Books on the topic 'Awareness of consequences'
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1
Mosha, Aggripina A. The study of planning practices, resident's awareness and attitudes, and their environmental consequences on women and children in the high density area of Sinza in Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam: Women Research and Documentation Project, 1992.
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2
Eastin, Joshua, and Kendra Dupuy, eds. Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0000.
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Abstract This book applies a gender lens to examine the implications of climate change for livelihoods in vulnerable states. The goals are to enhance awareness of climate change as a gender issue, and to highlight the importance of gender in identifying livelihood vulnerabilities and in designing more robust climate adaptation measures, especially in climate-sensitive industries such as agriculture. The contributions in this book examine how the consequences of climate change affect women and men in different ways, and address the implications of climate change for women's livelihoods and resource access. The book is organized into two main sections. The first section (Chapters 2-8) examines disparities in the vulnerability of women's and men's livelihoods to climate change. The chapters in this section address issues such as gender inequalities in the household distribution of labour; differential access to agricultural livelihood inputs and assets; gender-based threats to personal safety and security; and gendered vulnerability to and experiences with climate disasters, food insecurity, and infrastructure development. The second section (chapters 9-16) takes a gender-based view of various climate adaptation initiatives in areas that rely on agriculture for subsistence and production. The contributions in this section address gender-inclusive participation in climate policy planning and decision making, the role of gender in livelihood adaptation measures, and any successes, failures, or opportunities for improvement that emerge from these efforts.
3
Chalton, Alan. Awareness Fears and Consequences. New Breed Publishing, 2001.
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4
Johnson, Stephanie M. ABC: Awareness, Belief, Consequences. BookSurge Publishing, 2005.
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5
Talbert, Matthew, ed. Akrasia, Awareness, and Blameworthiness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779667.003.0002.
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Some philosophers believe that because ignorance tends to excuse, a blameworthy actor will either be akratic—that is, she will be a knowing wrongdoer—or her ignorance will be traceable to a prior instance of knowing wrongdoing. The chapter argues that this claim is false because a wrongdoer’s behavior can exhibit moral and attributional qualities that are sufficient for blameworthiness even if she never acted akratically. However, while blameworthiness does not depend on a wrongdoer recognizing the moral status of her behavior, it often does depend on the wrongdoer being aware of the circumstances in which she acts and the likely consequences of her behavior. Nevertheless, the chapter argues that the fact that an agent could have or should have been aware of the consequences of her behavior is in many cases insufficient for genuine blameworthiness.
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Williams, Erin S. Accidental Awareness under General Anesthesia. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0063.
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Accidental awareness, traditionally termed “awareness” while under general anesthesia, is perhaps the most feared complication of both patients and anesthesiologists alike. Awareness under anesthesia can result in severe physical and psychological pain and may predispose the patient to posttraumatic stress disorder. Reports of awareness, without recall of specific intraoperative events, has not been shown to have significant negative physical and/or psychological outcomes. However, it is the reports of actual awareness under very minimal anesthesia such as a patient who may have received muscle relaxants without accompanying inhalational anesthesia that are often associated with significant negative consequences. Such patients are able to provide specific details of the intraoperative and/or surgical period. The anesthesiologist must be careful to consistently assess and monitor the patient during surgery in order to avoid unintended awareness.
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Ashenhurst, James R., and Kim Fromme. Alcohol Use and Consequences Across Developmental Transitions During College and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0015.
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Alcohol use generally peaks during emerging adulthood, which resides between adolescence and adulthood. For many, this period is also marked by participation in higher education, and college campuses are well-known environments of high-risk drinking. This chapter highlights trajectory groups of heavy episodic drinking and reviews well-studied risk factors for and consequences of alcohol use. Risk factors highlighted include demographics, peer norms, parental awareness and caring, academic motives, personality, and subjective response to alcohol. Those at greatest risk are men, those with greater family wealth, sexual minorities, and Caucasian students. Greater sensation seeking or impulsive personality, low parental awareness, greater stimulation response, and higher peer drinking norms are significant correlates of risky drinking. The consequences of alcohol use examined are aggression, drinking and driving, and alcohol-induced blackouts. The chapter describes findings about special events during which extreme drinking is relatively common: 21st birthdays and football games or other sporting events.
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Darlington, Susan M. Contemporary Buddhism and Ecology. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.26.
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This chapter critically investigates the relationship between Buddhism and ecology, emphasizing the behaviors and intentions of practitioners rather than interpretations of early Buddhist scriptures. Through examination of the contemporary interpretations and implementations of the concept of interdependence (Pali: paticca-samuppada), animal release rituals, and the activities of Thai forest monks and environmental monks, the author aims to understand both what influences Buddhist environmental activists and the degree to which their actions are effectual. Part of this context is to understand the motivations of practitioners and the degree of environmental awareness underlying Buddhist practices that are often perceived to be ecologically friendly. Acts such as animal release rituals often result in unintentional negative ecological consequences. Yet Buddhists can have positive environmental impacts when Buddhist practices are consciously integrated with ecological principles and consequences rather than simply being labeled as environmentally friendly on an abstract level.
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Major, Brenda, and Toni Schmader. Stigma, Social Identity Threat, and Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.3.
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This chapter provides an overview of social identity threat theory and research and discusses its implications for health. The chapter defines social identity threat as the situationally triggered concern that one is at risk of being stigmatized and provides a conceptual model of its antecedents and consequences. Social identity threat stems from mere awareness of the cultural representations that associate a self-relevant social identity with undesirable characteristics, coupled with situational cues that bring these self-relevant cultural biases to mind, and personal characteristics that moderate one’s susceptibility to such experiences. Social identity threat can lead to involuntary psychological and physiological processes that when experienced repeatedly can have detrimental consequences for health. This chapter describes strategies that people use to cope with social identity threat and discusses their implications for health, in addition to providing a description of psychological interventions that can attenuate the negative effects of social identity threat.
