Academic literature on the topic 'Aves Anseriformes'

The revealed prevalence of coronaviruses in wild bird populations in Poland was 4.15% and the main reservoirs were birds from orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, with a prevalence of 3.51% and 5.59%, respectively. Gammacoronaviruses were detected more often than deltacoronaviruses, with detection rates of 3.5% and 0.7%, respectively. Gammacoronaviruses were detected in birds belonging to six orders, including Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Columbiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, and Passeriformes, indicating a relatively wide host range. Interestingly, this was the only coronavirus detected in Anseriformes (3.51%), while in Charadriiformes, the prevalence was 3.1%. The identified gammacoronaviruses belonged to the Igacovirus and Brangacovirus subgeneras. Most of these were igacoviruses and formed a common phylogenetic group with a Duck Coronavirus 2714 and two with an Avian Coronavirus/Avian Coronavirus9203, while the viruses from the pigeons formed a distinct “pigeon-like” group, not yet officially represented. The presence of deltacoronaviruses was detected in birds belonging to three orders, Charadriiformes, Galliformes, and Suliformes indicating a narrower host range. Most identified deltacoronaviruses belonged to the Buldecovirus subgenus, while only one belonged to Herdecovirus. Interestingly, the majority of buldecoviruses were identified in gulls, and they formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage not represented by any officially ratified virus species. Another separate group of buldecoviruses, also not represented by the official species, was formed by a virus identified in a common snipe. Only one identified buldecovirus (from common pheasant) formed a group with the ratified species Coronavirus HKU15. The results obtained indicate the high diversity of detected coronaviruses, and thus also the need to update their taxonomy (establishing new representative virus species). The serological studies performed revealed antibodies against an infectious bronchitis virus in the sera of white storks and mallards.

Avaliaram-se retrospectivamente as cirurgias realizadas em aves no Serviço de Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, durante período de oito anos. De um total de 90 intervenções cirúrgicas para diagnóstico e/ou tratamento de afecções, 27 foram ortopédicas e 63 de tecidos moles. Quanto ao percentual de cirurgias ortopédicas realizadas segundo as diferentes ordens, observou-se: Psittaciformes 85,19%, Piciformes 7,41%, Anseriformes 3,70% e Falconiformes 3,70%. Para as de tecidos moles os Psittaciformes representaram 92,06%, Columbiformes 3,17%, Passeriformes 3,17% e Anseriformes 1,60%. Entre os tipos de afecções ortopédicas encontradas as fraturas apresentaram a maior ocorrência (88,90%), seguidas de luxação (3,70%), avulsão traumática de extremidade (3,70%) e artrite/osteomielite (3,70%). Dentre as afecções cirúrgicas de tecidos moles as neoplasias apresentaram a maior ocorrência (30,15%), seguidas das neoformações cutâneas ou de anexos não neoplásicos (17,46%), neoformações cutâneas sem diagnóstico (7,94%), distocia (7,94%), fístula de papo (7,94%), hérnia abdominal (4,76%), sinusite (4,76%), gangrena de extremidade de membros (3,17%), perfuração de esôfago (3,17%), prolapso de cloaca (3,17%), "Necrose avascular de dígito" (1,59%), ferida na região da quilha (1,59%), perfuração de cavidade celomática (1,59%), neoformação em cavidade celomática sem diagnóstico (1,59%), corpo estranho em trato gastrointestinal (1,59%) e otite (1,59%). A distribuição das afecções cirúrgicas segundo as espécies acometidas mostrou o "grupo dos papagaios", representado em sua maioria por espécies do gênero Amazona, como prevalente. O conhecimento das afecções cirúrgicas e espécies de aves mais acometidas acrescentam informações para aqueles que já atuam nesta área e servem como indicador de estudo para futuros cirurgiões de aves.

