Journal articles: 'Axial internal force'

1

Wu, Er Jun, and Xing Chen. "Calculation on Plastic Internal Force of Reinforced Concrete Member under Axial Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.31.

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The design of reinforced concrete structure often used the elastic internal force as the design basis, but the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structures brings about errors in calculation of statically indeterminate structure. By considering the nonlinear properties, the mechanical responses of reinforced concrete structure were investigated, on which an axial force loaded at their middle span section. In a series of analysis on internal force of the reinforced concrete member at all loading stages, through the deformation compatibility equation and the balance equation, the formulas for calculating elastic-plastic internal forces and strains were derived. Comparative examples are provided and the results show a large error between internal forces calculated by the structural mechanics method and those by the elastic-plastic method proposed in this paper, and the maximum error is about 8 times.

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Harada, Takashi, and Podi Liu. "Internal and External Forces Measurement of Planar 3-DOF Redundantly Actuated Parallel Mechanism by Axial Force Sensors." ISRN Robotics 2013 (October 9, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/593606.

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This paper proposes a method for measuring the internal and external forces of a planar 3-DOF (degree of freedom) redundantly actuated parallel mechanism. The internal forces, force acts inside the endplate and mechanism constraint force, and the external forces, forces act on the endplate and thrusts by actuators, were measured simultaneously using the axial forces of the rods. Kinetostatic equations of the parallel mechanism were used to derive algorithms for measuring the internal and external forces. A link axis force sensor was developed using a strain gauge sensor. To verify the actual internal force of the endplate, a force sensor was also installed on the endplate. A real-time system for measuring the forces of the parallel mechanism was developed using RT-Linux. The external and internal forces were measured accurately.

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Wang, Jyhwen, and Rohit Agarwal. "Tube Bending Under Axial Force and Internal Pressure." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 2 (June 15, 2005): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2112987.

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Tube bending is a widely used manufacturing process in the aerospace, automotive, and various other industries. During tube bending, considerable in-plane distortion and thickness variation occurs. Additional loadings such as axial force and internal pressure can be used to achieve better shape control. Based on plasticity theories, analytical models are developed to predict cross-sectional distortion and thickness change of tubes under various loading conditions. The model predictions are in good agreement with finite element simulations and published experimental results. The models can be used to evaluate tooling and process design in tube bending.

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Zhang, Yu Ming, Guang Sheng Bian, and Tao Fan. "Calculation of Internal Force of Axial Tension Member due to Temperature Variation Accounting for Cracking." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1692.

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Internal force of a concrete member duo to temperature variation is related to stiffness. A reduction of stiffness occurs and the magnitude of the internal forces drops from the values existing before cracking when cracking occurred due to temperature variation. Internal force of axial tension member due to temperature variation developed in a jagged style with cracking. Calculation method of internal force and stiffness reduction coefficient of axial tension member due to temperature variation was presented accounting for cracking. Given example shows stiffness reduction coefficient has a close relationship with number of cracks and steel ratio. Member with high steel ratio subjected to the same temperature variation has more cracks and smaller crack width.

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Zhang, Shi Min, Xing Ming Jia, Teng Kun Yuan, Wei Guo Liu, and Yin Jun. "Application of Axial Force Compensation for Steel Support System in Practical Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.503.

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The problem always exist in foundation pit engineering that the support axial force can not be regulated in the pit system in real time.According to setting the axial force compensation system,the problem would be solved perfectly and efficiently,realizing the fact control and adjust the support axial force and stability. The axial force compensation system which is constituted by jacks distributed in the pit has been confirmed the significant role to control foundation pit deformation and internal force monitoring combined with practical engineering

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Tsagkir Dereli, Tountzer, Nils Schmidt, Tim Furlan, Raphael Holtermann, Dirk Biermann, and Andreas Menzel. "Simulation Based Prediction of Compliance Induced Shape Deviations in Internal Traverse Grinding." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5020060.

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Internal traverse grinding (ITG) using electroplated cBN tools in high-speed grinding conditions is a highly efficient manufacturing process for bore machining in a single axial stroke. However, process control is difficult. Due to the axial direction of feed, changes in process normal force and thus radial deflection of the tool and workpiece spindle system, lead to deviations in the workpiece contour along the length of the bore, especially at tool exit. Simulations including this effect could provide a tool to design processes which enhance shape accuracy of components. A geometrical physically-based simulation is herein developed to model the influence of system compliance on the resulting workpiece contour. Realistic tool topographies, obtained from measurements, are combined with an FE-calibrated surrogate model for process forces and with an empirical compliance model. In quasistatic experimental investigations, the spindle deflection is determined in relation to the acting normal forces by using piezoelectric force measuring elements and eddy current sensors. In grinding tests with in-process force measurement technology and followed by measurement of the resulting workpiece contours, the simulation system is validated. The process forces and the resulting characteristic shape deviations are predicted in good qualitative accordance with the experimental results.

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Maślak, Mariusz, and Małgorzata Snela. "The axial force influence on the flexibility of steel joints subject to bending under fully developed fire conditions." Budownictwo i Architektura 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1827.

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The axial force qualitative influence as well as its quantitative evaluation on the behaviour of the flexible steel beam-to-beam and column-to-column knee joints subject to bending under fire conditions are assessed and discussed in detail. The proposed calculation algorithm is based on the generalization of classical component method. The essential effect of such axial force is not only the correction of internal forces applied to particular joint components, but also the significant modification of their strain conditions.

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Zhang, Shixiong, Xiang Li, Hongqiang Ma, and Haoju Wen. "Mechanical analysis of normal force interference on axial force measurement for internal sting balance." Aerospace Science and Technology 58 (November 2016): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.08.028.

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9

Zhang, Yao, Jun Dong, Guohua Li, and Xiufang Wang. "Calculation and Analysis of Truss Internal Force Based on Beam Element." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2148, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2148/1/012041.

