Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Axénie'
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Le, Roy Tiphaine. "Implication du microbiote intestinal dans l’insulino-résistance et les pathologies hépatiques associées à l’obésité, étude sur modèle murin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0016.
Full textObesity predisposes people to several severe pathologies, including type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Such pathologies are characterized by insulin resistance and systemic low grade inflammation. Recently, it has been established that such pathologies are associated to a gut microbiota dysbiosis. Moreover, recent studies in mice and human indicate that modulation of gut microbiota composition has beneficial effects on people suffering type 2 diabetes and/or NAFLD. Otherwise, it has been showed that germ-free mice remain lean, normo-glycemic and sensitive to insulin when fed a high-fat diet.The aim of this study was i) to decipher to what extent the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NAFLD depends on the presence or absence of gut microbiota, ii) to determine if the predisposition to metabolic disorders in an obesity context can be transferred via gut microbiota transplantation.We first compared the response of germ-free and conventional mice to high fat diet. Indeed, germ-free mice appeared to be resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. However, germ-freeness only partially protects against diet-induced steatosis, that is to say accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. In conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increase of the hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis. The inverse phenomenon was observed in germ-free mice. In order to study the liver inflammation, we isolated and cultivated liver macrophages from the two groups of mice. As in conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by germ-free mice liver macrophages. However, germ-free mice macrophages remained sensitive to LPS stimulation, which was not observed in the conventional mice group. This results demonstrates that being devoid of gut microbiota deeply alters the immunological and metabolic responses to high-fat diet. Therefore, differences in gut microbiota composition could explain the differences of susceptibility in diet-induced insulin-resistance and NAFLD.Then, we colonised two groups of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota of two conventional mice the responses of which to high-fat diet were discrepant. The two donors mice presented different levels of fasting glycemia and HOMA-IR index despite a similar body weight. Both groups of colonised mice developped comparable obesity but different degrees of fasting glycemia and insulin resistance. Levels of steatosis and hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis were as well different in the two groups of colonised mice. Hence the results clearly show that the gut microbiota is the cause of the predisposition to diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Gut microbiota analysis revealed a higher proportion of lactic acid bacteria, Atopobium, Bacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila in receiver mice resistant to diet-induced insulin resistance and steatosis, which allow us to hypothesize a protective effect of these bacteria in diet-induced metabolic disorders
Lebeuf, Maria. "Gestion des risques de contamination et leur détection en animalerie axénique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69051.
Full textThe use of axenic animals as models have increased exponentially in recent years in experimental research. In order to maintain their axenic status, animals must be contained in traditional isolators or isolators at the cage level, which includes Tecniplast's sealed positive pressure Isocage. However, the most effective way to confirm animal axenic status remains uncertain, especially for cage-level isolators, which carry a greater risk of contamination than the traditional isolator due to their most frenquent contact with outer environment. This Master's project aims were to manage the risk of contamination associated with Isocage by optimizing disinfection by immersion and determining the effectiveness of axenic precautionary measures; then finally to determine the effectiveness of the detection measures to demonstrate the presence of microbial contaminants in axenic Isocages. The optimization of disinfection by immersion made it possible to determine the residual microbial load found on the surface of Isocages between two cage changes, to evaluate the sporicidal efficiency of two disinfectants, and finally to determine the optimal disinfection time for the immersion of the axenic cages during a change of cage depending on the concentration of disinfectants used. The effectiveness of axenic precautionary measures has been confirmed by comparing the microbial flora found on the surface of cages contained in axenic and non-axenic rooms. The effectiveness of detection measures to demonstrate the presence of contaminants in Isocage has been determined by developing, validating and optimizing three different methods, then by testing in situ their effectiveness to detect contaminants artificially introduced into axenic cages. This work constitutes an important contribution to the field since it is one of the first to discuss risk management and the effectiveness of detection methods when using Isocage and the immersion basin attached to the biosecurity station with axenic animals.
Cibrelus, Prisca. "Leishmania infantum : caractérisation de protéines du stade amastigote relarguées dans les surnageants de culture axénique." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON13508.
Full textHaddou, Zohra. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions hôte-bactéries : modulation des structures pariétales et de la translocation d'Escherichia coli chez la souris axénique et monoxénique à Bifidobacterium." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD821.
Full textBor, Emmanuel. "Réforme budgétaire et gestion axée sur les résultats en Afrique subsaharienne : l'exemple de Maurice." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010256.
Full textFiscal reform implemented in Mauritius from 2008 was part of an overall strategy to modernize public finance management that places performance at the heart of public policy-making. Based on a proactive change management, and supported by the extensive renovation of the tax and public procurement systems, changes in budget rules have increased managerial autonomy of the executive. However, assessing the impact of the medium-term budget framework and programme-based budgeting on control over the fiscal position, credibility of the sector allocations and public spending effectiveness highlights the limitations of the reform and calls for a renewed interpretation of the success of the Mauritian model of public management for results. Its originality is strongly related to building a culture of accountability in the public service and institutional choices that are the specific product of a national social and administrative history, helping to impose a political vision of performance in the process of public expenditure rationalization. The simultaneous emergence of extra-budgetary funds management and programme-based budgeting leads to identify a hybrid approach to fiscal reform, whose adaptation to Sub-Saharan African countries may be challenged
Abba, Hachimi. "L'esprit 4C dans l'entreprise : pour une coopération créative axée sur la communication et la confiance." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9d8be4fa-66e8-44aa-944e-2accc1af18c7.
Full textThis thesis examines project’s human dimensions, which has become a tool in business management. These dimensions were explored through two types of projects: the ISO 9001 quality certification and the implementation of a new Information System. Both projects share the same point: the difficulties, that is to say the lack of communication in the implementation of these tools of modern management. For most businesses this communicational aspect seems to easily go without saying. But, the observations we made on the field confirm the opposite. Therefore, this study consists in, on the one hand, studying projects’ communicational phenomena in business in order to understand why the human factor reacts against these tools; and on the other hand, implementing a model incorporating these human dimensions. This model called 4C has been proposed and implemented in the company. It is built around four fundamental concepts: communication, cooperation, confidence, creativity. The capitalization of the 4C model by the company and its extension to other projects in the group is a first perspective. Other research prospects will aim to improving the model along with organization and company as research laboratory
Chrétien, Samuel. "La performance environnementale des entreprises et le risque de réputation : une approche axée sur le comportement." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9771.
Full textVandette, Line. "La nature des effets associés à une démarche axée sur le développement du pouvoir d'agir des personnes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25291/25291.pdf.