Orientador: Reginaldo José Donatelli
Banca: Sérgio Roberto Posso
Banca: Márcia Cristina Pascotto
Resumo: As aves Anhimidae (Ordem: Anseriformes) são constituídas por três espécies (Anhima cornuta, Chauna chavaria e C. torquata) endêmicas da América do Sul; seu esqueleto dotado de extrema pneumatização juntamente com a ausência do processo uncinado nas costelas, caracterizam bem esse grupo. Estudos detalhados voltados para anatomia craniana dessa família são escassos. Sendo assim, a osteologia craniana das três espécies da família Anhimidae foi descrita e comparada para verificar se existem variações interespecíficas nos crânios dessas aves e discutir os aspectos morfofuncionais desse grupo; além disso, o crânio dessas espécies foi comparado com o crânio de algumas espécies das famílias Cracidae, Anseranatidae e Anatidae com o intuito de listar um conjunto de caracteres exclusivos dos anhimídeos e discutir como alguns caracteres cranianos evoluíram nessas famílias. Foram identificadas 23 diferenças interespecíficas encontradas no crânio dos membros da família Anhimidae, sendo que a maioria delas diferencia o gênero Chauna de Anhima. Os caracteres que mais caracterizam os anhimídeos são o processo pós-orbital; a aponeurose ossificada do músculo adutor externo; o processo jugal; a fossa coanal do palatino; o processo ótico do quadrado; a fossa medial da mandíbula; e o processo retroarticular da mandíbula. Ainda, o estudo dos caracteres cranianos mostrou maior semelhança entre os anhimídeos e os demais Anseriformes, que quando comparados com os Galiformes, justificando sua posição dentro dos Anseriformes. E concluiu-se que a região esquamosal foi a que mais sofreu modificações compensando o baixo desenvolvimento de suas fossas e a ausência do processo esquamosal; além disso, a mandíbula se destacou como a região mais desenvolvida do crânio com seus longos processos e amplas fossas. Desta forma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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As aves Anhimidae (Ordem: Anseriformes) são constituídas por três espécies (Anhima cornuta, Chauna chavaria e C. torquata) endêmicas da América do Sul; seu esqueleto dotado de extrema pneumatização juntamente com a ausência do processo uncinado nas costelas, caracterizam bem esse grupo. Estudos detalhados voltados para anatomia craniana dessa família são escassos. Sendo assim, a osteologia craniana das três espécies da família Anhimidae foi descrita e comparada para verificar se existem variações interespecíficas nos crânios dessas aves e discutir os aspectos morfofuncionais desse grupo; além disso, o crânio dessas espécies foi comparado com o crânio de algumas espécies das famílias Cracidae, Anseranatidae e Anatidae com o intuito de listar um conjunto de caracteres exclusivos dos anhimídeos e discutir como alguns caracteres cranianos evoluíram nessas famílias. Foram identificadas 23 diferenças interespecíficas encontradas no crânio dos membros da família Anhimidae, sendo que a maioria delas diferencia o gênero Chauna de Anhima. Os caracteres que mais caracterizam os anhimídeos são o processo pós-orbital; a aponeurose ossificada do músculo adutor externo; o processo jugal; a fossa coanal do palatino; o processo ótico do quadrado; a fossa medial da mandíbula; e o processo retroarticular da mandíbula. Ainda, o estudo dos caracteres cranianos mostrou maior semelhança entre os anhimídeos e os demais Anseriformes, que quando comparados com os Galiformes, justificando sua posição dentro dos Anseriformes. E concluiu-se que a região esquamosal foi a que mais sofreu modificações compensando o baixo desenvolvimento de suas fossas e a ausência do processo esquamosal; além disso, a mandíbula se destacou como a região mais desenvolvida do crânio com seus longos processos e amplas fossas. Desta forma...
