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Journal articles on the topic 'Average daily gain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Nagy, I., J. Farkas, P. Gyovai, I. Radnai, and Z. Szendrő. "Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain in Pannon White rabbits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 8 (August 18, 2011): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2398-cjas.

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Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain (ADG) between 5 and 10 weeks of age was analysed for 47 242 Pannon White rabbits, reared in 7470 litters and born between 2000 and 2008. The dataset was divided into 5 successive 5-year periods: (1) 2000–2004, (2) 2001–2005, (3) 2002–2006, (4) 2003–2007, and (5) 2004–2008. Then, after selecting the appropriate part of the pedigree for these sub-datasets, genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated for ADG using REML and BLUP methods. In the applied models sex, year-month, animal and random litter effects were considered. Estimated heritabilities for all 5 periods from 1 to 5 were moderate and stable (0.28 ± 0.01, 0.28 ± 0.02, 0.29 ± 0.02, 0.27 ± 0.02, and 0.28 ± 0.02). Magnitudes of random litter effects were low and stable (0.14 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.16 ± 0.01, and 0.16 ± 0.01). After breeding value estimation the dataset of period 5 was merged pair-wise with the other periods 4, 3, 2 and 1 using an inner join. Thus only the common records of the datasets representing the periods 5-4, 5-3, 5-2, and 5-1 were included in the merged datasets. In these merged datasets each rabbit had two breeding values for ADG based on two different periods. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the breeding values based on the dataset of period 5 and the other periods. With the successive years the rank correlation coefficients decreased (0.989, 0.979, 0.965 and 0.924). The correlation coefficients between ranks remained moderately high, even when the proportion of the common rabbits in the merged datasets was low. However, a reasonable re-ranking occurred among the top animals. Rank correlations for the top 100 and 1000 animals varied from 0.41 to 0.55 and from 0.37 to 0.54, respectively, which could influence selection efficiency if the rolling base were used for genetic evaluation.

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2

Johansen, Markku, Lis Alban, Helle Dodensig Kjærsgård, and Poul Bækbo. "Factors associated with suckling piglet average daily gain." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 63, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.01.011.

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3

Mark, D. R., and Ted C. Schroeder. "Effects of weather on average daily gain and profitability." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1748.

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4

Gholizadeh, Mohsen, and Farhad Ghafouri-Kesbi. "Genetic analysis of average daily gain in Baluchi sheep." Meta Gene 13 (September 2017): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mgene.2017.05.009.

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5

Shivley, C. B., N. J. Urie, and J. E. Lombard. "1227 Factors associated with average daily gain in dairy heifer calves on U.S. dairy operations." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1227.

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6

Mallick, P. K., I. S. Chauhan, G. R. Gowane, P. Thirumurgan, G. Murali, and Arun Kumar. "Average daily gain and kleiber ratio in Bharat merino sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 25, no. 2 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2019.00049.7.

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7

Flohr, J. R., S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband. "Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain : feed ratio of finishing pigs." Animal 12, no. 5 (2018): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731117002440.

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8

Lee, Woongsup, Kang-Hwi Han, Hyeon Tae Kim, Heechul Choi, Younghwa Ham, and Tae-Won Ban. "Prediction of average daily gain of swine based on machine learning." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 36, no. 2 (March 16, 2019): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-169869.

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9

Green, T. C., J. G. Jago, K. A. Macdonald, and G. C. Waghorn. "Relationships between residual feed intake, average daily gain, and feeding behavior in growing dairy heifers." Journal of Dairy Science 96, no. 5 (May 2013): 3098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6087.

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10

Flohr, J. R., J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband. "015 Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_2 (April 1, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/msasas2016-015.

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11

Mezgebo, G. B., F. J. Monahan, M. McGee, E. G. O' Riordan, B. Picard, R. I. Richardson, and A. P. Moloney. "Compositional, organoleptic, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of muscle from bulls with different growth paths to a common carcass weight." Animal Production Science 58, no. 10 (2018): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16830.

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The proximate composition, organoleptic quality, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle from suckler bulls assigned to three target indoor winter (from 9 to 13 months of age approximately) growth rates (average daily gain of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 kg; n = 14/group) were investigated. The feeding regimes to achieve the target average daily gains were 2, 4 and 6 kg of concentrate respectively, plus grass silage ad libitum. The duration of the winter feeding period was 123 days, after which bulls were turned out to pasture and grazed for 99 days before re-housing and finishing on concentrates ad libitum plus grass silage until they reached a liveweight to yield a target carcass weight of 380 kg. The average daily gain during the grazing period was higher (P < 0.001) for the 0.6 than for the 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups, which did not differ. Proximate composition, collagen content, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre-type distribution of the longissimus thoracis muscle were similar (P > 0.05) between the 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups. Apart from tenderness, which was rated higher (P < 0.05) for the 0.6 group than for the 1.0 average daily-gain group, the sensory characteristics of the beef were not influenced by the different winter growth rates applied. Overall, restricting the growth rate during winter had little effect on subsequent beef appearance or eating quality.

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12

Rodríguez-Estévez, Vicente, Manuel Sánchez-Rodríguez, Antón R. García, and A. Gustavo Gómez-Castro. "Average daily weight gain of Iberian fattening pigs when grazing natural resources." Livestock Science 137, no. 1-3 (May 2011): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.11.015.