Full textKhelil, Nabil. "Contribution à la compréhension de l'échec entrepreneurial : vers une taxonomie empirique axée sur la dialogique entrepreneur nouvelle entreprise." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0685.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to highlight the multiple configurations of new ventures failure and the different entrepreneur profiles associated with them. We adopt a triangulation method combining typological and taxonomic analysis. Based on integrative approach, a typology of eight “conceptual” failures configurations is derived from the combination of three theories: the population ecology of organizations, the resource-based view and the goal-achievement gap theory. To identify the “empirical” configurations of entrepreneurial failure, a taxonomic analysis was conducted by using hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering algorithms. To this end, we used a sample of 105 new ventures recognized by external observers as being in difficulty. To reduce the gap between the high level of abstraction suitable for typological and the “contextual reality” revealed by the taxonomy, and in order to develop an interpretative framework to operationalize entrepreneurial failure, the research methodological process incorporated an exploratory qualitative analysis based on ten failure case studies. Five empirical failures configurations were identified which associated with the “looser”, the “supported at arm's length”, the “megalomaniac”, the “dissatisfied with lord” and “big-time gambler” entrepreneur’s profiles. The findings of this research have opened our eyes to the need for professional actors of entrepreneurship like the counsellor, to take account the multiple configurations of entrepreneurial failure
Savard, Annie-Claude. "Habitudes problématiques de jeux de hasard et d'argent à l'adolescence : une analyse axée sur la perspective de l'acteur." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26891.
Full textRémillard, Judith. "Utilité et utilisation de la traduction automatique dans l’environnement de traduction : une évaluation axée sur les traducteurs professionnels." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37784.
Full textRojas, Danielle. "L'utilisation de la notion d'identité constitutionnelle : recherche axée sur les acteurs de la mobilisation de l’identité constitutionnelle nationale dans l’Union européenne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0105.
Full textThe notion of constitutional identity occupies a pivotal place in relations between the Member States and the European Union. It is therefore not surprising that this notion focuses interest. However, the choice of the term "constitutional identity" raises a paradox. The semantics chosen to express this counter-limit is, in essence, fuzzy.However, while there has already been a lot of literature on the subject, the function and even the conceptualization of this notion, there are few writings which, beyond the very notion, relate to the actors who are at the origin and on those who exploit it effectively, make it live, interpret it, in a word, who use it.It is therefore the path that wants to be taken here: that of seeking the concrete use of the notion of national constitutional identity and, beyond that, the bearers of this notion
Charland, Julie M. L. "Influence de la pratique réflexive sur le perfectionnement professionnel et l'évaluation axée sur l'apprentissage dans l'évaluation du rendement de la direction d'école." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23551.
Full textApril, Daniel, and Daniel April. "Supervision pédagogique en contexte de gestion axée sur les résultats : pratiques de membres de la direction d'établissement d'enseignement accompagnés en communauté d'apprentissage." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35002.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019.
La réussite scolaire présuppose une délimitation claire des responsabilités des acteurs du système de l’éducation, un suivi des apprentissages des élèves et, si nécessaire, l’apport de réajustements aux pratiques pédagogiques. Une absence de responsabilité et d’imputabilité pourrait nuire aux progrès en matière d’éducation et venir cristalliser les pratiques préjudiciables dans les systèmes éducatifs (UNESCO, 2017). Dans cette optique, au Québec, la Loi sur l’instruction publique (LIP) est venue prescrire une approche contractuelle de gouvernance nommée Gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR) qui oblige le ministère de l’Éducation, les commissions scolaires et les établissements à se fixer des objectifs pour la diplomation et la persévérance des élèves et à en être imputables. Au niveau local, la supervision pédagogique constitue un processus incontournable pour la direction d’établissement afin d’atteindre ces objectifs (Brassard, Lusignan et Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Or, bien que la finalité de l’approche de GAR fasse consensus – soit l’amélioration de l’efficacité éducative – la philosophie derrière ce mode de régulation soulève d’importants enjeux, dont la lourdeur de ces politiques qui force les directions à consacrer plus de temps à la réalisation de tâches administratives au détriment de tâches pédagogiques (Champoux-Lesage et collab., 2014). De plus, les formations traditionnelles ne préparent que partiellement les directions à exercer leurs responsabilités liées à la supervision pédagogique (Bickmore, 2010). Dans ce contexte, le travail de collaboration entre les milieux de recherche et de pratique se révèle une piste d’avenir pour la formation dans le champ de l’administration de l’éducation (Bernatchez, 2017 ; Bouchamma, April et Basque, 2018 ; CTREQ, 2018 ; MELS, 2008). Cette collaboration permet à la fois le développement des pratiques de la communauté professionnelle et l’avancement des connaissances de la communauté scientifique (Bourassa et collab., 2013). Dans cet esprit de collaboration, cette recherche doctorale aspire à mieux comprendre et à améliorer les pratiques professionnelles en supervision pédagogique de membres de la direction d’établissement (n = 37) dans un contexte de GAR. Cette recherche trouve son fondement dans trois concepts : la supervision pédagogique individuelle et collective, la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle (CAP) et le développement professionnel. Parallèlement, nous retenons la théorie de la fixation des objectifs (Locke et Latham, 1990 ; 2002 ; 2013). Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un projet Chantier 7 Programme de soutien à la formation continue du personnel scolaire intitulé « Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne » (Bouchamma et Giguère, 2014-2017). Des membres de la direction d’établissement d’enseignement des commissions scolaires des Découvreurs (n = 21) et des Navigateurs (n = 16) ont participé au projet sur une base volontaire. Cette recherche est basée sur un devis mixte (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). Le corpus issu de 21 rencontres en communauté d’apprentissage a fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2012) et les données quantitatives, recueillies à partir d’un questionnaire, ont été soumises à des tests T, de régression et de statistiques descriptives. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les pratiques de supervision individuelle par les membres de la direction tendent à être plus fréquentes que celles collectives. Les pratiques individuelles sont surtout axées sur la rencontre d’observation, et moins sur la prérencontre ou la rencontre post-observation. La pratique de supervision collective la moins mise de l’avant est celle de créer des structures collaboratives axées sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. En second lieu, les résultats montrent que peu de membres de la direction sont portés à quantifier leurs cibles et à développer des indicateurs chiffrés ; ces derniers mettent principalement l’accent sur la planification stratégique (les moyens) et moins sur les processus de contractualisation (l’évaluation de l’atteinte des objectifs). Enfin, bien que les membres de la direction associent la supervision collective à un idéal à atteindre et identifient plusieurs obstacles liés à l’accompagnement individuel, ces derniers tendent à mettre davantage en pratique la supervision individuelle. En ce sens, les pratiques mises de l’avant ne collent pas toujours en tous points aux idéaux d’une supervision plus collective. Mots clés : communauté d’apprentissage, développement professionnel, direction d’établissement d’enseignement, gestion axée sur les résultats, obstacles, pratiques gagnantes, recherche collaborative, supervision pédagogique, théorie de la fixation des objectifs.