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Levine, Joseph. Phenomenal Experience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0013.
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This paper presents a sketch of a theory of phenomenal consciousness, one that builds on the notion of a “way of appearing,” and draws out various consequences and problems for the view. I unabashedly endorse a version of the Cartesian Theater, while assessing the prospects for making such a view work. As I treat phenomenal consciousness as a relation between a subject and what it is she is conscious of, I face a difficulty in making sense of hallucination, since the object of awareness is missing. I distinguish my position from direct realists who endorse disjunctivism, and end on a somewhat speculative note.
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Seeman, Sonia Tamar. Embodied Pedagogy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658397.003.0010.
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Ethnomusicological methods and perspectives provide important contributions to twenty-first-century music pedagogy. In this chapter I make a number of claims regarding (1) the effective teaching of music and what it entails; (2) how heightening awareness of the gap between far and near may be most effectively addressed; and (3) how effective enactment of these teaching goals may aid student engagement with issues in the outside world. I offer three case studies to illustrate the techniques I lay claim to. I conclude with a description of core curriculum reforms at the Austin branch of the University of Texas, reforms that embody these and related pedagogical techniques, and reflect on the consequences of their implementation.
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Rosenhek, Raphael, Robert Feneck, and Fabio Guarracino. Aortic valve disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0014.
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Echocardiography is the gold standard for the assessment of patients with aortic valve (AoV) disease. It allows a detailed morphological assessment of the AoV and thereby makes determination of the aetiology possible. In general, the quantification of aortic stenosis is based on the measurement of transaortic jet velocities and the calculation of AoV area, thus combining a flow-dependent and a flow-independent variable. In the setting of low-flow low-gradient AS, dobutamine echocardiography is of particular diagnostic and prognostic importance. The quantification of aortic regurgitation is based on qualitative and quantitative parameters. Awareness of potential pitfalls is fundamental. Haemodynamic consequences of AoV disease on left ventricular size, hypertrophy, and function as well as potentially coexisting valve lesions can be assessed simultaneously. In patients with AoV disease, predictors of outcome and indications for surgery are substantially defined by echocardiography.
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Luhrmann, Tanya M. Prayer as a metacognitive activity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0014.
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The central act of prayer involves paying attention to inner experience—to thoughts, images, and the awareness of the body—and treating those sensations as important in their own right, rather than as distractions from the everyday business of living. There are many metacognitive consequences of this basic act. Its overt features include the redirecting of attention, which cognitively restructures mental content, leading the person who prays to focus on positive topics like gratitude, to set achievable goals, and to hope. Prayer’s less obvious metacognitive features include an invitation to absorption or being caught up in the act of imagination, which makes what must be imagined feel more real. The light trance associated with intense absorption is the result of a metacognitive act that alters the relationship of those who pray to their own mental domain. In short, we should reconceive prayer as a fundamentally metacognitive act.
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Murray, Virginia, Amina Aitsi-Selmi, and Alex G. Stewart. Global disasters and risk reduction strategies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0028.
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As the global population increase, the effects of disasters also increase. However, through improved building codes and other disaster risk reduction interventions, the number of deaths appears to be reducing. International frameworks for reduction and response are being built and an audit of the NHS demonstrated the advantages of an integrated health service. Fact sheets, produced internationally with UK involvement, on several aspects of disaster risk reduction have started to increase awareness of the wide variety of needs, although mental health issues need further research. Not all global disasters with far-reaching consequences are catastrophic in nature. The circumstances of congenital rubella and iodine deficiency show the strengths of international collaboration and the need for high-quality science. This chapter explains disaster risk reduction and sets it in its international perspective, with examples of wide-ranging agreements and frameworks, and their application to the wider UK health service.
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Sagan, Meredith, and Timothy Fong. Integrative Approach to Behavioral Addictions: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD). Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0010.
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In recent years, awareness and concern has grown within the psychological and medical communities regarding “behavioral addictions”: these are defined as the compulsive performance of otherwise normal everyday activities such as sex, gambling, use of the Internet and online video games, and shopping. This chapter examines 3 such addictive disorders: gambling disorder, compulsive buying disorder (CBD), and Internet gaming disorder (IGD), exploring their definitions, prevalence, diagnoses, consequences, and treatment. All 3 disorders share similar neurobiological mechanisms, acting on the pleasure centers of the brain and having potentially severe social, mental, and psychological repercussions, including loss of interest in life and withdrawal symptoms as intense as those felt by substance abusers when quitting drugs. Certain pharmaceuticals, CBT, and treatment principles similar to those followed by substance abusers, as well as various non-traditional modalities such as acupuncture and yoga, all have shown promise in treating these disorders.
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Eijk, Philip van der. The Role of Medicine in the Formation of Early Greek Thought. Edited by Patricia Curd and Daniel W. Graham. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195146875.003.0015.
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The philosophical aspects of Greek medicine are now more widely appreciated, not only by historians of science and medicine but also by students of philosophy in a more narrow sense. There has also been a greater appreciation of the fact that Greek medical writers not only reflect a derivative awareness of developments in philosophy but that they also actively contributed to the formation of philosophical thought more strictly defined, for instance by developing concepts and methodologies for the acquisition of knowledge and understanding. Yet the consequences of this for a renewed study of the formation of Greek philosophy have yet to be drawn; and disciplinary boundaries between historians of medicine on the one hand and philosophers and historians of philosophy on the other still pose obstacles to an integrated account of Greek thought that takes on board the contributions by the medical writers. Some preliminary remarks may therefore be in order.
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Thakur, Ramesh. A Bifurcated Global Nuclear Order. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0004.