Not available

A consensus classification for the waterfowl (order Anseriformes) has never been reached. There have been many revisions of the relationships within the order including those of the monotypic Australian genera. The Southern Hemisphere anseriforms comprise a large number of monotypic, endemic genera which have traditionally been linked to the established genera and tribes of the Northern Hemisphere. More recently, however, with the recognition of endemic Australian radiations of marsupial mammals (Main and Bakker 1981) and passerine birds (Cracraft 1976; Sibley and Ahlquist 1985; Christidis et al. 1988; Christidis and Schodde 1991), the affinities of the six monotypic Australian genera of anseriforms have been questioned (Delacour 1954; Frith 1955, 1964a, b, 1982; Johnsgard 196la, b, 1966; Davies and Frith 1964; Fullager 1990). In particular, whether they are more closely related to one another, or whether some or all of these monotypic genera have closer affinities with the Northern Hemisphere genera. Classification of the taxonomic relationships of the aberrant Australian endemic species may also corroborate or refute the recently advanced hypothesis of a Southern Hemisphere origin for the Anseriformes (Cracraft 1976, 1980; Livezey 1986; Olson 1988). A 307bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the 19 native Australian anseriforms and four Northern Hemisphere species was enzymatically amplified by PCR and manually sequenced. The Chicken (Gallus gallus) and Muscovy Duck (Cairinia moschatd) cytochrome b sequences were obtained from Genbank. The patterns of evolutionary dynamics within the cytochrome b gene of Anseriformes appear to conform to those reported in studies of avian and other vertebrate mtDNA. A new phylogenetic classification for the Anseriformes is proposed. The phylogenetic trees generated in this study indicate that the monotypic Australian genera, the pygmygeese and the swans and geese are members of the subfamily Anserinae which appears to represent a Southern Hemisphere radiation. Within the Anserinae, the Cape Barren Goose and Freckled Duck link most closely with each other, the Pink-eared Duck appears to be closely related to the true geese, the Musk Duck is a sister taxon to the Pink-eared Duck and may be less closely related to the Oxyura than previously thought and the Magpie Goose is the most divergent member of the Anseriformes included in this study. The Maned Duck and the remaining native Australian anseriforms are members of the established European genera and tribes of waterfowl. These species probably represent a secondary radiation of recent Northern Hemisphere invaders of Australia. Finally, the data provides some support for the theory of a Southern origin for the Anseriformes.

Os vírus da influenza aviária, ou vírus da influenza A, podem acometer inúmeras espécies de aves e mamíferos, e são conhecidos pelos relevantes impactos gerados na economia e Saúde Pública. As aves pertencentes às ordens Anseriformes (patos, marrecos e cisnes) e Charadriiformes (maçaricos, gaivotas e trinta-réis) são consideradas reservatórios, sendo que o comportamento migratório de muitas destas espécies pode favorecer a disseminação viral entre países. Existem poucos estudos sobre a circulação dos vírus da influenza aviária na América do Sul, dificultando a compreensão da ecologia e epidemiologia destes patógenos no Brasil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo monitorar as aves migratórias, em áreas de descanso e invernada na região Amazônica brasileira, por meio da detecção e caracterização dos vírus da influenza A. Através de seis expedições científicas ao norte do estado do Pará entre 2008 e 2010 foram colhidos swabs orotraqueais e cloacais de 1093 aves silvestres, principalmente Anseriformes e Charadriiformes. Pela técnica de Real time RT-PCR, nove aves foram positivas: 2 Actitis macularius, 4 Arenaria interpres, 1 Calidris pusilla, 1 Charadrius semipalmatus e 1 Dendrocygna viduata. Destas, o isolamento viral foi realizado com sucesso a partir das amostras de três Arenaria interpres, corroborando estudos que demonstram uma elevada prevalência do vírus da influenza A nesta espécie. As reações de inibição da hemaglutinação e de inibição da neuraminidase revelaram tratar-se do subtipo viral H11N9, considerado de baixa patogenicidade e relativamente comum nestas aves. O sequenciamento genético indicou estreita relação filogenética entre as estirpes virais deste estudo e aquelas isoladas na América do Norte, evidenciando um vínculo epidemiológico entre estas populações. Assim, é essencial a contínua vigilância epidemiológica dos vírus da influenza aviária em aves silvestres nesta região, visando a obtenção de informações sobre a prevalência do vírus, subtipos circulantes e suas características patogênicas, para subsidiar medidas apropriadas de prevenção e controle caso ocorram surtos no país.
