico por imágenes y los procedimientos invasivos diagnósticos y terapéuticos guiados por las imágenes. El objetivo fundamental de todas las técnicas que producen imágenes de aspectos internos del cuerpo sin tener que abrirlo –lo cual constituye una gran ventaja, es prolongar la vida de los pacientes y disminuir la morbimortalidad.
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Book chapters on the topic "Axian, 1960-"

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Piva, M., A. Calvo, A. Barrantes, S. Gabanelli, M. Rosen, I. Ippolito, and J. E. Wesfreid. "Tracer Dispersion in the Taylor-Couette Instability with Axial Flow." In Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures IV, 343–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1906-1_35.

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Van Dessel, M., R. Belmans, R. Hanitsch, and E. A. Hemead. "Torque Calculation of a Small, Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor." In Electric and Magnetic Fields, 49–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1961-4_8.

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Mellara, Beatrice, and Ezio Santini. "FEM Computation of Ld and Lq in Axial Flux Disc Machines." In Electric and Magnetic Fields, 323–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1961-4_74.

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Le, Van Long, Lu Tien Truong, and Khanh Hieu Ngo. "Development of a CFD Tool Based on SnappyHexMesh/OpenFOAM for the Axial Fan Performance." In The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, 91–103. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1968-8_9.

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Chu, Hoang-Quan, Quang-Hai Nguyen, Quang-Huy Nguyen, Quoc-Viet Nguyen, Van-Hoang Nguyen, Kim-Dung Thi Hoang, Xuan-Truong Le, Cong-Truong Dinh, and Thanh-Tung Tran. "Aerodynamic Performance of a Multi-stage Axial Compressor with Tip Clearance Coupled with Hub Fillet." In The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, 1306–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1968-8_111.

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Palmer, J. R. "Analytical Model for Evaluating Dual Co-Axial Repetitive Pulsed and CW Lasers in Drilling and Machining of Materials." In Laser Applications for Mechanical Industry, 99–111. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1990-0_6.

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MIYAUCHI, TERUKATSU. "Relative Contribution of Axial Dispersion on the Performance if Liquid Extraction Columns." In Solvent Extraction 1990, Part B, 1223–34. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88677-4.50023-4.

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Xiao-Xiang, CHEN, and Y. F. SU. "Axial Mixing of Liquid-Liquid-Solid System in Open Turbine Rotating Disc Contactor (Otrdc)." In Solvent Extraction 1990, Part B, 1351–56. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88677-4.50042-8.

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Ossoinig, Karl C. "The development of ultrasound in ophthalmology." In Ultrasound in Clinical Diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199602070.003.0020.

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The clinical applications of diagnostic ultrasound in ophthalmology were initiated by G.H. Mundt and w.F. Hughes ( 1 ) (1956) as well as A. Oksala and A. Lehtinen ( 2 ) (1957) introducing A-scan, and by G. Baum ( 3 ) (1958) introducing and pioneering B-scan. The first medical society for diagnostic ultrasound was founded in 1964 (Societas Internationalis de Diagnostica Ultrasonica in Ophthalmologia) with subsequent biennial congresses. Ophthalmic diagnostic ultrasound is the only ultrasonographic method heavily relying on A-scans besides the B-scans. Today, four distinct echographic methods (utilizing different types of instrumentation) are being used in ophthalmology: 1) Biometric A-scans for measuring the axial eye length. 2) Low-frequency B-scans for the examination of the posterior eye segment and the anterior orbit utilizing 10–20MHz. 3) High-frequency B-scans for the evaluation of the anterior eye segment applying 25–50MHz. 4) Standardized Echography , a combination of diagnostic as well as biometric A-scan (8MHz) and B-scan echography (10–50MHz) for a comprehensive ultrasonographic examination of the eye (anterior and posterior segments) and of the entire orbit and periorbital region. A-scan (8–12MHz) is used for measurements of the axial eye length, today an important contribution to the calculation of intraocular lens power in cataract surgery. F. Jansson ( 4 ) (1963) proposed biometric A-scan as an immersion (non-touch) technique and also measured the involved sound velocities of the anterior chamber, the lens, and the vitreous cavity which since then have been the accepted standard values. At first, axial eye length measurements were mostly used in studies regarding glaucoma and myopia. when, in the early 1970s, the implantation of artificial lenses during cataract surgery spread quickly, the much more precise but more time-consuming and demanding immersion method temporarily gave way to an easier and quicker contact method. Lately, however, advances in cataract surgery, especially the use of multifocal lenses as well as the competition from laser technology, resulted in a return of Jansson’s immersion method.
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Han, Chang Dae. "Wire-Coating Extrusion." In Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 2: Polymer Processing. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187830.003.0010.