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13

Bangar, Y. C., V. S. Lawar, C. A. Nimbalkar, O. V. Shinde, and R. G. Nimase. "Heritability estimates for average daily gain and kleiber ratio in deccani sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 24, no. 1 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2018.00005.3.

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14

Goehring, Devin, Katherine A. McCormick, Julie Mahoney, and Rodney Hinson. "205 Dietary Strategies to Limit Average Daily Gain of Late Finishing Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.107.

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Abstract A total of 2,164 pigs [DNA610 x DNA241; initially 100.7 ± 2.14 kg body weight (BW)] were used in a 54.1 ± 3.85-day study to determine dietary strategies to limit average daily gain (ADG) in late finishing pigs raised in a commercial environment. Mixed-sex pens (20.0 ± 0.85 pigs/pen) balanced by initial BW and gender ratio were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments fed ad libitum with 27 replications each: (1) Nutritionally replete corn soybean-meal control (CTRL), (2) Treatment 1 with 21% reduced lysine and other amino acids (AAR), (3) Corn/vitamin/mineral diet (CVM), and (4) Treatment 3 fed for 21 days then switched to CTRL. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using a linear mixed model. Relative to CTRL, feeding AAR or CVM for 21 days reduced ADG (P < 0.001), average daily feed intake (ADFI; P = 0.005), and gain-to-feed (G:F, P < 0.001). Over 55-days, AAR and CVM diets reduced (P < 0.001) cumulative ADG, ADFI, G:F, and final BW compared to CTRL. Transitioning to CTRL diet from CVM diet after 21-days increased ADG (P < 0.001) and improved G:F (P < 0.001) from day 21 to marketing compared to 55-day CTRL, AAR, and CVM; nevertheless, the compensatory CTRL period was insufficient for the 21-day CVM fed pigs to fully compensate resulting in reduced cumulative BW, ADG (P < 0.001) and poorer G:F (P < 0.001) than the 55-day CTRL. All holding strategies decreased (P < 0.001) carcass yield, hot carcass weight (HCW), and loin depth compared to CTRL. Utilizing a CVM diet for 21 or 55 days increased (P < 0.001) backfat compared to CTRL or AAR. In summary, utilizing lysine deficient or corn/vitamin/mineral diets can limit ADG along with poorer G:F. Transitioning to a non-holding diet after feeding a corn/vitamin/mineral diet for 21-days resulted in compensatory gain, but reductions in growth performance and carcass traits remained evident.

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15

Kovár, Peter, Luboš Vozár, and Peter Hric. "Changes in growth-production parameters of Lolium perenne L. turf after application of concentrated polysulfide fertilizer." Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.03.155-160.

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The changes in growth rate, daily production of above-ground phytomass and lawn density of turfgrass after application of fertilizer based on polysulfide (Sulka NKS+) were evaluated in Nitra (the Slovak Republic) climatic conditions. The polysulfide preparation was applied 2-times, 4-times and 6-times during the vegetation period in 2015–2017 and the effect was compared with a zero control. Stimulatory effect of Sulka NKS+ was shown in the average daily gain of grass height and average daily gain of aboveground phytomass weight with the most visible expression in the 2nd and 3rd year of cultivation. For the thickening lawn index was found out inhibitory effect of polysulfide fertilizer. The average values of the first two characteristics (average daily gains of grass height and weight of above-ground phytomass) have also increased with the increasing number of Sulka NKS+applications.

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16

Aktar, S., AKFH Bhuiyan, NG Saha, and MA Hoque. "Effect of bull performance on progeny early growth and genetic relationships between bull and progeny traits." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 40, no. 1-2 (May 20, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10620.

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Records on four bulls and 96 of their progeny born from 2005 to 2011 with pedigree information were used to estimate the impact of bull performance on progeny early growth and the genetic relationships between traits of bull and their progeny. Traits included in this study were metabolic body weight, feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) for bull performance and birth weight and average daily gain for progeny performance. The variance and covariance components were estimated by the REML method with the VCE computer program. The metabolic body weight of breeding bulls ranged from 92.88±1.22 to 106.05±2.28 kg. The average daily feed intake of breeding bulls differed significantly (p<0.05). The RFI of breeding bulls were ranged from -0.57±0.07 to 0.54±0.06 kg/day. It has been found that the RFI values of two bulls were negative and the other two bulls were positive. The mean values for birth weight of calves produced from different breeding bulls ranged from 16.15±2.01 to 17.71±1.89 kg. Effects of breeding bulls on birth weight and average daily gain of male calves were highly significant (p<0.01). Mean values for birth weight and average daily gain of female calves were affected also significantly (p<0.05) among breeding bulls. Estimated heritability for birth weight was moderate (0.30) and for average daily gain was low (0.26). The genetic correlation between metabolic body weight of bulls and birth weight of their progeny was strong (rg=0.52), whereas feed intake of bulls with birth weight and average daily gain of their progeny were moderate (0.43±0.21 and 0.40±0.23, respectively). Low but favorable negative genetic correlation (rg=-0.10) was observed between RFI of bulls with average daily gain of their progeny. Estimated moderate heritability indicated that variation exist on average daily gain of calves. The negative genetic correlation between RFI of bulls and average daily gain of their progeny indicated that it was possible to improve simultaneously RFI of breeding bulls and daily gain of their progeny. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10620 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 1-7

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17

Хакимов, Ismagil Khakimov, Живалбаева, and Almagul Zhivalbaeva. "THE EFFECT OF THE HEIGHT AT THE RUMP ON A LIVE WEIGHT AND AVERAGE DAILY GAINS." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20339.

