Academic literature on the topic 'Average daily gain'
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Journal articles on the topic "Average daily gain"
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Nagy, I., J. Farkas, P. Gyovai, I. Radnai, and Z. Szendrő. "Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain in Pannon White rabbits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, No. 8 (August 18, 2011): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2398-cjas.
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Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain (ADG) between 5 and 10 weeks of age was analysed for 47 242 Pannon White rabbits, reared in 7470 litters and born between 2000 and 2008. The dataset was divided into 5 successive 5-year periods: (1) 2000–2004, (2) 2001–2005, (3) 2002–2006, (4) 2003–2007, and (5) 2004–2008. Then, after selecting the appropriate part of the pedigree for these sub-datasets, genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated for ADG using REML and BLUP methods. In the applied models sex, year-month, animal and random litter effects were considered. Estimated heritabilities for all 5 periods from 1 to 5 were moderate and stable (0.28 ± 0.01, 0.28 ± 0.02, 0.29 ± 0.02, 0.27 ± 0.02, and 0.28 ± 0.02). Magnitudes of random litter effects were low and stable (0.14 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.16 ± 0.01, and 0.16 ± 0.01). After breeding value estimation the dataset of period 5 was merged pair-wise with the other periods 4, 3, 2 and 1 using an inner join. Thus only the common records of the datasets representing the periods 5-4, 5-3, 5-2, and 5-1 were included in the merged datasets. In these merged datasets each rabbit had two breeding values for ADG based on two different periods. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the breeding values based on the dataset of period 5 and the other periods. With the successive years the rank correlation coefficients decreased (0.989, 0.979, 0.965 and 0.924). The correlation coefficients between ranks remained moderately high, even when the proportion of the common rabbits in the merged datasets was low. However, a reasonable re-ranking occurred among the top animals. Rank correlations for the top 100 and 1000 animals varied from 0.41 to 0.55 and from 0.37 to 0.54, respectively, which could influence selection efficiency if the rolling base were used for genetic evaluation.
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Johansen, Markku, Lis Alban, Helle Dodensig Kjærsgård, and Poul Bækbo. "Factors associated with suckling piglet average daily gain." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 63, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.01.011.
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Mark, D. R., and Ted C. Schroeder. "Effects of weather on average daily gain and profitability." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.1748.
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Gholizadeh, Mohsen, and Farhad Ghafouri-Kesbi. "Genetic analysis of average daily gain in Baluchi sheep." Meta Gene 13 (September 2017): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mgene.2017.05.009.
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Shivley, C. B., N. J. Urie, and J. E. Lombard. "1227 Factors associated with average daily gain in dairy heifer calves on U.S. dairy operations." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1227.
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Mallick, P. K., I. S. Chauhan, G. R. Gowane, P. Thirumurgan, G. Murali, and Arun Kumar. "Average daily gain and kleiber ratio in Bharat merino sheep." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 25, no. 2 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2019.00049.7.
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Flohr, J. R., S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband. "Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain : feed ratio of finishing pigs." Animal 12, no. 5 (2018): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731117002440.
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Lee, Woongsup, Kang-Hwi Han, Hyeon Tae Kim, Heechul Choi, Younghwa Ham, and Tae-Won Ban. "Prediction of average daily gain of swine based on machine learning." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 36, no. 2 (March 16, 2019): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-169869.
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Green, T. C., J. G. Jago, K. A. Macdonald, and G. C. Waghorn. "Relationships between residual feed intake, average daily gain, and feeding behavior in growing dairy heifers." Journal of Dairy Science 96, no. 5 (May 2013): 3098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6087.
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Flohr, J. R., J. C. Woodworth, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband. "015 Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_2 (April 1, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/msasas2016-015.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Average daily gain"
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Ribeiro, Diogo Alexandre Carreira. "Efeito do rácio valina:lisina em regimes de baixa proteína no crescimento de suínos entre os 12-30 kg de peso vivo." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9231.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina VeterináriaThe effect of different digestive ileal standart of valine:lysine ratios on low crude protein content, on the zootecnic performances of 12 to 30 kg piglets was studied using 180 piglets, on a 4 week trial. Those 180 piglets were distributed on 5 different experimental diets, with 36 animals each and installed on a 3 piglets per cage. The diets were elaborated with a 15, 5% crude protein content with a digestive ileal standart of valine:lysine ratio of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80%, diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The average daily gain was higher on the piglets with a 70% ratio (diet 3), comparatively with diets 2, 4 and 5 (P=0, 0597). The final weight, average daily intake and feed convertion ratio were not significantly different a mong diets. These results show that the best digestive ileal standart ratio of valine:lysine is the 70% for piglests with live weight of 12 to 30 kg
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Pitcher, Lance R. "Beef average daily gain and enteric methane emissions on birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch and meadow brome pastures." Thesis, Utah State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1584437.
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This thesis project explored the use of perennial legumes, including the non-bloating birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L.) for beef production. In 2011 and 2012, cattle averaged approximately 300 kg at the beginning of the grazing season, and approximately 450 kg in 2013. Average daily gain on pastures ranged from a low of 0.63 kg d-1 on cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L.) in 2011 and 2013 to a high of 1.03 kg d-1 on Norcen BFT in 2013. Feedlot gains ranged from 1.14 to 1.57 kg d-1. Blood plasma fatty acids did not differ when feeding treatments were imposed, but at the end of each grazing season saturated and omega-6 fatty acids were elevated in feedlot-fed cattle compared with pasture-fed cattle, while trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) and omega-3 fatty acids were elevated in pasture-fed cattle. The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was always higher in feedlot-fed cattle at the end of the grazing season, but in 2013, when all cattle were nearing slaughter weight, the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was 50% higher for feedlot-fed than for BFT-fed cattle and double that of grass-fed cattle. Digestive (enteric) methane (CH4) production of beef cows was lower when cattle grazed BFT and CMV pastures (167 and 159 g CH4 per cow per d, respectively) compared to cows on meadow bromegrass (MB; Bromus riparus Rehmann) (355 g CH4 per cow per d). Meadow bromegrass has more fiber than legume forages, which will increase the proportion of acetate to propionate created by microbial digestion in the rumen, increasing the production and release of CH4. Perennial legume forages fix nitrogen, eliminating the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and tannin-containing legumes can be grazed without risk of bloat. These forages will play an important role in developing more environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production systems.
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Retallick, Kelli June. "Genetic variance and covariance compenents for feed intake, average daily gain, and postweaning gain and indices to improve feed efficiency in growing beef cattle." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19049.