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Abstract For plane truss structure, starting from the analysis of ideal truss model, the influence of tangential deformation and angular deformation on the secondary internal force of the truss is fully considered through Python program. It is obtained through analysis that: in the ideal truss model, the Pδ second-order effect causes the member to produce tangential deformation and angular deformation, resulting in secondary internal forces. Numerical analysis shows that due to the influence of secondary internal force, the axial force error of ideal truss model can reach 19.731% and the secondary shear force is almost all the members of the truss, and the secondary moment only appears at the support. The research results have important reference value for the engineering design and high-precision internal force analysis of truss structures.

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10

Kim, Do-Young, Chang-Hoon Sim, Jae-Sang Park, Joon-Tae Yoo, Young-Ha Yoon, and Keejoo Lee. "Buckling Knockdown Factors of Composite Cylinders under Both Compression and Internal Pressure." Aerospace 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8110346.

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The internal pressure of a thin-walled cylindrical structure under axial compression may improve the buckling stability by relieving loads and reducing initial imperfections. In this study, the effect of internal pressure on the buckling knockdown factor is investigated for axially compressed thin-walled composite cylinders with different shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios. Various shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios are considered when the buckling knockdown factor is derived for the thin-walled composite cylinders under both axial compression and internal pressure. Nonlinear post-buckling analyses are conducted using the nonlinear finite element analysis program, ABAQUS. The single perturbation load approach is used to represent the geometric initial imperfection of thin-walled composite cylinders. For cases with the axial compressive force only, the buckling knockdown factor decreases as the shell thickness ratio increases or as the slenderness ratio increases. When the internal pressure is considered simultaneously with the axial compressive force, the buckling knockdown factor decreases as the slenderness ratio increases but increases as the shell thickness ratio increases. The buckling knockdown factors considering the internal pressure and axial compressions are higher by 2.67% to 38.98% compared with the knockdown factors considering the axial compressive force only. The results show the significant effect of the internal pressure, particularly for thinner composite cylinders, and that the buckling knockdown factors may be enhanced for all the shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios considered in this study when the internal pressure is applied to the cylinder.

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11

Pandelea, Alexandrina Elena, Mihai Budescu, Lucian Soveja, and Maria Solonaru. "Determination of Internal Forces Using Artificial Neural Networks." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.151.

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Design and verification of engineering structures require knowing the numerical values of sectional internal forces as close to reality, considering that the intervention construction works are correlated with these values.Most of the computer programs are working with finite element method, which was designed by engineers and founded by mathematicians. After running the computer program, stresses and deformations maps are generated as results.Considering these results, using artificial neural networks, a computer program has been designed, which is able to determine internal forces of a section, namely axial force, shear force and bending moment.Neural network input parameters consist of color maps resulted from numerical modeling, numerical values of the normal and tangential tensions and dimensions of the structural element.This procedure is particularly useful when using finite element programs that do not have the ability to determine sectional internal forces.

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12

Shen, Fulin, and Xiaochun Song. "Internal Force Analysis of Parabolic Arch Considering Shear Effect under Gradient Temperature." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 631, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/631/1/012053.

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Abstract This paper theoretical analysis the internal force of the fixed parabolic arches under radient temperature gradient field incorporating shear deformations. The effective centroid of the arch-section under linear temperature gradient is derived. Based on force method and energy method, the analytical solutions of the internal force of fixed parabolic arches at pre-buckling under linear temperature gradient field are derived. A parameter study was carried out to study the influence of linear temperature gradient on the internal force of the fixed parabolic arches with different rise-span ratio and varying slenderness ratio. It is found that the temperature gradient and the rise-span ratio has a significant influence on the internal force of the parabolic arches, the influence of shear deformation causes the bending moment increase while the axial force decreases, and the axial force of parabolic arches decreases as the rise-span ratio increases.

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13

Chen, Wen Yuan. "Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Pile-Soil Coupling Effect in Consideration of Large Span Cable-Stayed Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1270.

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Using the viscouselastic artificial boundary, three conditions of long-span cable-stayed bridge are analyzed,such as pile cap consolidation, pile - structure and pile soil structure interaction. Natural frequency of bridge of pile - soil - structure coupling becomes small and cycle becomes long. The pile bottom reaction force decreased obviously, at the same time, the axial force , bending moment, axial force of cable, tower of axial force and bending moment is also reduced significantly. Cable-stayed bridge is a special flexible structure, so, static internal force calculation in the tower bottom consolidation pattern is safe, but the value is too large.

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14

Jiang, Fan, Chun Liang Zhang, and J. H. Xiang. "Design and Numerical Analysis of the Internal Suction Flow Heat Sink." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.824.

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The traditional heat pipe has shortage about interference of evaporator channel and return channel, separating evaporation channel with the return channel, building in axial pump to force the fluid flow, the internal suction flow heat sink with forced circulation is designed. By numerical simulation, this heat pipe has a better effect to heat transfer. The influences of structural parameters to heat transfer effect are analyzed.

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15

Doubrovsky, M. P., and V. O. Dubravina. "MODEL TESTING OF THE "PILE-SOIL" INTERACTION UNDER AXIAL FORCE." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 83 (June 4, 2021): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-83-102-111.

