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1

Kurochkin, Evgeny N., Gareth J. Dyke, Sergei V. Saveliev, Evgeny M. Pervushov, and Evgeny V. Popov. "A fossil brain from the Cretaceous of European Russia and avian sensory evolution." Biology Letters 3, no. 3 (2007): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0617.

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Fossils preserving traces of soft anatomy are rare in the fossil record; even rarer is evidence bearing on the size and shape of sense organs that provide us with insights into mode of life. Here, we describe unique fossil preservation of an avian brain from the Volgograd region of European Russia. The brain of this Melovatka bird is similar in shape and morphology to those of known fossil ornithurines (the lineage that includes living birds), such as the marine diving birds Hesperornis and Enaliornis , but documents a new stage in avian sensory evolution: acute nocturnal vision coupled with w
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2

Feduccia, Alan. "Fossils and avian evolution." Nature 414, no. 6863 (2001): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35107144.

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3

Clarke, Julia A., and Mark A. Norell. "Fossils and avian evolution." Nature 414, no. 6863 (2001): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35107146.

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4

ZINK, ROBERT M. "The evolution of avian migration." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 104, no. 2 (2011): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01752.x.

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5

Suarez, David L. "Evolution of avian influenza viruses." Veterinary Microbiology 74, no. 1-2 (2000): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00161-9.

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6

Howard., Hildegarde. "FOSSIL EVIDENCE OF AVIAN EVOLUTION." Ibis 92, no. 1 (2008): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1950.tb01728.x.

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7

Liu, Hung J., Long H. Lee, Hsiao W. Hsu, Liam C. Kuo, and Ming H. Liao. "Molecular evolution of avian reovirus:." Virology 314, no. 1 (2003): 336–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00415-x.

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8

Starck, J. Matthias, and Robert Ricklefs. "Symposium: Evolution of avian ontogenies." Journal of Ornithology 135, no. 3 (1994): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01639967.

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9

Österström, Ola, and Clas Lilja. "Evolution of avian eggshell structure." Journal of Morphology 273, no. 3 (2011): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.11018.

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10

Sereno, Paul C. "Origin and early evolution of Aves: dinosaurs, ancient birds, and mtDNA sequences." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008273.

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Recently a general cladistic framework for early avian evolution has emerged. Postcranial modifications in the wrist joint and elsewhere firmly establish birds as a diversified subgroup of maniraptoran theropods. And the best known Mesozoic avians–Archaeopteryx and Late Cretaceous Hesperornis and Ichthyornis –have been positioned as successive sister taxa to living birds. Within this framework, however, several basic phylogenetic questions need to be addressed: (1) Which maniraptorans are most closely related to birds? (2) How was the modern avian skeleton built during the first third of avian
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11

Zelenitsky, Darla K., François Therrien, Ryan C. Ridgely, Amanda R. McGee, and Lawrence M. Witmer. "Evolution of olfaction in non-avian theropod dinosaurs and birds." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1725 (2011): 3625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0238.

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Little is known about the olfactory capabilities of extinct basal (non-neornithine) birds or the evolutionary changes in olfaction that occurred from non-avian theropods through modern birds. Although modern birds are known to have diverse olfactory capabilities, olfaction is generally considered to have declined during avian evolution as visual and vestibular sensory enhancements occurred in association with flight. To test the hypothesis that olfaction diminished through avian evolution, we assessed relative olfactory bulb size, here used as a neuroanatomical proxy for olfactory capabilities
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12

MORRIS, SARA R. "AVIAN INCUBATION: BEHAVIOUR, ENVIRONMENT, AND EVOLUTION." Wilson Bulletin 114, no. 1 (2002): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0148:aibeae]2.0.co;2.

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13

SOCKMAN, KEITH W. "Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment, and Evolution." Condor 105, no. 1 (2003): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[164:b]2.0.co;2.

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14

Brown, Chris. "Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment, and Evolution." African Zoology 37, no. 2 (2002): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2002.11657187.

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15

Birkhead, Tim R. "The Evolution of Avian Breeding Systems." Heredity 83, no. 1 (1999): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6885842.

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16

Jones, D. N., and H. A. Ford. "The Evolution of Avian Breeding Systems." Emu - Austral Ornithology 100, no. 4 (2000): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu00921.

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17

He, Mei, Tie-Zhu An, and Chun-Bo Teng. "Evolution of mammalian and avian bornaviruses." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (October 2014): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.006.

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18

Ksepka, Daniel. "Flights of Fancy in Avian Evolution." American Scientist 102, no. 1 (2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2014.106.36.

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19

Burt, D. W. "Origin and evolution of avian microchromosomes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 96, no. 1-4 (2002): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000063018.

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20

Sockman, Keith W. "Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment, and Evolution." Condor 105, no. 1 (2003): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/105.1.164.

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21

Andrews, Glen K., Lawrence P. Fernando, Kirsten L. Moore, Tim P. Dalton, and Rodney J. Sobieski. "Avian Metallothioneins: Structure, Regulation and Evolution." Journal of Nutrition 126, suppl_4 (1996): 1317S—1323S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1317s.