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Master of ScienceAnimal Sciences and Industry
Jennifer M. Bormann
Feed is the single most expensive cost related to beef cattle production. Currently a 70 d performance test is recommended for accurate calculation of efficiency. Previous research has suggested intake tests can be limited to 35 d. Objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for growth and intake traits, compare two alternative indices for feed efficiency, and quantify the genetic response to selection for feed efficiency combining an intake test with two types of gain data. On–test average daily feed intake (ADFI), on-test average daily gain (ADG), and postweaning gain (PWG) records on 5,606 growing steers and heifers were obtained from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center in Clay Center, NE. On-test ADFI and ADG data were collected from a minimum of 62 to 148 d testing days. Independent quadratic regressions were fitted for body weight on time, and on-test ADG was predicted from the resulting equations. PWG was calculated by subtracting adjusted 205-d weights from 365-d weights and dividing by 160. Genetic correlations were estimated using multiple trait animal mixed models with ADG, ADFI, and PWG for both sexes as dependent variables. The genetic correlations between ADG and PWG for both steers (0.81) and heifers (0.65) were strong. This indicates PWG is a strong proxy for ADG on-test and long test periods may not be necessary. Indices combining EBVs for ADFI and ADG and for ADFI and PWG were evaluated. For each index, the weighting of gain was arbitrarily set to 1.0 and the weighting for ADFI was the negative of the average of the intra-contemporary group ratio of mean gain divided by mean ADFI. Values were combined with EBV to compute two index values per animal. Pearson correlations for steers (0.96) and heifers (0.45) indicated a strong relationship for steers between the indices. Because more animals can be measured for intake, using PWG increases genetic progress of selection for feed efficiency by 15-17% per year. These findings support using PWG data in combination with ADFI to determine efficient animals, lessen costs, and increase annual feed efficiency genetic change.
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Somavilla, Adriana Luiza. "Prediction of genomic-enabled breeding values and genome-wide association study for feedlot average daily weight gain in Nelore cattle /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128158.
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Orientador: Danísio Prado MunariCoorientador: Luciana Correia de Almeida Regitano
Coorientador: Fabiana Barichello Mokry
Banca: Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
Banca: Rogério Abdallah Curi
Banca: Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa da Silva
Banca: Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza
Resumo: A seleção para taxa de crescimento utilizando o número de dias para atingir determinado peso ou ganho de peso médio resultaria em menores ciclos de produção. Manter o aumento da produtividade exige, entre outros fatores, a utilização de animais melhorados, tanto nos sistemas de pastagem quanto de confinamento. Além disso, as informações genômicas podem ser usadas para predizer os valores genéticos genômicos (GEBVs) mais cedo na vida dos animais, o que reduziria os intervalos de geração e aumentaria os ganhos de produtividade. Inúmeros trabalhos tem sido conduzidos para identificar metodologias apropriadas à determinadas raças e características, o que irá resultar em GEBVs mais acurados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar a acurácia de predição dos GEBVs e a habilidade de identificar regiões genômicas e genes relacionados ao ganho de peso médio diário em bovinos da raça Nelore, pela aplicação de diferentes modelos de regressão e densidades genotípicas. Informações genômica e fenotípica de 804 novilhos nascidos em três safras, filhos de 34 touros, foram utilizadas para predizer GEBVs por meio de três modelos (Bayesian GBLUP, BayesA e BayesC ), quatro densidades genotípicas (Illumina BovineHD BeadChip, TagSNPs, GeneSeek indicus de alta (HDi) e baixa (LDi) densidades) e dois fenótipos ajustados. A estrutura de família foi considerada por meio da análise de componentes principais. Os animais foram distribuídos em subconjunto de treinamento (safras 1 e 2) ou validação (safra 3) para realização da análise de validação cruzada. Estimativas de correlação de Pearson, coeficientes de regressão e erro quadrado médio foram usados para avaliar acurácia, inflação e viés dos GEBVs estimados, respectivamente. O estudo de associação ampla do genoma (GWAS) também foi realizado nos mesmos conjuntos de dados, entretanto, os resultados foram comparados com...
Abstract: Selection for fast growth rates using number of days to achieve specific weights or average weight gain would result in shorter production periods. Maintaining the rate of productivity increasing will demand, among other factors, genetically improved animals in both pasture and feedlot systems. Besides, genomic information could be used to predict genomic-enabled breeding values (GEBVs) earlier in animals' life, which would reduce generation intervals and increase productivity gains. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to identify appropriate methodologies to specific breeds and traits, which will result in more accurate GEBVs. The aim of this study was to compare the prediction accuracy of GEBVs and the ability to identify genomic regions and genes related to average weight daily gain in Nelore cattle, by applying different regression models and genotypes densities datasets. Genomic and phenotypic information of 804 steers born in three season, offspring of 34 bulls, were used to predict GEBVs through three models (Bayesian GBLUP, BayesA and BayesC ), four genotypic densities (Illumina BovineHD BeadChip, TagSNPs, GeneSeek Genomic Profiler High (HDi) and Low (LDi) density indicus) and two adjusted phenotypes. Family structure was accounted by using principal component analysis. Animals were assigned either to training (seasons 1 and 2) or testing (season 3) subsets to perform the cross-validation analysis. Estimates of Pearson correlation, regression coefficients and mean squared errors were used to access accuracy, inflation and bias of the estimated GEBVs, respectively. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was also performed on above datasets, however, results were compared based on ...
Doutor
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Somavilla, Adriana Luiza [UNESP]. "Prediction of genomic-enabled breeding values and genome-wide association study for feedlot average daily weight gain in Nelore cattle." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/128158.
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000848601.pdf: 1152843 bytes, checksum: 5736b950765e0d17f2ceda1c91a45237 (MD5)A seleção para taxa de crescimento utilizando o número de dias para atingir determinado peso ou ganho de peso médio resultaria em menores ciclos de produção. Manter o aumento da produtividade exige, entre outros fatores, a utilização de animais melhorados, tanto nos sistemas de pastagem quanto de confinamento. Além disso, as informações genômicas podem ser usadas para predizer os valores genéticos genômicos (GEBVs) mais cedo na vida dos animais, o que reduziria os intervalos de geração e aumentaria os ganhos de produtividade. Inúmeros trabalhos tem sido conduzidos para identificar metodologias apropriadas à determinadas raças e características, o que irá resultar em GEBVs mais acurados. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar a acurácia de predição dos GEBVs e a habilidade de identificar regiões genômicas e genes relacionados ao ganho de peso médio diário em bovinos da raça Nelore, pela aplicação de diferentes modelos de regressão e densidades genotípicas. Informações genômica e fenotípica de 804 novilhos nascidos em três safras, filhos de 34 touros, foram utilizadas para predizer GEBVs por meio de três modelos (Bayesian GBLUP, BayesA e BayesC ), quatro densidades genotípicas (Illumina BovineHD BeadChip, TagSNPs, GeneSeek indicus de alta (HDi) e baixa (LDi) densidades) e dois fenótipos ajustados. A estrutura de família foi considerada por meio da análise de componentes principais. Os animais foram distribuídos em subconjunto de treinamento (safras 1 e 2) ou validação (safra 3) para realização da análise de validação cruzada. Estimativas de correlação de Pearson, coeficientes de regressão e erro quadrado médio foram usados para avaliar acurácia, inflação e viés dos GEBVs estimados, respectivamente. O estudo de associação ampla do genoma (GWAS) também foi realizado nos mesmos conjuntos de dados, entretanto, os resultados foram comparados com...