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Modern marine structures (berths, breakwaters, offshore platforms, etc.) often include steel tubular piles of essential length (80-100 m and more) that should provide high bearing capacity in case of external axial loads application. Interaction between elements of the system “piled structure – soil media” is not studied sufficiently yet. It relates also to the bearing capacity of the long steel tubular piles of large diameter. One of the interesting peculiarities of long tubular piles behavior is the formation of soil plug at the piles tip. There are a lot of suggestion and methods aimed to increase piles bearing capacity under static pressing load. One of them relates to use of the additional structural element, i.e., the internal diaphragm welded to the internal surface of the pile shaft. Such approach has been applied in some practical cases of marine construction and demonstrated its effectiveness. At the moment there are no researches focused on study of the peculiarities of internal diaphragm application. So proposed research aimed to study two connected processes during steel tubular pile driving: soil plug formation at the tip of the open-end pile and soil behavior under the internal diaphragm fixed inside the tubular pile shaft. To study mentioned processes we provided several series of laboratory experiments fulfilled at the Geotechnical laboratory of the Department “Sea, River Ports and Waterways” in Odessa National Maritime University. In these experiments the model of steel tubular pile has been driven (pressed) into fine sand by mechanical jack. The first series was devoted to determination of the conditions related to the soil plug formation at the pile tip. The next series were aimed to study the influence of the flat rigid diaphragm inside the pile shaft. Obtained experimental results allow to conclude that (a) in the fine sand the plug is formatted at the comparatively early stage of pile installation (in case of our modeling – at the penetration depth of some 4-5 pile diameter); (b) our empirical assessment of the conditions of soil plug formation corresponds to the approaches based on PLR and IFR characteristics; (c) formation of soil plug at the pile tip is followed by decreasing of soil level in the pile shaft relatively its initial value (on completing the plug formation the soil level in the shaft become stable); (d) regarding above mentioned, we may note that in case of use of internal diaphragm on the recommended depth (5-7 pile diameters) there may be no contact between diaphragm and the soil inside the pile (e) application of the diaphragm may lead to increasing of the pile’s bearing capacity. It was proposed (and checked by our tests) the technological improvement based on sand filling into space under the internal diaphragm to provide constant diaphragm-soil contact and related soil resistance.

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Lin, Gui Yu, Yan Feng Luo, Ting Na Sun, and Kui Xian Li. "The Design Method of Major Parameters for Built-Up Columns." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.264.

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Built-up columns are widely used in engineering structure, but it is confusing for designers how to determine the parameters of built-up columns. The paper based on the user's basic needs which are the minimum working radius and working load, would simplify working load, support force and hoisting force to the vertex of built-up columns. From the origin of design, and to analyze mechanic behavior of built-up columns, and have found the relationship between internal forces, that is, the axial force, the swing force, the support force, and the working load. In accordance with design experience, the relationship between axial internal stress and its total working stress, critical stress and limit of yielding, had been respectively determined. According to this knowledge to determine the mass and the geometrical parameters of major cross-sections and roots of built-up columns, and a comparison between the results and ones of examples calculations were made, and it was found that the results are reasonable. This will offer a design method of determining the major parameters of built-up columns at the phase of the preliminary design, and improve the independent design capability.

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Jia, Wen Wen, and Deng Feng Wang. "Internal Force Evaluation of Non-Uniform Beam in Portal Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1454.

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To simplify the internal force evaluation of portal frame being composed of non-uniform members, the force method was used to solve internal force of every key section of the non-uniform beam in portal frame with single-span. Gauss numerical integration method was used to simplify the complex integration when the deformation energy was calculated. Under the precondition of satisfied accuracy, the direct expressions of bending momentshear force and axial force of every key section of beam were obtained. The research work can be used as reference for the evaluation and design of portal frame members.

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Dong, Jian, Wuke Liang, and Wei Dong. "Numerical calculation and analysis of axial force of multistage centrifugal submersible pump." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012046.

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Abstract The study of axial force has been a hot spot in fluid mechanics research, and the magnitude of axial force directly affects the stability, safety, and efficiency of submersible pumps. This paper takes 200QJ50 multistage centrifugal submersible pump with spatial guide vane as the research object, simulates and numerically calculates the internal flow field of multistage submersible pump based on Standard k-ε turbulence model, a SIMPLE algorithm, and high-resolution format through CFX software, analyzes the distribution law of static pressure and velocity field of the multistage submersible pump under 0.7Qd , 0.8Qd , 0.9Qd , 1.0Qd and 1.1Qd working conditions and compared the theoretical and simulated values of the corresponding axial force for each working condition. The results show that with the increase of the flow rate, the axial force of the multistage submersible pump shows a downward trend; the axial force generated by the first stage impeller has a larger proportion, and reaches the maximum value in the design condition; the traditional axial force calculation formula can more accurately predict the axial force under the design condition, and the error is 6%. The results of this study can provide references for the design and optimization of multistage centrifugal submersible pumps.

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Wang, Chengxiang, Chengkun Lu, Wei Han, Hongsong Sun, and Huailiang Kou. "Comparative Study of Pile Pillared Support and Pile-anchor Retaining in Deep Pit." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301042.

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Support pattern is the most important factor affecting the stability of foundation pit. In order to study the stable state of deep foundation pit, this paper selects pile pillared support and pile-anchor retaining which are high accident rate for comparison, and optimizes the construction scheme combined with the actual deep foundation pit project. The deformation of the supporting structure and the settlement of the foundation pit of Huiquan Square are used to analyze by FLAC3D. The variation range and trend of the internal force of the steel support and the axial force of the anchor cable are analyzed under the different values of the soil layer parameters, such as elastic modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle. The results show that the internal force of pile pillared support is greatly affected by the change of cohesion and the anchor axial force is greatly affected by the change of elastic modulus and internal friction angle. Meanwhile, the influence degree of each soil layer parameter on the internal force of support structure is different, which provides reference suggestions for the selection of support pattern of deep foundation pit.

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Wei, Zhang, Chuan Xiong Fu, Lu Feng Yang, and Jin Zhang. "Internal Forces and Steel Arrangement Analysis on the Steel Lined Reinforced Concrete Penstocks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.99.