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The very destructiveness of nuclear weapons makes them unusable for ethical and military reasons. The world has placed growing restrictions on the full range of nuclear programs and activities. But with the five NPT nuclear powers failing to eliminate nuclear arsenals, other countries acquiring the bomb, arms control efforts stalled, nuclear risks climbing, and growing awareness of the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of nuclear war, the United Nations adopted a new treaty to ban the bomb. Some technical anomalies between the 1968 and 2017 treaties will need to be harmonized and the nuclear-armed states’ rejection of the ban treaty means it will not eliminate any nuclear warheads. However, it will have a significant normative impact in stigmatizing the possession, use and threat of use of nuclear weapons and serve as a tool for civil society to mobilize domestic and world public opinion against the doctrine of nuclear deterrence.
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Charon, Rita. Close Reading: The Signature Method of Narrative Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360192.003.0008.
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Teaching healthcare professionals how to be close readers assures that they can listen with attention and empathy to what their patients tell them. The close reader pays attention to such narrative features as temporality, narrative situation, voice, metaphor, and mood. This chapter describes the origins of close reading in the 1920s and its subsequent contentious development within literary studies. It describes the salience of the skills learned from close reading for the practice of narrative medicine. The chapter examines such consequences of close reading as relationship-building among learners and individual awareness of the interior processes of the reader. Close reading helps narrative medicine to achieve its goals of justice in healthcare, participatory practice, egalitarian learning, and deep relationships in practice. With the benefit of the capacities learned in close reading, clinicians and their patients can face the unknown, tolerating the ambiguity that always surrounds illness.
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Pérez-Milans, Miguel, and James W. Tollefson. Language Policy and Planning. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.36.
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The closing chapter explores the consequences that the processes of change taking place under the conditions of late modernity may have for language policy and planning (LPP) research. In particular, it addresses seven key strands of discussion that emerge from the chapters in this Handbook, and which the editors believe will be important in the future of the field, namely (1) the continued importance of critical approaches; (2) the paradox of agency; (3) the need for ethnographic approaches to move from recognition of their value to further engagement with epistemological awareness; (4) the challenge of creating new links between LPP and alternative philosophical traditions, beyond European political theory; (5) the increasing role of media in LPP; (6) the need for expanding collaborations and revisiting long-standing assumptions about community-based research, language rights, and activism; and (7) the imperative of addressing ethical issues in contemporary LPP research through researchers’ reflexivity.
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Kuemmel, Angela. Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.18.
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Abuse of people with disabilities is a substantial problem because of the particular physical, emotional, and sexual vulnerabilities that people with disabilities have, in addition to being vulnerable to the abuse associated with their disabilities. The problem of abuse for the disabled population is complicated by a lack of knowledge in health-care professionals, lack of awareness in people with disabilities themselves, and limited resources for, and barriers to, intervention. In this chapter I will examine the nature of the problem, the types of abuse related to disability, and the vulnerability factors that increase risk. We will look at how to assess for abuse in people with disabilities, the consequences often faced in reporting abuse, and the best practices for assessment. I will also review the limited research on different cognitive, behavioral, or psycho-educational intervention approaches. Given the challenges to successfully evaluating and addressing this problem, mental health providers must have a thorough understanding of this issue.
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Ekker, Merel Sanne, and Frank-Erik de Leeuw. Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0001.
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Epidemiology can be used to reveal new causes of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Each year, about 2 million patients worldwide suffer a young stroke between the ages of 18 and 49 years. The overall stroke incidence is decreasing; however, an increase in the incidence of young stroke has been witnessed, possibly due to better awareness, new imaging techniques, and the increased prevalence of traditional risk factors already at a young age. Nevertheless, not all young stroke patients have cardiovascular risk factors. The proportion of patients with arterial dissection, cardioembolic stroke, and cryptogenic stroke is higher in young patients than in older patients. This chapter uses sex differences in both incidence and prognosis to provide leads for new risk factors in young men and women. Lastly, prognosis after young stroke is poor. The risk of death is higher than expected from the general population and remains high even years after stroke. Young stroke strikes suddenly, with attendant life-long consequences.
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Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Trauma and orthopaedics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0031.
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Recent advances in biomechanics and biomaterials are resulting in new and potentially improved implants and procedures in trauma medicine, often with more reliance on high-tech solutions. However, some new advances have resulted in disastrous outcomes. As it takes time for these complications to surface, many patients may be subject to the new technology and resulting consequences. Studying the clinical evidence around these technologies is therefore essential, and use of appropriate surrogate measures to assess the short-term in vivo performance of an implant is important to help predict long-term clinical outcome. Radiostereometric analysis and kinematic assessment are two such tools widely used in translational research and post-market surveillance in the field of joint replacement. It is only with high-quality research and awareness that true advances can be demonstrated and failures averted at the earliest stage. The principles of orthopaedics must remain to alleviate pain, correct deformity, and restore function, whatever technique is used.
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Iheka, Cajetan. African Ecomedia. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022046.
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In African Ecomedia, Cajetan Iheka examines the ecological footprint of media in Africa alongside the representation of environmental issues in visual culture. Iheka shows how, through visual media such as film, photography, and sculpture, African artists deliver a unique perspective on the socioecological costs of media production, from mineral and oil extraction to the politics of animal conservation. Among other works, he examines Pieter Hugo's photography of electronic waste recycling in Ghana and Idrissou Mora-Kpai's documentary on the deleterious consequences of uranium mining in Niger. These works highlight not only the exploitation of African workers and the vast scope of environmental degradation but also the resourcefulness and creativity of African media makers. They point to the unsustainability of current practices while acknowledging our planet's finite natural resources. In foregrounding Africa's centrality to the production and disposal of media technology, Iheka shows the important place visual media has in raising awareness of and documenting ecological disaster even as it remains complicit in it.
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Horan Fisher, Jacqueline, Sara Becker, Molly Bobek, and Aaron Hogue. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.29.