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The process of coating a wire with a polymeric material is basically an extrusion operation in which either the molten polymer is extruded continuously over an axially moving wire or the wire is pulled through the extruded molten polymer. As schematically shown in Figure 5.1, the typical wire-coating unit consists of a pay-off device, a wire preheater, an extruder equipped with a cross-head die, a cooling trough, and a take-off device. Various control and measuring instruments are utilized in the commercial line (Griff 1962). The two basic wire-coating dies are pressure-type dies and tubing-type dies, as shown schematically in Figure 5.2. The tubing-type dies are annular in cross-section. The flow geometry outside the tubing die is important from the point of view of obtaining a coating with better mechanical and electrical properties and surface smoothness. However, little effort has been spent on studying this particular aspect of the process. The pressure-type wire-coating die is an annulus, the side surface of which is the wire to be coated, moving at a constant speed. The flow through this type of die is analogous to the flow through an annulus formed by coaxial cylinders with the inner cylinder moving in the axial direction. In the past, analysis of wire-coating extrusion for pressure-type die has been carried out for Newtonian and power-law fluids (Bagley and Storey 1963; Bernhardt 1962; Carley et al. 1979; Han and Rao 1978; McKelvey 1963). Like in the film coextrusion process presented in Chapter 9, in wire-coating coextrusion two different polymers may be concentrically coated on the wire in a single step (LeNir 1974). Tough abrasive-resistant nylon, for example, can be coated over a much less expensive polyethylene core, or one can have a thin coat of color compound over unpigmented insulator, thus taking advantage of the different properties of two components at a reduced cost. Considerable savings in the cost of processing can be achieved by applying two coats in a single step.
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Conference papers on the topic "Axian, 1960-"

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Cardillo, Lucio, Alessandro Corsini, Giovanni Delibra, Anthony G. Sheard, and David Volponi. "Axial Flow Fan Design Experience for a Project Based Turbomachinery Class." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42172.

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In consideration of the extremely rapid progress in turbomachinery technology after the WWII, when the first gas engine was run, modern turbomachinery could be considered a young subject. Developments in computational power and numerical techniques since the 1940s, totally changed designer’s perspectives, giving them the possibilities to increase power and sophistication of design tools consolidated by years of laboratory and field tests from the 1940’s and 1950’s. A huge database from which, we believe, “there is still so much to be learned” (Cumpsty, 1986) [1]. On the other hand turbomachinery performance correlations, or even design procedures, have tended to be developed in individualistic ways. A reason for this has been the use of different approaches within engineering companies and the development of customized design tools and correlation of previous experience or performance optimization. These circumstances reflected in an extraordinary knowledge, hided by confidentiality and intellectual property issues. In this respect, proprietary design techniques acts as a barrier to the dissemination of concepts at the early stages such as the university. This paper illustrates the design process of an industrial fan as taught at Sapienza, University of Rome, during lectures of Turbomachinery Design. Objective of the class was to help students learn to develop their own design tools from the available suggested literature Horlock (1958, 1962, 1966) [2] [3] [4], Dixon (1975) [5], Lakshminarayana (1995) [6], Cumpsty (1989) [1] and Lewis (1996) [8]. Moreover, the activities were oriented to the use of open source software, specifically Scilab, used to code preliminary design and optimization routines as well as OpenFoam for the CFD verification step.
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Mak, D. K., and W. R. Tyson. "Material Assessment of Canadian SAW Line-Pipes." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2083.