La réussite scolaire présuppose une délimitation claire des responsabilités des acteurs du système de l’éducation, un suivi des apprentissages des élèves et, si nécessaire, l’apport de réajustements aux pratiques pédagogiques. Une absence de responsabilité et d’imputabilité pourrait nuire aux progrès en matière d’éducation et venir cristalliser les pratiques préjudiciables dans les systèmes éducatifs (UNESCO, 2017). Dans cette optique, au Québec, la Loi sur l’instruction publique (LIP) est venue prescrire une approche contractuelle de gouvernance nommée Gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR) qui oblige le ministère de l’Éducation, les commissions scolaires et les établissements à se fixer des objectifs pour la diplomation et la persévérance des élèves et à en être imputables. Au niveau local, la supervision pédagogique constitue un processus incontournable pour la direction d’établissement afin d’atteindre ces objectifs (Brassard, Lusignan et Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Or, bien que la finalité de l’approche de GAR fasse consensus – soit l’amélioration de l’efficacité éducative – la philosophie derrière ce mode de régulation soulève d’importants enjeux, dont la lourdeur de ces politiques qui force les directions à consacrer plus de temps à la réalisation de tâches administratives au détriment de tâches pédagogiques (Champoux-Lesage et collab., 2014). De plus, les formations traditionnelles ne préparent que partiellement les directions à exercer leurs responsabilités liées à la supervision pédagogique (Bickmore, 2010). Dans ce contexte, le travail de collaboration entre les milieux de recherche et de pratique se révèle une piste d’avenir pour la formation dans le champ de l’administration de l’éducation (Bernatchez, 2017 ; Bouchamma, April et Basque, 2018 ; CTREQ, 2018 ; MELS, 2008). Cette collaboration permet à la fois le développement des pratiques de la communauté professionnelle et l’avancement des connaissances de la communauté scientifique (Bourassa et collab., 2013). Dans cet esprit de collaboration, cette recherche doctorale aspire à mieux comprendre et à améliorer les pratiques professionnelles en supervision pédagogique de membres de la direction d’établissement (n = 37) dans un contexte de GAR. Cette recherche trouve son fondement dans trois concepts : la supervision pédagogique individuelle et collective, la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle (CAP) et le développement professionnel. Parallèlement, nous retenons la théorie de la fixation des objectifs (Locke et Latham, 1990 ; 2002 ; 2013). Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un projet Chantier 7 Programme de soutien à la formation continue du personnel scolaire intitulé « Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne » (Bouchamma et Giguère, 2014-2017). Des membres de la direction d’établissement d’enseignement des commissions scolaires des Découvreurs (n = 21) et des Navigateurs (n = 16) ont participé au projet sur une base volontaire. Cette recherche est basée sur un devis mixte (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). Le corpus issu de 21 rencontres en communauté d’apprentissage a fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique (Paillé et Mucchielli, 2012) et les données quantitatives, recueillies à partir d’un questionnaire, ont été soumises à des tests T, de régression et de statistiques descriptives. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les pratiques de supervision individuelle par les membres de la direction tendent à être plus fréquentes que celles collectives. Les pratiques individuelles sont surtout axées sur la rencontre d’observation, et moins sur la prérencontre ou la rencontre post-observation. La pratique de supervision collective la moins mise de l’avant est celle de créer des structures collaboratives axées sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. En second lieu, les résultats montrent que peu de membres de la direction sont portés à quantifier leurs cibles et à développer des indicateurs chiffrés ; ces derniers mettent principalement l’accent sur la planification stratégique (les moyens) et moins sur les processus de contractualisation (l’évaluation de l’atteinte des objectifs). Enfin, bien que les membres de la direction associent la supervision collective à un idéal à atteindre et identifient plusieurs obstacles liés à l’accompagnement individuel, ces derniers tendent à mettre davantage en pratique la supervision individuelle. En ce sens, les pratiques mises de l’avant ne collent pas toujours en tous points aux idéaux d’une supervision plus collective. Mots clés : communauté d’apprentissage, développement professionnel, direction d’établissement d’enseignement, gestion axée sur les résultats, obstacles, pratiques gagnantes, recherche collaborative, supervision pédagogique, théorie de la fixation des objectifs.
Educational achievement requires a clear delineation of the responsibilities of the stakeholders, monitoring of students’ learning and, if necessary, readjustments to pedagogical practices. The lack of accountability could jeopardize progress and entrench harmful practices in education systems (UNESCO, 2017). In this regard, in the province of Québec, Canada, the Public Education Act law (PEA) advocates using the results-based management approach (RBM). RBM requires the Ministry of Education, school boards and the schools themselves to set performance targets for graduation and perseverance of students. At the local level, pedagogical supervision is an essential process for the school principal in achieving these targets identified in the RBM tools (Brassard, Lusignan and Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Although a consensus has been reached regarding the purpose of the RBM policies – here being the improvement of educational effectiveness – the philosophy behind this method of regulation creates a considerable number of challenges for education stakeholders (Maroy, 2013). For example, because of the administrative burden of these policies, many school principals must devote more time to the execution of administrative tasks, to the detriment of educational tasks, including pedagogical supervision (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). In addition, traditional training methods only partially prepare school principals to meet their pedagogical supervision responsibilities (Bickmore, 2010). In this regard, the collaborative work between the worlds of research and practice is a promising avenue to be explored for training in the field of educational administration (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April and Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). This collaboration allows for both the development of practices and knowledge for the professional community as well as the advancement of knowledge for the scientific community (Bourassa et al., 2013). In this spirit of collaboration, this doctoral research project aspires to better understand and to improve the professional practices of school principals (n = 37) in pedagogical supervision in a context of RBM. This research project is based on three concepts: individual and collective pedagogical supervision, professional learning community (PLC) and professional development. In addition, we retain the theory of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). This research is part of a Chantier 7 project In-service training program for school staff entitled “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma and Giguère, 2014-2017). School principals from the Découvreurs School Board (n = 21) and the Navigateurs School Board (n= 16) were recruited on a voluntary basis. The chosen design is mixed methods (Tashakkori and Teddlie, 2009). The corpus of qualitative data, produced from 21 focus group interviews in learning community was analysed thematically (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2012). Quantitative data collected from a questionnaire was analysed through Ttests, regression, and descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicate that individual supervision practices tend to be more numerous than the collective ones. Individual practices are mainly focused on the in-class observation and less on pre-observation or post-observation meetings. The least-used collective supervision practice is that of creating collaborative structures centered on teaching and learning. Moreover
Educational achievement requires a clear delineation of the responsibilities of the stakeholders, monitoring of students’ learning and, if necessary, readjustments to pedagogical practices. The lack of accountability could jeopardize progress and entrench harmful practices in education systems (UNESCO, 2017). In this regard, in the province of Québec, Canada, the Public Education Act law (PEA) advocates using the results-based management approach (RBM). RBM requires the Ministry of Education, school boards and the schools themselves to set performance targets for graduation and perseverance of students. At the local level, pedagogical supervision is an essential process for the school principal in achieving these targets identified in the RBM tools (Brassard, Lusignan and Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et collab., 2016). Although a consensus has been reached regarding the purpose of the RBM policies – here being the improvement of educational effectiveness – the philosophy behind this method of regulation creates a considerable number of challenges for education stakeholders (Maroy, 2013). For example, because of the administrative burden of these policies, many school principals must devote more time to the execution of administrative tasks, to the detriment of educational tasks, including pedagogical supervision (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). In addition, traditional training methods only partially prepare school principals to meet their pedagogical supervision responsibilities (Bickmore, 2010). In this regard, the collaborative work between the worlds of research and practice is a promising avenue to be explored for training in the field of educational administration (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April and Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). This collaboration allows for both the development of practices and knowledge for the professional community as well as the advancement of knowledge for the scientific community (Bourassa et al., 2013). In this spirit of collaboration, this doctoral research project aspires to better understand and to improve the professional practices of school principals (n = 37) in pedagogical supervision in a context of RBM. This research project is based on three concepts: individual and collective pedagogical supervision, professional learning community (PLC) and professional development. In addition, we retain the theory of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). This research is part of a Chantier 7 project In-service training program for school staff entitled “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma and Giguère, 2014-2017). School principals from the Découvreurs School Board (n = 21) and the Navigateurs School Board (n= 16) were recruited on a voluntary basis. The chosen design is mixed methods (Tashakkori and Teddlie, 2009). The corpus of qualitative data, produced from 21 focus group interviews in learning community was analysed thematically (Paillé and Mucchielli, 2012). Quantitative data collected from a questionnaire was analysed through Ttests, regression, and descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicate that individual supervision practices tend to be more numerous than the collective ones. Individual practices are mainly focused on the in-class observation and less on pre-observation or post-observation meetings. The least-used collective supervision practice is that of creating collaborative structures centered on teaching and learning. Moreover
