Relevant bibliographies by topics / Avian W chromosome

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Academic literature on the topic 'Avian W chromosome'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Avian W chromosome"

1

Rutkowska, Joanna, Malgorzata Lagisz, and Shinichi Nakagawa. "The long and the short of avian W chromosomes: no evidence for gradual W shortening." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (March 14, 2012): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0083.

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The well-established view of the evolution of sex chromosome dimorphism is of a gradual genetic and morphological degeneration of the hemizygous chromosome. Yet, no large-scale comparative analysis exists to support this view. Here, we analysed karyotypes of 200 bird species to test whether the supposed directional changes occur in bird sex chromosomes. We found no support for the view that W chromosomes gradually become smaller over evolutionary time. On the contrary, the length of the W chromosome can fluctuate over short time scales, probably involving both shortening and elongation of non-coding regions. Recent discoveries of near-identical palindromes and neo-sex chromosomes in birds may also contribute to the observed variation. Further studies are now needed to investigate how chromosome morphology relates to its gene content, and whether the changes in size were driven by selection.
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Ellegren, Hans, and Ariane Carmichael. "Multiple and Independent Cessation of Recombination Between Avian Sex Chromosomes." Genetics 158, no. 1 (May 1, 2001): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.1.325.

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Abstract Birds are characterized by female heterogamety; females carry the Z and W sex chromosomes, while males have two copies of the Z chromosome. We suggest here that full differentiation of the Z and W sex chromosomes of birds did not take place until after the split of major contemporary lineages, in the late Cretaceous. The ATP synthase α-subunit gene is now present in one copy each on the nonrecombining part of the W chromosome (ATP5A1W) and on the Z chromosome (ATP5A1Z). This gene seems to have evolved on several independent occasions, in different lineages, from a state of free recombination into two sex-specific and nonrecombining variants. ATP5A1W and ATP5A1Z are thus more similar within orders, relative to what W (or Z) are between orders. Moreover, this cessation of recombination apparently took place at different times in different lineages (estimated at 13, 40, and 65 million years ago in Ciconiiformes, Galliformes, and Anseriformes, respectively). We argue that these observations are the result of recent and traceable steps in the process where sex chromosomes gradually cease to recombine and become differentiated. Our data demonstrate that this process, once initiated, may occur independently in parallel in sister lineages.
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Rogers, Thea F., Tommaso Pizzari, and Alison E. Wright. "Multi-Copy Gene Family Evolution on the Avian W Chromosome." Journal of Heredity 112, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab016.

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Abstract The sex chromosomes often follow unusual evolutionary trajectories. In particular, the sex-limited chromosomes frequently exhibit a small but unusual gene content in numerous species, where many genes have undergone massive gene amplification. The reasons for this remain elusive with a number of recent studies implicating meiotic drive, sperm competition, genetic drift, and gene conversion in the expansion of gene families. However, our understanding is primarily based on Y chromosome studies as few studies have systematically tested for copy number variation on W chromosomes. Here, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the abundance, variability, and evolution of ampliconic genes on the avian W. First, we quantified gene copy number and variability across the duck W chromosome. We find a limited number of gene families as well as conservation in W-linked gene copy number across duck breeds, indicating that gene amplification may not be such a general feature of sex chromosome evolution as Y studies would initially suggest. Next, we investigated the evolution of HINTW, a prominent ampliconic gene family hypothesized to play a role in female reproduction and oogenesis. In particular, we investigated the factors driving the expansion of HINTW using contrasts between modern chicken and duck breeds selected for different female-specific selection regimes and their wild ancestors. Although we find the potential for selection related to fecundity in explaining small-scale gene amplification of HINTW in the chicken, purifying selection seems to be the dominant mode of evolution in the duck. Together, this challenges the assumption that HINTW is key for female fecundity across the avian phylogeny.
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Rabenold, Patricia P., Walter H. Piper, Mark D. Decker, and Dennis J. Minchella. "Polymorphic minisatellite amplified on avian W chromosome." Genome 34, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-074.

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Jeffrey's minisatellite probe 33.15, which screens dozens of hypervariable loci throughout the genome, detects female-specific fragments in stripe-backed wrens (Campylorhynchus nuchalis). HaeIII subdivides the single large female-specific fragment observed with other enzymes into a polymorphic suite of fragments of similar total molecular weight among patterns. Sex-linked HaeIII haplotypes are perfectly transmitted from mother to daughter but not to sons. These results suggest that the female-specific HaeIII fragments represent variable subunits of a single long tandem repetitive array composed of approximately 20-bp repetitive units located outside the pairing region of the W chromosome. That sex-linked fragments do not occur in the congener Campylorhynchus griseus suggests that their entrapment and amplification on the W chromosome in C. nuchalis occurred since the divergence of the two species.Key words: minisatellites, sex chromosome, W chromosome, amplification.
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Fridolfsson, Anna-Karin, and Hans Ellegren. "Molecular Evolution of the Avian CHD1 Genes on the Z and W Sex Chromosomes." Genetics 155, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 1903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.4.1903.