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Significant developmental changes in adolescence typically lead to increased risky behavior, including substance use. Survey data indicated that adolescent alcohol and drug use has declined in recent years, with the exception of marijuana use, which has remained consistent, and e-cigarette use, which is on the rise. This chapter provides a summary of prevalence rates, trends, and maladaptive consequences of adolescent substance use. Etiological models of adolescent substance use are discussed, including dual-process and biopsychosocial models. Current literature on evidence-based screening, comprehensive assessment, and treatment is also reviewed. Despite the recent advances made regarding our ability to screen, assess, diagnose, and treat adolescent substance use, a significant treatment gap persists, which has significant individual and public health impacts. This chapter therefore concludes with a call for research that aims to increase patient awareness of effective treatment via strategies such as technology-delivered assessment and intervention and usage of direct-to-consumer marketing.
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Delafield-Butt, Jonathan. The emotional and embodied nature of human understanding: Sharing narratives of meaning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747109.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the emotional and embodied nature of children’s learning to discover biological principles of social awareness, affective contact, and shared sense-making before school. From mid-gestation, the fetus learns to anticipate the sensory effects of simple, self-generated actions. Actions generate a small ‘story’ that progresses through time, giving meaningful satisfaction on their successful completion. Self-made stories become organized after birth into complex projects requiring greater appreciation of their consequences, which are communicated. They are mediated first by brainstem conscious control made with vital feelings, which motivates a more abstract, cortically mediated cognitive and cultural intelligence in later life. By tracing the development of meaning-making from simple projects of the infant to complex shared projects in early childhood, we appreciate the embodied narrative form of human understanding in healthy affective contact, how it may be disrupted in children with clinical disorders or educational difficulties, and how it responds in joyful projects to an understanding teacher’s support for learning.
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Weiner, Marli F., and Mazie Hough. Placed Bodies. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036996.003.0004.
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This chapter examines how physicians developed the concept of place to reconcile the complexities of race and sex when defining bodies and their health and sicknesses. In the increasingly contested political arena of the antebellum years, southern physicians knew that their work would most likely be received favorably if it reinforced the region's distinctiveness. Awareness that some places were inherently unhealthy and that some people were more likely to get sick in them was part of the anecdotal medical lore that informed physicians' thinking about bodies as placed. Doctors were well aware that southerners fell victim to different diseases and had to be treated differently from people elsewhere in the nation. Thus, doctors argued that a specifically southern medical theory and practice was necessary. This chapter explores how nineteenth-century physicians seeking to understand the consequences of placed bodies invoked the South's climate and the concept of acclimation to explain disease. It shows that laypeople shared physicians' convictions that medicine was specific to place and that bodies were shaped by their environment.
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Present and Future of Birth Defects Surveillance in the Americas. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121924.
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Birth defects contribute substantially to the burden of morbidity and mortality in the Region of the Americas. Numerous efforts exist to raise awareness of this problem and to implement surveillance in health and government sectors. However, there is still a long way to go. In this regard, for several years, countries have been taking actions to coordinate efforts, while strengthening and establishing strategic alliances to achieve significant results. The extensive history of efforts aimed at responding to the situation of birth defects in the Region includes actions in health care, epidemiology, legislation, and investigation, with participation from the scientific and technical community, government, and civil society. After taking into account all these aspects, the Pan American Health Organization/Latin American Center for Perinatology, Women, and Reproductive Health (PAHO/CLAP/WR), together with the World Bank, decided to create a document summarizing the regional situation of birth defects from an epidemiological and programmatic perspective, to analyze the challenges and offer countries guidance to address birth defects, their determinants, and consequences, with the ultimate goal of helping to “leave no one behind.” This publication was made possible by financial support from the United States Agency for International Development—USAID.
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Baumgartner, Helmut, Stefan Orwat, Elif Sade, and Javier Bermejo. Heart valve disease (aortic valve disease): aortic stenosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0032.
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Echocardiography has become the gold standard for the assessment of patients with aortic stenosis (AS). It allows morphological assessment of the aortic valve and provides information on the aetiology of the disease. The quantification of AS includes primarily the measurement of transaortic jet velocities and gradients as well as the calculation of the valve area, thus combining flow-dependent and relatively flow-independent variables. Awareness of potential pitfalls is fundamental when assessing these variables. Haemodynamic consequences of AS on left ventricular (LV) size, wall thickness, and function as well as associated valve lesions and estimates of pulmonary artery pressure are required for the comprehensive evaluation of the disease. In the setting of classical low-flow–low-gradient AS with reduced LV systolic function, low-dose dobutamine echocardiography is of particular diagnostic and prognostic importance. The entity of severe low-flow–low-gradient AS in the presence of preserved LV function remains a particular diagnostic challenge. For accurate differentiation from pseudo-severe AS or misclassified moderate AS, an integrated approach including additional variables such as the extent of valve calcification by computed tomography may be required. In addition to the assessment of AS aetiology and quantification of its severity, echocardiography can provide predictors of outcome that may have a major impact on the decision for intervention.
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Comfort, Louise K. The Dynamics of Risk. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691165370.001.0001.
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Earthquakes are a huge global threat. In thirty-six countries, severe seismic risks threaten populations and their increasingly interdependent systems of transportation, communication, energy, and finance. This book provides an examination of how twelve communities in nine countries responded to destructive earthquakes between 1999 and 2015. And many of the book's lessons can also be applied to other large-scale risks. The book sets the global problem of seismic risk in the framework of complex adaptive systems to explore how the consequences of such events ripple across jurisdictions, communities, and organizations in complex societies, triggering unexpected alliances but also exposing social, economic, and legal gaps. It assesses how the networks of organizations involved in response and recovery adapted and acted collectively after the twelve earthquakes it examines. It describes how advances in information technology enabled some communities to anticipate seismic risk better and to manage response and recovery operations more effectively, decreasing losses. Finally, the book shows why investing substantively in global information infrastructure would create shared awareness of seismic risk and make post-disaster relief more effective and less expensive. The result is a landmark study of how to improve the way we prepare for and respond to earthquakes and other disasters in our ever-more-complex world.
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Zimmerman, Jeffrey, Jeffrey E. Barnett, and Linda Campbell, eds. Bringing Psychotherapy to the Underserved. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190912727.001.0001.