El éxito académico presupone una delimitación clara de las responsabilidades de los actores del sistema educativo, un seguimiento del aprendizaje de los estudiantes y, si es necesario, reajustes a las prácticas pedagógicas. La falta de rendición de cuentas podría socavar el progreso en la educación y consolidar prácticas perjudiciales en los sistemas educativos (UNESCO, 2017). A este respecto, la provincia de Québec, Canadá, mediante la Ley de Educación Pública demanda la adopción de un enfoque contractual de gobernanza llamado Gestión Basada en Resultados (GBR). Esta Ley obliga al Ministerio de Educación, los distritos escolares y las instituciones a establecer metas para incrementar las tasas de graduación y de retención de los alumnos. A nivel local, la supervisión pedagógica es un proceso esencial iniciado por el director de la escuela para lograr dichos objetivos establecidos en las herramientas de GBR (Brassard, Lusignan y Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et al., 2016). Aunque se ha llegado a un consenso sobre la finalidad de las políticas de GBR – es decir la mejora de la eficiencia de la educación – la filosofía detrás de este modo de regulación plantea cuestiones importantes, incluida la naturaleza engorrosa de estas políticas, lo que obliga a las direcciones a dedicar más tiempo para realizar tareas administrativas en detrimento de otras tareas de carácter pedagógico (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). Además, las formaciones pedagógicas tradicionales preparan solo parcialmente a los directores para ejercer sus responsabilidades de supervisión pedagógica (Bickmore, 2010). En este contexto, el trabajo de colaboración entre los investigadores y profesionales es una vía prometedora de formación en el campo de la administración de la educación (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April y Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). Esta colaboración permite tanto el desarrollo de las prácticas de los profesionales como el avance del conocimiento de la comunidad científica (Bourassa et al., 2013). En este espíritu de colaboración, esta investigación doctoral tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensión y las prácticas profesionales en supervisión pedagógica de los directores de escuela (n = 37) en un contexto de gestión basada en resultados. Esta investigación se basa en tres conceptos: supervisión pedagógica individual y colectiva, comunidad de aprendizaje profesional (CAP) y desarrollo profesional. Al mismo tiempo, conservamos la teoría del establecimiento de metas (Locke y Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). Esta investigación forma parte de un proyecto Chantier 7 Programa de apoyo a la educación continua para el personal escolar titulado “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma y Giguère, 2014-2017). Los directores de escuela, que provenían de las comisiones escolares des Découvreurs (n = 21) y des Navigateurs (n = 16), fueron reclutados de forma voluntaria. La tesis adopta un enfoque mixto (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). El conjunto de datos cualitativos, construido a partir de 21 entrevistas en la comunidad de aprendizaje, se analizó temáticamente (Paillé y Mucchielli, 2012) y los datos cuantitativos, recopilados a partir de un cuestionario, se analizaron mediante pruebas T, análisis de regresión y estadística descriptiva. Los resultados del estudio indican que las prácticas de supervisión de los directores de escuela tienden a ser más frecuentes que las colectivas. Las prácticas individuales se centran principalmente en la observación durante la clase y menos en las pre-observación o postobservación. La práctica de supervisión colectiva menos frecuente es la de crear estructuras colaborativas que se centren en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Además, los resultados muestran que los directores tienen poca tendencia a cuantificar sus objetivos y desarrollar indicadores numéricos. Los directores se centran principalmente en la planificación estratégica (medios) y otorgan menos importancia a los procesos de evaluación del logro de los objetivos. Finalmente, aunque los directores de las escuelas perciben las prácticas de supervisión colectiva como un ideal y mencionan varios obstáculos relacionados con la supervisión individual, siguen inclinándose por la supervisión individual en la práctica. Palabras claves: comunidad de aprendizaje, desarrollo profesional, directores de escuela, gestión basada en resultados (GBR), investigación colaborativa, obstáculos, prácticas líderes, supervisión pedagógica, teoría del establecimiento de metas.
El éxito académico presupone una delimitación clara de las responsabilidades de los actores del sistema educativo, un seguimiento del aprendizaje de los estudiantes y, si es necesario, reajustes a las prácticas pedagógicas. La falta de rendición de cuentas podría socavar el progreso en la educación y consolidar prácticas perjudiciales en los sistemas educativos (UNESCO, 2017). A este respecto, la provincia de Québec, Canadá, mediante la Ley de Educación Pública demanda la adopción de un enfoque contractual de gobernanza llamado Gestión Basada en Resultados (GBR). Esta Ley obliga al Ministerio de Educación, los distritos escolares y las instituciones a establecer metas para incrementar las tasas de graduación y de retención de los alumnos. A nivel local, la supervisión pedagógica es un proceso esencial iniciado por el director de la escuela para lograr dichos objetivos establecidos en las herramientas de GBR (Brassard, Lusignan y Pelletier, 2013; Maroy et al., 2016). Aunque se ha llegado a un consenso sobre la finalidad de las políticas de GBR – es decir la mejora de la eficiencia de la educación – la filosofía detrás de este modo de regulación plantea cuestiones importantes, incluida la naturaleza engorrosa de estas políticas, lo que obliga a las direcciones a dedicar más tiempo para realizar tareas administrativas en detrimento de otras tareas de carácter pedagógico (Champoux-Lesage et al., 2014). Además, las formaciones pedagógicas tradicionales preparan solo parcialmente a los directores para ejercer sus responsabilidades de supervisión pedagógica (Bickmore, 2010). En este contexto, el trabajo de colaboración entre los investigadores y profesionales es una vía prometedora de formación en el campo de la administración de la educación (Bernatchez, 2017; Bouchamma, April y Basque, 2018; CTREQ, 2018; MELS, 2008). Esta colaboración permite tanto el desarrollo de las prácticas de los profesionales como el avance del conocimiento de la comunidad científica (Bourassa et al., 2013). En este espíritu de colaboración, esta investigación doctoral tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensión y las prácticas profesionales en supervisión pedagógica de los directores de escuela (n = 37) en un contexto de gestión basada en resultados. Esta investigación se basa en tres conceptos: supervisión pedagógica individual y colectiva, comunidad de aprendizaje profesional (CAP) y desarrollo profesional. Al mismo tiempo, conservamos la teoría del establecimiento de metas (Locke y Latham, 1990; 2002; 2013). Esta investigación forma parte de un proyecto Chantier 7 Programa de apoyo a la educación continua para el personal escolar titulado “Améliorer les compétences des gestionnaires d’établissement scolaire en supervision pédagogique par la communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique professionnelle en présentiel et en ligne” (Bouchamma y Giguère, 2014-2017). Los directores de escuela, que provenían de las comisiones escolares des Découvreurs (n = 21) y des Navigateurs (n = 16), fueron reclutados de forma voluntaria. La tesis adopta un enfoque mixto (Tashakkori et Teddlie, 2009). El conjunto de datos cualitativos, construido a partir de 21 entrevistas en la comunidad de aprendizaje, se analizó temáticamente (Paillé y Mucchielli, 2012) y los datos cuantitativos, recopilados a partir de un cuestionario, se analizaron mediante pruebas T, análisis de regresión y estadística descriptiva. Los resultados del estudio indican que las prácticas de supervisión de los directores de escuela tienden a ser más frecuentes que las colectivas. Las prácticas individuales se centran principalmente en la observación durante la clase y menos en las pre-observación o postobservación. La práctica de supervisión colectiva menos frecuente es la de crear estructuras colaborativas que se centren en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Además, los resultados muestran que los directores tienen poca tendencia a cuantificar sus objetivos y desarrollar indicadores numéricos. Los directores se centran principalmente en la planificación estratégica (medios) y otorgan menos importancia a los procesos de evaluación del logro de los objetivos. Finalmente, aunque los directores de las escuelas perciben las prácticas de supervisión colectiva como un ideal y mencionan varios obstáculos relacionados con la supervisión individual, siguen inclinándose por la supervisión individual en la práctica. Palabras claves: comunidad de aprendizaje, desarrollo profesional, directores de escuela, gestión basada en resultados (GBR), investigación colaborativa, obstáculos, prácticas líderes, supervisión pedagógica, teoría del establecimiento de metas.