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Abstract Genes shared between the nonrecombining parts of the two types of sex chromosomes offer a potential means to study the molecular evolution of the same gene exposed to different genomic environments. We have analyzed the molecular evolution of the coding sequence of the first pair of genes found to be shared by the avian Z (present in both sexes) and W (female-specific) sex chromosomes, CHD1Z and CHD1W. We show here that these two genes evolve independently but are highly conserved at nucleotide as well as amino acid levels, thus not indicating a female-specific role of the CHD1W gene. From comparisons of sequence data from three avian lineages, the frequency of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) was found to be higher for CHD1W (1.55 per 100 sites) than for CHD1Z (0.81), while the opposite was found for synonymous substitutions (Ks, 13.5 vs. 22.7). We argue that the lower effective population size and the absence of recombination on the W chromosome will generally imply that nonsynonymous substitutions accumulate faster on this chromosome than on the Z chromosome. The same should be true for the Y chromosome relative to the X chromosome in XY systems. Our data are compatible with a male-biased mutation rate, manifested by the faster rate of neutral evolution (synonymous substitutions) on the Z chromosome than on the female-specific W chromosome.
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Kretschmer, Rafael, Ricardo José Gunski, Analía del Valle Garnero, Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas, Gustavo Akira Toma, Marcelo de Bello Cioffi, Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira, Rebecca E. O’Connor, and Darren K. Griffin. "Chromosomal Analysis in Crotophaga ani (Aves, Cuculiformes) Reveals Extensive Genomic Reorganization and an Unusual Z-Autosome Robertsonian Translocation." Cells 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010004.

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Although cytogenetics studies in cuckoos (Aves, Cuculiformes) have demonstrated an interesting karyotype variation, such as variations in the chromosome morphology and diploid number, their chromosome organization and evolution, and relation with other birds are poorly understood. Hence, we combined conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches to investigate chromosome homologies between chicken and the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani). Our results demonstrate extensive chromosome reorganization in C. ani, with interchromosomal rearrangements involving macro and microchromosomes. Intrachromosomal rearrangements were observed in some macrochromosomes, including the Z chromosome. The most evolutionary notable finding was a Robertsonian translocation between the microchromosome 17 and the Z chromosome, a rare event in birds. Additionally, the simple short repeats (SSRs) tested here were preferentially accumulated in the microchromosomes and in the Z and W chromosomes, showing no relationship with the constitutive heterochromatin regions, except in the W chromosome. Taken together, our results suggest that the avian sex chromosome is more complex than previously postulated and revealed the role of microchromosomes in the avian sex chromosome evolution, especially cuckoos.
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Sundström, Hannah, Matthew T. Webster, and Hans Ellegren. "Is the Rate of Insertion and Deletion Mutation Male Biased?: Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Avian and Primate Sex Chromosome Sequences." Genetics 164, no. 1 (May 1, 2003): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.1.259.

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Abstract The rate of mutation for nucleotide substitution is generally higher among males than among females, likely owing to the larger number of DNA replications in spermatogenesis than in oogenesis. For insertion and deletion (indel) mutations, data from a few human genetic disease loci indicate that the two sexes may mutate at similar rates, possibly because such mutations arise in connection with meiotic crossing over. To address origin- and sex-specific rates of indel mutation we have conducted the first large-scale molecular evolutionary analysis of indels in noncoding DNA sequences from sex chromosomes. The rates are similar on the X and Y chromosomes of primates but about twice as high on the avian Z chromosome as on the W chromosome. The fact that indels are not uncommon on the nonrecombining Y and W chromosomes excludes meiotic crossing over as the main cause of indel mutation. On the other hand, the similar rates on X and Y indicate that the number of DNA replications (higher for Y than for X) is also not the main factor. Our observations are therefore consistent with a role of both DNA replication and recombination in the generation of short insertion and deletion mutations. A significant excess of deletion compared to insertion events is observed on the avian W chromosome, consistent with gradual DNA loss on a nonrecombining chromosome.
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Sigeman, Hanna, Suvi Ponnikas, Pallavi Chauhan, Elisa Dierickx, M. de L. Brooke, and Bengt Hansson. "Repeated sex chromosome evolution in vertebrates supported by expanded avian sex chromosomes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1916 (November 27, 2019): 20192051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2051.