Selection for fast growth rates using number of days to achieve specific weights or average weight gain would result in shorter production periods. Maintaining the rate of productivity increasing will demand, among other factors, genetically improved animals in both pasture and feedlot systems. Besides, genomic information could be used to predict genomic-enabled breeding values (GEBVs) earlier in animals' life, which would reduce generation intervals and increase productivity gains. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to identify appropriate methodologies to specific breeds and traits, which will result in more accurate GEBVs. The aim of this study was to compare the prediction accuracy of GEBVs and the ability to identify genomic regions and genes related to average weight daily gain in Nelore cattle, by applying different regression models and genotypes densities datasets. Genomic and phenotypic information of 804 steers born in three season, offspring of 34 bulls, were used to predict GEBVs through three models (Bayesian GBLUP, BayesA and BayesC ), four genotypic densities (Illumina BovineHD BeadChip, TagSNPs, GeneSeek Genomic Profiler High (HDi) and Low (LDi) density indicus) and two adjusted phenotypes. Family structure was accounted by using principal component analysis. Animals were assigned either to training (seasons 1 and 2) or testing (season 3) subsets to perform the cross-validation analysis. Estimates of Pearson correlation, regression coefficients and mean squared errors were used to access accuracy, inflation and bias of the estimated GEBVs, respectively. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was also performed on above datasets, however, results were compared based on ...
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Jochims, Felipe. "Métodos de pastoreio e ofertas de forragem para otimização da utilização de pastagem natural com ovinos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60485.
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Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes maneiras de manejar o campo nativo durante o período hibernal para alimentar ovelhas no inicio de gestação e determinar a melhor metodologia para tal fim, por meio das características produtivas e comportamentais dos animais assim como modificação na estrutura e qualidade da pastagem. Para tal, foram testados, com delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e três repetições, dois métodos de pastoreio (contínuo (LC) e rotativo (LR)) e dois níveis de oferta de forragem (12 e 18% OF). As variáveis utilizadas para descrever as características produtivas dos animais foram: ganho médio diário das ovelhas e cordeiros, escore de condição corporal das ovelhas e o ganho de peso, em unidade de área, das ovelhas, cordeiros e o ganho total por área. Além destes, foram avaliados parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo, que são o tempo diurno de pastejo, ruminação e outras atividades, número, tamanho e intervalo de refeições, número, tempo e número de passos entre estações alimentares e taxa de bocados. As variáveis medidas no pasto foram: massa de forragem, taxa de acumulo, altura, massa de folhas verdes, colmos, leguminosas e “outras espécies”, e as características bromatológicas (proteína bruta, FDN, etc.) do pasto ao longo do tempo de duração do experimento. Os resultados apontaram que as OF, apesar de provocar modificações significativas na massa de forragem e altura do pasto, teve pouca influencia nos parâmetros de comportamento animal em pastejo e pouca influencia no desempenho produtivo dos animais, provavelmente devido ao baixo contraste que as ofertas de forragem intermediárias proporcionaram durante o inverno. Os métodos de utilização da pastagem também não apresentaram influência marcante sobre o desempenho produtivo das ovelhas, mas modificou drasticamente o comportamento ingestivo dos animais. Os animais manejados em LR apresentaram menores tempos de pastejo do que os animais mantidos em LC, e esse tempo variou também entre os dias de avaliação. A interação dos dois fatores não teve influência no peso dos cordeiros ao nascer, porém, influenciaram as características estruturais e bromatológicas do pasto. Onde no manejo no inverno foi constituído pelo método contínuo e 12% de OF, a pastagem apresentou uma menor quantidade de outras espécies e presença predominante de espécies de melhor qualidade, ficando mais “limpa” e melhor qualidade nutricional na primavera. Essa melhor qualidade nutricional, por sua vez, apesar de não modificar significativamente os ganhos individuais de ovelhas e cordeiros, modificou a quantidade de peso vivo produzido em unidade de área.The main objective was to evaluate strategies to manage the grassland during the winter season to feed ewes at the early pregnancy and determine the best method for this purpose, through the animal production characteristics, their ingestive behavior as well as modification of the structure and quality of the pasture. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four treatments and three replicates, two grazing methods (continuous (CS) and rotational (RS)) and two levels of herbage allowance (HA; 12 - and 18% LW). The variables used to describe the animals performance were: average daily gain of sheep and lambs, ewes body condition score and weight gain in unit area of the sheep, lambs and total gain per area. It was also assessed parameters of ingestive behavior as the diurnal grazing time, ruminating and other activities, number , size and range of meals, number, time and step number between feeding stations and biting rate. The variables measured in the pasture was: herbage mass, accumulation rate, height, mass of green leaves, stems, legumes and 'other species' and nutritive characteristics values (crude protein, NDF, etc.) of the pasture over all time of duration of the experiment. The results showed that the HA, although cause some significant changes in herbage mass and sward height, had little influence on animal behavior parameters and little influence on the productive performance of animals, probably due to the low contrast that intermediate herbage allowance provided. The grazing methods also had no significant influence on the performance of the sheep, but dramatically changed the ewes grazing behavior. The smaller area in the RS promoted a shorter grazing time than the time observed on a CS, and the grazing time on RS also varied during the days. The interaction of the two factors did not influence the weight of lambs at birth, however, influence the structural and chemical characteristics of the pasture. Where the management in winter was constituted by CS and 12% HA, the pasture had a lower amount of other species, being “cleaner” and, also presents a better nutritional quality in the subsequent spring. This improved nutritional quality, in turn, while not significantly modify the ewes and lambs individual gains, changed the amount of weight produced on unit of area, been more productive than other combinations.
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Guma, José Mauro Costa Rodrigues. "Produção animal em pastagem nativa diferida e adubada com nitrogênio, no outono-inverno." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/21626.