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The purpose of the study – improvement of breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle by insemination bulls form the canadian selection. It is established that in young Hereford beef cattle between live weight and height at the sacrum and between the height at the sacrum and average daily gains there are mainly medium and high positive correlation (from 0.35 to 0.73) . Regression analysis has shown that the change in height in the sacrum on 1 cm, causes the increase of live weight of animals from 1.55 kg in animals of different lines and produktivity gain of calves from 7.67 g to amounted to 23.87g. The highest coefficient of the time average correlation coefficient of between the height at sacrum and live weight setlen in the group of heifers, obtained a bull from the absolute 49S, and the highest co-factor regression between these two traits in heifers obtained from a bull of a Wide Load 391W. The same trend holds when comparing groups correlation coefficient and regression between the height at the sacrum and average daily gain. It is noted that calves of all groups are well adapted to local conditions, and have high gain.

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18

Lytvynenko, V. M., and N. I. Yukhymchuk N. I. "PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES - PERSPECTIVES OF RATIONAL FEEDING OF CALVES." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 125 (2021): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2021-125-114-121.

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To improve the adaptation of the pancreatic microflora to changes in the diets of calves and for the rational use of feed, in intensive cultivation, it is desirable to change the composition of feed probiotic supplements according to the age of the animals. Each age group of calves responds differently to live weight gain on probiotic feed additives. Feed supplement Immunobacterin-D containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis has a positive effect on natural resistance, increases the average daily gain and has a preventive effect on diseases of the digestive tract of calves. But for 2 months of continuous feeding can cause suppression of natural resistance of some animals. When baker's yeast is added to the feed additive (B. subtilis, B. licheniformis 1 × 1010 CFU / g, Sascharomyces cerevisiae 1 × 109 CFU / g), the dry form of the product makes it possible to feed it with compound feed. The use of immunobacterin-D with yeast in 3-month-old calves in experimental animals in the clinical examination for fatness and coat condition looked better. Calves of the experimental group during this period added in increments of 276 g in the previous month, the arithmetic mean of the average daily gain of live weight was 820 ± 180 g, and in the current 1096 ± 90 g, which indicates a positive effect of yeast (especially live) on the productivity of calves at this age. For studies on heifers in a farm with lower average daily gains in live weight, we received a smaller percentage increase in gains with the use of feed probiotic supplement Immunobacterin-D with baker's yeast. When adding to the feed additives at a dose of 40 g and 20 g to heifers 350–400 kg live weight of the animal had an average daily gain of live weight in the first group of 500 ± 17 g, in the second 440 ± 30 g, and in the control 414 ± 12 g, which is 20.8 and 6.3 % more than in the control group. The use of yeast in feed additives confirms the pattern of increasing the percentage of additional average daily gain. That is, with higher average daily gains, we get a higher percentage of additional growth from feeding a probiotic feed additive containing baker's yeast.

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19

Fontanesi, L., G. Schiavo, G. Galimberti, D. G. Calò, and V. Russo. "A genomewide association study for average daily gain in Italian Large White pigs1." Journal of Animal Science 92, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7059.

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20

Park, Byoungho, Taejeong Choi, Jae Gwan Choi, Yun Ho Choy, Kwang Hyun Cho, Seung Soo Lee, Sidong Kim, et al. "Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Average Daily Gain and Carcass Traits of Hanwoo." Journal of Animal Science and Technology 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/jast.2012.54.5.317.

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21

Hands, M. L., T. T. Marston, L. R. Corah, Christopher D. Reinhardt, and Justin W. Waggoner. "Relationships between feedlot health, average daily gain, and carcass traits of Angus steers." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1405.

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22

Chen, C. Y., S. D. Kachman, R. K. Johnson, S. Newman, and L. D. Van Vleck. "Estimation of genetic parameters for average daily gain using models with competition effects." Journal of Animal Science 86, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 2525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0660.

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23

Ogunade, Ibukun, Adeoye Oyebade, Bremansu Osa-Andrews, and Sunday Peters. "Plasma Carboxyl-Metabolome Is Associated with Average Daily Gain Divergence in Beef Steers." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010067.

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We applied an untargeted metabolomics technique to analyze the plasma carboxyl-metabolome of beef steers with divergent average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight newly weaned Angus crossbred beef steers were fed the same total mixed ration ad libitum for 42 days. On day 42, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest (LF: n = 8) and highest ADG (HF: n = 8), and blood samples were obtained from the two groups for plasma preparation. Relative quantification of carboxylic-acid-containing metabolites in the plasma samples was determined using a metabolomics technique based on chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Metabolites that differed (fold change (FC) ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and FDR ≤ 0.05) between LF and HF were identified using a volcano plot. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) of the differential metabolites was done to determine the metabolic pathways or enzymes that were potentially altered. In total, 328 metabolites were identified. Volcano plot analysis revealed 43 differentially abundant metabolites; several short chain fatty acids and ketone bodies had greater abundance in HF steers. Conversely, several long chain fatty acids were greater in LF steers. Five enzymatic pathways, such as fatty acyl CoA elongation and fatty-acid CoA ligase were altered based on MSEA. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent ADG had altered plasma carboxyl-metabolome, which is possibly caused by altered abundances and/or activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis in the liver.