Le, Guern Sarah. "Les attitudes des élèves inscrits en formation axée sur l'emploi qui ont fréquenté une classe de cheminement particulier concernant leur parcours scolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34973.
Full textIn Quebec, the political discourse on the academic adaptations of students with handicaps, social maladjustments and learning difficulties (EHDAA) has evolved considerably. These political changes have had a direct impact on the care of students in difficulty in the school system. The current system favors the inclusion of these students in ordinary classes in a "normalizing" way. However, another 50% of students with special needs studies attend a special high school class. In addition to this discrepancy, studies have shown that EHDAA students who attend a regular class are more likely to succeed in school than those who attend a special class. These results seem relevant because they are consistent with those of Rousseau (2009), who notes the lack of qualification and graduation among this population despite the establishment of special classes and vocational training in high school. The purpose of this study is to collect data on the attitudes of students with adjustment and learning difficulties (EDAA) who attended a special high school class and who are currently enrolled in an employment-based training program (ECSPF3). Analyzing students' attitudes in special classes by asking them about their school career seems relevant and new since it allows to bring new scientific knowledge to research and intervention paths to educational actors. This descriptive study, written in a constructivist current, aims to analyze the attitudes of eight ECSPFs in order to seek ways of intervention. A reflection on the management of EDAA in special classes would promote their perseverance and their success in school.
Pereira, Daniel. "Accès au langage écrit et psychomotricité : effets d’une intervention psychomotrice axée sur les compétences temporelles sur l’apprentissage de la lecture et ses troubles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1566&f=15617.
Full textThis research aims to link psychomotor therapy closer to reading development in order to put forward new educative practices (to facilitate the development of reading abilities), and also rehabilitative methods (to remedy developmental dyslexia). The theoretical framework link temporal skills, and especially rhythmic skills, phonological awareness and reading, but also cognitive and executive functions, like short term memory and inhibition, which are important for reading development and psychomotricity. Consequently, the effects of a psychomotor intervention based on the development of temporal skills on reading abilities, in preschoolers (experimentation 1) and in dyslexic children (experimentation 2) were tested. Experimentation 1 was conducted with 61 children followed for three years, from de second years of kindergarten until the end of the first grade. These children were divided into two groups, a control and an experimental group, who received psychomotor training with temporal skills in kindergarten. Through the results of children in the control group, we analyzed the interactions between rhythm, skills related to reading development, memory and inhibition in kindergarten. In addition, our analysis put forward the predictive values of rhythm skills on reading skills in kindergarten and first grade. Finally, we were able to understand the effects of psychomotor training on phonological awareness and inhibition, by comparing reading and cognitive skills evolution of children (control versus experimental group). Experimentation 2 was conducted with 10 children (9 to 12 years old) with diagnosis of developmental dyslexia. The protocol consisted on four test sessions each spaced of 10 weeks. The period between the first and the second test served as a control period, as was the period between the 3rd and the 4th test. Between the 2nd and the 3rd evaluation, the children received individually a psychomotor training (experimental period). The evolution of dyslexic children over the experimental period was compared to their own evolution over the two control periods. Finally, we suggest the interest of practices related to psychomotor education to facilitate the development of reading abilities, especially on phonological awareness and inhibition development, as well as the interest of psychomotor therapy to help on dyslexia's remediation
Jacouton, Elsa. "Etude de la modulation de voies métaboliques par une sélection de bactéries lactiques et bifidobactéries dans la cellule épithéliale intestinale humaine : détermination des effets physiologiques induits par la bactérie Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCMI - 4317 dans un modèle murin axénique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066169.
Full textOver the last decades, an increase of metabolic diseases (obesity, type-2 diabetes…) has been observed with dramatic consequences on human health. Scientific interest has extended for a better understanding of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) regulation of host energy balance. PPAR- (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ), a nuclear receptor, and FIAF (fasting – induced adipose factor), a secreted adipokine, appear as two major regulators of energy homeostasis.In this study we examined the mechanisms of Fiaf regulation by LAB. We identified a lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) CNCMI-4317 strain up-regulating Fiaf expression in intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29). We determined that the effect was probably due to a surface exposed protein acting in a PPAR- independent manner. We confirmed this regulation in an in vivo model. Furthermore, we performed a whole genome transcription (of HT-29 in contact with bacteria) confirming the Fiaf regulation and suggesting an additional lipids metabolism regulation. We characterized a HT-29 PPAR- luciferase reporter model. We applied functional metagenomic approach developed inside the team to screen bacteria genomic libraries. We failed to identify clones of interest among tested libraries. We also performed a screening of LABs on PPAR- luciferase reporter model but after characterization of bacterial effect we failed to confirm it using another approach based on RT-qPCR and speculated that it was a direct effect on luciferase activity. This work contributed to a better knowledge of host metabolism regulation by bacteria
Milebe, Vaz Christian. "La nouvelle gouvernance financière publique dans les organisations du système des Nations Unies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D079.
Full textThis thesis on the new public financial governance in the United Nations system has two parts : first part - the implementation of the new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system ; and second part - the strengthening of the new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system. For our study, we applied the relevant elements of the terms of reference established by certain subsidiary bodies for new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system, in particular those that relate to the cycle from planning to establish reports being discussed more in detail in the two parts of the thesis. This framework applies to the new public financial governance as a whole. However, for some special activities, only the results-based budgeting is practiced. Some elements of the terms of reference do not therefore apply in the context of the present thesis, however, other aspects considered important for any new public financial governance process are taken into account
Girard, Caroline. "L'effet des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines sur la performance organisationnelle des PME agroalimentaires québécoises : approche de contingence axée sur la diversité culturelle." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1682/1/000136085.pdf.