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Eight pipes, manufactured between 1952 and 1981, have been collected from various Canadian pipeline companies and tested. They include six pipes from the field made in the 1950’s and 1960’s of X52 grade, one experimental pipe manufactured in the early 1970’s of X65 grade, and a modern clean steel of X70 grade manufactured in 1981. The steels have been characterized by chemical composition, grain size, yield and tensile strengths, notch toughness (Charpy V-notch absorbed energy), and fracture toughness (J-integral and crack-tip opening displacement). The modern steel has much lower carbon content and much smaller grain size compared to the pipes manufactured in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The former is a fully-killed controlled-rolled steel while the latter are semi-killed ferrite-pearlite steels. All eight pipes have ferrite-pearlite microstructures, with the average grain size ranging from 4 to 14 μm. The transverse yield strength was found to be significantly higher (by about 20%) than the longitudinal yield strength. Notch toughness and fracture toughness were similar for pipes manufactured in the 1950’s and 1960’s. In comparison, the modern steel has much higher toughness and higher strength. J-integral and CTOD δ were found to be related by J = m σyδ with m = 1.8 and σy the transverse yield strength. The J-integral at 0.2 mm crack growth was consistent with a linear correlation with the upper-shelf Charpy energy. All the steels in this study fractured by ductile tearing in slow loading in spite of the low toughness of the older steels. It is suggested that, in the absence of Charpy upper shelf data, a reasonable representative toughness for resistance to axial surface flaws propagating by ductile tearing is J = 120±15 kJ/m2.
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Taban, Faruk, and Shen-Yi Luo. "Using a Fabric Flexible Composite Theory to Characterize the Soft Tissues." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0296.

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Abstract The objective of this work is to propose an analytical model, which is based on a fabric flexible composite theory, to characterize soft tissues (such as heart muscle, skin, lung, blood vessel, etc.). The bi-axial mechanical behaviors of the soft tissues have been studied by many researchers. A common approach is to propose a set of constitutive equations, then use data regression method to obtain input values from both simple and bi-axial test results. This usually gives a good description of the stress-strain behavior for the particular material but gives no physical meaning of these input values obtained from the mathematical curve fittings. Pao et al. (1980) suggested that the mechanical properties of the fiber bundles must be predicted first to compute the stresses. In this proposed model, a soft tissue is considered as an orthogonal composite element containing wavy fibers in a soft incompressible matrix (Luo and Chou, 1990).
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4

Wang, David Y., and Duncan T. Moore. "Systematic approach to axial gradient lens design." In 1990 Intl Lens Design Conf, edited by George N. Lawrence. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.47949.

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5

Spring, Daniel W., Charles Panzarella, and David A. Osage. "Revisiting the Bree Diagram." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63635.

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As early as the 1950’s, practitioners observed progressive distortion in thin-walled pressure vessels subjected to a constant axial stress and a cyclic thermal stress. In the late 1960’s, Bree [1] developed a theory and corresponding diagram plotting the primary membrane stress versus the cyclic thermal stress which delineates the various zones of plastic behavior. The zones include elastic cycling, plastic cycling, elastic cycling after initial plasticity, and ratcheting leading to incremental growth. This paper revisits the original Bree problem and investigates many of the recent advancements made to alleviate several of the simplifying assumptions Bree made in developing the diagram, to bring it in line with more modern operating conditions. In particular, a novel modification to the Bree diagram to account for the ratio of the yield stress at the operating extremums is proposed. This paper also reviews some advancements made to incorporate creep into the problem and discusses the operating conditions wherein creep effects may be significant. The outcomes of this paper will help expand the applicability of the Bree diagram, broadening its scope to encompass operating conditions more representative of modern applications.
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Bhattacharya, Avijit, and Dara W. Childs. "Dry-Friction Whirl and Whip Between a Rotor and a Stator: Effect of Rotor-Stator Coupling Due to Seals and Rotor Rigid-Body Dynamics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59979.