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22

Burley, N. T., and K. Johnson. "The evolution of avian parental care." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1419 (2002): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0923.

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A stage model traces key behavioural tactics and life–history traits that are involved in the transition from promiscuity with no parental care, the mating system that typifies reptiles, to that typical of most birds, social monogamy with biparental care. In stage I, females assumed increasing parental investment in precocial young, female choice of mates increased, female–biased mating dispersal evolved and population sex ratios became male biased. In stage II, consortships between mating partners allowed males to attract rare social mates, provided a mechanism for paternity assessment and in
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23

Scanes, Colin G., and Eldon Braun. "Avian metabolism: its control and evolution." Frontiers in Biology 8, no. 2 (2012): 134–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11515-012-1206-2.

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24

O’Connor, Emily A., Helena Westerdahl, Reto Burri, and Scott V. Edwards. "Avian MHC Evolution in the Era of Genomics: Phase 1.0." Cells 8, no. 10 (2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101152.

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Birds are a wonderfully diverse and accessible clade with an exceptional range of ecologies and behaviors, making the study of the avian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of great interest. In the last 20 years, particularly with the advent of high-throughput sequencing, the avian MHC has been explored in great depth in several dimensions: its ability to explain ecological patterns in nature, such as mating preferences; its correlation with parasite resistance; and its structural evolution across the avian tree of life. Here, we review the latest pulse of avian MHC studies spurred by high
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25

Houde, Peter. "Special Issue: Genomic Analyses of Avian Evolution." Diversity 11, no. 10 (2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11100178.

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“Genomic Analyses of Avian Evolution” is a “state of the art” showcase of the varied and rapidly evolving fields of inquiry enabled and driven by powerful new methods of genome sequencing and assembly as they are applied to some of the world’s most familiar and charismatic organisms—birds. The contributions to this Special Issue are as eclectic as avian genomics itself, but loosely interrelated by common underpinnings of phylogenetic inference, de novo genome assembly of non-model species, and genome organization and content.
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26

Card, Daren C., W. Bryan Jennings, and Scott V. Edwards. "Genome Evolution and the Future of Phylogenomics of Non-Avian Reptiles." Animals 13, no. 3 (2023): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030471.

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Non-avian reptiles comprise a large proportion of amniote vertebrate diversity, with squamate reptiles—lizards and snakes—recently overtaking birds as the most species-rich tetrapod radiation. Despite displaying an extraordinary diversity of phenotypic and genomic traits, genomic resources in non-avian reptiles have accumulated more slowly than they have in mammals and birds, the remaining amniotes. Here we review the remarkable natural history of non-avian reptiles, with a focus on the physical traits, genomic characteristics, and sequence compositional patterns that comprise key axes of vari
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27

Emery, Nathan J. "Cognitive ornithology: the evolution of avian intelligence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1465 (2005): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1736.

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Comparative psychologists interested in the evolution of intelligence have focused their attention on social primates, whereas birds tend to be used as models of associative learning. However, corvids and parrots, which have forebrains relatively the same size as apes, live in complex social groups and have a long developmental period before becoming independent, have demonstrated ape-like intelligence. Although, ornithologists have documented thousands of hours observing birds in their natural habitat, they have focused their attention on avian behaviour and ecology, rather than intelligence.
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28

Carrano, Matthew T. "Homoplasy and the evolution of dinosaur locomotion." Paleobiology 26, no. 3 (2000): 489–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0489:hateod>2.0.co;2.

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In this paper, I survey hindlimb and pelvic anatomy across non-avian dinosaurs and analyze these within a cladistic framework to quantify patterns of change within the locomotor apparatus. Specifically, I attempt to identify where homoplasy constitutes parallelism and may thereby be used to infer similar selective pressures on hindlimb function. Traditional methods of discrete character optimization are used along with two methods for evaluating changes in continuous characters in a phylogenetic context (squared-change parsimony and clade rank correlation). Resultant patterns are evaluated in
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29

Pulido, Francisco. "The Genetics and Evolution of Avian Migration." BioScience 57, no. 2 (2007): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/b570211.

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30

Borisenko, L. G., and A. V. Rynditch. "Avian endogenous retroviruses: structure, expression and evolution." Biopolymers and Cell 18, no. 1 (2002): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0005e6.

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31

Jenkins, F. A. "The evolution of the avian shoulder joint." American Journal of Science 293, A (1993): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.293.a.253.

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32

Primmer, C. R., and H. Ellegren. "Patterns of molecular evolution in avian microsatellites." Molecular Biology and Evolution 15, no. 8 (1998): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026015.

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33

Nam, Kiwoong, Carina Mugal, Benoit Nabholz, et al. "Molecular evolution of genes in avian genomes." Genome Biology 11, no. 6 (2010): R68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2010-11-6-r68.

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34

Stoddard, Mary Caswell, Ee Hou Yong, Derya Akkaynak, Catherine Sheard, Joseph A. Tobias, and L. Mahadevan. "Avian egg shape: Form, function, and evolution." Science 356, no. 6344 (2017): 1249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaj1945.