Avian influenza viruses infect a variety of birds and mammals and are known for their relevant enconomic and public health impacts. Anseriformes (ducks, mallards and geese) and Charadriiformes (shorebirds, seagulls and terns) are natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses, and the migratory behaviour of many of these species can result in the spread of the virus among countries. There are few studies investigating the occorrence of these viruses in South America, hindering understanding of their ecology and epidemiology in Brazil. This study aims to detect and characterize avian influenza viruses in migratory birds in wintering areas on the Amazon coast. Orotracheal and cloacal swabs were obtained from 1093 wild birds, mostly Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, during six expeditions between 2008 and 2010 to the state of Pará, Brazil. Samples from nine birds were positive to Real time RT-PCR: 2 Actitis macularius, 4 Arenaria interpres, 1 Calidris pusilla, 1 Charadrius semipalmatus e 1 Dendrocygna viduata. Virus isolation was successfully carried out for the samples from three Arenaria interpres, in agreement with previous studies reporting high prevalence in this species. Hemaglutinin and neuraminidase inhibition assays indicated these strains belonged to subtype H11N9, considered low pathogenic and relatively common in shorebirds. Gene sequencing demonstrated close phylogenetic relationship between the strains isolated in this study and those found in North America, revealing the existence of epidemiological conectivity among these populations. It is therefore vital to maintain active epidemilogical surveillance of wild birds in this region, collecting information on virus prevalence, subtype and pathogenicity that may in turn be used to implement prevention and control policies for avian influenza outbreaks.

Anseriformes, or waterfowl, are related to Galliformes (chickens and kin), together forming the most basal sister of Neoaves. The order is generally considered to comprise four families: Presbyornithidae (Late Cretaceous - Eocene); Anseranatidae (Paleocene-present); Anhimidae (Oligocene-present); Anatidae (Oligocene-present), but the giant Tertiary flightless taxa Dromornithidae (Australia), Gastornithidae (Eurasia) and Diatrymidae (North America) have also been referred to the order. Australasia presently has a unique waterfowl fauna characterized by low species diversity but high phylogenetic diversity: the Magpie Goose Anseranas (the sole surviving anseranatid), several monotypic endemic anatid genera of uncertain relationships (Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis, Freckled Duck Stictonetta, Pinkeared Duck Malacorhynchus and Musk Duck Biziura), several relatively primitive taxa (the aforementioned plus whistling ducks Dendrocygna and Blue-billed Duck Oxyura). The evolutionary history of this fauna has, until now, not been examined via the fossil record. In this thesis, the literature for the global fossil record of Anseranatidae and Anatidae is reviewed. The Neogene (Oligocene-Pliocene) fossil record of Anseriformes, exclusive of dromornithids, is studied from both New Zealand and Australia. For New Zealand, all materials derive from the St Bathans Fauna, Early Miocene (19-16 Ma), Otago. Herein, the first description of this fauna is provided, with four anatid genera (Manuherikia, Dunstanetta, Matanas and Miotadorna) established for five species, with a sixth taxon reported (Chapter 2). The phylogenetic affinities of Manuherikia, Dunstanetta and Miotadorna are examined using parsimony analysis of morphological data (133 characters) in Chapter 3. Miotadorna is a shelduck related to tadornines, perhaps sister to Tadorna, and Manuherikia and Dunstanetta are oxyurines related to the Stictonetta, Malacorhynchus, Oxyura and Biziura). A further species of Manuherikia and the existence of definite anserines, probably related to Cereopsis, are described in Chapter 4. The fossil record of Australian anseriforms is described in Chapters 5-8. The Oligo- Miocene record derives principally from the Etadunna and Namba Formations (26-24 Ma) in