Relevant bibliographies by topics / Average duration of fades (ADF)

Academic literature on the topic 'Average duration of fades (ADF)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Average duration of fades (ADF)"

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Vela-Garcia, L., J. Vázquez Castillo, R. Parra-Michel, and Matthias Pätzold. "An Accurate Hardware Sum-of-Cisoids Fading Channel Simulator for Isotropic and Non-Isotropic Mobile Radio Environments." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/542198.

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The rapid technological development in the field of wireless communications calls for devices capable of reproducing and simulating the behavior of the channel under realistic propagation conditions. This paper presents a hardware fading channel simulator that is able to generate stochastic processes characterized by symmetrical and asymmetrical Doppler power spectral densities (PSDs) depending on the assumption of isotropic or non-isotropic scattering. The concept of the proposed hardware simulator is based on an implementation of the sum-of-cisoids (SOC) method. The hardware simulator is capable of handling any configuration of the cisoid's amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. Each of the cisoids that constitutes the SOC model is implemented using a piecewise polynomial approximation technique. The investigation of the higher-order statistics of the generated fading processes, like the level-crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF), shows that our design is able to reproduce accurately the key features of realistic channel models that are considered as candidates for the latest wireless communication standards.
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Chemere, Befekadu, Jiyung Kim, Baehun Lee, Moonju Kim, Byongwan Kim, and Kyungil Sung. "Detecting Long-Term Dry Matter Yield Trend of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid and Climatic Factors Using Time Series Analysis in the Republic of Korea." Agriculture 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8120197.

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Despite the gradual increase in livestock feed demands, the supply faces enormous challenges due to extreme climatic conditions. As the presence of these climatic condition has the potential to affect the yield of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSH), understanding the yield variation in relation to the climatic conditions provides the ability to come up with proper mitigation strategies. This study was designed to detect the effect of climatic factors on the long-term dry matter yield (DMY) trend of SSH using time series analysis in the Republic of Korea. The collected data consisted of DMY, seeding-harvesting dates, the location where the cultivation took place, cultivars, and climatic factors related to cultivation of SSH. Based on the assumption of normality, the final data set (n = 420) was generated after outliers had been removed using Box-plot analysis. To evaluate the seasonality of DMY, an augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and a correlogram of Autocorrelation Function (ACF) were used. Prior to detecting the effect of climatic factors on the DMY trend, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was fitted to non-seasonal DMY series, and ARIMA (2, 1, 1) was found to be the optimal model to describe the long-term DMY trend of SSH. ARIMA with climatic factors (ARIMAX) detected significance (p < 0.05) of Seeding-Harvesting Precipitation Amount (SHPA) and Seeding-Harvesting Accumulated Temperature (SHAMT) on DMY trend. This does not mean that the average temperature and duration of exposure to sunshine do not affect the growth and development of SSH. The result underlines the impact of the precipitation model as a major factor for the seasonality of long-term DMY of SSH in the Republic of Korea.
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Patzold, M., and F. Laue. "Level-crossing rate and average duration of fades of deterministic simulation models for Rice fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, no. 4 (July 1999): 1121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.775361.

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Akram, Muhammad Imran, and Asrar U. H. Sheikh. "On the Statistical Properties of Nakagami-Hoyt Vehicle-to-Vehicle Fading Channel under Nonisotropic Scattering." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/179378.

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This paper presents the statistical properties of the vehicle-to-vehicle Nakagami-Hoyt (Nakagami-q) channel model under non-isotropic condition. The spatial time correlation function (STCF), the power spectral density (PSD), squared time autocorrelation function (SQCF), level crossing rate (LCR), and the average duration of Fade (ADF) of the Nakagami-Hoyt channel have been derived under the assumption that both the transmitter and receiver are nonstationary having nonomnidirectional antennas. A simulator that uses the inverse-fast-fourier-transform- (IFFT-) based computation method is designed for this model. The simulator and analytical results are compared.
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Pätzold, Matthias, Javier Vázquez Castillo, Carlos A. Gutiérrez, and Ramón Parra Michel. "An Exact Solution for the Level-Crossing Rate and the Average Duration of Fades of the Envelope of Sum-of-Cisoids Processes." Procedia Technology 3 (2012): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2012.03.004.