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Providing psychotherapy services to the underserved is a significant problem with far-reaching consequences. This book brings together discussions of multiple groups of underserved persons, some of whom are generally neglected by much of the literature. This book is designed to help mental health professionals who provide psychotherapy to increase their awareness of the key issues related to many different peoples. The contributors focus on many underserved communities within and outside the United States. Chapters are written by experts in their respective fields, offering their thoughts and practical advice. The first four sections of the book focus on systemic factors, discrimination, people who are in transition or living in underserved locations, and people who are often overlooked or are “invisible.” Each of these chapters follows the same format to provide a consistent reading experience. The authors begin by discussing the scope and offer a description of the problem area they are addressing. They then discuss barriers to service delivery, how to create or improve cultural competence, and effective strategies and empirically supported treatments to meet the treatment needs of this population. They conclude by discussing future steps. The fifth section of the book addresses challenges related to ethics and research. Bringing Psychotherapy to the Underserved will be a valuable resource for mental health professionals as they strive to approach underserved communities in socially responsible, culturally sensitive, ethical, and effective ways.
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Ben-Shalom, Ram. Medieval Jews and the Christian Past. Liverpool University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113904.001.0001.
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The focus in this book is on the historical consciousness of the Jews of Spain and southern France in the late Middle Ages, and specifically on their perceptions of Christianity and Christian history and culture. The book shows that in these southern European lands Jews experienced a relatively open society that was sensitive to and knowledgeable about voices from other cultures, and that this had significant consequences for shaping Jewish historical consciousness. Among the topics discussed are what Jews knew of the significance of Rome, of Jesus and the early days of Christianity, of Church history, and of the history of the Iberian monarchies. The book demonstrates that, despite the negative stereotypes of Jewry prevalent in Christian literature, they were more influenced by their interactions with Christian society at the local level. Consequently, there was no single stereotype that dominated Jewish thought, and frequently little awareness of the two societies as representing distinct cultures. The book demonstrates that in Spain and southern France, Jews of the later Middle Ages evinced a genuine interest in history, including the history of non-Jews, and that in some cases they were deeply familiar with Christian and sometimes also classical historiography. The book enriches our understanding of medieval historiography, polemic, Jewish–Christian relations, and the breadth of interests characterizing Provencal and Spanish Jewish communities.
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William A, Schabas. Part 3 General Principles of Criminal Law: Principes Généraux Du Droit Pénal, Art.30 Mental element/Elément psychologique. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0035.
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This chapter comments on Article 30 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 30 sets a demanding standard for the mental element of crimes. It declares that, ‘[u]nless otherwise provided’ the material elements of the offence must be committed ‘with intent and knowledge’. A person has intent with respect to conduct when that person means to engage in the conduct. A person has intent with respect to a consequence when that person means to cause that consequence or is aware that it will occur in the ordinary course of events. Knowledge is defined as ‘awareness that a circumstance exists or a consequence will occur in the ordinary course of events’. Article 30 defines ‘knowledge’, adding that ‘know and knowingly’ shall be construed accordingly. However, ‘know’ and ‘knowingly’ are not otherwise used in either article 30 or, for that matter, elsewhere in the Rome Statute.
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Norris, Pippa. Why American Elections Are Flawed (and How to Fix Them). Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501713408.001.0001.
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The flaws in the American electoral process have become increasingly apparent in recent years. The contemporary tipping point in public awareness occurred during the 2000 election count, and concern deepened due to several major problems observed in the 2016 campaign, worsening party polarization, and corroding public trust in the legitimacy of the outcome. To gather evidence about the quality of elections around the world, in 2012 the Electoral Integrity Project was established as an independent research project based at Harvard and Sydney universities. The results show that experts rated American elections as the worst among all Western democracies. Without reform, these problems risk damaging the legitimacy of American elections—further weakening public confidence in political parties, Congress, and the U.S. government, depressing voter turnout, and exacerbating the risks of mass protests. This book describes several major challenges observed during the 2016 U.S. elections arising from deepening party polarization over basic voting procedures, the serious risks of hacking and weak cyber-security, the consequences of deregulating campaign spending, and lack of professional and impartial electoral management. This book outlines the core concept and measure of electoral integrity, the key yardstick used to evaluate free and fair elections. Evidence from expert and mass surveys demonstrate the extent of problems in American elections. The book shows how these challenges could be addressed through several practical steps designed to improve electoral procedures and practices. If implemented, the reforms will advance free and fair elections, and liberal democracy, at home and abroad.
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Gattermann, Katjana. The Personalization of Politics in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798712.001.0001.
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Abstract The personalization of politics, whereby politicians increasingly become the main focus of political processes, is a prominent phenomenon in modern democracies that has received considerable scholarly attention in national politics. However, little is known about the scope, causes, and consequences of personalization in European Union politics, although recent institutional and political developments suggest that such a trend is underway. The Personalization of Politics in the European Union in the ‘Back flap text’ sheds light onto this phenomenon by taking a comprehensive approach to understanding four key dimensions of personalization concerning institutions, media, politics, and citizens. In doing so, it relies on an innovative longitudinal and cross-country comparative research design and applies multiple methods. It argues that institutional personalization is a necessary but not sufficient precondition for media to increasingly report about individual politicians. It shows that media personalization fluctuates across country and over time, while Members of the European Parliament increasingly engage in personalized legislative and communicative behaviour. These developments are conditional upon domestic media and electoral systems and have limited effects on citizen attitudes and political awareness. The book concludes that, as additional political actors gain formal individual responsibilities, European Union politics also becomes more complex to disentangle. Ultimately, institutions provide more effective cues than individual politicians both for media to inform citizens about European Union politics and for the latter to acquire information that may help them understand and evaluate European Union politics. These findings have important implications for the future of personalized politics in the European Union.