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O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul durante a estação de outonoinverno, com o objetivo de avaliar os parâmetros produtivos de uma pastagem natural fertilizada com diferentes níveis de N e submetida a diferimento e a sua influência sobre a produção animal. A fertilidade do solo foi corrigida 7 anos antes deste experimento (1996) com calcário e adubação de P e K. A área experimental foi roçada e diferida em 15/01/2003, quando foram aplicados os três níveis de nitrogênio (zero, 50 e 100 kg N/ha/ano). O período experimental ocorreu de 15 de abril (entrada dos animais) a 1º de setembro (final do inverno). Foram utilizados novilhos de sobre-ano (18 meses) em lotação contínua com carga variável de forma a manter uma oferta média de forragem de 10 kg de MS/100 kg PV/dia. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas no tempo sendo o tempo considerado na parcela principal e o N na subparcela. A pastagem nativa fertilizada quando diferida no verão por um período de 90 dias permite manter altas cargas animais durante o outono e inverno e em níveis crescentes conforme a adubação nitrogenada (958, 1072 e 1443 kg PV/ha, para zero, 50 e 100 kg N/ha respectivamente). Este efeito é devido fundamentalmente às taxas de crescimento observadas durante o período de diferimento. A performance animal somente é adequada durante o primeiro mês de utilização do pasto, ocorrendo perdas de peso a partir de meados de maio. Os níveis de nitrogênio utilizados não contribuem para atenuar estas perdas. Ainda assim é possível chegar ao final do inverno com o mesmo peso individual inicial dos animais. O diferimento de áreas de pastagem natural adubada revela-se uma estratégia interessante dentro de sistemas de produção animal a pasto, desde que integrado num planejamento forrageiro global da propriedade.The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Experimental Station of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, at Eldorado do Sul district, during the autumn-winter seasons of 2003, aiming the evaluation of the parameters of natural pasture and animal production at different levels of nitrogen fertilization and submitted to deferment. Soil fertility was amended seven years before this trial (1996) with limestone and P and K fertilizers. Experimental area was mowed and deferred in 15/01/2003, when three levels of nitrogen fertilization (zero, 50, 100 kg N/ha) were applied. Evaluation period extended from April 15th (beginning of grazing period) to September 1st (final of winter), using eighteen months steers in continuous grazing an variable stocking in order to maintain average dry matter (DM) allowance of 10 kg DM/100 kg LW/day. A randomized complete block design with two replications was utilized, with time considered as main plot and N as sub-plot. Deferring fertilized native pasture at mid summer by 90 days make possible to maintain high stocking rates during the critical autumn-winter period dependent on nitrogen level (958, 1072 e 1443 kg LW/ha, for zero, 50 e 100 kg N/ha respectively). This differential effect is due to the forage growth rate verified during rest period. Animal performance was adequate only during the first month of pasture utilization and losses occur after mid may. The utilized N levels do not contribute to avoid these losses. Instead the observed weight losses, it is possible to keep the animals with the same initial weight of the beginning of autumn by the final of the winter. Deferring areas of natural pasture is a useful strategy inside animal production systems, if integrated on a global feed budget.
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Merlin, Aurélie. "Optimisation de l’usage des antiparasitaires chez la génisse d’élevage en vue de prévenir le risque d’émergence de populations de strongles digestifs résistants : développement d’une stratégie durable de traitement sélectif." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ONIR093F/document.
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Les traitements anthelminthiques (AH) visant à maîtriser l’impact des strongles gastro-intestinaux (SGI) sur la croissance des jeunes bovins doivent être rationnalisés afin de préserver durablement leur efficacité. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de développer et d’évaluer des stratégies de traitement ciblé sélectif (TCS) basées sur la croissance chez les génisses laitières de première saison de pâturage afin de préserver des populations refuges de SGI, non exposées aux AH, et ainsi de retarder l’apparition de résistance. La relation croissance/parasitisme en fin de saison a tout d’abord été étudiée dans des environnements variés ce qui a permis d’appréhender des lots plus infestés et, à l’intérieur de ces lots, des individus plus fortement infestés. Un arbre de décision de traitement de rentrée a été ensuite proposé en combinant des indicateurs de conduite au pâturage pour identifier les groupes à risque et plusieurs seuils de GMQ pour identifier les animaux souffrant le plus du parasitisme. Une stratégie de TCS basée sur le GMQ moyen réalisé à mi- saison a été évaluée sur le terrain par comparaison avec un traitement collectif. Aucune différence significative, en termes de croissance et de parasitisme, n’a été observée à la rentrée entre le groupe TCS et le groupe traité collectivement. Enfin, les attitudes et les perceptions des vétérinaires vis-à-vis du contrôle des parasitoses digestives en élevage bovin laitier et notamment d’une gestion plus raisonnée des anthelminthiques, ont été évaluées. Les vétérinaires reconnaissent la nécessité d’appréhender les traitements AH de manière raisonnée mais identifient de nombreux freins relatifs au développement du conseil et à la disponibilité d’outils simples, fiables et peu couteux. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent qu’il est possible de cibler l’utilisation des AH chez les génisses laitières de première saison de pâturage en se basant sur des indicateurs individuels et de groupe simples d’emploiIn first grazing season calves (FGSC), the anthelmintic (AH) treatments used to control the negative impact of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) on growth must be rationalized to preserve their long-term efficacy. The aim of this PhD thesis was to develop and assess targeted selective treatment (TST) strategies based on growth in FGSC, in order to preserve GIN populations in refugia i.e. not exposed to AH, and thus delay the emergence of AH resistance. Firstly, the relation growth/GIN infection at housing was demonstrated in different environments which allowed identifying groups, and within groups, the most infected animals. Then, a tree treatment decision at housing was proposed combing grazing management indicators to identify the groups at risk, and several average daily weight gain (ADWG) thresholds to identify, within groups, the animals suffering the most of infection. A TST strategy based on mid- season mean ADWG was assessed in field survey in comparison with whole group treatment (WGT). No significant difference, in terms of growth and GIN infection, was observed at housing between the TST and the WGT groups. Lastly, the veterinarians’ behaviors and perceptions about the control of GIN in dairy cattle farming, including a more rational AH management, were assessed. The veterinarians recognize the need to consider the sustainability of the AH treatment but identify serval obstacles as the development of advices and the availability of simple, reliable and cheap tools.The results of this thesis show that it is possible to target the use of AH in FGSC basing on individual and group indicators
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Roxo, Alexandre Manuel Delgado. "Efeito do rácio triptofano:lisina em regimes de baixa proteína no crescimento de suínos entre os 20-40 kg de peso vivo." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8211.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina VeterináriaThe effect of different standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios, in diets with low crude protein on the zootechnical performances of pigs between 20 and 40 kg, was studied using 120 pigs in a five week trial. The 120 pigs were allotted to four experimental diets, 30 animals per diet and placed in cages in groups of 3 pigs per cage. Diet 1 was the control diet, with a level of 16,5% crude protein and standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio of 20,7%; diets 2, 3 and 4 were diets with a low crude protein level (14,5%) and the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios were 17,4%, 20,5% and 23,5%, respectively. The average daily feed intake and the average daily gain decreased in pigs fed diet 2 compared to pigs fed diet 1 (P=0,0432; P=0,0187, respectively). The average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different between diets 1 and 3 and between diets 3 and 4. These results suggest that it is possible to reduce the level of crude protein in two percentage points, as long as balance is maintained in the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio at 20,5%
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Perez, Henrique Leal. "Desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de ovinos lanados /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96544.