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Sex chromosomes have evolved from the same autosomes multiple times across vertebrates, suggesting that selection for recombination suppression has acted repeatedly and independently on certain genetic backgrounds. Here, we perform comparative genomics of a bird clade (larks and their sister lineage; Alaudidae and Panuridae) where multiple autosome–sex chromosome fusions appear to have formed expanded sex chromosomes. We detected the largest known avian sex chromosome (195.3 Mbp) and show that it originates from fusions between parts of four avian chromosomes: Z, 3, 4A and 5. Within these four chromosomes, we found evidence of five evolutionary strata where recombination had been suppressed at different time points, and show that stratum age explained the divergence rate of Z–W gametologs. Next, we analysed chromosome content and found that chromosome 3 was significantly enriched for genes with predicted sex-related functions. Finally, we demonstrate extensive homology to sex chromosomes in other vertebrate lineages: chromosomes Z, 3, 4A and 5 have independently evolved into sex chromosomes in fish (Z), turtles (Z, 5), lizards (Z, 4A), mammals (Z, 4A) and frogs (Z, 3, 4A, 5). Our results provide insights into and support for repeated evolution of sex chromosomes in vertebrates.
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Küpper, Clemens, Jakob Augustin, Scott Edwards, Tamás Székely, András Kosztolányi, Terry Burke, and Daniel E. Janes. "Triploid plover female provides support for a role of the W chromosome in avian sex determination." Biology Letters 8, no. 5 (May 30, 2012): 787–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0329.

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Two models, Z Dosage and Dominant W , have been proposed to explain sex determination in birds, in which males are characterized by the presence of two Z chromosomes, and females are hemizygous with a Z and a W chromosome. According to the Z Dosage model, high dosage of a Z-linked gene triggers male development, whereas the Dominant W model postulates that a still unknown W-linked gene triggers female development. Using 33 polymorphic microsatellite markers, we describe a female triploid Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus identified by characteristic triallelic genotypes at 14 autosomal markers that produced viable diploid offspring. Chromatogram analysis showed that the sex chromosome composition of this female was ZZW. Together with two previously described ZZW female birds, our results suggest a prominent role for a female determining gene on the W chromosome. These results imply that avian sex determination is more dynamic and complex than currently envisioned.
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Itoh, Yuichiro, Kathy Kampf, and Arthur P. Arnold. "Molecular cloning of zebra finch W chromosome repetitive sequences: evolution of the avian W chromosome." Chromosoma 117, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-007-0130-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Avian W chromosome"

1

Griffiths, Richard. "The isolation and application of W chromosome derived DNA sequences in the lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293465.

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Bonselaar, Jacqueline A. "Expression of the Avian sex-specific gene on the W chromosome in chickens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ47310.pdf.

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Chapman, Alexandra. "Development of Novel High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Assays for Gender Identification of Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) and other Birds." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148342.

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Unambiguous gender identification (ID) is needed to assess parameters in studies of population dynamics, behavior, and evolutionary biology of Caribbean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) and other birds. Due to its importance for management and conservation, molecular (DNA-based) avian gender ID assays targeting intron-size differences of the Chromosome Helicase ATPase DNA Binding (CHD) gene of males (CHD-Z) and females (CHD-W) have been developed. Male (ZZ) and female (WZ) genotypes are usually scored as size polymorphisms through agarose or acrylamide gels. For certain species, W-specific restriction sites or multiplex polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) involving CHD-W specific primers are needed. These approaches involve a minimum of three steps following DNA isolation: PCR, gel electrophoresis, and photo-documentation, which limit high throughput scoring and automation potential. In here, a short amplicon (SA) High-resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) assay for avian gender ID is developed. SA-HRMA of an 81-Base Pair (bp) segment differentiates heteroduplex female (WZ) from homoduplex male (ZZ) genotypes by targeting Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) instead of intron-size differences between CHD-Z and CHD-W genes. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, the gender of Caribbean Flamingo (P. ruber ruber) (17 captive from the Dallas Zoo and 359 wild from Ria Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico) was determined. The assay was also tested on specimens of Lesser Flamingo (P. minor), Chilean Flamingo (P. chilensis), Saddle-billed Stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis), Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), White-bellied Stork (Ciconia abdimii), Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), Marabou Stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus), Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus), and Attwater's Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri). Although the orthologous 81 bp segments of Z and W are highly conserved, sequence alignments with 50 avian species across 15 families revealed mismatches affecting one or more nucleotides within the SA-HRMA forward or reverse primers. Most mismatches were located along the CHD-Z gene that may generate heteroduplex curves and thus gender ID errors. For such cases, taxon and species-specific primer sets were designed. The SA-HRMA gender ID assay can be used in studies of avian ecology and behavior, to assess sex-associated demographics and migratory patterns, and as a proxy to determine the health of the flock and the degree by which conservation and captive breeding programs are functioning.
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