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Hogstad, B. O., M. Patzold, N. Youssef, and V. Kontorovitch. "Exact Closed-Form Expressions for the Distribution, the Level-Crossing Rate, and the Average Duration of Fades of the Capacity of OSTBC-MIMO Channels." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 58, no. 2 (February 2009): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.927038.

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Dvořáčková, Jitka, Petr Doležal, and Ivo Vyskočil. "Effect of the growing season duration of sorghum and Sudan grass hybrids on the chemical composition and digestibility of organic matter." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 6 (2013): 1629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361061629.

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In our experimental study we used the four most commonly grown (in the Czech Republic) sorghum and Sudan grass hybrids from USA (Nutri Honey, Latte, Honey Graze, Big Kahuna) and one hybrid from Germany (Bovital). The aim of the study was to compare these hybrids and to find out the influence of the growing season length on their nutrient composition and digestibility of organic matter. Samples were taken in the first cut, always in 14-day intervals. The crop was sown in early June, sampling started on July 19, 2010 and finished 8 weeks later on September 13, 2010.When assessing the influence of the growing season’s length the following values and development trends were discovered. Constant decreases over the testing period were recorded in nitrogen compounds – by 62 % (133.13 g), easily soluble sugars – 55. 5 % (40.06 g), organic matter digestibility 25.7 % (182.93 g) and NDF (neutro – detergent fibre) digestibility 31.5 % (73.2 g). Increasing trend, on the other hand, was recorded in fibre – by 30.4 % (99.2 g) and its individual components: lignin, NDF and ADF (acido – detergent fibre).In the second part of the experiment we were studying the differences in nutrient composition and organic matter digestibility between the individual hybrids. Honey Graze was recorded as having the highest average content of easily soluble sugars 57.53 ± 0.43 g, with lowest fibre content (272.13 ± 2.49 g), lowest ADF content (331.4 ± 2.88 g) and NDF content (440.4 ± 4.20 g) and lignin (77.47 ± 0.71 g). This hybrid also showed the best organic matter of (657.07 ± 5.28 g); however, no statistically conclusive differences (P < 0.05) in terms of organic matter digestibility were recorded between this hybrid and the other ones. The Bovital hybrid had the highest content of nitrogen compounds over the entire growing season (138.73 ± 0.94 g). Statistically highly conclusive difference (P < 0.01) in nitrogen compounds was found between this hybrid and all the other ones (except Big Kahuna). Upon all the indicators, the best rated sorghum and Sudan grass hybrid in terms of nutrient composition and organic matter digestibility was Honey Graze.
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Kavana, Pius Yoram, Ephraim J. Mtengeti, Anthony Sangeda, Christopher Mahonge, Robert Fyumagwa, and Bukombe John. "How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania?" Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(9)120-133.

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The impacts of agro-pastoral activities on soil properties, plus nutritive value and residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants in areas of different land uses in western Serengeti, were evaluated. Vegetation and soil were sampled along 4,000 m transects laid across fallow land, areas grazed only by livestock, mixed grazing (livestock and wildlife) and wildlife grazing only. A total number of 123 plant species were encountered during sampling. Analyses of soil and vegetation samples were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture laboratories. The estimated average density of grazing animals encountered was 160 TLU/km2 on transects within livestock-dominated grazing lands, 129 TLU/km2 for mixed grazing and 83 TLU/km2 for wildlife grazing only. Results indicated that ADF, IVDMD, IVOMD, ME and TDN in residual herbaceous forage at flowering were significantly (P<0.05) affected by land use type but CP, NDF and ADL were not affected. Soil pH, OC, CEC, C:N ratio and Ca differed significantly (P<0.05) between land use types. An overall evaluation indicated that regardless of climatic conditions, residual biomass of herbaceous plants in western Serengeti is determined by intensity of grazing, soil C:N ratio and concentrations of Ca and P in the soil. We conclude that agro-pastoral practices conducted in western Serengeti affected residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants and soil properties. We recommend that grazing pressure in communal grazing lands be reduced by either reducing number of grazing animals or duration of grazing in a particular grazing area, and specific studies be conducted to establish stocking rates appropriate for specific communal grazing lands in villages.
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KARGOPOULOS, A., V. DOTAS, I. NIKOLAKAKIS, and D. DOTAS. "Digestibility and nitrogen balance of pig diets containing gradually increasing levels of rapeseed meal." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16076.