Full textFortier, Stéphanie. "Impact de la stimulation psychomotrice axée sur le jeu, sur l'inclusion d'enfants ayant un handicap (3-5 ans) dans des centres de la petite enfance." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1510/1/000129912.pdf.
Full textFaye, Pascal Waly. "Analyse des opinions et des perceptions des enseignants et des directeurs d'établissement sur l'implantation de la gestion axée sur les résultats dans les établissements scolaires québécois." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28175.
Full textDuplessis, Louise. "Évaluation de l'influence d'une approche pédagogique adaptée axée sur le conte et les habiletés du conteur sur la propension à la lecture des élèves d'une classe de maturation." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9263.
Full textBarry, Mamadou I. "L'aide à la santé : mobilisation et coordination. Une analyse économique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12001/document.
Full textInternational cooperation in health has experienced over the last decade, one of the most dynamic periods in its history. The resources available have increased, a plethora of health agencies have been established, and civil society and the private sector have been mobilized. More participatory approaches have emerged in how to raise funds and deliver assistance. However, enthusiasm for these changes was accompanied by a growing unease, a feeling that the actions in the field are "scattered", loosely connected and that the "waste" continue. The increasing number of players would thus have complicated the management of aid to recipients, increased the transaction costs and increased fixed costs in total aid. As a result, the literature indicates that improving the efficiency of international assistance has to go through increased coordination of aid actors, including donors. Our thesis aims to show that if it is justified to restore order in the chaotic architecture of aid, including that of health, donor agreement on limited objectives on the basis of cost- effectiveness criterias is unrealistic. Based on the extensive literature on aid, on the evaluation reports, interviews and qualitative operation of empirical data, we emphasize why the current agenda of coordination does not allow a reduction in the dispersion of aid
Kande, Muidikayi Henri. "Concentration démographique urbaine et difficultés de gestion des déchets solides ménagers à Kananga (en République Démocratique du Congo). Approche pour l'éducation à l'environnement axée sur la gestion des déchets solides ménagers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/330839/3/TheseHenriKandeVersionFinalecorrigee2021.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bedrani, Larbi. "Modulation de l'immunité innée moléculaire de l'oeuf." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4008/document.
Full textThe egg is a balanced source of different nutrients and contains a myriad of antibacterial peptides/proteins that ensure its chemical protection. These molecules are a part of its innate molecular defense and, in addition to the maternal immunoglobulins IgY, contribute to the protection of the forming embryo whose development occurs ex utero. It is well documented that yolk immunoglobulin deposition is induced by the environmental microbiome of the hen but no such evidence is available for antimicrobial peptides/proteins. Therefore the aim of this thesis was to assess whether the hen has the ability to stimulate the innate molecular immunity of the egg white when facing a higher environmental microbial load (commensal or pathogenic). To address these questions, we developed two main experimental approaches; the first assessed the impact of the hen environmental microbial load through the comparison of three groups of hens with different immune status:-Germ free, -Specific pathogen free (SPF), and -conventional. The second approach explored the effect of different types of immune stimulation in hens: non-infectious stimulation (systemic injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)); immune stimulation using attenuated live vaccines (Infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis vaccine and a complex of Eimeria vaccine). Our results show that the activity of egg white is increased in response to higher microbial environmental charge, after LPS systemic stimulation or after vaccinating hens with live attenuated viral and bacterial strains. However this response is moderate both in its amplitude and microbial spectrum. Altogether, it appears that hens when subjected to immune stimuli, have the ability to reinforce moderately the antibacterial activity of the egg white as an attempt to anticipate the need of protection of their embryos
Cheurfa, Abdelhak. "La réforme budgétaire en Algérie : à la recherche d'un modèle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D035.
Full textThis thesis traces the guidelines of the modernization of budgetary systems project in Algeria in line with the institutional reforms which tend to rise the performance-based budgeting to the rank of an international standard of good governance. The aim of the work is, first, to outline the progress as well as the setbacks of the Algerian budget reform project, to highlight, then, its intrinsic practical and legal contradictions and to provide, finally, understanding and explanation about the considerable delay in implementing a reform initiated fifteen years previously. Enrolling in the limited rationality approach, this work outlines and validates the following descriptive hypothesis: the transition to a performance-based budget system is possible only if the basic elements of the previous budgetary system have been consolidated. Today, the universality of the performance concept must bring to consider certain elements and to ignore others following a dynamic equilibrium specific to each context, regardless of the essential issues that are common to which the thesis strives to identify.This thesis finally founds the following transverse hypothesis: the current Algerian context marked by the character essentially annuitant of the State's finances is antithetical to the performance’s theme. While establishing the observation that the progress of the reform is done during a discontinuous process, the study concludes that the recent deterioration of the State's finances will probably complete to erect performance-based budgeting as an economic and a political imperative
Ntsoulamba, Jean-Paul. "Oralité et écriture romanesque : étude comparative axée sur trois romans congolais : 1° La Légende de Mpfoumou Ma Mazono, de Jean Malonga ; 2° La Palabre stérile, de Guy Menga ; 3° Le Pleurer-rire, de Henri Lopès." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030050.
Full textNegro-african national litteratures are nowadays the object of a thorough study. Numerous works : master's degree and detailed studies diploma papers, doctoral thesis and essays attest brilliantly to this cultural reality. They rise up and restore the image of litteratures which have remained unrecognized for a long time. Those works are generally based on oral tradition and offer a poetic and esthetic vision of the world so far as they lay on the outstanding aspects of orality. The study we present here underlines the definite data of orality and its interferences qith novelistic works. Orality is implicity framed in literary written work the painting here presented has a wealth of literary resonances from the congo a french speaking country. But this painting glosses before all the deep deposits of the congolese novel even if we sometimes evoke other literary styles which are so stately and so significant
Benidir, Toufik. "Le pilotage des finances publiques algériennes vers l'idéologie de la performance : un processus inachevé." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30055.
Full textThe management by result is the outcome of long efforts that has been adopted by the most developed countries in order to modernize their administrations' performance. Already, the new liberal trend initiated by these countries, as a result of globalization, leads all public authorities around the world to rethink their approach to management so that not only allow a better allocation of budgetary resources, but also in order to develop a control device aimed to improve the efficiency of public spending to achieve predefined results.In this context, Algeria, like other developing countries, initiated a whole process of modernization of the budgetary system, called "MSB", it seeks to improve its operation by moving increasingly towards a efficient management of revenues from the oil returns. This is necessary while current problems require a real need for economic recovery, rational and transparent deployment of public expenditure.In fact, this thesis aims to analyze this approach. It seeks to reveal the major axes for the implementation of the budgeting program in Algeria, and a detailed analysis of the LOLF Algerian project, an option that appears more urgent to revise law n° 84-17 of 7 July 1984 concerning finance laws. It aims to describe both the internal awareness about the need to reform the current system and the proposed reforms or "imposed" by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.The demonstration in this study aims to show the influences of legal heritage and French budgetary practices on Algerian public finances. With a system undermined by sociological links that is poorly prepared for a major change, the current environment is hardly receptive to performing requirements
Laberge, Carl. "Effets d'une séquence de prise de conscience des processus d'écoute menée auprès de personnes peu scolarisées ou peu alphabétisées apprenant le français." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66329.