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35

Escorcia, Magdalena, Lourdes Vázquez, Sara T. Méndez, Andrea Rodríguez-Ropón, Eduardo Lucio, and Gerardo M. Nava. "Avian influenza: genetic evolution under vaccination pressure." Virology Journal 5, no. 1 (2008): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-5-15.

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36

Hieronymus, Tobin L., and Lawrence M. Witmer. "Homology and Evolution of Avian Compound Rhamphothecae." Auk 127, no. 3 (2010): 590–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.09122.

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37

Jackwood, Mark W., David Hall, and Andreas Handel. "Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 12, no. 6 (2012): 1305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.05.003.

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38

Emery, Nathan J., and Nicola S. Clayton. "Evolution of the avian brain and intelligence." Current Biology 15, no. 23 (2005): R946—R950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.029.

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39

Xu, Xing, and Susan Mackem. "Tracing the Evolution of Avian Wing Digits." Current Biology 23, no. 12 (2013): R538—R544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.071.

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40

Hedenström, Anders. "Aerodynamics, evolution and ecology of avian flight." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 9 (2002): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02568-5.

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41

Meyer, Axel. "Avian Molecular Evolution and Systematics.David P. Mindell." Quarterly Review of Biology 73, no. 3 (1998): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420354.

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42

Apanius, V. "Avian trypanosomes as models of hemoflagellate evolution." Parasitology Today 7, no. 4 (1991): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(91)90203-z.

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43

Reiner, Anton, Kei Yamamoto, and Harvey J. Karten. "Organization and evolution of the avian forebrain." Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology 287A, no. 1 (2005): 1080–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20253.

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44

Kessler, Jenő (Eugen). "Water bird fauna in the Carpathian Basin from the beginnings through historical times." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 1 (2017): 70–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0006.

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Abstract This study aims to summarize the knowledge about the evolution and fossil remains of avian fauna near waterbodies, since ornithologists, who rarely come across or research the paleontology of birds, do not possess significantly detailed knowledge about the evolution and evidence of the current avian fauna.
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45

Hatchwell, Ben J. "The evolution of cooperative breeding in birds: kinship, dispersal and life history." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1533 (2009): 3217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0109.

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The evolution of cooperation among animals has posed a major problem for evolutionary biologists, and despite decades of research into avian cooperative breeding systems, many questions about the evolution of their societies remain unresolved. A review of the kin structure of avian societies shows that a large majority live in kin-based groups. This is consistent with the proposed evolutionary routes to cooperative breeding via delayed dispersal leading to family formation, or limited dispersal leading to kin neighbourhoods. Hypotheses proposed to explain the evolution of cooperative breeding
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46

Finck, Elmer J. "Avian Ecology." Ecology 71, no. 1 (1990): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940290.

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47

Osinubi, Samuel Temidayo. "Avian Cognition." Ostrich 89, no. 3 (2018): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2018.1496311.

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48

Stavrinides, John, and David S. Guttman. "Mosaic Evolution of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus." Journal of Virology 78, no. 1 (2004): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.1.76-82.2004.

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ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a deadly form of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, a viral family responsible for mild respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of animals including humans, pigs, cows, mice, cats, and birds. Analyses to date have been unable to identify the precise origin of the SARS coronavirus. We used Bayesian, neighbor-joining, and split decomposition phylogenetic techniques on the SARS virus replicase, surface spike, matrix, and nucleocapsid proteins to reveal the evolutionary origin of this recently emerging infectious agent. The analyses
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49

Neumann, Gabriele, Margaret A. Green, and Catherine A. Macken. "Evolution of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses and the emergence of dominant variants." Journal of General Virology 91, no. 8 (2010): 1984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.020750-0.

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Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses have circulated in South-east Asia for more than a decade and have now spread to more than 60 countries. The evolution of these viruses is characterized by frequent reassortment of the so-called ‘internal’ genes, creating novel genotypes. Additionally, over time, the surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA), which is the primary target of the adaptive immune response, has evolved by point mutation into 20 genetically and potentially antigenically distinct clades. To investigate the evolution of avian H5N1 influenza viruses, we undertook a high-resolution a
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50

Athukorala, Ajani, Karla J. Helbig, Brian P. Mcsharry, Jade K. Forwood, and Subir Sarker. "Adenoviruses in Avian Hosts: Recent Discoveries Shed New Light on Adenovirus Diversity and Evolution." Viruses 14, no. 8 (2022): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081767.

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While adenoviruses cause infections in a wide range of vertebrates, members of the genus Atadenovirus, Siadenovirus, and Aviadenovirus predominantly infect avian hosts. Several recent studies on avian adenoviruses have encouraged us to re-visit previously proposed adenovirus evolutionary concepts. Complete genomes and partial DNA polymerase sequences of avian adenoviruses were extracted from NCBI and analysed using various software. Genomic analyses and constructed phylogenetic trees identified the atadenovirus origin from an Australian native passerine bird in contrast to the previously estab
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