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24

Dass, Gopal, Saket Bhusan, Vinay Chaturvedi, M. S. Dige, and P. K. Rout. "Factors affecting post-weaning average daily gain and kleiber ratio in Muzaffarnagari sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 25, no. 2 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2019.00052.7.

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25

Reinhardt, C. D., M. L. Hands, T. T. Marston, J. W. Waggoner, and L. R. Corah. "Relationships between feedlot health, average daily gain, and carcass traits of Angus steers1." Professional Animal Scientist 28, no. 1 (February 2012): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30311-9.

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26

St-Pierre, Normand, Kleber Tomás de Resende, and Antonello Cannas. "Prediction of intake and average daily gain by different feeding systems for goats." Small Ruminant Research 98, no. 1-3 (June 2011): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.03.024.

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27

Shahjahan, Md, Asma Khatun, Sumya Khatun, Md Mahbubul Hoque, Sohrab Hossain, Quazi M. Emdadul Huque, Tabith M. Awal, and Abdul Awal Mintoo. "Study on growth traits at weaning and yearling stages of indigenous and F1 crossbred buffalo in Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i4.35341.

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This study was planned to clarify the variation of body weight and average daily gain traits in both indigenous and F1 crossbreed (Local×Mediterranean) buffalo at weaning (sixth month) and yearling stages (twelfth month). Data were collected from 33 indigenous and 35 F1 crossbred buffalo progeny during the period of 2011 to 2014 with intensive management system at Research and Development farm of Lal Teer Livestock Limited in Bangladesh. The gathered data were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) and independent sample t test. The effect of parity, sex, season and breeding year on body weight and average daily gain were observed where significant values found in breeding period (p <0.01) of crossbred buffalo for body weight. It might be the reason of crossbreeding to indigenous buffalo cows using imported semen with better genetic merit. The parity (p <0.05), season (p <0.05) and breeding period (p <0.01) were also significant for average daily gain measurement which suggesting environmental adaptability beside additive genetic effects. Body weights were measured at weaning and yearling stages for both local (113 to 195 kg) and F1 crossbred (144 to 220 kg) buffalo progeny to screen the elite offspring for the Genetic Farm and Bull station. Similarly, average daily gain observed 469 to 457 g and 600 to 506 g at the previously mentioned two stages for both local and F1 buffalos, respectively. It was observed that studied traits were comparatively better in F1 buffalo progeny than indigenous. The comparison of average daily weight gains between indigenous and F1 buffalos at weaning and yearling periods showed significant differences for body weight (p <0.001) and average daily gain (p <0.05), respectively. It is concluded that genetic gain might be possible in local buffalo population by grading up process which could switch the traditional buffalo rearing to commercial level as well as meeting the nutritional demand of country people.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 499-503

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28

Ugwuowo, L. C., and N. H. Anyaokei. "Tolerance of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) to varying levels of table Salt." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.106.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the growth response of African giant land snail Archachatina marginata fed diets containing different levels of sodium chloride. One hundred and twenty snails were subjected to four dietary treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% sodium chloride respectively. The treatments were replicated thrice with 10 snails per replicate. The measured parameters included weight gain, feed intake, shell length, shell circumference and shell thickness. Feed cost, cost of feed per kg weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also calculated. Results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and shell thickness but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cost of feed per kg weight gain, shell length and shell circumference in the snails fed the treatment diets. Treatment 2 had the highest average daily weight gain (0.07±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.91±0.08) and feed cost (7.19±0.64) but the lowest feed conversion ratio (13.15±61.76) while treatment 1 had the lowest average daily weight gain (0.04±0.01), average daily feed intake (0.70±0.20) and feed cost (5.54±0.18) but the highest feed conversion ratio (15.86±0.5). This shows that inclusion of sodium chloride above 0.25% in the diet of Archachatina marginata affects both the feed intake and weight gain of the snails.

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29

Arias, Rodrigo, Cristobal Santa-Cruz, and Alejandro Velásquez. "Effect of High Potency Growth Implants on Average Daily Gain of Grass-Fattened Steers." Animals 9, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9090587.

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High potency growth promoter implants (HGPs) are widely used under feedlot conditions but there are few reports under grazing conditions. The study’s goal was to assess the effect of HGPs on the average daily gain of steers fattened in pastures. A total of 57 crossbreed steers (Hereford × Angus)—initial body weight = 356.65 kg ± 5.04 (SEM)—were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Control without HGP (n = 19), Synovex group (n = 17), and Revalor group (n = 21). The fattening period was 67 days using paddocks of Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L. Body weight was recorded three times in the period. The data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance with a level of significance of 5%. The average daily gain (ADG) (1.55 ± 0.07 and 1.48 ± 0.09 kg/d) and the total weight gain (103.4 ± 4.9 and 99.2 ± 5.8 kg) were similar for Revalor and Synovex, respectively (p > 0.05). Moreover, HGP groups showed higher ADG and total weight gain (p < 0.01) than the control group (ADG = 0.93 ± 0.08 kg/d and a total weight gain of 62.2 ± 5.2 kg). Final body weights were 527.8 ± 8.5 kg and 512.2 ± 9.9 kg for Revalor and Synovex, respectively; and 479.9 ± 10.1 kg for Control. In conclusion, grazing-finished steers showed better performance when high potency HGPs were used, improving the ADG and final live body weight, generating a marginal income that justifies the use of the technology under grazing conditions

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30

Nguyen, Nguyen Hong, Cam P. McPhee, Claire M. Wade, and Brian G. Luxford. "Genetic parameters and predicted response to selection for lean growth in an Australian commercial nucleus pig herd." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99127.