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Dry friction backward whirl phenomena have been studied for some time, the most notable work starting with Black in 1967 and 1968. Other notable contributions include those of Crandall (1990) and Lingener (1990), and Bartha (2000). The authors (2007) extended those earlier studies that used lumped-parameter models to a multiple-degree-of-freedom rotor model showing excellent agreement between predictions and available measurements for whip frequencies and the transition frequencies from whirl to whip. One obvious question remains unanswered, namely: Why are dry friction whirl and whip readily induced in test rigs but rarely observed in turbomachinery? This question is addressed here by studying the effect of cross-coupled stiffness and direct damping connections between the rotor and stator (as provided by annular seals), support damping at the stator, and polar and diametral moments of inertia on regions of dry-friction whirl and whip. “Positive” cross-coupled-stiffness coefficients arise in fluid film bearings and fluid seals due to shaft and fluid rotation and produce a reaction force between the rotor and stator. They act to destabilize forward (in the direction of shaft rotation) precessional modes while stabilizing reverse-precession modes. The present predictions show that increasing positive cross-coupled-stiffness-coefficient magnitudes increases the Coulomb friction coefficient that is required to support whirl thus acting to suppress dry-friction whirl. Direct damping that is related to the relative velocity between the rotor and stator acts in exactly the same fashion. Direct damping that connects the stator to ground also acts to suppress whirl and whip. For the models considered here, enough stator damping eliminated the whip region. Test results of axial-compressor stages have shown “negative” cross-coupled-stiffness coefficients. The present study shows that negative cross-coupled stiffness coefficients can make dry-friction whirl more likely by reducing the magnitude of Coulomb friction required to sustain it. The influence of polar and diametral moments of inertia were investigated using a Stodola model comprised of a disk supported at the end of a cantilevered beam. Gyroscopic moments arising from the polar moment of inertia plus running speed had a negligible impact on the whirl-whip regimes. The diametral moment of inertia added an additional degree of freedom, creating an additional whip regime. However, it had no fundamental impact on the whirl-whip regimes.
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MUNUKUTLA, S., and K. KURKAL. "Effect of axial temperature gradient on an unsteady thermal boundarylayer." In 20th Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1900.

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8

Ehrich, Fredric. "Rotor Whirl Forces Induced by the Tip Clearance Effect in Axial Flow Compressors." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0177.

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Abstract It is now widely recognized that destabilizing forces, tending to generate forward rotor whirl, are generated in axial flow turbines as a result of the non-uniform torque induced by the non-uniform tip-clearance in a deflected rotor — the so called Thomas/Alford force (Thomas, 1958 and Alford, 1965). It is also recognized that there will be a similar effect in axial flow compressors, but qualitative considerations cannot definitively establish the magnitude or even the direction of the induced whirling forces — that is, if they will tend to forward or backward whirl. Applying a “parallel compressor” model to simulate the operation of a compressor rotor deflected radially in its clearance, it is possible to derive a quantitative estimate of the proportionality factor β which relates the Thomas/Alford force in axial flow compressors (i.e., the tangential force generated by a radial deflection of the rotor) to the torque level in the compressor. The analysis makes use of experimental data from the GE Aircraft Engines Low Speed Research Compressor facility comparing the performance of three different axial flow compressors, each with four stages (typical of a mid-block of an aircraft gas turbine compressor) at two different clearances (expressed as a percent of blade length) — CL/L = 1.4% and CL/L = 2.8%. It is found that the value of β is in the range of +0.27 to −0.71 in the vicinity of the stages’ nominal operating line and +0.08 to −1.25 in the vicinity of the stages’ operation at peak efficiency. The value of β reaches a level of between −1.16 and −3.36 as the compressor is operated near its stalled condition. The final result bears a very strong resemblance to the correlation obtained by improvising a normalization of the experimental data of Vance and Laudadio (1984) and a generic relationship to the analytic results of Colding-Jorgensen (1990).
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9

Abed, Eyad H., Paul K. Houpt, and Wishaa M. Hosny. "Bifurcation Analysis of Surge and Rotating Stall in Axial Flow Compressors." In 1990 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.1990.4791130.

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10

Wu, M. W., C. Y. Chen, T. C. Guung, C. S. Hwang, P. S. Song, and W. S. Hou. "A TM01-mode axial vircator." In 1990 Plasma Science IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1990.110636.

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