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he steel lined reinforced concrete penstocks (SLRCP) is always looked as an axisymmetric structure according to the design code, which can not show the true load-carrying capacity when considering the dam’s constraint to the SLRCP. In this paper, the physical non-axisymmetric property of the structure is simulated using the finite element method. The internal force distribution of every cross section in the SLRCP is studied, and a design method for steel arrangement based on axial force is proposed. When considering the non-axisymmetric property, the axial force in those cross sections approaching the bottom of the structure may be reduced more than 30% to the calculated value by the axisymmetric analysis. The larger the inner radius of the penstock or the thickness of the concrete wall is, the more marked the non-axisymmetric property of the SLRCP is.

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Liu, Jun-Peng, Murilo Augusto Vaz, Rong-Qi Chen, Meng-Lan Duan, and Irving Hernandez. "Axial mechanical experiments of unbonded flexible pipes." Petroleum Science 17, no. 5 (September 9, 2020): 1400–1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00504-3.

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Abstract Axial structural damping behavior induced by internal friction and viscoelastic properties of polymeric layers may have an inevitable influence on the global analysis of flexible pipes. In order to characterize this phenomenon and axial mechanical responses, a full-scale axial tensile experiment on a complex flexible pipe is conducted at room temperature, in which oscillation forces at different frequencies are applied on the sample. The parameters to be identified are axial strains which are measured by three kinds of instrumentations: linear variable differential transformer, strain gauge and camera united particle-tracking technology. The corresponding plots of axial force versus axial elongation exhibit obvious nonlinear hysteretic relationship. Consequently, the loss factor related to the axial structural damping behavior is found, which increases as the oscillation loading frequency grows. The axial strains from the three measurement systems in the mechanical experiment indicate good agreement, as well as the values of the equivalent axial stiffness. The damping generated by polymeric layers is relatively smaller than that caused by friction forces. Therefore, it can be concluded that friction forces maybe dominate the axial structural damping, especially on the conditions of high frequency.

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Xin, Chun Lei, and Bo Gao. "Composite Lining Aseismic Design for Fault-Crossing Tunnel Structures." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.30.

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Although underground structures have stronger aseismic performance than ground structures, seismic disasters of mountain tunnels were fairly conspicuous in Wenchuan Great Earthquake. On the basis of seismic disaster analysis, a composite lining designfor tunnel structures across active fault was put forward. Three-dimensional numerical simulation method was used to analyze aseismic and damping effect of this structure. The results show that: (1)After setting aseismic and damping structure, the maximum internal forces value in lining the pattern of internal forces will not change. (2)Aseismic and damping structure setting can directly reduce the bending moment value and increase the axial force and stress force value in lining structure. (3) Relative to aseismic and damping structure, grouting region around damping layer can ameliorate internal force condition in lining structure and improve the effect of aseismic and damping structure. The above research results contribute to provide reference for seismic fortification of tunnel structures across active faults.

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Zhang, Pei, Huiting Xiong, and Junsheng Chen. "Unified Fundamental Formulas for Static Analysis of Pin-Jointed Bar Assemblies." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060994.

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The initial axial forces of members—whatever caused by prestress or external loads—may strongly change the mechanical properties of pin-jointed bar assemblies, to enhance, or even establish their structural stiffness. The structural responses under external disturbance cannot be calculated accurately if the influence of initial axial forces has not been considered appropriately. In this paper, an analytic theory considering the effect of initial internal forces is developed on the basis of linear elasticity hypothesis. The fundamental formulas proposed finally include generalized equilibrium equations and generalized compatibility equations, both of which have square coefficient matrices of full rank being transposed with each other. Generally, this method can be regarded as an extended version of a traditional force method considering the stiffening effect of initial internal forces. Compared with the matrix force method, it has a wider application scenario since few redundant simplifications are employed in the derivation of the formulas. In comparison with the displacement-based algorithm, the proposed method has the inherent advantages of the force method—the physical concepts of each item in equations are fairly explicit; and the combination coefficients of self-stress states and mechanisms are determined simultaneously in solving the structural responses. Thus, it is very helpful for us to essentially comprehend the principle that the pin-jointed bar assemblies resist the external loads.

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Pang, Caoyuan, Jianting Zhou, Ruiqiang Zhao, Hu Ma, and Yi Zhou. "Research on Internal Force Detection Method of Steel Bar in Elastic and Yielding Stage Based on Metal Magnetic Memory." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071167.

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Based on the metal magnetic memory effect, this paper proposed a new non-destructive testing method for the internal tensile force detection of steel bars by analyzing the self-magnetic flux leakage (SMFL) signals. The variation of the SMFL signal of the steel bar with the tensile force indicates that the curve of the SMFL signal has a significant extreme point when the tensile force reaches about 65% of the yield tension, of which the first derivative curve has extreme points in the elastic and yielding stages, respectively. To study the variation of SMFL signal with the axial position of the steel bar under different tensile forces, a parameter reflecting the fluctuation of the SMFL signal along the steel bar is proposed. The linear relationship between this parameter and the tensile force can be used to quantitatively calculate the tensile force of steel bar. The method in this paper provides significant application prospects for the internal force detection of steel bar in the actual engineering.

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Zhou, Xiang Ling. "Simulation and Numerical Analysis on Anti-Float Anchor by Field Rock and Soil Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.671.

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This paper introduces the stress and deformation of anti floating anchor rod and explained the damage. Through field testing and numerical analysis, the article were studied the displacement and internal force of a basement tensile anti float anchor, results showed that: the axial force of bolt tension transfer is top-down transfer, axial force decreases, the stress concentrate on the end. When a force is applied to a certain load, end firstly generate damage, but with the deepening of the axial force, it is greatly reduced, which indicates that the anchor force is an effective length, rather than the longer the anchor pullout force is bigger; anchor group effect is a problem that can not be ignored, because the engineering community for its attention degree is not enough, so that the design of anti floating anchor the lack of a reliable basis, the test results can provide a reference for the future design of anti floating anchor. Prestressed anchors in the tension lock, prestressed loss are regularly.