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Genetic parameters for performance traits in a pig population were estimated using a multi-trait derivative-free REML algorithm. The 2590 total data included 922 restrictively fed male and 1668 ad libitum fed female records. Estimates of heritability (standard error in parentheses) were 0.25 (0.03), 0.15 (0.03), and 0.30 (0.05) for lifetime daily gain, test daily gain, and P2-fat depth in males, respectively; and 0.27 (0.04) and 0.38 (0.05) for average daily gain and P2-fat depth in females, respectively. The genetic correlation between P2-fat depth and test daily gain in males was –0.17 (0.06) and between P2-fat and lifetime average daily gain in females 0.44 (0.09). Genetic correlations between sexes were 0.71 (0.11) for average daily gain and –0.30 (0.10) for P2-fat depth. Genetic response per standard deviation of selection on an index combining all traits was predicted at $AU120 per sow per year. Responses in daily gain and backfat were expected to be higher when using only male selection than when using only female selection. Selection for growth rate in males will improve growth rate and carcass leanness simultaneously.

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Nagy, I., P. Gyovai, I. Radnai, H. Nagyné Kiszlinger, J. Farkas, and Z. Szendrő. "Genetic parameters, genetic trends and inbreeding depression of growth and carcass traits in Pannon terminal line rabbits." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-018.

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Abstract. Genetic parameters, inbreeding depression and genetic trends were estimated for average daily gain between the ages of 5-10 weeks and thigh muscle volume (measured in vivo with computerized tomography) in a group of 22 098 Pannon terminal line rabbits born between 2006 and 2011 and reared in 3 396 litters. The data sets were analysed with bi-variate animal models taking pedigree completeness (complete generation equivalent) into account. By 2011, all rabbits were inbred and the average inbreeding coefficient and complete generation equivalent of the population were 7.69 % and 11.89 %, respectively. Estimated heritability was moderate both for average daily gain (0.23±0.02) and thigh muscle volume (0.25±0.03). Litter effects were low for both traits (0.16±0.00 and 0.09±0.01 respectively). The genetic correlation coefficient estimate between average daily gain and thigh muscle volume was also low (0.02±0.08). Significant inbreeding depression (per 10 % inbreeding) was only detected for average daily gain (0.57 g/d). The estimated annual selection response was substantial both for average daily gain and thigh muscle volume (1.49 g/d and 5.84 cm3, respectively), proving the efficiency of the breeding programme.

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Klimkovetskyi, А. А. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH RATES OF KYIV FACTORY TYPE UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED HEIFERS AND COWS LIFELONG PRODUCTIVITY." Animal Science and Food Technology 11, no. 4 (December 2020): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/animal2020.04.032.

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The studied of Kyiv factory type Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows productivity depending on heifers average daily gain. The studied of 1071 animals lifelong use data. Cattle was divide into 5 groups according to the values of average daily gains at the age of 0-3; 3-6; 6-12 and 12-15 months. Animals distributed on the standard deviation from average daily gain of the herd. In animals included in the groups studied the productivity of the first lactation and the period of productive use. It found that increase the heifer’s growth rate leads to decrease in the age of the first calving. The age of the first calving is most affect by the growth rate up to 3 months of age. Preservation of the first calving cows increases when the growth rate of heifers is slightly higher than the average herd. The highest survival of the first calving cows (93.8 %) obtained providing growing heifers aged 3-6 months with increments of 658-853 g. The highest milk yields during the first and highest lactation were obtain by growing heifers aged 6-12 months with an average daily gain over 710 g. Animals with the highest growth rate at other ages had a lactation graph with several peaks, which indicates their increased sensitivity to changes in conditions of use. The bath-shaped udder founded are more common in slow-growing animals from birth to 12 months. The increase in average daily gain led to an increase in the proportion of cows with rounded and cup-shaped udders. The not installed relationship between the average daily gain of heifers and the duration of the open data period and the period between calving. These traits are more relate to the milk production of cows than to the growth of heifers. The greatest duration of lifetime use, milk yield and number of calves during life were at the growth rate of heifers from birth to 12 months at the level of + 0.5σ… + 1.5σ to the average for the herd. A further increase in the growth rate during these periods led to a decrease in the duration of productive use by 0.4… 1.1 years and a lack of 0.4… 0.9 calving. Animals that at the age of 12-15 months had a growth rate at the level of the average herd with deviations within ± 0.5σ were marked by a long productive period. Studies prove the possibility of increasing the lifelong productivity of livestock by heifer’s selection at a growth rate from birth to 15 months.

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Haque, MM, MA Hoque, NG Saha, AKFH Bhuiyan, MM Hossain, and MA Hossain. "Selection of Brahman crossbred-breeding bulls based on phenotypic performance." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (March 9, 2013): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14101.