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Resumo: A demanda por produtos de origem animal, tem aumentado, paralelamente a este crescimento, observam-se esforços para promover melhorias na produtividade de carne dos rebanhos ovinos. Com o objetivo de estudar o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de cruzas de ovinos lanados, foram utilizados os dados da escrituração zootécnica do rebanho, pertencente ao Setor de Ovinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP. Os dados da escrituração foram oriundos de 312 ovelhas, sendo 129 da raça Ideal, 44 1/2 Ile de France 1/2 Ideal, 98 3/4 Ile de France 1/4 Ideal e 41 7/8 Ile de France 1/8 Ideal, submetidas ao cruzamento absorvente para a raça Ile de France. As ovelhas foram mantidas em sistema de criação semi-extensivo, levadas ao pasto pela manhã e recolhidas ao aprisco no final da tarde. A estação de monta aconteceu nos meses de novembro a janeiro. Após o nascimento, as crias eram pesadas e marcadas com número de identificação e as informações registradas em fichas individuais, que posteriormente foram transcritas para planilhas do Microsoft ExcelÒ. As análises das características produtivas: peso ao nascer (PN), peso ao desmame (PD), peso aos 180 dias (P180), ganho médio diário (GMD) e tempo para o animal atingir 32 kg de peso corporal (D32), foram realizadas no SAS, (1996) baseadas no método dos quadrados mínimos, utlizando o procedimento GLM e o teste Tukey para comparação das médias. Para as curvas de crescimento foi utilizado o modelo não-linear Von Bertalanffy, sendo o ajuste realizado pelo procedimento NLIN, utilizandose o método de DUD. Para as características reprodutivas foram utilizados o procedimento GLM e o teste Tukey, basedo no método dos quadrados mínimos para idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) e o teste de qui-quadrado para fertilidade, taxa de desmame, e prolificidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The demand for products originated from animals, mainly meat, has been increasing and it is clear that efforts are being made to improve the productivity in ovine cattle. Aiming to study productive and reproductive performance of crossbred sheep, data from the sheep recording of the ovine cattle from Paulista State University, FCAV/Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil were used. The record data came from 312 sheep (129 of Polwarth breed, 44 1/2 Ile de France 1/2 Polwarth, 98 3/4 Ile de France 1/4 Polwarth e 41 7/8 Ile de France 1/8 Polwarth) submitted to absorber crossbreeding for Ile de France. The sheep were kept in semi-extensive raising system; they were taken to the field in the morning and returned to the shelter late in the afternoon. The breeding season happened from November until January. After birth, the sheep were weighted and marked with the identification number and the information registered in individual forms that were later transcripted to Microsoft ExcelÒ. Productive characteristic analysis: body weight at birth (BWB), body weight at weaning (BWW), body weight with 180 days (BW180), daily weight gain average (DWGA) and necessary period for animals to get 32 kg of body weight (BW32) were carried out at SAS statistical analysis (1996), based on the Chi-square method, using the GLM procedure and the Tukey test for average comparisons. The non linear model of Van Bertalanffy was used to analyse growth pattern and the adjustment was accomplished by the NLIN procedure using the DUD method. It was used the GLM procedure for the reproductive characteristics, the Tukey test to analyse age at the first birth (AFB) and the Chi-square test to analyse fertility, weaning rate and prolificacy. None significant alterations were observed for the following productive characteristics, BWB, BWW, and BW32 (p>0.05), with composition genetic averages... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Average daily gain"
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Brêtas, Anilce de Araújo. Balanço eletrolítico estratégico na ração de suínos criados em clima quente. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-318-3.
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The effect of Dietary Electrolyte Balance (EB) in rations for growing and finished swine under high temperatures ambient was evaluated. Two hundred male castrated pigs with initial average 25,3±1.3 kg were allotted in completely randomized experimental design with five treatments T1 diet without supplemented electrolyte 191 mEq/kg; T2 (supl B) diet supplementd with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 250 mEq/kg; T3 (supl B+C) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) 250 mEq/kg; T4 (supl B) diet supplemented with (NaHCO3) 300 mEq/kg; T5 (supl B+C) diet supplemented (NaHCO3) and (KCl) 300 mEq/kg and four replication and 10 pigs per experimental unit. The average weight of the animals was 68,8±3,4 kg. The performance parameters evaluated were the feed intake (FI), the daily gain (DG), finished weight (FW), nitrogen intake (NI), lysine intake (LI), efficiency of N utilization for weight gain (ENUWG), efficiency of L utilization for weight gain (ELUWG) and the gain:feed ration and physiologic parameters to respiratory frequency (RF) and rectal temperature (RT). Blood was colleted to measure serum concentration of Na, Cl and K. The average temperature was 29,65±1,80ºC with (RU) of 69,6±10,4%. The levels of EB decreased (P<0,05) the (FI) and improved (NI). The others performance parameters evaluated weren’t influenced by treatments (P>0,05). In the termination phase the supplementation with sodium bicarbonate and or potassium chloride with 250 or 300 mEq/kg can be used to correct electrolyte balance under heat stress.
Book chapters on the topic "Average daily gain"
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Mee, John F. "Managing calves/youngstock to optimise dairy herd health." In Improving dairy herd health Improving, 265–98. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0086.11.
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This chapter demonstrates that youngstock management can play a critical role in optimising dairy herd health. While the immediate impact of better calf management is visible to farmers in better youngstock health and growth, the long-term benefits in dairy herd productivity and survival need to be emphasised more by veterinarians and agricultural advisers. The most consistently reported management factors associated with reduced age at first calving (AFC), higher milk production and longer survival were feeding a larger volume of colostrum, offering a higher liquid feed volume preweaning, offering a higher solids milk replacer, offering whole milk and a higher average daily gain. The three health disorders most frequently associated with increased AFC, lower milk production and shorter survival were dystocia, calf diarrhoea and respiratory disease. These results have implications for producer perception and management of calfhood nutrition and health hazards and veterinary communication on calfhood disease sequelae with lag dynamics.