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Pan, Jian Zhi, Deng Qing Cao, and Shi Ming Chu. "Analysis on Axial Displacements of an Engine Main Shaft in Complex Temperature Environments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.714.

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Considering the characteristics of an aero-engine whose main rotor, as an asymmetric structure, operating in a non-uniform temperature environment, a new dynamical modal of shaft is established for axial displacement analysis based on temperature internal force of non-uniform temperature field. The influence of non-uniform temperature field and the temperature changing are quantified. Based on the influence of temperature internal forces, the analytical formulae of axial displacement of a specified point in the shaft under a continuous temperature field and a discretized temperature field are derived, respectively. At last, the acceleration warming formula is used to simulate the warming up and stable time period, and its variation regularity is compared and analyzed. The relationship between strains of rotor main shaft and temperature internal forces are obtained through the new model and its analytical formulae. Furthermore, the feasibility and relevance of the new model are verified by an equivalent conclusion.

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Wang, Guofu, Jinhua Shang, Xianfeng Ma, and Xiyong Xu. "Equivalent Inertial Force Method of Seismic Calculation for Subway Station in Soft Site." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4751071.

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On the basis of the structural characteristics of subway stations, structural inertial force can be simplified as multiple concentrated force acting on the member connecting node by using equivalent inertial force method of seismic calculation in soft site, and then internal forces of the structure will be analyzed. According to the principle that the maximum bending moment values of equivalent inertial force method and dynamic time-history analysis method are equal and the location is the same, the value of equivalent inertial force is determined, and the shear and axial force are ensured by introducing correction factor. The result shows that the calculation results of equivalent inertial force method are accurate and reliable. It can meet the design requirements and improve computational efficiency.

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Shu, Jicheng, Jianping Sun, Dingwen Zhang, and Huanwei Wei. "Sequential Measurement and Analysis of Large Underground Retaining Structures by Diaphragm Wall Anchor for the Spring Area." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5291420.

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The performance of a diaphragm wall-anchor structure in spring area in Jinan city, China, is studied. Based on field measured data, lateral wall deflections, lateral soil movements, horizontal displacement of the capping beam, the maximum lateral wall deflection, ground surface settlement, lateral earth pressures on diaphragm wall, internal force of diaphragm wall, axial anchoring forces, settlements of adjacent building, and pore-water pressure are investigated. The results indicate that the maximum deflections of the lateral wall are 0.07%∼0.18% of the excavation depth (He). The ground surface settlement influence zone extends beyond 2.5He from the pit for this project. The δv,max ranges from 0.67 δh,max to 1.0 δh,max. The maximum lateral active earth pressures on diaphragm walls above the excavation bases range between 0.4He and 0.6He. The axial anchoring forces of the top three layers of anchors change significantly during the excavation while the axial anchoring force of the fourth layer of anchor is constant. The deformation of surrounding building has three stages, including a uniform subsidence stage, an accelerated subsidence stage, and a stable subsidence stage.

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Hu, Chang Ming, Yan Guo, Jie Wang, and Qiong Wu. "Whole-Process Analysis of the Mechanical Responses of High Formwork Support Systems during Concrete Pouring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1583.

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An underground club in Xian is taken as the research object to explore the mechanical response of the internal poles of its high formwork support system during concrete pouring. The internal force static measurement of the high formwork support system is carried out. Each stage of the concrete pouring is simulated by the finite element analysis software ANSYS in the form of load step, whose results are contrasted with the measured results. The contrast reveals that the concrete pouring sequence has direct influence on the tendency of poles axial force and on the location of maximum axial force and that it is reasonable to adopt imaginary horizontal force which simulates the initial defects to carry out the overall stability analysis of the high formwork support system. It is pointed out that the program of setting up the formwork and the concrete pouring sequence should be determined with the finite element analysis.

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30

Hallworth, R. "Passive compliance and active force generation in the guinea pig outer hair cell." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 2319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2319.

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1. Cochlear outer hair cells 20-80 microns in length were compressed axially in vitro using calibrated glass fibers mounted on a piezoelectric actuator. 2. When driven by rectangular pulses in the compression direction, the motion of the fiber tip consisted of a rapid initial compression that was complete in 10-20 ms followed by a smaller compression of slower time course. 3. The initial fiber deflections were found to be linear in amplitude for compressions up to 400 nm. The axial compliances of outer hair cells were calculated from the difference between the fiber tip motions when unattached and when in contact with a cell. Axial compliances were found to be in the range of 0.04-1.2 km/N for 149 cells. The axial compliance was an increasing function of cell length. 4. The peak forces generated by electrically stimulated outer hair cells were measured from the deflection of a glass fiber when the cells were stimulated by sinusoidal voltage commands. The slope gains of force generation (force generated per mV of command at the cell membrane) were estimated to range from 0.01 to 100 pN/mV. Most of the results fell in the range of 0.1-20 pN/mV. 5. When the apparent stiffness of the fiber was increased by moving the cell closer to the fiber base, the peak amplitude of the fiber deflection generated by the cell decreased and the peak force increased, for the same sinusoidal voltage command. 6. The results of the previous experiment were interpreted in the light of a model of outer hair cell motility in which an ideal extension generating element is in series with an internal stiffness element. This internal stiffness was then calculated for 13 cells. 7. The internal stiffnesses of cells calculated by the above procedure were found to be positively correlated with the axial stiffness measurements obtained for the same cells. 8. The implications of the above results for the effectiveness of outer hair cell motility in vivo are discussed.

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Zhao, Bo, Ya Min Li, and Ping Yan Bian. "Theoretical Research and Simulation of Grit’s Motion for Internal Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.133.