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A beef breed development project was carried out in the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) in 2009 in selected areas of Bangladesh. Under this project, semen of Brahman bulls were imported from the USA and used to inseminate indigenous cows to produce graded calves. The present study was undertaken to select graded Brahman bulls of the aforesaid project for breeding purpose. Using the data of Brahman grade-1 population, 4 (four) bulls were selected based on external appearance, phenotypic performance and libido. Records on 233 Brahman grade-1 calves (127 male and 106 female) were analyzed by SAS computer program. Birth weight, yearling weight and average daily gain were estimated by considering sex and area groups. The birth weight was found to be 22.25±5.60 Kg for male and 20.33±3.88 Kg for female calves (average 21.38±4.98 Kg). The yearling weight of male and female calves was found to be 222.07±73.21 and 191.76±69.04 Kg, respectively. Highest yearling weight and average daily gain were found in Charghat (401.11±39.75 kg and 1034.82±107.90 g, respectively) while lowest values were in Thakurgaon area (152.69±52.74 Kg 369.42±141.94 g, respectively). The average daily gain male and female calves were 547.42±193.7 and 470.34±184.52 g, respectively. Area and sex had highly significant (p<0.001) effects on birth weight, yearling weight and average daily gain of calves. The average daily gain of four selected graded Brahman bull calves was 731 g. The estimated selection differential and selection intensity for average daily gain of the four bulls were 183.53 g and 2.263, respectively. The growth performance along with estimated selection intensity and selection differential for average daily gain indicated that these selected graded Brahman breeding bulls may generate a good opportunity to improve indigenous cattle for beef purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14101Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 60-66

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Shivley, C. B., J. E. Lombard, N. J. Urie, C. A. Kopral, M. Santin, T. J. Earleywine, J. D. Olson, and F. B. Garry. "Preweaned heifer management on US dairy operations: Part VI. Factors associated with average daily gain in preweaned dairy heifer calves." Journal of Dairy Science 101, no. 10 (October 2018): 9245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14022.

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Francoz, D., S. Buczinski, A. M. Bélanger, G. Forté, O. Labrecque, D. Tremblay, V. Wellemans, and J. Dubuc. "Respiratory Pathogens in Québec Dairy Calves and Their Relationship with Clinical Status, Lung Consolidation, and Average Daily Gain." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 29, no. 1 (January 2015): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12531.

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Roberto, João Vinícius Barbosa, Bonifácio Benicio de Souza, Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de Oliveira , Jaime Miguel de Araujo Filho, Thaiz Lamy Alves Ribeiro, Rafael Pádua de Araújo, Thiago Lima da Silva Gomes, Caíque André Cavalcanti da Silva, José Lucas Santos Rodrigues, and Marcos Lemos Andrade Oliveira. "Productive performance of finishing lambs fed with faveleira fodder salt (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl)." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 2 (April 26, 2016): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p977.

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This study evaluated food intake and productive performance of crossbred (½ Santa Inês x ½ dorper) lambs supplemented with different levels of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) fodder salt. Thirty male sheep fed tifton grass hay, water, and faveleira fodder salt were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of diets with different inclusion levels of faveleira hay in the fodder salt composition: Treatment 1 (1% mineral salt + 99% faveleira hay), Treatment 2 (3% mineral salt + 97% faveleira hay), Treatment 3 (5% mineral salt + 95% faveleira hay), Treatment 4 (7% mineral salt + 93% faveleira hay), and Treatment 5 (Control - 100% mineral salt). Intake of dry matter, tifton hay and water, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were not affected by fodder salt supplementation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fodder salt intake between Treatments 4 and 5, and daily intake was higher in animals submitted to Treatment 4 (61.0 g day-1). Mineral salt intake increased significantly with increasing mineral salt levels in the diet. However, no significant difference was observed in average daily gain across treatments, indicating that faveleira hay, even in small quantities, and tifton hay were able to meet the nutritional requirements of animals to support a good average daily gain. The inclusion of up to 99% faveleira hay in fodder salt formulations did not affect voluntary intake of forage, water and dry matter, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with faveleira fodder salt had average daily gains within the optimal range for slaughter and high feed conversion and feed efficiency values. Faveleira was shown to be an effective supplementary feed alternative in sheep.

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FURUKAWA, Tsutomu, Mitsuhiro KUMAGAI, Masayoshi IWAKIRI, and Masahiro SATOH. "Genotype by Sex Interaction for Average Daily Gain and Back Fat Thickness in Pigs." Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi 49, no. 3 (2012): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5938/youton.49.133.

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Stege, H., T. B. Jensen, J. Bagger, F. Keller, J. P. Nielsen, and A. K. Ersbøll. "Association between lean meat percentage and average daily weight gain in Danish slaughter pigs." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 101, no. 1-2 (August 2011): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.12.003.

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Goetsch, A. L., G. E. Murphy, E. W. Grant, L. A. Forster, D. L. Galloway, C. P. West, and Z. B. Johnson. "Effects of animal and supplement characteristics on average daily gain of grazing beef cattle." Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 2 (1991): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1991.692433x.

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R, Woiwode, Grandin T, Kirch B, and Paterson J. "Effects of initial handling practices on behavior and average daily gain of fed steers." International Journal of Livestock Production 7, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2015.0277.