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Sahin, Hulya. "Long-Term Adherence and Maintenance of Benefits in Pulmonary Rehabilitation." In Update in Respiratory Diseases. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90565.
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Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive intervention in chronic lung diseases, including personalized special therapies, exercise training, education and behavioral changes to improve the physical and psychological status of the patients, and aims to promote behavior that helps improve health status in the long term. A personalized PR program administered by a multidisciplinary team is recently considered a standard and complementary treatment method in chronic lung diseases. After the PR program, dyspnea of COPD patients decreases and their exercise capacities increase. Their daily life activities and physical activities increase. Their functional dependence decreases and quality of life increases. It presents a perfect opportunity to provide self-management and independence for the patients and improve their quality of life. Studies have shown that, unless there is a structured maintenance program, after an average of 6–12 months following PR programs, the gains that are realized start to decrease. Decrease of gains due to causes like a decrease in compliance to exercises, disease progress, attacks and co-morbidities. Causes such as decreased compliance to exercise, progression of the disease, attacks and comorbidities play a role in reducing gains. Especially in advanced age and in the presence of severe disease, the gain in exercise tolerance is lost more rapidly. The methods used and the results obtained to ensure the continuation of the gains differ.
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Baxi, Bhavya, and Jigna Shah. "Association of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain with Preterm Delivery in Pregnant Women." In Caesarean Section [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96922.
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The perinatal mortality rate, which is one of the important adverse pregnancy outcome and includes stillbirths and infant death within first week of life is estimated to be nearly 40 deaths per 1,000 pregnancies in Gujarat. Also the infant mortality rates have been estimated to be 50 deaths before age of one year per 1,000 pregnancies. It is stated that children whose mothers are illiterate or belong to low socio-economic class have two and half times more chances to die within 1 year of their birth compared to those whose mothers have completed atleast 10 years of education or belong to high socio-economic class. There are nearly 13% of women who does not receive proper antenatal care and facility during pregnancy. In India, there are nearly half of the women (52%) who possess normal BMI range: rest are either underweight or overweight. Approximately 55% of the women of total population in India are anaemic. These maternal parameters directly affect the children causing 48% of the children to be malnourished and 43% to be underweight. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the association of pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) as well as Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) with diverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and also with preterm delivery, caesarean delivery, etc. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence, GWG, various pregnancy outcomes of underweight, overweight or obese pregnant women, and to explore the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI as well as gestational weight gain during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This is a prospective, multi-centric study involving pregnant women with gestation week ≤20 weeks in Ahmedabad in Gujarat region. Our study observed that out of 226 women enrolled, 44 women (19.47%) were underweight, 137 women (60.62%) were normal, 30 women (13.27%) were overweight and 15 women (6.64%) were obese. The incidence of caesarean delivery (56.92%) was found more in nuclear family as compared to joint family (46.92%). It was found that in women taking no junk food at all, the chances of LBW were 16.39%, which was less as compared to mothers who had junk food. It was also observed that amongst women taking 1 glass milk daily (42.92%), about 55.67% of had normal type of delivery. Amongst women taking 1 fruit daily (57.52%), 53% women had normal delivery. Present study spotted decrease in risk of caesarean delivery with increase in maternal haemoglobin level from 9.0 gm/dl till 12.0 gm/dl. Average weight gain observed in underweight was 12.93 ± 1.90, in normal 12.32 ± 1.71, in overweight 10.23 ± 1.28 and in obese 9.6 ± 1.50. A negative correlation was found between GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI, i.e. as pre-pregnancy BMI increase, the GWG decrease. The incidence of pre-term delivery (9.49%) was much less in normal BMI range. The average infant birth weight observed in underweight women was 2.63 ± 0.47, in normal was 2.9 ± 0.49, in overweight was 2.92 ± 0.56 and in obese was 2.95 ± 0.86. It is observed that highest birth weight is obtained in obese women, which decreases as the maternal BMI range decreases. The incidence of LBW in normal and overweight women was 15.33 and 16.67%, which was low as compared to obese and underweight women. Our study reveals that parameters such as GWG, type of family, intake of milk, fruits and junk food, haemoglobin concentration directly affects the pregnancy outcomes such as term of delivery, type of delivery and infant birth weight.
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Hart, Richard H., and Justin D. Derner. "Cattle Grazing on the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0021.
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Cattle are the primary grazers on the shortgrass steppe. For example, during the late 1990s, 21 shortgrass counties in Colorado reported about 2.36 million cattle compared with 283,000 sheep (National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA, 1997a), 60,000 pronghorn antelope, and a few thousand bison (Hart, 1994). Assuming one bison or five to six sheep or pronghorn consume as much forage as one bovine (Heady and Child, 1994), cattle provide about 97% of the large-herbivore grazing pressure in this region. The ratio of cattle to other grazers is even greater in the remainder of the shortgrass steppe. In 1997, the three panhandle counties of Oklahoma reported 387,000 cattle and only 1300 sheep, whereas the 38 panhandle counties of Texas reported 4.24 million cattle and 14,000 sheep (National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA, 1997b,c). How ever, only a bout half the cattle in the panhandle counties of Texas and Oklahoma graze on rangeland the remainer are in feedlots. Rangeland research on the shortgrass steppe (Table 17.1 describes the parameters of the major research stations in the shortgrass steppe) has included a long history of both basic ecology and grazing management. The responses of rangeland plant communities to herbivory are addressed by Milchunas et al. (chapter 16, this volume) and to disturbance are discussed by Peters et al. (chapter 6, this volume). Here we focus on research pertaining to three management practices important to cattle ranching on shortgrass steppe: stocking rates, grazing systems, and extending the grazing season via complementary pastures and use of pastures dominated by Atriplex canescens [Pursh] Nutt (fourwing saltbush). Stocking rate, de. ned as the number of animals per unit area for a speci. ed time period, is the primary and most easily controlled variable in the management of cattle grazing. Cattle weight gain responses to stocking rate or grazing pressure (animal days per unit of forage produced) have been quanti. ed in several grazing studies on the shortgrass steppe (Bement, 1969, 1974; Hart and Ashby, 1998; Klipple and Costello, 1960). Average daily gains per animal are better estimated as a function of grazing pressure, rather than stocking rate, as forage production is highly variable in this semiarid environment (Lauenroth and Sala, 1992; Milchunas et al., 1994).