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In order to better reveal the theoretical nature of internal ultrasonic grinding which is an efficient grinding technology, the characteristics of grits motion is analyzed under axial vibration and the grits kinematic equation is established. By using Matlab the single particles trajectory is simulated, then the displacement of a grit is given at any time they contact. Through the theoretical analysis and Matlab simulation, we can achieve that for axial ultrasonic vibration the influences of axial feed on the grits trajectory is too litter to be ignored. So when calculate the contact length of the grinding wheel and the work piece, the grinding wheels axial feed can be neglected. Then the contact length of the grinding wheel and the work piece is achieved. It has a significant value for simplifying the calculation of the grinding force and the analysis of internal ultrasonic grinding.

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Yueyue Zhu, Cheng Liu, Xiaotian Yin, and Jingyu Zhang. "Analysis of the Internal Force and Deformation Characteristics of Double-Layer Lining Structure of Water Conveyance Tunnel." Geofluids 2022 (April 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9159632.

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Shield double-layer lining structure is used to bear large internal water pressure in water conveyance tunnel engineering, but the mechanism of joint stress of structure and force transmission between linings is still unclear. In this paper, a stress calculation model of the double-layer lining structure of shield water conveyance tunnel considering the influence of transition layer between the inner lining and the outer lining is presented. By analyzing the inner lining and outer lining separately, the calculation formulas of radial displacement and circumferential stress are obtained. Then, according to the deformation coordination condition, the relationship between the inner and outer lining radial displacements is established. Thus, the magnitude of the unknown interaction force among the structures is calculated. Finally, through the stress analysis of the lining structure, the axial force, shear force, and bending moment acted on the structure are obtained. By comparing finite element calculation results with analytical calculation results, the rationality of analytical solutions is verified. Based on the proposed analytical method, the influence of inner lining thickness and material parameters of transition layer on the internal force and deformation of lining structure is analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the thickness of the inner lining, the axial force and bending moment increase, while the internal pressure shared by the outer lining decreases. The larger the elastic modulus of the transition material, the smaller the difference between the internal force and deformation of the inner and outer linings.

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Ma, Feng Hai, Yan Wang, and Zhi Bin Wang. "Influence of Side-Pressure Coefficient on Deformation of Tunnel Surrounding Rock and Bolt Axial Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.138.

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Internal force and deformation of surrounding rock and supporting structure of the nonlinear research is the use of finite element software ADINA by ideal elastic-plastic constitutive model.Results show that the lateral pressure coefficient increased from 0 to 1, and even decrease sharply arch sedimentation of surrounding rock, side wall horizontal displacement towards the hole along the radial direction development gradually reduced to 0 and reverse to the hole, when the lateral pressure coefficient is less than 0.5, bolt axial force biggest change is not obvious, when lambda increases gradually, the largest bolt axial force significantly increased.

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Li, Xiao Hong. "Hoop Membrane Stress Analysis of Elbow-Pipe under Single Internal Pressure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1785.

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In the article, a kind of regional force balance method based on plates and shells theories of elastic mechanics are applied to study the hoop membrane stress of the elbow-pipe, while internal pressure is as a single load. By learning the static balance equation ΣFx=0 of a micro-region segment of pipe shell, it is found that axial membrane stress σ1 is perpendicular to x-direction and has no effect to equilibrium condition, here axial stress σ1is discussed explicitly. It shows that, the hoop membrane stress σh of the elbow is the times of straight tube’s hoop stress.

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35

Mushthofa, Malik, Akhmad Aminullah, and Muslikh. "Cross section and geometry optimization of steel truss arch bridges based on internal forces." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925802002.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimum geometric design and cross section member element of steel arch bridges. It is necessary because the geometric design of the steel truss arch bridges have the direct impact to the steel section used in the structures. Therefore, steel section have the impact to the economic value of the bridge design due to the structure weight. There are many important variables have to considered in the bridge design. Rise to span ratio variable is the major variable in the arch bridge geometric design. Arch bridge structures rely on the axial force capacity of the main arch, whereas shear forces and bending moments as secondary consideration. The optimization process is done by collecting the axial force, shear force and bending moment data of each steel arch bridge numeric model, and scaling its value from 0 to 1 to compare the data of every span in the same field, in order to achieve the optimum rise to span ratio. Rise to span ratio data of steel arch bridges in China and Japan used as the comparison with the result of this study, due to their brief history and rich experiences on arch bridge engineering innovation, and also have the large of amount of steel arch bridges. The results of this study give the optimum value of rise to span ratio between 1/4 to 1/7. It has good correlation with the rise to span ratio data of steel arch bridges in China and Japan i.e. 1/4 - 1/6 and 1/5 - 1/7 respectively.

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36

Mohan, R., A. Krishna, F. W. Brust, and G. M. Wilkowski. "J-Estimation Schemes for Internal Circumferential and Axial Surface Cracks in Pipe Elbows." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842353.

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In the spirit of GE/EPRI fracture mechanics procedure, estimation schemes for the crack driving force for circumferentially and axially surface-cracked pressurized elbows subjected to bending are developed. These schemes are based on the results of line-spring/shell model. The line-spring/shell model offers an attractive and inexpensive alternative to performing a large number of analyses of surface-cracked structures. This model has been shown to provide accurate predictions in comparison with the more involved three-dimensional model by Mohan (1998). Using the results of this model and following the GE/EPRI procedure, the coefficient functions, F1 and h1, which provide the necessary information for predicting the crack driving force in cracked elbows, for several elbow and crack geometries are tabulated.

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37

Dong, Wei, Diyi Chen, Jian Sun, Yan Dong, Zhenbiao Yang, and Junle Yan. "Influence of Balance Hole Diameter on Leakage Flow of the Balance Chamber in a Centrifugal Pump." Shock and Vibration 2021 (February 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8860493.