the Lake Eyre and Frome Basins, respectively, in South Australia. Four taxa are described, with all occurring both in the Namba and Etadunna Formations: a single genus, Pinpanetta, is established for three species and another, Australotadorna, for a tadornine. Phylogenetic analyses (parsimony and Bayesian) of a dataset (150 characters, 61 taxa) show Pinpanetta is an oxyurine and confirm the previously found oxyurine affinity of Manuherikia and Dunstanetta. A monophyletic clade with moderate support is found for an expanded Oxyurinae that has Stictonetta basal, followed successively by Mionetta (Oligo- Miocene of Europe), Malacorhynchus, Pinpanetta, Manuherikia, Dunstanetta, Oxyura and Nomonyx, Biziura and Thalassornis. This same analysis finds anserines the most basal group in Anatidae, so changing position with Dendrocygna, considered by recent authors to be the most basal anatid. A new genus and species of anseranatid is described from a Faunal Zone A (System A, Late Oligocene) deposit at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland (Chapter 6). This first pre-Pliocene record of the family in Australia is of equivalent age to the youngest European fossil anseranatid, Anserpica from France, but younger than the Eocene Anatalavis of England. Only one of three other waterfowl bones known from Riversleigh deposits is identifiable and is referred to a species of Pinpanetta found in the Etadunna Formation. Mid-Late Miocene deposits containing waterfowl are restricted in Australia to just the Waite Formation (c. 8 Ma) at Alcoota in the Northern Territory. Three bones indicate an undetermined tadornine and an undetermined anatid, different from any known species. The Pliocene record of anseriforms in South Australia is described from the Tirari Formation (Kanunka and Toolapinna Faunas) (Chapter 7). Nine modern species (Anseranas semipalmata, Cereopsis novaehollandiae, Cygnus atratus, Tadorna tadornoides, Biziura lobata, Oxyura australis, Anas cf A. castanea, A. cf A. gracilis and Aythya australis) are represented. A single extinct species, Tirarinetta kanunka, is described and referred to Oxyurinae. From the Parilla Sands, Late Pliocene, at Bookmark Cliffs on the Murray River, a single humerus is described (Chapter 8) and referred to Tadorna cf. T. tadornoides. A total of 11 anatid taxa is described from latest Oligocene-Early Miocene deposits in Australasia, which considerably adds to the global record of seven species previously reported for this period. Considering also the anseranatids, the Late Oligocene – Early Miocene fauna of Australia is thus established as having equivalent diversity to that from similar-aged deposits in Europe, but by the late Early Miocene, the New Zealand fauna was more diverse than any other Oligo-Miocene fauna known. The more limited samples available, compared to those from New Zealand, probably explain the lack of a similar diversity being revealed for Australia from this period. In both Australia and New Zealand, the Oligo-Miocene faunas are dominated by oxyurine taxa, as were those in Europe. The presence of a tadornine in Australia in the latest Oligocene and another in New Zealand in the Early Miocene precede the appearance of this subfamily in the Northern Hemisphere by 10 Ma, implying a southern origin for this group. The Late Oligocene presence of Mionetta in Europe and of Pinpanetta in Australia, and their referral to Oxyurinae, establishes a minimum age for the origin of this subfamily in the latest Oligocene. The establishment of a fauna comprised of modern species by the Pliocene indicates substantial faunal turnover probably in the Late Miocene. This turnover is due in part to immigration of taxa (Cygnus, Anas, Aythya) and in situ evolution (all endemic genera), as occurred in other Australian vertebrates (rodents, snakes, bats). Thus faunal composition in Australia appears to have been more affected by attainment of some threshold in proximity to Asia being breached by the northward continental drift of Australia, than by aridification, which has been ongoing since the Middle Miocene.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008