Conference papers on the topic "Average daily gain"
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Cavalcanti, L. F. L., L. M. Zerlotini, M. N. Ribas, and F. L. B. Toral. "Effect of weighing frequency on average daily gain estimate." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_140.
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ŠENFELDE, Līga, and Daina KAIRIŠA. "AUTOMATIC CONCENTRATE DISTRIBUTION FOR FATTENING OF ROMANOV × DORPER LAMBS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.062.
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The aim of this research was to study the possibility of using automatic concentrate feeding stations in fattening of lambs. Ten Romanov × Dorper weaned male lambs (initial live weight 21.0 ± 0.86 kg) for fattening were used. Lambs were kept indoors in separate pen and research was carried out in production conditions. Concentrate was distributed for animals individually in automatic feeding station. Adaption period were not applied, eight lambs had the concentrate intake in the automatic feeding station from first research day, one started eat concentrate from third research day and one – from eleventh day of research. The frequency of visits to automatic feeding station and daily concentrate intake was recorded and analyzed. Lamb’s were weighted before research and every fourteen days, live weight changes were analyzed. During all the research average number of daily visits to automatic feeding station of one lamb were 13 visits, average daily concentrate intake per animal was: 84 % of the average ration (1642 g) in all research period. Results shows, that average daily live weight gain was 246 ± 26.3 g, during last quarter daily live weight gain (89 ± 27.7 g) was significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) lover than in other quarters. For 1 kg lamb live weight gain 5.39 kg concentrate was used.
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Anderson, Robin C., N. A. Krueger, K. J. Genovese, T. B. Stanton, K. M. MacKinnon, Roger B. Harvey, T. R. Callaway, T. S. Edrington, and David J. Nisbet. "Effect of thymol or diphenyliodonium chloride on feed intake, average daily gain and gut Campylobacter concentrations in growing swine." In Eighth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Foodborne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-853.
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Ostrenko, K. S. "Problems of animal husbandry intensification and ways to solve them." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-138.
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Integrated approach to the nutrition system allows you to reduce the negative effects of stress of various etiologies without а hypertrophied increase in productivity. The use of normotimic additives (lithium ascorbate) can increase the productivity of fattening pigs by 5–7 %, improve the quality of meat, and reduce the risks of obtaining low-quality meat products. The introduction of probiotics in the diet of pigs can increase the average daily growth by 5.4 %. The use of various antioxidants and antihypoxants leads to an increase in the average daily body weight gain of 13.3 %. Complex use of additives that increase stress resistance in animals can reduce losses associated with chronic stress in animals from 30 % to 5 %. Increasing stress resistance will allow you to level energy losses, normalize metabolism and increase plastic metabolism, which leads to an increase in the health of the animal and allows you to fully realize the genetic potential of the breed.
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MUIZNIECE, Inga, and Daina KAIRISA. "FATTENING AND SLAUGHTER RESULTS ANALYSIS OF HEREFORD BREED BULLS BORN IN DIFFERENT SEASONS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.198.
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The aim of this study was to explain the birth season effect on Hereford bulls fattening results. The research was made within the project ‘Baltic Grassland Beef’ framework in years 2015 and 2016. Data about 41 Herford purebred bull was used in the research, grown in different farms of Latvia. Bulls were slaughtered in certified slaughterhouse ‘Agaras’ (Lithuania). The average birth weight of the Hereford breed bulls was in border from 42.9 – 45.0 kg. The lowest birth weight was on spring season born bulls – 42.9 kg, but the highest on winter season born bulls - 45.0. Average realization age of bull’s, in the research groups, was on range from 567 days to 661 days. Bulls born on autumn and winter before slaughtering were significantly older, respectively 661 and 655 days with live weight of 519.9 kg un 542.1 kg. On spring born bulls with age 600 days reached the biggest live weight – 542.0 kg, respectively these group bulls average daily weight gain from birth to slaughter per day was the biggest among all the groups – 831.9 g. The highest slaughter weight showed on autumn and winter seasons born bulls, respectively 275.5 kg and 274.8 kg. In the research groups on different seasons born bulls conformation score was from points 2.4 to 2.6. All the bull’s carcass in the research groups were evaluated as 2nd and 3rd fat class. between the age before slaughter and average daily weight gain from birth to slaughter there is an important negative correlation (from r = -0.858 to = -0.977, p&amp;lt;0.05), except on spring season born bulls.
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Begembekov, K. N., K. S. Nurgazy, A. M. Ombaev, B. O. Nurgazy, and A. E. Abdurasulova. "FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GABIES OF DIFFERENT BREEDS AND THEIR MIXES IN THE SAME CONDITIONS OF FEEDING AND CONTENT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.106-110.
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The article presents the results of a study to determine the characteristics of the growth and development of gobies of Kazakh white-headed, Hereford breeds and their crosses when grown in the same feeding and keeping conditions. In general, for the entire period of cultivation, crossbreeds were distinguished by the highest level of average daily gain in live weight, the smallest by the Kazakh white-headed breed, and Herefords occupied an intermediate position.
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Kosolapov, Vladimir, Halyaf Ishmuratov, Valentina Kosolapova, and Zinaida Zverkova. "EFFECT OF THE USE OF FEED FROM BARLEY AND PEAS ON MEAT BULLS PRODUCTIVITY." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-104-108.
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Reconnaissance experiments were conducted to evaluate the productive effect of diets for young cattle. The diets consist of silage prepared from peas and barley in the ratio of 50: 50 and 25: 75, as well as from crushed grain these crops. Mixed crop cultivation is recommended for use in feed production. The average daily gain in live weight of gobies grown on such diets is 927–996 g, slaughter yield is up to 58.8%, and the protein content in the longest muscle of the back is 21.93–23.63%.