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Santana, M. H. A., Y. T. Utsunomiya, H. H. R. Neves, R. C. Gomes, J. F. Garcia, H. Fukumasu, S. L. Silva, et al. "Genome-wide association study for feedlot average daily gain in Nellore cattle (Bos indicus )." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 131, no. 3 (February 20, 2014): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12084.

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Nuraini, Astriana Napirah, Harapin Hafid, Firman Nasiu, Restu Libriani, Yamin Yaddi, Elfia, and S. H. Ananda. "Feed Consumption, Average Daily Gain and Feed Conversion of Broiler Chicken with Different Feed." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 465 (May 16, 2020): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/465/1/012047.

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Kornegay, E. T., D. R. Notter, H. S. Bartlett, and M. D. Lindemann. "Variance of body weights and daily weight gains of weaner pigs housed at various stocking densities in confinement." Animal Science 41, no. 3 (December 1985): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100036436.

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AbstractBody weight and gain data from eight studies conducted with weaner pigs to determine the relationship between stocking density and performance were used to evaluate the effect of various stocking densities on several factors which measure variation within pens. The initial weight of the pigs ranged from 5·7 to 8·3 kg and final weight ranged from 17·7 to 32·1 kg. There were 244 pens of pigs with floor space ranging from 0·11 to 0·28 m2 per pig. Average daily gain and body weight were depressed as stocking density increased. Natural logarithms of variance, coefficients of variation and ranges of average daily gains and body weights were not increased by stocking density. Body weights and daily gains appeared equally effective in measuring variance of weaner pigs housed at various densities. These results indicate that increasing stocking density within the range of densities tested does not cause a greater variation in body-weight gains.

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Foote, A. P., B. N. Keel, C. M. Zarek, and A. K. Lindholm-Perry. "Beef steers with average dry matter intake and divergent average daily gain have altered gene expression in the jejunum." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 4430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2017.1804.

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Ugnivenko, A. N., and U. I. Tokar. "Особливості жирової тканини і внутрішніх органів у бичків, що мають різну скороспілість росту." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, no. 4 (November 28, 2017): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_92.

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<p>Data on fat tissue distribution by various fat deposits as well as internal organs of the bulls of Ukrainian beef breed at 22,5 months of age with different growth rates have been presented in the article. Growth rate was estimated by average daily gain from 8 to 12 months of age. Depending on the growth rates, the bulls were divided into fast growing group (with average daily gains exceeding 1090 g, averaged 1207 g) and slow growing group (below 1090 g/day, averaged 1015 g). It has been proved that the lowest percentage from the total amount of fat was attributed to pericardial fat tissue and intramuscular fat tissue, the highest - to intestines, omentum and skin. Cattle with relatively higher daily gains had higher ability to accumulate raw fat by 4,5%, including pericardial fat – in 2 times, perinephric fat – by 4,5%, intestinal fat – by 10,6% and intramuscular fat – by 24%. Weight of animal organs and body parts, such as head, internal organs etc. can be considered as a factor that determine slaughter percentage. Cattle with higher rates of gain have the tendency to have higher fat output from the carcass by 5.8% and lower weight of head (by 9,6 %), lungs (by 12,5 %), and internal secretion glands, including testicles (by 8,9 %). For the effective beef production, the bulls with lower rates of gain from 8 to 12 months of age are better suited, because they are relatively taller, which indicates higher rate of metabolism, and lower predispose to fat accumulation.</p>

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Aina, A. B. J. "Effect of dietary salt levels on the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v29i1.1508.

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A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to estimate the effect of levels (0, 5, 10, and 15g/kg cassava peels, respectively) of common salt and cassava peels (dry and fresh using Gmelina arborea leaves as a basal diet on the average daily gain, dry matter intake, seed conversion efficiency and water consumption in West African Dwarf goats. Total dry matter intake and the average Gmelina arborea leaf intake increased with applied common salt, irrespective of cassava peel form. Increasing common salt level also increased average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency in both dry and fresh cassava peels, but this was not accompanied by a remarkable gain beyond 5g common salt. Moreover, the average cassava peel intake increased but not significantly (P>0.05) with salt level up to 10g beyond which there was a sharp decline and an insignificant gain with dry and fresh cassava peels, respectively. Goats fed dry cassava peels significantly (P<0.05) consumed more water as the salt level increased in the diet. It was concluded that application of 5g common salt per kg dry cassava peels promoted highest daily gain, optimum dry matter intake and feed conversion efficiency in West African Dwarf goal production. However, the response with fresh cassava peels revealed no statistically significant difference in average daily gain, total dry matter intake and feed conversion efficiency.

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Anous, M. R. "Selection indexes for improved weaning and marketing body weights of the Burundi local rabbits." Archives Animal Breeding 44, no. 5 (October 10, 2001): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-44-561-2001.