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Zimmerman, Jonathan. Campus Politics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190627393.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Universities are usually considered bastions of the free exchange of ideas, but a recent tide of demonstrations across college campuses has called this belief into question, and with serious consequences. Such a wave of protests hasn't been seen since the campus free speech demonstrations of the 1960s, yet this time it is the political Left, rather than the political Right, calling for restrictions on campus speech and freedom. And, as Jonathan Zimmerman suggests, recent campus controversies have pitted free speech against social justice ideals. The language of trauma--and, more generally, of psychology--has come to dominate campus politics, marking another important departure from prior eras. This trend reflects an increased awareness of mental health in American society writ large. But it has also tended to dampen exchange and discussion on our campuses, where faculty and students self-censor for fear of insulting or offending someone else. Or they attack each other in periodic bursts of invective, which run counter to the “civility” promised by new speech and conduct codes. In Campus Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know®, Jonathan Zimmerman breaks down the dynamics of what is actually driving this recent wave of discontent. After setting recent events in the context of the last half-century of free speech campus movements, Zimmerman looks at the political beliefs of the US professorate and students. He follows this with chapters on political correctness; debates over the contested curriculum; admissions, faculty hires, and affirmative action; policing students; academic freedom and censorship; in loco parentis administration; and the psychology behind demands for "trigger warnings" and "safe spaces." He concludes with the question of how to best balance the goals of social and racial justice with the commitment to free speech.
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Post, Robert M. Depression as a Recurrent, Progressive Illness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603342.003.0003.
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Clinical Highlights and summary of Chapter• Episodes of depression and bipolar illness progress in two ways:faster recurrences as a function of number of prior episodes, andgreater autonomy (decreased need for precipitation by stressors(Episode Sensitization)• Recurrent stressors result in increased reactivity to subsequent stressors(Stress sensitization) and bouts of stimulant abuse increase in severity with repetition(Stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization)• Each type of sensitization cross-sensitizes to the others and drives illness progression• Each type of sensitization involves specific memory-like epigenetic processes as well as nonspecific cellular toxicities• Childhood onset depression and bipolar illness have a more adverse course than adult onset illness and are increasing in incidence via a cohort (year of birth) effect• As opposed to genetic vulnerability, each type of sensitization can be prevented with appropriate clinical intervention and prevention, which should lessen illness severity and progression• Seeing depression and bipolar disorder as progressive illnesses changes the therapeutic emphasis away from acute treatment and instead to long term prophylaxis• Preventing recurrent depressions will likely protect the brain, the body, and the personWord count with Named refs = 6,417>Depression and bipolar disorder are illnesses which tend to progress with each new recurrence. Stressors, mood episodes, and bouts of substance abuse each sensitize (show increased reactivity) upon their repetition and cross-sensitization to the others. These sensitization processes appear to have a memory-like and epigenetic basis, in some instances conveying lifelong increased vulnerability to illness recurrence and progression. Greater numbers of episodes are associated with faster recurrences, lesser need for stress precipitation, cognitive dysfunction, pathological changes in brain, treatment refractoriness, and loss of many years of life expectancy, predominantly from cardiovascular disease. Such a perspective emphasizes the need for greater awareness of higher incidence of psychiatric and medical comorbidities in the United States compared to many European countries, and the need for earlier intervention and more sustained long term prophylaxis to prevent illness progression and its adverse consequences on brain and body.
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Raggi, Paolo, and Luis D’Marco. Imaging for detection of vascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0116.
Full textAbstract:
The well-known severity of cardiovascular disease in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires an accurate risk stratification of these patients in several clinical situations. Imaging has been used successfully for such purpose in the general population and it has demonstrated excellent potential among CKD patients as well. Two main forms of arterial pathology develop in patients with CKD: atherosclerosis, with accumulation of inflammatory cells, lipids, fibrous tissue and calcium in the subintimal space, and arteriosclerosis. The latter is characterized by accumulation of deposits of hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium crystals in the muscular media of the vessel wall, and is believed to be more closely associated with alterations of mineral metabolism than with traditional atherosclerosis risk factors. The result is the development of what appears to be premature arterial ageing, with loss of elastic properties, increased stiffness, and increased overall fragility of the arterial system. Despite intensifying research and increasing awareness of these issues, the underlying pathophysiology of the aggressive vasculopathy of CKD remains largely unknown. As a consequence, there are currently very limited pathways to prevent progression of vascular damage in CKD. The indications, strengths and weaknesses of several imaging modalities employed to evaluate vascular disease in CKD are described, focusing on coronary arterial circulation and the peripheral arteries, with the exclusion of the intracranial arteries.
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Frattarola, Angela. Modernist Soundscapes. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056074.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Modernist Soundscapes questions how early twentieth-century auditory technologies altered sound perception, and how these developments shaped the modernist novel. As the phonograph, telephone, talkie, and radio created new paths for connectivity and intimacy, modernist writers such as Dorothy Richardson and Virginia Woolf were crafting characters intimately connected by the prosody of voice, music, and the soundscape. As headphones piped nonlocal sounds into a listener’s headspace, Jean Rhys and James Joyce were creating interior monologues that were shaped by cosmopolitan and bohemian sounds. As the phonograph and tape recorder aestheticized noise through mechanical reproduction, Virginia Woolf and Samuel Beckett were deploying onomatopoeia and repetition to aestheticize words and make them sound out. Modernist Soundscapes encourages us to listen to these auditory narratives in order to grasp how the formal and linguistic experiments we have come to associate with modernism are partially a consequence of this historical attentiveness to sound. This heightened awareness of audition coincided with an emerging skepticism toward vision. Indeed, modernist writers turned to sound perception as a way to complicate the dominance of vision—a sensibility rooted in Greek philosophy that equated seeing with knowledge and truth. Without polarizing vision and audition, this book reveals how modernists tend to use auditory perception to connect characters, shifting the subject from a distanced, judgmental observer to a reverberating body, attuned to the moment.