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The balancing holes in centrifugal pumps with seals mounted in both suction and discharge sides are one of the approaches used by pump manufacturers to reduce the axial thrust. The balance hole diameter directly affects the axial force of the centrifugal pump. The flow characteristics in the balance chamber are closely related to the balance hole diameter. However, research is not very clear on the internal flow of the balanced chamber, due to the small axial and radial sizes and the complicated flow conditions in the chamber. In this paper, we analyzed the influence of the balance hole diameter on the liquid leakage rate, flow velocity, and vortex motion in the balance chamber. The results indicated that when the balance hole diameter was lower than the design value, the volume flow rate of leakage flow was proportional to the diameter. The liquid flow rate and vortex distribution rules in the balance chamber were mainly associated with the coeffect of radial leakage flow in the rear sealing ring interval and the axial balance hole leakage flow. The research has revealed the mechanisms of leakage flow of the balance chamber in the centrifugal pump and that this is of great significance for accurate calculation and balancing of the axial force.

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38

Li, Yan, Bingjun Gao, Shuo Liu, Kaiming Lin, and Juncai Ding. "Finite Element Analysis of the Limit Load of Straight Pipes with Local Wall-Thinning Defects under Complex Loads." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 4850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104850.

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Local wall thinning is a common defect on the surface of pipelines, which can cause damage to the pipeline under complex pipeline loads. Based on the study on the limit load of straight pipes with defects, the nonlinear finite element method was used to analyze the limit load of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under internal pressure, bending moment, torque, axial force, and their combinations, and the empirical limit-load equations of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under single and complex loads were fitted. Based on the allowable load on the equipment nozzles, the influences of torque and axial force on the load-bearing capacity of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects were quantitatively analyzed. For medium and low-pressure equipment, the load-bearing capacity was reduced by 0.59~1.44% under the influence of torque, and by 0.83~1.80% under the influence of axial force. For high-pressure equipment, the load-bearing capacity was reduced by 10.07~20.90% under the influence of torque, and by 2.01~12.40% under the influence of axial force.

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39

MADURAPPERUMA, M. A. K. M., and ANIL C. WIJEYEWICKREMA. "INELASTIC DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AN RC BUILDING IMPACTED BY A TSUNAMI WATER-BORNE SHIPPING CONTAINER." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 06, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431112500017.

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In the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, buildings without in-fill walls in the first story, which allow the unimpeded flow of tsunami waves, have been constructed in the regions of low seismic risk. However, columns in such buildings could be susceptible to impact of tsunami water-borne massive objects. In the present study, the impact of a tsunami water-borne shipping container on a reinforced concrete (RC) building is considered. The impact force-time histories are obtained from a high-fidelity finite element analysis, for a range of container velocities. These force-time histories are used in the impact analysis of the RC building and potential failure modes of the impacted column, changes in column axial forces, and floor displacements are studied. For the range of container velocities considered, it is found that although the axial load carrying capacity of the impacted column has significantly decreased, the building remains stable due to redistribution of internal forces to adjacent members.

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40

Mu, Huan Sheng, Ling Gao, Yu Guo Liang, and Wen Dong Ma. "Research on Internal Force Analysis of Shaking Table Test for Prestressed Pipe Piles Used in Tang Shan-Cao Feidian Expressway." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.750.

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In order to study the applicability of pipe piles in Tang-Cao expressway, shaking table model test was carried out. The results shows that, the internal force distribution of the pile under the action of seismic wave is basically the same with the behavior that is under the action of sine wave ; in the position of the 4 times pile diameter (distance the top of the pipe model about 200mm) appears the maximum axial force and bending moment; the change of the additional axial force in the upper portion of the pile is more complex, and tends to increase downward; the change of the moment tends to stable blow the distance of 20times the pile diameter from the pile top (distance the top of pipe model about 1000mm)

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41

Du, Ji Tao, Cheng Zhan Chen, Can Huang, and Qi Jun Chen. "Optimization of Process Parameters of Tube Hydroforming Based on Orthogonal Experiment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.542.

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Numerical simulation was made on parameters like internal pressure and axial force as well as friction coefficient of tube that affect the formation of variable cross-section tube. Through numerical simulation and orthogonal optimization, the most thickness reduction ratio and thickness uniformity on different conditions were contrasted and analyzed. An optimum scheme was obtained and it could improve the formability of variable cross-section tube. The result indicates that the axial force plays the most important role on thickness reduction ratio. The result provides technical support for the variable cross-section tube hydroforming research.

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42

Quillin, K. J. "Ontogenetic scaling of burrowing forces in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 18 (September 15, 2000): 2757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.18.2757.

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In hydrostatic skeletons, it is the internal fluid under pressure surrounded by a body wall in tension (rather than a rigid lever) that enables the stiffening of the organism, the antagonism of muscles and the transmission of force from the muscles to the environment. This study examined the ontogenetic effects of body size on force production by an organism supported with a hydrostatic skeleton. The earthworm Lumbricus terrestris burrows by forcefully enlarging crevices in the soil. I built a force-measuring apparatus that measured the radial forces as earthworms of different sizes crawled through and enlarged pre-formed soil burrows. I also built an apparatus that measured the radial and axial forces as earthworms of different sizes attempted to elongate a dead-end burrow. Earthworms ranging in body mass m(b) from hatchlings (0.012 g) to adults (8.9 g) exerted maximum forces (F, in N) during active radial expansion of their burrows (F=0.32 m(b)(0.43)) and comparable forces during axial elongation of the burrow (F=0.26 m(b)(0.47)). Both these forces were almost an order of magnitude greater than the radial anchoring forces during normal peristalsis within burrows (F=0.04 m(b)(0.45)). All radial and axial forces scaled as body mass raised to the 2/5 power rather than to the 2/3 power expected by geometric similarity, indicating that large worms exert greater forces than small worms on an absolute scale, but the difference was less than predicted by scaling considerations. When forces were normalized by body weight, hatchlings could push 500 times their own body weight, while large adults could push only 10 times their own body weight.