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Abstract. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth-related traits involving body weights at 4, 6 (weaning), 8 and 10 (marketing) weeks of age and average daily gains from 4- to 6- and 6- to 10-weeks of age (postweaning daily gain) were computed on 193 males of the Burundian local rabbits . Estimates were then used for constructing thirteen selection indexes, involved body weights at 4, 6 and 10 weeks of age and daily gains, to improve body weights of rabbits at weaning and marketing. The use of weaning weight in an index combined with body weight at 4 weeks of age (W4) and posuveaning average daily gain (index12) or postweaning daily gain solely (index2) resulted in a relative efficiency of about 100 % as using weaning weight combined with body weights at 4 and 10 weeks of age (index,) or with marketing body weight (index2) or W4 (index3). The accuracy of selection (rTI) using these indexes ranged between 0.890 and 0.906. They lead to a progress in weaning weight from 77–79 g and in marketing weight from 54–56 g. However, from a practical stand point, selection on index 3, including W4 and weaning weight, or on index 5, including weaning weight alone, could be recommended for improving both weaning and marketing weights of Burundian local rabbits.

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., ARNIM, TINDA AFRIANI, YURNALIS ., and DINO EKA PUTRA. "Short Communication: Association of GH, IGF1R, and PIT1 genes polymorphism with average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle." Nusantara Bioscience 10, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n100404.

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Arnim, Yurnalis, Afriani T, Putra DE. 2017. Short Communication: Association of GH, IGF1R, and PIT1 genes polymorphismwith average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 221-225. Growth hormone (GH) andinsuLin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R), and Pit1 gene has important effect on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in manyspecies. The objectives of the present study were to study the associations of the GH/AluI, GH/MboII, IGF1R/MspI and PIT1/HinfI withgrowth and body measurent such as body length (BL), chest girth (CG), height withers (HW) in Pesisir cattle. A total 175 Pesisir cattlewere used in this study. Weight gain, and body measurement were fitted using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the SASprogram. The resuLts showed significant associations between the CC genotype of the GH/MboII polymorphism and higher weight gainand height withers (p < 0.05). The GH/AluI polymorphism did not have any effect on the weight gain and body measurement. Allelefrequencies were found as A: 0.374 and B: 0.626 in GH/MboII polymorphism in GH gene. The effect of GH/AluI polymorphisms wasnot observed on average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle (P>0.05). The effect of IGF1R/MSpI polymorphism was notobserved on average daily gain but show significant association between AA and AB genotype and height withers (p < 0.005). ThePIT1/HinfI polymorphism was not associated with average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle. The resuLts demostratedthat the GH/MboII and GHR1/MspI polymorphisms couLd be used as a candidate gene for selection in Pesisir cattle.

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Toothaker, Juliette, and Jaymelynn Farney. "PSI-8 Evaluation of two burning dates and addition of spices on stocker cattle gains on tallgrass native range." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.396.

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Abstract Burning pastures in April has historically been a method to increase stocker gains for summer grazing in Kansas, yet is becoming an issue from smoke management. Finding alternative burning windows along with feed options that maintain a similar gain to April burns is important from producer’s perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate spices/essential oils and timing of pasture burning on growing steer gains. 281 steers (292 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned to one of 8 pasture of tallgrass native prairie in a completely randomized design model. The treatment structure was a 2 x 2 factorial where the first factor was pasture burning date at two levels (March and April) and the second factor was free-choice mineral type (control (CON) or spices (SPICE)). Spices include garlic oil and a 4-spice blend (Solus, Wildcat Feeds LLC, Topeka). Steers were weighed at the start and end of 90 d grazing period. Total gain, average daily gain, and final body weight were evaluated. There was no interaction between burning time and mineral type (P > 0.10) for average daily gain, total gain, nor final body weight. Steers on pastures burned in April had a 0.16 kg/d ADG advantage over burning in March which resulted in 14.3 kg more gain over 90 d (P < 0.0001). Steers on SPICE averaged 0.06 kg/d and gained 5 kg more (P = 0.02) than steers on CON mineral. Burning in April results in greater steer gains than March burning and feeding a mineral with spices increase gains, yet these two are not additive. Addition of SPICE mineral may be one method to allow producers to extend burning window and maintain cattle production.

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Chen, Yong, Yan Gao, Shuxin Yin, Shuai Zhang, Lu Wang, and Yongli Qu. "Effect of acidified milk feeding on the intake, average daily gain and fecal microbiological diversity of Holsten dairy calves." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0412.

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of feeding acidified milk on the growth and fecal microbial diversity of dairy calves.Methods: Twenty healthy 3-day-old female Holstein calves with similar body weights were selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed pasteurized milk (PM, Control), while the other was fed acidified milk (AM) <i>ad libitum</i> until weaned (day 60). The experiment lasted until day 180.Results: There was no difference in the nutritional components between PM and AM. The numbers of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and total bacteria in AM were lower than in PM. At 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 days of age, the milk intake of calves fed AM was higher than that of calves fed PM (p<0.05), and the solid feed intake of calves fed AM was higher than that of calves fed PM at 61 to 90 days (p<0.05). The average daily gain of calves fed AM was also higher than that of calves fed PM at 31 to 60, 61 to 180, and 7 to 180 days (p<0.05). The calves fed AM tended to have a lower diarrhea rate than those fed PM (p = 0.059). <i>Bacteroides</i> had the highest abundance in the feces of calves fed AM on day 50, while <i>Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005</i> had the highest abundance in the feces of calves fed AM on day 90 and calves fed PM on days 50 and 90. At the taxonomic level, the linear discriminant analysis scores of 27 microorganisms in the feces of calves fed AM and PM on days 50 and 90 were higher than 4.0.Conclusion: Feeding AM increased calf average daily gain and affected fecal bacterial diversity.

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