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Roy, Louis. Revelation in a Pluralistic World. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864840.001.0001.
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Abstract This book proposes a sound understanding of revelation in the midst of the contemporary clash of philosophic views. Although it includes much information, it does so in a dialectical fashion. Several years ago the author engaged in research about revelation with the full awareness that, because of the churches’ insistence that revelation is fully realized only in Christianity, they have progressively suffered a severe loss of status. For him, the problem is that this insistence has often remained unnuanced and simplistic, with the consequence that not only unbelievers as well as believers of other religions, but even numerous Christians no longer agree with the primacy of a truth revealed in Jesus Christ. The author’s enterprise here is an effort to elucidate this issue. The book addresses the difficulties affecting the interpretation of belief, given modernity’s concerns, and it sheds light on burning issues such as the possibility of universal truths, forms of pluralism, the role of doctrines, of testimony, and of authority. It details representations of religious experience and doctrine during the Enlightenment. It delineates the way the problem of historical knowledge has been discussed from the eighteenth century to the present, especially by Ernst Troeltsch around year 1900. It adds the views on that issue enunciated by Karl Barth, Wolfhart Pannenberg, and Paul Ricœur. It also spells out Catholic responses—traditionalist and non-traditionalist ones. It outlines ideas of revelation in non-Christian religions and it comes to grips with the possibility of revelation apart from Jesus.
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Wang, Orrin N. C. Techno-Magism. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823298471.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Techno-Magism: Media, Mediation, and the Cut of Romanticism explores how British Romantic literature abuts against and is organized around a topos of both print and non-print media. These themes and motifs involve not only the print, pictorial art, and theater of early nineteenth-century England and Europe but also communicative technologies invented after the British Romantic period, either during the Victorian age or sometime during the twentieth century, such as photography, film, video, and digital screens. The awareness in Techno-Magism of this proleptic abutting points to one way we can understand the implicit exceptionality wagered by reading Romanticism through media studies and media theory. In a word, both media studies and the concept of mediation in general can benefit from a more robust confrontation with, or recovery of, the arguments of deconstruction, an unavoidable consequence of thinking about the relationship between Romanticism and media in the eight essays collected here. The essays in Techno-Magism think that relationship through the non-dialectical, catachrestic practice of a techno-magism, and further organize themselves around two other ideas: the structural incommensurability of the cut and the unapologetic presentism of the constellation. Bearing the historical moment of their writing, the second decade of this millennium, where so much of thought and planetary existence labors under the latest phase of late capitalism, oligarchic capital, the essays also explore the continuity between the social character of Romantic and post-Romantic media, in terms of commodity culture, revolution, and the ecological devastation of the anthropocene.
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Lopez, Berenice, and Patrick J. Twomey. Biochemical investigation of rheumatic diseases. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0062.
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It is important for rheumatologists to have an understanding of biochemical tests including an awareness of their limitations. The biological variability of an analyte both within and between individuals, the limitations of the measurement technology, the sensitivity of laboratory internal quality control and external quality assurance procedures, as well as interlaboratory variations in practices including sample collection procedures, may all impact on the interpretation of a result. Biochemical tests are often requested to monitor organ-specific dysfunction arising as an adverse consequence of pharmacotherapy or as a component of a systemic rheumatic disease, although dysfunction may also reflect infection or coincidental pathology. Patients with rheumatic diseases are at high risk of renal and hepatic disease. Serum creatinine and its derivative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are the most readily available surrogate markers of GFR and are used to assess renal impairment and monitor its course. However, the use of creatinine alone lacks sensitivity and a substantial loss of function must occur before creatinine levels are increased. Additional biochemical screening for kidney damage can be performed by assessment of glomerular integrity, including proteinuria or albuminuria and haematuria. A wide spectrum of rheumatic diseases can affect the liver with various degrees of involvement and hepatic pathology. These often present with cholestatic or hepatitic biochemical profiles. The medical management of rheumatic diseases also involves medications that are hepatotoxic, and routine monitoring of liver function is recommended. This approach is not problem-free and may be improved by quantitative determinations of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in the future. Together with imaging techniques, biochemical tests play an important role in the assessment and differential diagnosis of metabolic bone disease.
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Grzywacz, Joseph G., Abdallah M. Badahdah, and d. Azza O. Abdelmoneium. Work Family Balance: Challenges, Experiences, and Implications for Families. 2nd ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927137952.
Full textAbstract:
A key objective of the study of work-family balance detailed in this report was to build an evidence base to inform policy creation or refinement targeting work-family balance and related implementation standards to ensure the protection and preservation of Qatari families. Two complementary projects were designed and implemented to achieve this key objective. The first project was a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 20 Qatari working adults (10 males and 10 females). The interviews were designed to learn the meaning of work-family balance among Qataris, identify the factors shaping work-family balance or the lack thereof, and collect firsthand detailed information on the use and value of policy-relevant work-family balance sup - ports for working Qataris. The second component was a survey designed to describe work-family balance among working Qatari adults, determine potential health and well-being consequences of poor work-family balance, and characterize Qataris’ use of and preferences for new work-family balance supports. The data from the qualitative interviews tell a very clear story of work-family balance among Qataris. Work-family balance is primarily viewed as working adults’ ability to meet responsibilities in both the work and family domains. Although work-fam - ily balance was valued and sought after, participants viewed work-family balance as an idyllic goal that is unattainable. Indeed, when individuals were asked about the last time they experienced balance, the most common response was “during my last vacation or extended holiday.” The challenge of achieving work-family balance was equally shared by males and females, although the challenge was heightened for females. Qataris recognized that “work” was essential to securing or providing a desirable family life; that is, work provided the financial wherewithal to obtain the features and comforts of contemporary family life in Qatar. However, the cost of this financial wherewithal was work hours and a psychological toll characterized as “long” and “exhausting” which left workers with insufficient time and energy for the family. Participants commented on the absolute necessity of paid maternity leave for work-family balance, and suggested it be expanded. Participants also discussed the importance of high-quality childcare, and the need for greater flexibility for attending to family responsibilities during the working day. Data from the quantitative national survey reinforce the results from the qualitative interviews. Work-family balance is a challenge for most working adults: if work-fam - ily balance were given scores like academic grades in school, the majority of both males and females would earn a "C" or lower (average, minimal pass or failure). As intimated in the qualitative data, working females’ work-family balance is statistically poorer than that of males. Poor work-family balance is associated with poorer physical and mental health, with particularly strong negative associations with depression. It appears the Human Resource Law of 2016 was effective in raising awareness of and access to paid maternity leave. However, a substantial minority of working Qataris lack access to work-family balance supports from their employer, and the supports that are provided by employers do not meet the expectations of the average Qatari worker.