Full textGrimal, Jean-Yves. "Influence de l'exsudation racinaire de Zea mays L. Sur mobilisation de formes de phosphore difficilement biodisponibles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL058N.
Full textBissonnette, Steve. "Réforme éducative et stratégies d'enseignement : synthèse de recherches sur l'efficacité de l'enseignement et des écoles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25356/25356.pdf.
Full textHui, Zi. "Structure spatiale du réseau complexe et dynamique de diffusion." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812604.
Full textLangevin, Raphaël. "Modélisation du potentiel de rentabilité pour un distributeur énergétique d'une stratégie de report actif en efficacité énergétique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28290.
Full textEnergy utilities such as Gaz Métro and Hydro-Québec must ensure that the capacity of their network is sufficient to satisfy the needs of its customers. When the distribution networks are used at full capacity and the demand for energy increases, these companies have the choice of investing to increase their capacity or encourage their customers to consume less. Investments can be deferred by offering customers energy efficiency programs that reduce demand. Historically, the two distributors and the Régie de l’énergie who supervised them preferred to increase the capacity of their respective networks in order to secure the supply of their customers, especially because they felt like it was not possible to adequately control energy demand. Moreover, as business incomes increase with demand, these firms have no incentive to attempt to reduce it. In this paper, I propose a method for estimating the profitability of an active deferral strategy for an investment aimed at increasing the capacity of distrubution networks coupled with an incentive mechanism. My method combines the updated assessment of the costs and benefits of the investment with a pattern of consumer behavior.
Cherif, Melloulli Siwar. "Les principes de bonne gouvernance financière publique à la lumière de la constitution tunisienne du 27 janvier 2014." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0546.
Full textThe constitunalisation of the public financial governance is a draft of the amendement of the Tunisian State that tries to democratize its institutions by recasting the public action on two essential elements: the first is a democratic one based on the public transprency and the second is a management axis which is purely technical trying to make the performances of the budgetary operations succeed. If this is not possible, the governance has no meaning and the non-governance leads to the expansion of corruption. Thus, the establishement of an evolutionary system and the strengthening of an administratif, legal and parliamentary supervision actions would establish a serious ward againstthis flail.The challenge of Tunisia as a new born democracy is to start a “cultural revolution” to pursue efficient public policies in order to fight against the impunity and the political laxness and to be engaged in a process that aims at making the public finances better in order to support the budgetary disciple to regain financial souvereignty
Chen, Kui. "Modeling and estimation of degradation for PEM fuel cells in real conditions of use for mobile applications." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA022.
Full textProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) is a clean energy source because of the merits like high energy efficiency, low noise, low operating temperature, and zero pollutants. However, the short lifetime caused by degradation has a great impact on the integration of PEMFC in the transportation systems. Prognostics and health management is an important way to improve performance and remaining useful life for PEMFC. This thesis proposes five degradation prognosis methods for PEMFC. The thesis considers the influence of main operating conditions including the load current, temperature, hydrogen pressure, and relative humidity on the degradation of PEMFC. The global degradation trend and reversible phenomena are analyzed on the basis of data from three PEMFC experiments conducted under different conditions of use (a fleet of 10 PEMFC vehicles and two laboratory test benches). First, the model-driven method based on unscented Kalman Filter algorithm and voltage degradation model is presented to predict the degradation of PEMFC in fuel cell electric vehicles. Then, the hybrid method based on the wavelet analysis, extreme learning machine and genetic algorithm is proposed to build the degradation model of PEMFC. To forecast the degradation of PEMFC with limited experimental data, the improved data-driven method based on the combination of the grey neural network model, the particle swarm optimization and the moving window methods, is used for developing the third model. The fourth contribution is an aging prognosis model of PEMFC operating in different conditions, by using the Backpropagation neural network and evolutionary algorithm. Finally, a degradation prognosis of PEMFC based on wavelet neural network and cuckoo search algorithm is proposed to predict the remaining useful life of PEMFC
Hui, Zi. "Spatial structure of complex network and diffusion dynamics." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1005/document.
Full textIn the recent development of network sciences, spatial constrained networks have become an object of extensive investigation. Spatial constrained networks are embedded in configuration space. Their structures and dynamics are influenced by spatial distance. This is proved by more and more empirical data on real Systems showing exponential or power laws spatial distance distribution of links. In this dissertation, we focus on the structure of spatial network with power law spatial distribution. Several mechanisms of structure formation and diffusion dynamics on these networks are considered. First we propose an evolutionary network constructed in the configuration space with a competing mechanism between the degree and the spatial distance preferences. This mechanism is described by a ki + (1 — a), where ki is the degree of node i and rni is the spatial distance between nodes n and i. By adjusting parameter a, the network can be made to change continuously from the spatial driven network (a = 0) to the scale-free network (a = 1). The topological structure of our model is compared to the empirical data from email network with good agreement. On this basis, we focus on the diffusion dynamics on spatial driven network (a = 0). The first model we used is frequently employed in the study of epidemie spreading : the spatial susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model. Here the spreading rate between two connected nodes is inversely proportional to their spatial distance. The result shows that the effective spreading time increases with increasing a. The existence of generic epidemic threshold is observed, whose value dépends on parameter a. The maximum épidemic threshold and the minimum stationary ratio of infected nodes simultaneously locate in the interval 1.5 < a < 2. Since the spatial driven network has well defined spatial distance, this model offers an occasion to study the diffusion dynamics by using the usual techniques of statistical mechanics. First, considering the fact that the diffusion is anomalous in general due to the important long-range spreading, we introduce a composite diffusion coefficient which is the sum of the usual diffusion constant D of the Fick's laws applied over different possible transfer distances on the network. As expected, this composite coefficient decreases with increasing a and is a good measure of the efficiency of the diffusion. Our second approach to this anomalous diffusion is to calculate the mean square displacement (l²) to identify a diffusion constant D' and the degree of thé anomalousness y with the help of the power law {l²} = 4D'ty. D' behaviors in the same way as D, i.e., it decreases with increasing a. y is smaller than unity (subdiffusion) and tends to one (normal diffusion) as a increases
Farhat, Nada. "L'Économie de communion : devoirs moraux et responsabilité sociale axée sur le relationnel dans l'entreprise." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19145.
Full textWithin the liberal economy, a business model was born combining altruism and profit-seeking: the Economy of Communion. Through its social responsibility, this model adopts specific management strategies that try to put people at the center of the firm's activities. The aim of the paper is to present the Economy of Communion, its purpose and the various axes that support it, as well as its understanding of the interaction of the business world with ethics, values and law. In the light of the experience of 811 firms, the Economic of Communion acknowledges the efficiency of its management mode in terms of optimizing entrepreneurial performance. It emphasizes in particular an approach where economic dynamics are based on solidarity and fraternity.
Charbonneau, Julie. "Rôles des superviseurs de stage et formateurs en entreprise dans le programme de formation axée sur l'emploi." Thèse, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7525/1/030826272.pdf.
Full textGodmaire-Duhaime, Florence. "L’intervention sociale axée sur les droits humains : une approche pour soutenir les femmes violentées en situation migratoire précaire." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25571.