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Rapeseed meal (RSM), a by-product of extracted rapeseed oil production, is a potential protein source for use in pig diets. To determine the best levels of RSM inclusion in diets of fattening pigs as well as the digestibility and energy value of diets containing gradually increasing levels of RSM, a digestibility trial was conducted. The trial was performed according to a 4x4 Latin square experimental design, with 4 Large White x Landrace castrated male pigs weighing on average 47.3kg. The animals were housed in metabolism cages during the whole period the duration of which was a total of 66 days. The experiment was divided into 5 periods, an adjustment period and 4 experimental periods, during which pigs consumed 4 experimental diets. The diet C (control) was a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal, while the other experimental diets included RSM at levels 90 (low- L), 180 (medium- M) and 270 (high- H) g.kg-1 of feed, respectively. Each experimental period consisted of 10 preliminary days during which the animals were adapted to the diets, followed by a 4 days period for collection of faeces, urine and feed refusal. The gradual increase in the level of RSM in the experimental diets resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibility of CP, but only for the diet with the highest level of RSM, compared to the control diet and this one with the lowest level of RSM . Any increase in the level of RSM in the experimental diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase on the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of CF and very significant (P<0.01) increase in diets M and H, compared to the control and diet L. Similar were the effects of RSM levels in the diets on the apparent digestibility coefficient of NDF, ADF and cellulose. As conclusion, the gradual increase in the level of RSM in the fattening pigs’ diets did not significantly affect ADC of DM and gross energy, caused a significant reduction in the ADC of CP, and a significant improvement in the ADC of CF as well.
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Pätzold, Matthias, Nurilla Avazov, and Van Duc Nguyen. "Design and Simulation of Measurement-Based Correlation Models for Shadow Fading." REV Journal on Electronics and Communications 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.21553/rev-jec.14.

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This paper deals with the design of measurement-based correlation models for shadow fading. Based on the correlation model, we design a simulation model using the sum-of-sinusoids (SOS) method to enable the simulation of spatial lognormal processes characterizing real-world shadow fading scenarios. The model parameters of the simulation model are computed by applying the Lp-norm method (LPNM). This method facilitates an excellent fitting of the simulation model’s autocorrelation function (ACF) to that of measured channels. Our study includes an evaluation of all important statistical quantities of the proposed measurement-based simulation model, such as the probability density function (PDF), spatial ACF, decorrelation and coherence distance, as well as the level-crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF). A comparison with the Gudmundson correlation model shows that the developed measurement-based correlation model outperforms the former one by far in terms of the goodness of fit to the measured data. The proposed measurement-based simulation model allows to study the effects of long-term fading on the performance of mobile communication systems under real-world shadow fading conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Average duration of fades (ADF)"

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Shang, Lei, and lei shang@ieee org. "Modelling of Mobile Fading Channels with Fading Mitigation Techniques." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061222.113303.

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This thesis aims to contribute to the developments of wireless communication systems. The work generally consists of three parts: the first part is a discussion on general digital communication systems, the second part focuses on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques, and in the third part we discuss the possible application of advanced digital signal processing, especially time-frequency representation and blind source separation, to wireless communication systems. The first part considers general digital communication systems which will be incorporated in later parts. Today's wireless communication system is a subbranch of a general digital communication system that employs various techniques of A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion, source coding, error correction, coding, modulation, and synchronization, signal detection in noise, channel estimation, and equalization. We study and develop the digital communication algorithms to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. In the Second Part we focus on wireless channel modelling and fading mitigation techniques. A modified Jakes' method is developed for Rayleigh fading channels. We investigate the level-crossing rate (LCR), the average duration of fades (ADF), the probability density function (PDF), the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the autocorrelation functions (ACF) of this model. The simulated results are verified against the analytical Clarke's channel model. We also construct frequency-selective geometrical-based hyperbolically distributed scatterers (GBHDS) for a macro-cell mobile environment with the proper statistical characteristics. The modified Clarke's model and the GBHDS model may be readily expanded to a MIMO channel model thus we study the MIMO fading channel, specifically we model the MIMO channel in the angular domain. A detailed analysis of Gauss-Markov approximation of the fading channel is also given. Two fading mitigation techniques are investigated: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and spatial diversity. In the Third Part, we devote ourselves to the exciting fields of Time-Frequency Analysis and Blind Source Separation and investigate the application of these powerful Digital Signal Processing (DSP) tools to improve the performance of wireless communication systems.
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Book chapters on the topic "Average duration of fades (ADF)"