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43

Gu, Jinke, Lin Huang, Feng Qiu, and Xiaoguang Jin. "Mechanical Behavior of Supporting Structure of Rectangular Deep Ventilation Shaft in Rail Transit." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913602021.

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In order to analyze the mechanical behavior of surrounding rock and initial support during shaft excavation and support process, reveal the law of stratum displacement, the stress characteristics of surrounding rock and the internal force of supporting structure during construction, this paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element numerical model relying on the construction process of a ventilation shaft in Chongqing Rail Transit. The results show that the stress of shotcrete, the bending moment of supporting structure, the axial force of bolt and the axial force of I-beam are all within the allowable range. The "S" shape bending occurs in the range of 60m~70m for the axial force of bolt and cross brace I-beam. According to the results of model test, there is inflection point in the pressure distribution of rectangular deep ventilation shaft in rail transit, which provides a basis for the support design of deep ventilation shaft.

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Yang, Lin Hui, Rong Xiao, Xian Wu Ji, Hong Nan Li, and Tong Sun. "Study on Broken Wire Impact and Safety Degree Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.229.

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Considering transmission tower-line system coupling vibration ,construct a three dimensional finite element nonlinear analysis model for 500KV Shanghai to Xuzhou transmission line project.Execute Dynamic response analysis of transmission tower-line system under broken wire impact with SAP2000.The results show that :broken wire influence on the reaction of transmission tower-line system displacement and internal force can not be ignored ;influence on the reaction of transmission tower-line system displacement and internal force caused by ground wire broken is less while that of conductor is significant,peak value of a stem internal force can be as much as 2 times initial axial force ;the more wires are broken,the vibration response of transmission tower-line system is greater, the safety degree is lower;when it comes to internal force,there is significant difference between consider broken wire load as impact load and as static load,dynamic effects cannot be ignored.

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45

I Wayan Wirya Aristyana and Muhammad Fauzan. "Analisis dan Desain Struktur Atas Hotel 10 Lantai di Kabupaten Bogor terhadap Beban Gempa." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsil.6.1.1-10.

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The type of soil at the location of the hotel building is a type of medium land (D). The applications used in this study are ETABS V16.1 and AutoCAD. Based on the PUSKIM website, the Ss and S1 Bogor City were 0.881 and 0.356, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis of the application ETABS V16.1 obtained fewer reinforcement design results than the existing reinforcement. The maximum nominal moment of the beam is 508.3 kNm while the ultimate moment is 498.4 kNm. The maximum nominal shear force of the beam is 565.9 kN while the ultimate shear force is 538.4 kN. The maximum nominal moment of the column is 1488.5 kNm while the maximum ultimate moment is 1478 kNm. The maximum nominal axial force of the column is 6291 kN while the maximum ultimate axial force is 6287 kN. The maximum nominal bending moment of the floor plate is 41.3 kNm while the maximum ultimate moment is 39.9 kNm. The maximum nominal shear force of the floor plate is 234.7 kN while the maximum ultimate shear force is 228.9 kN. The nominal shear force of shear wall is 8238.5 kN while the ultimate shear force is 8194.7 kN. Based on the internal forces, the building that has been built is in accordance with the plan so that it is safe to withstand earthquake loads.

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46

Kardomateas, George A. "Elasticity Solutions for Sandwich Orthotropic Cylindrical Shells Under External/Internal Pressure or Axial Force." AIAA Journal 39, no. 4 (April 2001): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.1366.

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47

Kardomateas, George. "Elasticity solutions for sandwich orthotropic cylindrical shells under external/internal pressure or axial force." AIAA Journal 39 (January 2001): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.14789.

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48

Ripley, P. W., and Y. P. Korkolis. "Multiaxial Deformation Apparatus for Testing of Microtubes Under Combined Axial-Force and Internal-Pressure." Experimental Mechanics 56, no. 2 (October 2, 2015): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0097-y.

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Xu, Qiang, and Xing Jun Qi. "Analysis on Seismic Pounding of Curved Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 800–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.800.

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Based on the impact phenomenon between the end of the beam and the bridge abutment of the curved continuous bridge during earthquakes, a spatial finite element calculating model with collision element is presented. The law of collision is studied by the nonlinear contact time history analysis method under two three-dimensional ground motions. The variation laws of relative displacement and the internal force at the bottoms of piers are researched. In addition the changing of displacement and internal force at the end diaphragm are studied. The results show that the pounding action can easily lead to significant collision forces between the end beam and the abutment of the curved bridge which increases the axial force of girder evidently. The collision forces and longitudinal displacements from the inner to outer of the diaphragm generally are showed by an increasing trend, and the pounding action is more fierce under Elcentro ground motion than that under Tianjin ground motion.There is no relative displacement of consolided pier, bending moment and shear force of the consolided pier are greater than that of the mobile pier.The conclusions from the present study may serve as a reference base for seismic design of continuous curved bridges.

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Yan, Xian Li, Qing Ning Li, Chang Gao, and Li Ying Wang. "Research on Dynamic Performance of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Trussed Arch Bridge under Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1222.

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Taking a double span- swallows-type CFST (concrete-filled steel tubular) trussed arch bridge as an engineering example; a spatial finite element analysis model is established to calculate its dynamic characteristic. The seismic responses in different earthquake input directions are calculated based on the elastic dynamic time history method. Results show that: the out-plane stability of the bridge is weaker than that of the in-plane; the torsion resistance ability of the bridge deck is smaller than that of the arch ribs; the axial force-Fx, shear force-Fz and bending moment-My of the bridge are mainly controlled by longitudinal seismic forces, whereas the shear forces-Fy, bending moment-Mz and torque-Mx are mainly controlled by transverse seismic forces; vertical seismic force has a considerable effect on internal forces of the bridge, so it can not be ignored in seismic design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Axial internal force'

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