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Sobczyk, Eugeniusz Jacek. Uciążliwość eksploatacji złóż węgla kamiennego wynikająca z warunków geologicznych i górniczych. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/onermin/0222.
Full textAbstract:
Hard coal mining is characterised by features that pose numerous challenges to its current operations and cause strategic and operational problems in planning its development. The most important of these include the high capital intensity of mining investment projects and the dynamically changing environment in which the sector operates, while the long-term role of the sector is dependent on factors originating at both national and international level. At the same time, the conditions for coal mining are deteriorating, the resources more readily available in active mines are being exhausted, mining depths are increasing, temperature levels in pits are rising, transport routes for staff and materials are getting longer, effective working time is decreasing, natural hazards are increasing, and seams with an increasing content of waste rock are being mined. The mining industry is currently in a very difficult situation, both in technical (mining) and economic terms. It cannot be ignored, however, that the difficult financial situation of Polish mining companies is largely exacerbated by their high operating costs. The cost of obtaining coal and its price are two key elements that determine the level of efficiency of Polish mines. This situation could be improved by streamlining the planning processes. This would involve striving for production planning that is as predictable as possible and, on the other hand, economically efficient. In this respect, it is helpful to plan the production from operating longwalls with full awareness of the complexity of geological and mining conditions and the resulting economic consequences. The constraints on increasing the efficiency of the mining process are due to the technical potential of the mining process, organisational factors and, above all, geological and mining conditions. The main objective of the monograph is to identify relations between geological and mining parameters and the level of longwall mining costs, and their daily output. In view of the above, it was assumed that it was possible to present the relationship between the costs of longwall mining and the daily coal output from a longwall as a function of onerous geological and mining factors. The monograph presents two models of onerous geological and mining conditions, including natural hazards, deposit (seam) parameters, mining (technical) parameters and environmental factors. The models were used to calculate two onerousness indicators, Wue and WUt, which synthetically define the level of impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in relation to: —— operating costs at longwall faces – indicator WUe, —— daily longwall mining output – indicator WUt. In the next research step, the analysis of direct relationships of selected geological and mining factors with longwall costs and the mining output level was conducted. For this purpose, two statistical models were built for the following dependent variables: unit operating cost (Model 1) and daily longwall mining output (Model 2). The models served two additional sub-objectives: interpretation of the influence of independent variables on dependent variables and point forecasting. The models were also used for forecasting purposes. Statistical models were built on the basis of historical production results of selected seven Polish mines. On the basis of variability of geological and mining conditions at 120 longwalls, the influence of individual parameters on longwall mining between 2010 and 2019 was determined. The identified relationships made it possible to formulate numerical forecast of unit production cost and daily longwall mining output in relation to the level of expected onerousness. The projection period was assumed to be 2020–2030. On this basis, an opinion was formulated on the forecast of the expected unit production costs and the output of the 259 longwalls planned to be mined at these mines. A procedure scheme was developed using the following methods: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – mathematical multi-criteria decision-making method, 2) comparative multivariate analysis, 3) regression analysis, 4) Monte Carlo simulation. The utilitarian purpose of the monograph is to provide the research community with the concept of building models that can be used to solve real decision-making problems during longwall planning in hard coal mines. The layout of the monograph, consisting of an introduction, eight main sections and a conclusion, follows the objectives set out above. Section One presents the methodology used to assess the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is reviewed and basic definitions used in the following part of the paper are introduced. The section includes a description of AHP which was used in the presented analysis. Individual factors resulting from natural hazards, from the geological structure of the deposit (seam), from limitations caused by technical requirements, from the impact of mining on the environment, which affect the mining process, are described exhaustively in Section Two. Sections Three and Four present the construction of two hierarchical models of geological and mining conditions onerousness: the first in the context of extraction costs and the second in relation to daily longwall mining. The procedure for valuing the importance of their components by a group of experts (pairwise comparison of criteria and sub-criteria on the basis of Saaty’s 9-point comparison scale) is presented. The AHP method is very sensitive to even small changes in the value of the comparison matrix. In order to determine the stability of the valuation of both onerousness models, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, which is described in detail in Section Five. Section Six is devoted to the issue of constructing aggregate indices, WUe and WUt, which synthetically measure the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in individual longwalls and allow for a linear ordering of longwalls according to increasing levels of onerousness. Section Seven opens the research part of the work, which analyses the results of the developed models and indicators in individual mines. A detailed analysis is presented of the assessment of the impact of onerous mining conditions on mining costs in selected seams of the analysed mines, and in the case of the impact of onerous mining on daily longwall mining output, the variability of this process in individual fields (lots) of the mines is characterised. Section Eight presents the regression equations for the dependence of the costs and level of extraction on the aggregated onerousness indicators, WUe and WUt. The regression models f(KJC_N) and f(W) developed in this way are used to forecast the unit mining costs and daily output of the designed longwalls in the context of diversified geological and mining conditions. The use of regression models is of great practical importance. It makes it possible to approximate unit costs and daily output for newly designed longwall workings. The use of this knowledge may significantly improve the quality of planning processes and the effectiveness of the mining process.