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Alexeev, Yaroslav, Anton Shakirov, and Rishat Yamilov. "Challenges and Results of the First Ultra-High-Speed ESP Rental Project – A Case Study. Hyper Speed ESP 15,000 rpm as the Next Step to the Future." In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204492-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents the results of an ongoing rental project at Slavneft (a company belonging on a parity basis to Gazpromneft and Rosneft) within 13 Licence Areas. The main target of Ultra-High-Speed ESP implementation was to address challenges where traditional technologies become inefficient, with the main priority given to production gain. The paper scope is focused on how production gain and power savings were achieved. Ultra-High-Speed ESP (UHS ESP) Systems have grown in popularity in recent years due to a set of advantages, including power efficiency, wide operating range, robust design, etc. Once the technology reached a level where equipment runlife became superior to standard ESPs (STD ESP), it opened new prospects for exploring various types of business models with lease being one of them. Project scope at Slavneft group of field required solutions for depleting reservoirs in slim casing (5.5" and 5.75"). Since production gain was given high priority, deeper ESP installation was required. Target KPI's uncovered the benefit of short UHS downhole string length, which allows for deeper installation, where dogleg severity becomes critical and traditional ESP cannot be set. Preliminary results of a three-year project with one-year qualification are as follows: Net production gain of 13,846 tons of oil (103,200 stb) achieved through deeper installation, average daily production gain 23.9 %; Flowing bottom hole pressure reduced by 11.8 bar (24.6 %) on average; UHS ESPs installed deeper by average 252 m (827 ft) than previously installed standard ESP; Average specific power consumption optimized by 6.1 kW*h/m3 (liquid) or 23.5 %; Total power saved is over 1,685,553 kW*h. This case study touches on broader aspects of the rental project, demonstrating specific topics within the area of UHS ESP application. As technology benefits become more apparent and they offer tremendous opportunities for production optimization, with time, the UHS ESP may completely replace standard approach. The results of this study and a number of other successful projects all over the world have paved the way for a more advanced approach in Artificial Lift. Taking a step forward towards unlocking potential of every well, the final chapter of this paper presents the results of a 7-year long project, aimed at bringing to life a Hyper Speed ESP system, with its speed rating reaching 15,000 rpm. The Hyper Speed ESP designed to provide ultimate solution for ESP lifted wells: Ready for practically any downhole conditions Benchmark reliability & efficiency Rigless live-well deployment Inexpensive intervention, compact & slim Paper scope covers technological hurdles and corresponding engineering solutions.
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Poteat, Logan S., and M. Keith Sharp. "Solar Load Ratio Parameters for a Passive Solar Heat Pipe System." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49136.
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The Solar Load Ratio (SLR) method is a performance prediction algorithm for passive solar space heating systems developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Based on curve fits of detailed thermal simulations of buildings, the algorithm provides fast estimation of monthly solar savings fraction for direct gain, indirect gain (water wall and concrete wall) and sunspace systems of a range of designs. Parameters are not available for passive solar heat pipe systems, which are of the isolated gain type. While modern computers have increased the speed with which detailed simulations can be performed, the quick estimates generated by the SLR method are still useful for early building design comparisons and for educational purposes. With this in mind, the objective of this project was to develop SLR predictions for heat pipe systems, which use heat pipes for one-way transport of heat into the building. A previous thermal network was used to simulate the heat pipe system with Typical Meteorological Year (TMY3) weather data for 13 locations across the US, representing ranges of winter temperature and available sunshine. A range of (nonsolar) load-to-collector ratio LCR = 1–15 W/m2K was tested for each location. The thermal network, along with TMY3 data, provided monthly-average-daily absorbed solar radiation and building load to calculate SLR. Losses from the solar aperture in a heat pipe system are very low compared to conventional passive solar systems, thus the load-to-collector ratio of the solar aperture was neglected in these preliminary calculations. Likewise, nighttime insulation is unnecessary for a heat pipe system, and was not considered. An optimization routine was used to determine an exponential fit (the heart of the SLR method) to simulated monthly solar savings fraction (SSF) across all locations and LCR values. Accuracy of SSF predicted by SLR compared to the thermal network results was evaluated. The largest errors (up to 50%) occurred for months with small heating loads (< 80 K days), which inflated SSF. Limiting the optimization to the heating season (October to March), reduced the error in SSF to an average of 4.24% and a standard deviation of 5.87%. These results expand the applications of the SLR method to heat pipe systems, and allow building designers to use this method to estimate the thermal benefits of heat pipe systems along with conventional direct gain, indirect gain and sunspace systems.
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Fan, Di, Qi Kang, Ruochen Zhang, Jing Gong, and Changchun Wu. "A New Hydraulic and Thermal Steady-State Calculation Program for Multiphase Pipe Network." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78279.
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With the continuous development of offshore oil and gas resources, calculation software for multiphase flowing pipe network has become an important tool for the design and daily operation of multiphase flowing pipe network. Improved accuracy of hydraulic and thermal calculation is an engineering requirement for economic and efficient production. Therefore, a new program is developed for multiphase pipe network in this paper. This program contains a general data structure to describe the complex connection of a pipe network. The structure is based on the conception of the incidence matrix and the adjacency matrix in graph theory. Two processes, hydraulic equilibrium calculation and thermodynamic equilibrium calculation are successively taken in this program to gain the steady-state for a multiphase pipe network. For the hydraulic equilibrium calculation, applying flow equation to each pipe in the network gains a pipe flow vector. A nonlinear system of equations, which represent flow balance of each node, is obtained by multiplying the incidence matrix and the pipe flow vector. To solve these equations, the Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm is used and afterwards, the hydraulic parameters of the pipe network are obtained. For thermal equilibrium calculation, since all the temperature of source nodes is known, the key step is to find the solution order of other node temperature. The program obtains the order by transforming the adjacency matrix. Deng temperature drop formula is used to calculate the end temperature of each pipe. When a node has more than one inflow, an average temperature based on the heat capacity and mass flow is adopted after gaining each pipe’s outlet temperature. Combining hydraulic and thermal algorithms, a complete set of solution program for steady-state of multiphase pipe network is compiled. In the end, two cases are performed to check the accuracy of the program. In the first case, a pipe network is created by using the data collected from a condensate gas gathering network in the South China Sea. The result indicates that the program has a good agreement with the actual data. In the second case, the program is applied in a single-phase network and gains almost the same result calculated by PipePhase and PipeSim.
Reports on the topic "Average daily gain"
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Elsbernd, Amanda, Anna K. Johnson, Kenneth J. Stalder, Locke A. Karriker, Annette M. O'Connor, Tyson Dinslage, and Josh Bowden. A Review on the Impact of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccination on Average Daily Gain in Swine. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-829.
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Jones, Cassandra, Nicholas Gabler, John F. Patience, and Rodger G. Main. Irrespective of Differences in Weaning Weight, Feed Efficiency is Not Different among Pigs with Varying Average Daily Gain. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-750.
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Gunn, Patrick J., Garland R. Dahlke, Jim Werner, Joe Werner, Clint Werner, and Bonnie Larson. Effects of Concurrent Selection for Residual Feed Intake and Average Daily Gain on Fertility and Longevity in Black Angus Beef Females. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-520.
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Gunn, Patrick, Garland Dahlke, Jim Werner, Joe Werner, Clint Werner, and Bonnie Larson. Effects of Concurrent Selection for Residual Feed Intake and Average Daily Gain on Fertility and Longevity in Black Angus Beef Females. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2097.
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