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Karadimas, Petros. "Stochastic Modeling of Narrowband Fading Channels with Three Dimensional Diffuse Scattering." In Handbook of Research on Heterogeneous Next Generation Networking, 361–81. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-108-7.ch016.

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This chapter studies a composite stochastic model, in which the diffuse component arises from three dimensional (3-D) multipath scattering. That case occurs especially in dense scattering environments, in which the tall obstacles cause arrival of multipath power in the elevation plane, besides that arriving in the azimuth one. Also the multipath components are assumed to arrive at the mobile receiver in specific angular sectors at the azimuth receiver’s plane. The last is physically justified by multipath power blocking due to the channel obstacles (shadow fading), or/and lack of scattering objects at specific angular directions, or/and directional antennas utilization. An extended Suzuki model, where the Rician process for the diffuse scattering component is multiplied by a lognormal one, is considered as an appropriate composite model. The most important metrics of the model are presented, according to its assumptions. More specifically, from the closed form autocorrelation function, the Doppler power spectral density (PSD) of the diffuse component can be analytically derived. Afterwards exact solutions for the envelope and phase probability density functions (PDF’s) are presented. Exact solutions are also derived for the second order statistics, i.e. the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF’s). An efficient deterministic simulation scheme will be presented, which implements the analytical model on a digital computer. Finally a curve fitting of the LCR to real world data, drawn from channel measurements, will demonstrate the flexibility and usefulness of the extended Suzuki model.
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Conference papers on the topic "Average duration of fades (ADF)"

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LONG, ZHING, JUNYI YU, KUN YANG, RAN ZHU, and WEI CHEN. "Level Crossing Rate and Average Duration of Fades for TWDP Fading Channel." In Fourth International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Information Technology CCIT- 2016. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-092-7-44.

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Patzold, Matthias, Wiem Dahech, and Neji Youssef. "Level-crossing rate and average duration of fades of non-stationary multipath fading channels." In 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2017.8292439.

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Patzold, Matthias, Nazih Hajri, and Neji Youssef. "Analysis of the level-crossing rate and average duration of fades of WSSUS channels." In 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap.2017.7928073.

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Paetzold, Matthias, Matthias Patzold, and Carlos A. Gutierrez. "Level-Crossing Rate and Average Duration of Fades of the Envelope of a Sum-of-Cisoids." In 2008 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2008-Spring). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2008.113.

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Dahech, Wiem, Nazih Hajri, Neji Youssef, Matthias Patzold, and Tsutomu Kawabata. "Level-Crossing Rate and Average Duration of Fades in Non-Isotropic Hoyt Fading Channels with Applications to Selection Combining Diversity." In 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2015.7391005.

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Hogstad, Bjorn Olav, and Matthias Patzold. "Exact Closed-Form Expressions for the Distribution, Level-Crossing Rate, and Average Duration of Fades of the Capacity of MIMO Channels." In 2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2007.105.

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Talha, Batool, and Matthias Patzold. "Level-crossing rate and average duration of fades of the envelope of mobile-to-mobile fading channels in K-parallel dual-hop relay networks." In 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications & Signal Processing. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2009.5371574.

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Talha, Batool, and Matthias Patzold. "Level-Crossing Rate and Average Duration of Fades of the Envelope of Mobile-to-Mobile Fading Channels in Cooperative Networks Under Line-of-Sight Conditions." In IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2008.ecp.860.

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