Full textThis research engages human rights-based practice in social interventions. In recent years, different people have started combining social work and human rights-based practice. These practices are put forward in various contexts with populations whose rights are violated (Albrithen and Androff, 2014; Berthold, 2015; Briskman et Cemlyn, 2005; Cemlyn, 2008; Engle Merry, 2006; Hessle, 2014; Ife, 2008; Mapp, 2014; Reichert, 2011). Abused women and individuals with precarious immigration status in Canada encounter barriers in the exercise of their human rights. Human rights-based interventions have the potential to foster the exercise of these rights for some of these people (see, for example, Critelli, 2010; Morgaine, 2009; Chammas, 2016). Drawing on existing conceptual models, this research seeks to understand how the human rights-based approach is used in social intervention with abused women with precarious immigration status. It focuses on the study of four moments in the intervention: the evaluation and analysis of the situation, the planning of the intervention, the implementation of the intervention, and its evaluation. To this end, an exploratory qualitative research was carried out. Interviews were conducted with 25 caseworkers with a pertinent experience of human rights-based intervention with abused women with precarious immigration status. These interviews enabled the gathering of information on the perception and practice of caseworkers regarding the human rights-based practice with this population. The content of these interviews was analyzed based on a model of professional practice developed by McPherson (2015) and theoretical propositions by Schmitz (2012) regarding human rights-based approaches. This analysis paints a nuanced portrait of practice at each moment of the intervention. It identifies the elements of the chosen model that are present in the reported interventions, as well as the elements that are absent. The analysis highlights the limits of using this approach, as described by the caseworkers themselves, and put forward by the analysis of their discourse. This dissertation then suggests pathways for developing the understanding and use of this approach, where limits have been identified, in order to help caseworkers to respect, protect and promote the human rights of women living these particularly complex situations. Building on these analyses, this dissertation proposes a new model of professional human rights-based practice. This model is conceived as a guide for practice, and it is formulated in response to preoccupations identified by caseworkers. It highlights the place occupied by human rights principles in human rights-based practice, and it details the essential components of each moment of such an intervention.
Pepin-LeBlanc, Valérie. "Endeuillés, mais non isolés : création et mise en place d’une intervention de groupe axée sur le modèle de l’aide mutuelle auprès d’enfants endeuillés." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9928.
Full textThis research presents a participatory action research with parentally bereavement children. The aim of the project is to understand the experience of bereavement from the perspective of a children who participated at a mutual aid based group work intervention model on this process. First, the realisation of pre and post intervention interviews provide insights on the children's experience of bereavement with regards to their needs and also their perception of their own reality. Second, the group, used as an intervention and a data collect tool reflects, the dynamic's of mutual aid and it's influence on what the members are living emotionally as well to plan various adaptation strategies. In summary, this research in social work, which combines practical knowledge and theory, show the uniqueness of children's bereavement process at the same time than the potential for support obtained through mutual aid group work intervention.
Gagnon, Lisette. "Élaboration et validation de critères de la qualité des soins et services dispensés en interdisciplinarité en réadaptation fonctionnelle et axée sur l'intégration sociale." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17111.
Full textGauthier-Lacasse, Maxime. "Les impacts de la Gestion Axée sur les Résultats en éducation au Québec sur la condition enseignante : une perspective inspirée de Horkheimer et Adorno." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19848.
Full textMartel, Sylvie. "Élaboration d'une grille permettant l'analyse de la qualité de situations d'apprentissage et d'évaluation en lecture auprès d'élèves du parcours de formation axée sur l'emploi." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5469.
Full textThis research project involved the development of an assessment tool for secondary teachers. The objective of the project was to design and validate, with a group of experts, a rubric for analyzing the quality of Learning and Evaluation Situations (LESs) for students with learning difficulties—notably, those in the Work Oriented Training Path (WOTP). This research was designed to support WOTP teachers’ efforts to develop competency-based instruction. The LES is a powerful context for teaching and learning, but remains underutilized. The rubric’s conceptual framework, based on Legendre’s (2005) model of situated learning, facilitates (a) identification of the key features of LESs, and (b) analysis of their quality. Roque, Langevin and Riopel’s 1998 methodology—‘l’Analyse de la valeur pédagigique’ (AVP)—was used to analyze the effectiveness of the rubric for its intended users (i.e., WOTP teachers). This research project’s contribution to the field of education lies in its practicality. The rubric provides teachers with ready access to a reference bank of explanations/examples of key LES features, encouraging reflection regarding the quality of LESs they design.
Landry, Reinelde. "Processus de construction de l'identité professionnelle de directions d'établissement scolaire à travers leur leadership pédagogique par une méthodologie axée sur une pratique réflexive guidée." Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5794/1/D2453.pdf.
Full textLaberge, Marie. "Accueil et intégration sécuritaire et compétente en emploi des élèves inscrits à la formation menant à un métier semi-spécialisé du parcours de formation axée sur l'emploi." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4680/1/D2244.pdf.
Full textGoyette, Nancy. "Le bien-être dans l'enseignement : étude des forces de caractère chez des enseignants persévérants du primaire et du secondaire dans une approche axée sur la psychologie positive." Thèse, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7681/1/030880320.pdf.
Full textGély, Emmanuelle. "Amorce d'une séquence pédagogique relationnelle axée sur l'exploration de la notion de toucher, favorisant le développement des habiletés sociales en enseignement des arts plastiques et médiatiques chez les élèves du primaire." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4678/1/M12408.pdf.
Full textJodoin, Danielle. "Le "sacrifice" du Christ et le "sacrifice" des chrétiens dans la Lettre aux Romains et la Première lettre de Pierre : incidences herméneutiques d'une approche synchronique axée sur les métaphores et l'intertextualité." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6704.
Full textGuimond, Jean-François. "Développement et validation de contenu d'un programme de rééducation du membre supérieur post AVC en ergothérapie." Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9505/1/eprint9505.pdf.
Full textGuimond, Jean-François. "Développement et validation de contenu d’un programme de rééducation du membre supérieur post AVC en ergothérapie." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25188.
Full textBackground. Task-Oriented Training (TOT) is the recommended approach for upper extremity rehabilitation after a stroke. To date, no program have operationalized all the key components of TOT into a valid upper extremity clinical rehabilitation process post stroke in occupational therapy. Objectives. 1) To determine the content validity of an upper extremity rehabilitation program post stroke in occupational therapy and 2) to propose a logic model reaching consensus among experts and patients. Methods. A logic model of an upper extremity rehabilitation program post stroke in occupational therapy was developed and validated. Two research methods were used to validate the content and to achieve a consensus of experts and patients : 1) Delphi method : 14 experts examined audiovisual capsules of the intervention and completed two questionnaires to validate the objectives, the nature of the intervention, the resources, the activities and the outputs; 2) Nominal group technique : six patients with experience of the intervention generated the outcomes. The content validity index, two interrater agreement statistics and a content analysis were used for data analysis. Results. Almost 93 % of the content of the upper extremity rehabilitation program post stroke in occupational therapy obtained a satisfactory validity index, including 82 % reaching consensus among experts and patients in a revised logic model. Conclusion. The revised logic model now offers a common, albeit incomplete, vision of an upper extremity rehabilitation program post stroke based on the TOT in occupational therapy. Activities and outputs of the evaluation should be validated during a subsequent implementation phase. Knowledge translation on the modalities to promote self-efficacy is also to be planned to reassess its role in the intervention program.